High Levels of Diversity Uncovered in a Widespread Nominal Taxon: Continental Phylogeography of the Neotropical Tree Frog Dendropsophus minutus
Identifieur interne : 000714 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000713; suivant : 000715High Levels of Diversity Uncovered in a Widespread Nominal Taxon: Continental Phylogeography of the Neotropical Tree Frog Dendropsophus minutus
Auteurs : Marcelo Gehara [Allemagne, Brésil] ; Andrew J. Crawford [Colombie] ; Victor G. D. Orrico [Brésil] ; Ariel Rodríguez [Allemagne] ; Stefan Lötters [Allemagne] ; Antoine Fouquet ; Lucas S. Barrientos [Colombie] ; Francisco Brusquetti [Paraguay] ; Ignacio De La Riva [Espagne] ; Raffael Ernst [Allemagne] ; Giuseppe Gagliardi Urrutia [Pérou] ; Frank Glaw [Allemagne] ; Juan M. Guayasamin [Équateur] ; Monique Hölting [Allemagne] ; Martin Jansen [Allemagne] ; Philippe J. R. Kok [Belgique] ; Axel Kwet [Allemagne] ; Rodrigo Lingnau [Brésil] ; Mariana Lyra [Brésil] ; Ji Moravec [République tchèque] ; José P. Pombal [Brésil] ; Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic [Venezuela] ; Arne Schulze [Allemagne] ; J. Celsa Se Aris [Venezuela] ; Mirco Solé [Brésil] ; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues [Brésil] ; Evan Twomey [États-Unis] ; Celio F. B. Haddad [Brésil] ; Miguel Vences [Allemagne] ; Jörn Köhler [Allemagne]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : DNA, Mitochondrial, Electron Transport Complex IV.
- genetics : Anura.
- Animals, Biodiversity, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeography.
Abstract
Species distributed across vast continental areas and across major biomes provide unique model systems for studies of biotic diversification, yet also constitute daunting financial, logistic and political challenges for data collection across such regions. The tree frog
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103958
PubMed: 25208078
PubMed Central: 4160190
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PMC:4160190Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Haddad, Celio F B" sort="Haddad, Celio F B" uniqKey="Haddad C" first="Celio F. B." last="Haddad">Celio F. B. Haddad</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">High Levels of Diversity Uncovered in a Widespread Nominal Taxon: Continental Phylogeography of the Neotropical Tree Frog <italic>Dendropsophus minutus</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Gehara, Marcelo" sort="Gehara, Marcelo" uniqKey="Gehara M" first="Marcelo" last="Gehara">Marcelo Gehara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Norte</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crawford, Andrew J" sort="Crawford, Andrew J" uniqKey="Crawford A" first="Andrew J." last="Crawford">Andrew J. Crawford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bogotá</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Republic of Panama</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Republic of Panama</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Orrico, Victor G D" sort="Orrico, Victor G D" uniqKey="Orrico V" first="Victor G. D." last="Orrico">Victor G. D. Orrico</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Ariel" sort="Rodriguez, Ariel" uniqKey="Rodriguez A" first="Ariel" last="Rodríguez">Ariel Rodríguez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lotters, Stefan" sort="Lotters, Stefan" uniqKey="Lotters S" first="Stefan" last="Lötters">Stefan Lötters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouquet, Antoine" sort="Fouquet, Antoine" uniqKey="Fouquet A" first="Antoine" last="Fouquet">Antoine Fouquet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>CNRS-Guyane - USR3456, Immeuble Le Relais - 2, Cayenne, French Guiana</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">French Guiana</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrientos, Lucas S" sort="Barrientos, Lucas S" uniqKey="Barrientos L" first="Lucas S." last="Barrientos">Lucas S. Barrientos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bogotá</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brusquetti, Francisco" sort="Brusquetti, Francisco" uniqKey="Brusquetti F" first="Francisco" last="Brusquetti">Francisco Brusquetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil; Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil; Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Asunción</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Asunción</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De La Riva, Ignacio" sort="De La Riva, Ignacio" uniqKey="De La Riva I" first="Ignacio" last="De La Riva">Ignacio De La Riva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ernst, Raffael" sort="Ernst, Raffael" uniqKey="Ernst R" first="Raffael" last="Ernst">Raffael Ernst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region>
<settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Urrutia, Giuseppe Gagliardi" sort="Urrutia, Giuseppe Gagliardi" uniqKey="Urrutia G" first="Giuseppe Gagliardi" last="Urrutia">Giuseppe Gagliardi Urrutia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCRC), Nanay, Iquitos, Peru</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCRC), Nanay, Iquitos</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Iquitos</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glaw, Frank" sort="Glaw, Frank" uniqKey="Glaw F" first="Frank" last="Glaw">Frank Glaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guayasamin, Juan M" sort="Guayasamin, Juan M" uniqKey="Guayasamin J" first="Juan M." last="Guayasamin">Juan M. Guayasamin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><addr-line>Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático (BioCamp), Cotocollao, Quito, Ecuador</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático (BioCamp), Cotocollao, Quito</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holting, Monique" sort="Holting, Monique" uniqKey="Holting M" first="Monique" last="Hölting">Monique Hölting</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region>
<settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Martin" sort="Jansen, Martin" uniqKey="Jansen M" first="Martin" last="Jansen">Martin Jansen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Francfort-sur-le-Main</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kok, Philippe J R" sort="Kok, Philippe J R" uniqKey="Kok P" first="Philippe J. R." last="Kok">Philippe J. R. Kok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Amphibian Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amphibian Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kwet, Axel" sort="Kwet, Axel" uniqKey="Kwet A" first="Axel" last="Kwet">Axel Kwet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Mannheim</settlement>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Lingnau, Rodrigo" sort="Lingnau, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Lingnau R" first="Rodrigo" last="Lingnau">Rodrigo Lingnau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><addr-line>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyra, Mariana" sort="Lyra, Mariana" uniqKey="Lyra M" first="Mariana" last="Lyra">Mariana Lyra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><addr-line>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moravec, Ji" sort="Moravec, Ji" uniqKey="Moravec J" first="Ji" last="Moravec">Ji Moravec</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pombal, Jose P" sort="Pombal, Jose P" uniqKey="Pombal J" first="José P." last="Pombal">José P. Pombal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff20"><addr-line>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement>
<region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" sort="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" uniqKey="Rojas Runjaic F" first="Fernando J. M." last="Rojas-Runjaic">Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21"><addr-line>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schulze, Arne" sort="Schulze, Arne" uniqKey="Schulze A" first="Arne" last="Schulze">Arne Schulze</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><addr-line>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Se Aris, J Celsa" sort="Se Aris, J Celsa" uniqKey="Se Aris J" first="J. Celsa" last="Se Aris">J. Celsa Se Aris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sole, Mirco" sort="Sole, Mirco" uniqKey="Sole M" first="Mirco" last="Solé">Mirco Solé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Bahia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" sort="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" uniqKey="Rodrigues M" first="Miguel Trefaut" last="Rodrigues">Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Twomey, Evan" sort="Twomey, Evan" uniqKey="Twomey E" first="Evan" last="Twomey">Evan Twomey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff26"><addr-line>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haddad, Celio F B" sort="Haddad, Celio F B" uniqKey="Haddad C" first="Celio F. B." last="Haddad">Celio F. B. Haddad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><addr-line>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vences, Miguel" sort="Vences, Miguel" uniqKey="Vences M" first="Miguel" last="Vences">Miguel Vences</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohler, Jorn" sort="Kohler, Jorn" uniqKey="Kohler J" first="Jörn" last="Köhler">Jörn Köhler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><addr-line>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Anura (genetics)</term>
<term>Biodiversity</term>
<term>DNA, Mitochondrial (genetics)</term>
<term>Electron Transport Complex IV (genetics)</term>
<term>Evolution, Molecular</term>
<term>Phylogeography</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Mitochondrial</term>
<term>Electron Transport Complex IV</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Anura</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Biodiversity</term>
<term>Evolution, Molecular</term>
<term>Phylogeography</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Species distributed across vast continental areas and across major biomes provide unique model systems for studies of biotic diversification, yet also constitute daunting financial, logistic and political challenges for data collection across such regions. The tree frog <italic>Dendropsophus minutus</italic>
(Anura: Hylidae) is a nominal species, continentally distributed in South America, that may represent a complex of multiple species, each with a more limited distribution. To understand the spatial pattern of molecular diversity throughout the range of this species complex, we obtained DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the 16S rhibosomal gene (16S) for 407 samples of <italic>D. minutus</italic>
and closely related species distributed across eleven countries, effectively comprising the entire range of the group. We performed phylogenetic and spatially explicit phylogeographic analyses to assess the genetic structure of lineages and infer ancestral areas. We found 43 statistically supported, deep mitochondrial lineages, several of which may represent currently unrecognized distinct species. One major clade, containing 25 divergent lineages, includes samples from the type locality of <italic>D. minutus</italic>
. We defined that clade as the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
complex. The remaining lineages together with the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
complex constitute the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
species group. Historical analyses support an Amazonian origin for the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
species group with a subsequent dispersal to eastern Brazil where the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
complex originated. According to our dataset, a total of eight mtDNA lineages have ranges >100,000 km<sup>2</sup>
. One of them occupies an area of almost one million km<sup>2</sup>
encompassing multiple biomes. Our results, at a spatial scale and resolution unprecedented for a Neotropical vertebrate, confirm that widespread amphibian species occur in lowland South America, yet at the same time a large proportion of cryptic diversity still remains to be discovered.</p>
</div>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glaw, Frank" sort="Glaw, Frank" uniqKey="Glaw F" first="Frank" last="Glaw">Frank Glaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guayasamin, Juan M" sort="Guayasamin, Juan M" uniqKey="Guayasamin J" first="Juan M." last="Guayasamin">Juan M. Guayasamin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><addr-line>Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático (BioCamp), Cotocollao, Quito, Ecuador</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático (BioCamp), Cotocollao, Quito</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holting, Monique" sort="Holting, Monique" uniqKey="Holting M" first="Monique" last="Hölting">Monique Hölting</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region>
<settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Martin" sort="Jansen, Martin" uniqKey="Jansen M" first="Martin" last="Jansen">Martin Jansen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Francfort-sur-le-Main</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kok, Philippe J R" sort="Kok, Philippe J R" uniqKey="Kok P" first="Philippe J. R." last="Kok">Philippe J. R. Kok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Amphibian Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kwet, Axel" sort="Kwet, Axel" uniqKey="Kwet A" first="Axel" last="Kwet">Axel Kwet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Mannheim</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lingnau, Rodrigo" sort="Lingnau, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Lingnau R" first="Rodrigo" last="Lingnau">Rodrigo Lingnau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><addr-line>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Paraná (État)</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyra, Mariana" sort="Lyra, Mariana" uniqKey="Lyra M" first="Mariana" last="Lyra">Mariana Lyra</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moravec, Ji" sort="Moravec, Ji" uniqKey="Moravec J" first="Ji" last="Moravec">Ji Moravec</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pombal, Jose P" sort="Pombal, Jose P" uniqKey="Pombal J" first="José P." last="Pombal">José P. Pombal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff20"><addr-line>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" sort="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" uniqKey="Rojas Runjaic F" first="Fernando J. M." last="Rojas-Runjaic">Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21"><addr-line>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schulze, Arne" sort="Schulze, Arne" uniqKey="Schulze A" first="Arne" last="Schulze">Arne Schulze</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><addr-line>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Se Aris, J Celsa" sort="Se Aris, J Celsa" uniqKey="Se Aris J" first="J. Celsa" last="Se Aris">J. Celsa Se Aris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sole, Mirco" sort="Sole, Mirco" uniqKey="Sole M" first="Mirco" last="Solé">Mirco Solé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Bahia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" sort="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" uniqKey="Rodrigues M" first="Miguel Trefaut" last="Rodrigues">Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Twomey, Evan" sort="Twomey, Evan" uniqKey="Twomey E" first="Evan" last="Twomey">Evan Twomey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff26"><addr-line>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haddad, Celio F B" sort="Haddad, Celio F B" uniqKey="Haddad C" first="Celio F. B." last="Haddad">Celio F. B. Haddad</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vences, Miguel" sort="Vences, Miguel" uniqKey="Vences M" first="Miguel" last="Vences">Miguel Vences</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohler, Jorn" sort="Kohler, Jorn" uniqKey="Kohler J" first="Jörn" last="Köhler">Jörn Köhler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><addr-line>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">High Levels of Diversity Uncovered in a Widespread Nominal Taxon: Continental Phylogeography of the Neotropical Tree Frog <italic>Dendropsophus minutus</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Gehara, Marcelo" sort="Gehara, Marcelo" uniqKey="Gehara M" first="Marcelo" last="Gehara">Marcelo Gehara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Norte</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crawford, Andrew J" sort="Crawford, Andrew J" uniqKey="Crawford A" first="Andrew J." last="Crawford">Andrew J. Crawford</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bogotá</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Republic of Panama</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Republic of Panama</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Orrico, Victor G D" sort="Orrico, Victor G D" uniqKey="Orrico V" first="Victor G. D." last="Orrico">Victor G. D. Orrico</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Ariel" sort="Rodriguez, Ariel" uniqKey="Rodriguez A" first="Ariel" last="Rodríguez">Ariel Rodríguez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lotters, Stefan" sort="Lotters, Stefan" uniqKey="Lotters S" first="Stefan" last="Lötters">Stefan Lötters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouquet, Antoine" sort="Fouquet, Antoine" uniqKey="Fouquet A" first="Antoine" last="Fouquet">Antoine Fouquet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>CNRS-Guyane - USR3456, Immeuble Le Relais - 2, Cayenne, French Guiana</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">French Guiana</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrientos, Lucas S" sort="Barrientos, Lucas S" uniqKey="Barrientos L" first="Lucas S." last="Barrientos">Lucas S. Barrientos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bogotá</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brusquetti, Francisco" sort="Brusquetti, Francisco" uniqKey="Brusquetti F" first="Francisco" last="Brusquetti">Francisco Brusquetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil; Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil; Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Asunción</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Asunción</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De La Riva, Ignacio" sort="De La Riva, Ignacio" uniqKey="De La Riva I" first="Ignacio" last="De La Riva">Ignacio De La Riva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ernst, Raffael" sort="Ernst, Raffael" uniqKey="Ernst R" first="Raffael" last="Ernst">Raffael Ernst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region>
<settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Urrutia, Giuseppe Gagliardi" sort="Urrutia, Giuseppe Gagliardi" uniqKey="Urrutia G" first="Giuseppe Gagliardi" last="Urrutia">Giuseppe Gagliardi Urrutia</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glaw, Frank" sort="Glaw, Frank" uniqKey="Glaw F" first="Frank" last="Glaw">Frank Glaw</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guayasamin, Juan M" sort="Guayasamin, Juan M" uniqKey="Guayasamin J" first="Juan M." last="Guayasamin">Juan M. Guayasamin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><addr-line>Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático (BioCamp), Cotocollao, Quito, Ecuador</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holting, Monique" sort="Holting, Monique" uniqKey="Holting M" first="Monique" last="Hölting">Monique Hölting</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region>
<settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Martin" sort="Jansen, Martin" uniqKey="Jansen M" first="Martin" last="Jansen">Martin Jansen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Francfort-sur-le-Main</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kok, Philippe J R" sort="Kok, Philippe J R" uniqKey="Kok P" first="Philippe J. R." last="Kok">Philippe J. R. Kok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Amphibian Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amphibian Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kwet, Axel" sort="Kwet, Axel" uniqKey="Kwet A" first="Axel" last="Kwet">Axel Kwet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Mannheim</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lingnau, Rodrigo" sort="Lingnau, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Lingnau R" first="Rodrigo" last="Lingnau">Rodrigo Lingnau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><addr-line>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Paraná (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyra, Mariana" sort="Lyra, Mariana" uniqKey="Lyra M" first="Mariana" last="Lyra">Mariana Lyra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><addr-line>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moravec, Ji" sort="Moravec, Ji" uniqKey="Moravec J" first="Ji" last="Moravec">Ji Moravec</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pombal, Jose P" sort="Pombal, Jose P" uniqKey="Pombal J" first="José P." last="Pombal">José P. Pombal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff20"><addr-line>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement>
<region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" sort="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" uniqKey="Rojas Runjaic F" first="Fernando J. M." last="Rojas-Runjaic">Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21"><addr-line>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schulze, Arne" sort="Schulze, Arne" uniqKey="Schulze A" first="Arne" last="Schulze">Arne Schulze</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><addr-line>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Se Aris, J Celsa" sort="Se Aris, J Celsa" uniqKey="Se Aris J" first="J. Celsa" last="Se Aris">J. Celsa Se Aris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sole, Mirco" sort="Sole, Mirco" uniqKey="Sole M" first="Mirco" last="Solé">Mirco Solé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Bahia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" sort="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" uniqKey="Rodrigues M" first="Miguel Trefaut" last="Rodrigues">Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Twomey, Evan" sort="Twomey, Evan" uniqKey="Twomey E" first="Evan" last="Twomey">Evan Twomey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff26"><addr-line>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haddad, Celio F B" sort="Haddad, Celio F B" uniqKey="Haddad C" first="Celio F. B." last="Haddad">Celio F. B. Haddad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><addr-line>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vences, Miguel" sort="Vences, Miguel" uniqKey="Vences M" first="Miguel" last="Vences">Miguel Vences</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohler, Jorn" sort="Kohler, Jorn" uniqKey="Kohler J" first="Jörn" last="Köhler">Jörn Köhler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><addr-line>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Species distributed across vast continental areas and across major biomes provide unique model systems for studies of biotic diversification, yet also constitute daunting financial, logistic and political challenges for data collection across such regions. The tree frog <italic>Dendropsophus minutus</italic>
(Anura: Hylidae) is a nominal species, continentally distributed in South America, that may represent a complex of multiple species, each with a more limited distribution. To understand the spatial pattern of molecular diversity throughout the range of this species complex, we obtained DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the 16S rhibosomal gene (16S) for 407 samples of <italic>D. minutus</italic>
and closely related species distributed across eleven countries, effectively comprising the entire range of the group. We performed phylogenetic and spatially explicit phylogeographic analyses to assess the genetic structure of lineages and infer ancestral areas. We found 43 statistically supported, deep mitochondrial lineages, several of which may represent currently unrecognized distinct species. One major clade, containing 25 divergent lineages, includes samples from the type locality of <italic>D. minutus</italic>
. We defined that clade as the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
complex. The remaining lineages together with the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
complex constitute the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
species group. Historical analyses support an Amazonian origin for the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
species group with a subsequent dispersal to eastern Brazil where the <italic>D. minutus</italic>
complex originated. According to our dataset, a total of eight mtDNA lineages have ranges >100,000 km<sup>2</sup>
. One of them occupies an area of almost one million km<sup>2</sup>
encompassing multiple biomes. Our results, at a spatial scale and resolution unprecedented for a Neotropical vertebrate, confirm that widespread amphibian species occur in lowland South America, yet at the same time a large proportion of cryptic diversity still remains to be discovered.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">High levels of diversity uncovered in a widespread nominal taxon: continental phylogeography of the neotropical tree frog Dendropsophus minutus.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Gehara, Marcelo" sort="Gehara, Marcelo" uniqKey="Gehara M" first="Marcelo" last="Gehara">Marcelo Gehara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Norte</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crawford, Andrew J" sort="Crawford, Andrew J" uniqKey="Crawford A" first="Andrew J" last="Crawford">Andrew J. Crawford</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Republic of Panama.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Republic of Panama</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Orrico, Victor G D" sort="Orrico, Victor G D" uniqKey="Orrico V" first="Victor G D" last="Orrico">Victor G D. Orrico</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Ariel" sort="Rodriguez, Ariel" uniqKey="Rodriguez A" first="Ariel" last="Rodríguez">Ariel Rodríguez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lotters, Stefan" sort="Lotters, Stefan" uniqKey="Lotters S" first="Stefan" last="Lötters">Stefan Lötters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouquet, Antoine" sort="Fouquet, Antoine" uniqKey="Fouquet A" first="Antoine" last="Fouquet">Antoine Fouquet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CNRS-Guyane - USR3456, Immeuble Le Relais - 2, Cayenne, French Guiana.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">French Guiana</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrientos, Lucas S" sort="Barrientos, Lucas S" uniqKey="Barrientos L" first="Lucas S" last="Barrientos">Lucas S. Barrientos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bogotá</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brusquetti, Francisco" sort="Brusquetti, Francisco" uniqKey="Brusquetti F" first="Francisco" last="Brusquetti">Francisco Brusquetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil; Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil; Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Asunción</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Asunción</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De La Riva, Ignacio" sort="De La Riva, Ignacio" uniqKey="De La Riva I" first="Ignacio" last="De La Riva">Ignacio De La Riva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ernst, Raffael" sort="Ernst, Raffael" uniqKey="Ernst R" first="Raffael" last="Ernst">Raffael Ernst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region>
<settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Urrutia, Giuseppe Gagliardi" sort="Urrutia, Giuseppe Gagliardi" uniqKey="Urrutia G" first="Giuseppe Gagliardi" last="Urrutia">Giuseppe Gagliardi Urrutia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCRC), Nanay, Iquitos, Peru.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCRC), Nanay, Iquitos</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Iquitos</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glaw, Frank" sort="Glaw, Frank" uniqKey="Glaw F" first="Frank" last="Glaw">Frank Glaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guayasamin, Juan M" sort="Guayasamin, Juan M" uniqKey="Guayasamin J" first="Juan M" last="Guayasamin">Juan M. Guayasamin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático (BioCamp), Cotocollao, Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático (BioCamp), Cotocollao, Quito</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holting, Monique" sort="Holting, Monique" uniqKey="Holting M" first="Monique" last="Hölting">Monique Hölting</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region>
<settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Martin" sort="Jansen, Martin" uniqKey="Jansen M" first="Martin" last="Jansen">Martin Jansen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Francfort-sur-le-Main</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kok, Philippe J R" sort="Kok, Philippe J R" uniqKey="Kok P" first="Philippe J R" last="Kok">Philippe J R. Kok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Amphibian Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amphibian Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kwet, Axel" sort="Kwet, Axel" uniqKey="Kwet A" first="Axel" last="Kwet">Axel Kwet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Mannheim</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lingnau, Rodrigo" sort="Lingnau, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Lingnau R" first="Rodrigo" last="Lingnau">Rodrigo Lingnau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Paraná (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyra, Mariana" sort="Lyra, Mariana" uniqKey="Lyra M" first="Mariana" last="Lyra">Mariana Lyra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moravec, Ji" sort="Moravec, Ji" uniqKey="Moravec J" first="Ji" last="Moravec">Ji Moravec</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pombal, Jose P" sort="Pombal, Jose P" uniqKey="Pombal J" first="José P" last="Pombal">José P. Pombal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement>
<region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" sort="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" uniqKey="Rojas Runjaic F" first="Fernando J M" last="Rojas-Runjaic">Fernando J M. Rojas-Runjaic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schulze, Arne" sort="Schulze, Arne" uniqKey="Schulze A" first="Arne" last="Schulze">Arne Schulze</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Se Aris, J Celsa" sort="Se Aris, J Celsa" uniqKey="Se Aris J" first="J Celsa" last="Se Aris">J Celsa Se Aris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sole, Mirco" sort="Sole, Mirco" uniqKey="Sole M" first="Mirco" last="Solé">Mirco Solé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Bahia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" sort="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" uniqKey="Rodrigues M" first="Miguel Trefaut" last="Rodrigues">Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Twomey, Evan" sort="Twomey, Evan" uniqKey="Twomey E" first="Evan" last="Twomey">Evan Twomey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haddad, Celio F B" sort="Haddad, Celio F B" uniqKey="Haddad C" first="Celio F B" last="Haddad">Celio F B. Haddad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vences, Miguel" sort="Vences, Miguel" uniqKey="Vences M" first="Miguel" last="Vences">Miguel Vences</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohler, Jorn" sort="Kohler, Jorn" uniqKey="Kohler J" first="Jörn" last="Köhler">Jörn Köhler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:25208078</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25208078</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0103958</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">High levels of diversity uncovered in a widespread nominal taxon: continental phylogeography of the neotropical tree frog Dendropsophus minutus.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Gehara, Marcelo" sort="Gehara, Marcelo" uniqKey="Gehara M" first="Marcelo" last="Gehara">Marcelo Gehara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Norte</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crawford, Andrew J" sort="Crawford, Andrew J" uniqKey="Crawford A" first="Andrew J" last="Crawford">Andrew J. Crawford</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Republic of Panama.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Republic of Panama</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Orrico, Victor G D" sort="Orrico, Victor G D" uniqKey="Orrico V" first="Victor G D" last="Orrico">Victor G D. Orrico</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Ariel" sort="Rodriguez, Ariel" uniqKey="Rodriguez A" first="Ariel" last="Rodríguez">Ariel Rodríguez</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lotters, Stefan" sort="Lotters, Stefan" uniqKey="Lotters S" first="Stefan" last="Lötters">Stefan Lötters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
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<wicri:regionArea>Trier University, Biogeography Department, Trier</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Fouquet, Antoine" sort="Fouquet, Antoine" uniqKey="Fouquet A" first="Antoine" last="Fouquet">Antoine Fouquet</name>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">French Guiana</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrientos, Lucas S" sort="Barrientos, Lucas S" uniqKey="Barrientos L" first="Lucas S" last="Barrientos">Lucas S. Barrientos</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Bogotá</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brusquetti, Francisco" sort="Brusquetti, Francisco" uniqKey="Brusquetti F" first="Francisco" last="Brusquetti">Francisco Brusquetti</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Paraguay</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil; Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Asunción</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Asunción</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De La Riva, Ignacio" sort="De La Riva, Ignacio" uniqKey="De La Riva I" first="Ignacio" last="De La Riva">Ignacio De La Riva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Ernst, Raffael" sort="Ernst, Raffael" uniqKey="Ernst R" first="Raffael" last="Ernst">Raffael Ernst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region>
<settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Urrutia, Giuseppe Gagliardi" sort="Urrutia, Giuseppe Gagliardi" uniqKey="Urrutia G" first="Giuseppe Gagliardi" last="Urrutia">Giuseppe Gagliardi Urrutia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCRC), Nanay, Iquitos, Peru.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCRC), Nanay, Iquitos</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Iquitos</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Glaw, Frank" sort="Glaw, Frank" uniqKey="Glaw F" first="Frank" last="Glaw">Frank Glaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
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<wicri:regionArea>Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guayasamin, Juan M" sort="Guayasamin, Juan M" uniqKey="Guayasamin J" first="Juan M" last="Guayasamin">Juan M. Guayasamin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático (BioCamp), Cotocollao, Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático (BioCamp), Cotocollao, Quito</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holting, Monique" sort="Holting, Monique" uniqKey="Holting M" first="Monique" last="Hölting">Monique Hölting</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region>
<settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jansen, Martin" sort="Jansen, Martin" uniqKey="Jansen M" first="Martin" last="Jansen">Martin Jansen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Francfort-sur-le-Main</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kok, Philippe J R" sort="Kok, Philippe J R" uniqKey="Kok P" first="Philippe J R" last="Kok">Philippe J R. Kok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Amphibian Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Amphibian Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kwet, Axel" sort="Kwet, Axel" uniqKey="Kwet A" first="Axel" last="Kwet">Axel Kwet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Herpetological Society (DGHT), Mannheim</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Mannheim</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lingnau, Rodrigo" sort="Lingnau, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Lingnau R" first="Rodrigo" last="Lingnau">Rodrigo Lingnau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, PR</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Paraná (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyra, Mariana" sort="Lyra, Mariana" uniqKey="Lyra M" first="Mariana" last="Lyra">Mariana Lyra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Moravec, Ji" sort="Moravec, Ji" uniqKey="Moravec J" first="Ji" last="Moravec">Ji Moravec</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement>
<region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" sort="Rojas Runjaic, Fernando J M" uniqKey="Rojas Runjaic F" first="Fernando J M" last="Rojas-Runjaic">Fernando J M. Rojas-Runjaic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Schulze, Arne" sort="Schulze, Arne" uniqKey="Schulze A" first="Arne" last="Schulze">Arne Schulze</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Se Aris, J Celsa" sort="Se Aris, J Celsa" uniqKey="Se Aris J" first="J Celsa" last="Se Aris">J Celsa Se Aris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Ecología y Genética de Poblaciones, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Sole, Mirco" sort="Sole, Mirco" uniqKey="Sole M" first="Mirco" last="Solé">Mirco Solé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Bahia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Bahia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" sort="Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut" uniqKey="Rodrigues M" first="Miguel Trefaut" last="Rodrigues">Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Twomey, Evan" sort="Twomey, Evan" uniqKey="Twomey E" first="Evan" last="Twomey">Evan Twomey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haddad, Celio F B" sort="Haddad, Celio F B" uniqKey="Haddad C" first="Celio F B" last="Haddad">Celio F B. Haddad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vences, Miguel" sort="Vences, Miguel" uniqKey="Vences M" first="Miguel" last="Vences">Miguel Vences</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Braunschweig</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohler, Jorn" sort="Kohler, Jorn" uniqKey="Kohler J" first="Jörn" last="Köhler">Jörn Köhler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Department of Zoology, Darmstadt</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region>
<settlement type="city">Darmstadt</settlement>
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</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PloS one</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Anura (genetics)</term>
<term>Biodiversity</term>
<term>DNA, Mitochondrial (genetics)</term>
<term>Electron Transport Complex IV (genetics)</term>
<term>Evolution, Molecular</term>
<term>Phylogeography</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Mitochondrial</term>
<term>Electron Transport Complex IV</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Anura</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Biodiversity</term>
<term>Evolution, Molecular</term>
<term>Phylogeography</term>
</keywords>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Species distributed across vast continental areas and across major biomes provide unique model systems for studies of biotic diversification, yet also constitute daunting financial, logistic and political challenges for data collection across such regions. The tree frog Dendropsophus minutus (Anura: Hylidae) is a nominal species, continentally distributed in South America, that may represent a complex of multiple species, each with a more limited distribution. To understand the spatial pattern of molecular diversity throughout the range of this species complex, we obtained DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the 16S rhibosomal gene (16S) for 407 samples of D. minutus and closely related species distributed across eleven countries, effectively comprising the entire range of the group. We performed phylogenetic and spatially explicit phylogeographic analyses to assess the genetic structure of lineages and infer ancestral areas. We found 43 statistically supported, deep mitochondrial lineages, several of which may represent currently unrecognized distinct species. One major clade, containing 25 divergent lineages, includes samples from the type locality of D. minutus. We defined that clade as the D. minutus complex. The remaining lineages together with the D. minutus complex constitute the D. minutus species group. Historical analyses support an Amazonian origin for the D. minutus species group with a subsequent dispersal to eastern Brazil where the D. minutus complex originated. According to our dataset, a total of eight mtDNA lineages have ranges >100,000 km2. One of them occupies an area of almost one million km2 encompassing multiple biomes. Our results, at a spatial scale and resolution unprecedented for a Neotropical vertebrate, confirm that widespread amphibian species occur in lowland South America, yet at the same time a large proportion of cryptic diversity still remains to be discovered.</div>
</front>
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