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Variants of the CNTNAP2 5' promoter as risk factors for autism spectrum disorders: a genetic and functional approach.

Identifieur interne : 000212 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000211; suivant : 000213

Variants of the CNTNAP2 5' promoter as risk factors for autism spectrum disorders: a genetic and functional approach.

Auteurs : A G Chiocchetti [Allemagne] ; M. Kopp [Allemagne] ; R. Waltes [Allemagne] ; D. Haslinger [Allemagne] ; E. Duketis [Allemagne] ; T A Jarczok [Allemagne] ; F. Poustka [Allemagne] ; A. Voran [Allemagne] ; U. Graab [Allemagne] ; J. Meyer [Allemagne] ; S M Klauck [Allemagne] ; S. Fulda [Allemagne] ; C M Freitag [Allemagne]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:25224256

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Contactin-associated protein-like 2 gene (CNTNAP2), a member of the Neurexin gene superfamily, is one of the best-replicated risk genes for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ASD are predominately genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments of language development, social interaction and communication, as well as stereotyped behavior and interests. Although CNTNAP2 expression levels were proposed to alter ASD risk, no study to date has focused on its 5' promoter. Here, we directly sequenced the CNTNAP2 5' promoter region of 236 German families with one child with ASD and detected four novel variants. Furthermore, we genotyped the three most frequent variants (rs150447075, rs34712024, rs71781329) in an additional sample of 356 families and found nominal association of rs34712024G with ASD and rs71781329GCG[7] with language development. The four novel and the three known minor alleles of the identified variants were predicted to alter transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). At the functional level, the respective sequences spanning these seven variants were bound by nuclear factors. In a luciferase promoter assay, the respective minor alleles showed cell line-specific and differentiation stage-dependent effects at the level of promoter activation. The novel potential rare risk-variant M2, a G>A mutation -215 base pairs 5' of the transcriptional start site, significantly reduced promoter efficiency in HEK293T and in undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoid SH-SY5Y cells. This variant was transmitted to a patient with autistic disorder. The under-transmitted, protective minor G allele of the common variant rs34712024, in contrast, increased transcriptional activity. These results lead to the conclusion that the pathomechanism of CNTNAP2 promoter variants on ASD risk is mediated by their effect on TFBSs, and thus confirm the hypothesis that a reduced CNTNAP2 level during neuronal development increases liability for ASD.

DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.103
PubMed: 25224256


Affiliations:


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Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Fulda, S" sort="Fulda, S" uniqKey="Fulda S" first="S" last="Fulda">S. Fulda</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Institute of Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
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<region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region>
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<name sortKey="Freitag, C M" sort="Freitag, C M" uniqKey="Freitag C" first="C M" last="Freitag">C M Freitag</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<title level="j">Molecular psychiatry</title>
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<term>Autism Spectrum Disorder (genetics)</term>
<term>Autism Spectrum Disorder (psychology)</term>
<term>Cell Line, Tumor</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Cohort Studies</term>
<term>European Continental Ancestry Group (genetics)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term>
<term>Germany</term>
<term>HEK293 Cells</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Language Development</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Membrane Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Membrane Proteins (metabolism)</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Nerve Tissue Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Nerve Tissue Proteins (metabolism)</term>
<term>Neurogenesis (physiology)</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Genetic</term>
<term>Promoter Regions, Genetic</term>
<term>RNA, Messenger (metabolism)</term>
<term>Transcription Factors (metabolism)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en">
<term>Membrane Proteins</term>
<term>Nerve Tissue Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en">
<term>Membrane Proteins</term>
<term>Nerve Tissue Proteins</term>
<term>RNA, Messenger</term>
<term>Transcription Factors</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en">
<term>Germany</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en">
<term>Autism Spectrum Disorder</term>
<term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Neurogenesis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Autism Spectrum Disorder</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cell Line, Tumor</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Cohort Studies</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term>
<term>HEK293 Cells</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Language Development</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Genetic</term>
<term>Promoter Regions, Genetic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Allemagne</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Contactin-associated protein-like 2 gene (CNTNAP2), a member of the Neurexin gene superfamily, is one of the best-replicated risk genes for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ASD are predominately genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments of language development, social interaction and communication, as well as stereotyped behavior and interests. Although CNTNAP2 expression levels were proposed to alter ASD risk, no study to date has focused on its 5' promoter. Here, we directly sequenced the CNTNAP2 5' promoter region of 236 German families with one child with ASD and detected four novel variants. Furthermore, we genotyped the three most frequent variants (rs150447075, rs34712024, rs71781329) in an additional sample of 356 families and found nominal association of rs34712024G with ASD and rs71781329GCG[7] with language development. The four novel and the three known minor alleles of the identified variants were predicted to alter transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). At the functional level, the respective sequences spanning these seven variants were bound by nuclear factors. In a luciferase promoter assay, the respective minor alleles showed cell line-specific and differentiation stage-dependent effects at the level of promoter activation. The novel potential rare risk-variant M2, a G>A mutation -215 base pairs 5' of the transcriptional start site, significantly reduced promoter efficiency in HEK293T and in undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoid SH-SY5Y cells. This variant was transmitted to a patient with autistic disorder. The under-transmitted, protective minor G allele of the common variant rs34712024, in contrast, increased transcriptional activity. These results lead to the conclusion that the pathomechanism of CNTNAP2 promoter variants on ASD risk is mediated by their effect on TFBSs, and thus confirm the hypothesis that a reduced CNTNAP2 level during neuronal development increases liability for ASD.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Allemagne</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li>
<li>District de Darmstadt</li>
<li>District de Karlsruhe</li>
<li>Hesse (Land)</li>
<li>Rhénanie-Palatinat</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Francfort-sur-le-Main</li>
<li>Heidelberg</li>
<li>Trèves (Allemagne)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université de Trèves</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Allemagne">
<region name="Hesse (Land)">
<name sortKey="Chiocchetti, A G" sort="Chiocchetti, A G" uniqKey="Chiocchetti A" first="A G" last="Chiocchetti">A G Chiocchetti</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Duketis, E" sort="Duketis, E" uniqKey="Duketis E" first="E" last="Duketis">E. Duketis</name>
<name sortKey="Freitag, C M" sort="Freitag, C M" uniqKey="Freitag C" first="C M" last="Freitag">C M Freitag</name>
<name sortKey="Fulda, S" sort="Fulda, S" uniqKey="Fulda S" first="S" last="Fulda">S. Fulda</name>
<name sortKey="Graab, U" sort="Graab, U" uniqKey="Graab U" first="U" last="Graab">U. Graab</name>
<name sortKey="Haslinger, D" sort="Haslinger, D" uniqKey="Haslinger D" first="D" last="Haslinger">D. Haslinger</name>
<name sortKey="Jarczok, T A" sort="Jarczok, T A" uniqKey="Jarczok T" first="T A" last="Jarczok">T A Jarczok</name>
<name sortKey="Klauck, S M" sort="Klauck, S M" uniqKey="Klauck S" first="S M" last="Klauck">S M Klauck</name>
<name sortKey="Kopp, M" sort="Kopp, M" uniqKey="Kopp M" first="M" last="Kopp">M. Kopp</name>
<name sortKey="Meyer, J" sort="Meyer, J" uniqKey="Meyer J" first="J" last="Meyer">J. Meyer</name>
<name sortKey="Poustka, F" sort="Poustka, F" uniqKey="Poustka F" first="F" last="Poustka">F. Poustka</name>
<name sortKey="Voran, A" sort="Voran, A" uniqKey="Voran A" first="A" last="Voran">A. Voran</name>
<name sortKey="Waltes, R" sort="Waltes, R" uniqKey="Waltes R" first="R" last="Waltes">R. Waltes</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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