Fossorial but widespread: the phylogeography of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), and the role of the Po Valley as a major source of genetic variability
Identifieur interne : 001B00 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001A99; suivant : 001B01Fossorial but widespread: the phylogeography of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), and the role of the Po Valley as a major source of genetic variability
Auteurs : Angelica Crottini ; Franco Andreone ; Joachim Kosuch ; Leo J. Borkin ; Spartak N. Litvinchuk ; Christophe Eggert ; Michael VeithSource :
- Molecular Ecology [ 0962-1083 ] ; 2007-07.
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Abstract
Pelobates fuscus is a fossorial amphibian that inhabits much of the European plain areas. To unveil traces of expansion and contraction events of the species’ range, we sequenced 702 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. To infer the population history we applied phylogeographical methods, such as nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA), and used summary statistics to analyse population structure under a neutral model of evolution. Populations were assigned to different drainage systems and we tested hypotheses of explicit refugial models using information from analysis of molecular variance, nucleotide diversity, effective population size estimation, NCPA, mismatch distribution and Bayesian dating. Coalescent simulations were used as post hoc tests for plausibility of derived or a priori assumed biogeographical hypotheses. Our combination of all approaches enabled the reconstruction of the colonization history and phylogeography of P. fuscus and confirmed a previous assumption of the existence of two major genetic lineages within P. fuscus. Using the Afro‐European vicariance of Pelobates cultripes and Pelobates varaldii and applying Bayesian dating we estimated the divergence of these phylogeographical lineages to the Pliocene. We suggest the existence of three different glacial refugia: (i) the area between the Caspian and Black Seas as the origin for the expansion of the ‘eastern lineage’; (ii) the Danube system as a centre of diversity for part of the ‘western lineage’; (iii) the Po Valley, the largest centre of genetic variability. This fits the hypothesis that climatic fluctuation was a key event for differentiation processes in P. fuscus.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03274.x
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Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreone, Franco" sort="Andreone, Franco" uniqKey="Andreone F" first="Franco" last="Andreone">Franco Andreone</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Sezione di Zoologia, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kosuch, Joachim" sort="Kosuch, Joachim" uniqKey="Kosuch J" first="Joachim" last="Kosuch">Joachim Kosuch</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universität Mainz, Institut für Zoologie, Abteilung Ökologie, Saarstraße 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universität Trier, Fachbereich VI Biogeographie, 54286 Trier, Germany,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borkin, Leo J" sort="Borkin, Leo J" uniqKey="Borkin L" first="Leo J." last="Borkin">Leo J. 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Litvinchuk</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eggert, Christophe" sort="Eggert, Christophe" uniqKey="Eggert C" first="Christophe" last="Eggert">Christophe Eggert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université de Savoie, CISM, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac cedex, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veith, Michael" sort="Veith, Michael" uniqKey="Veith M" first="Michael" last="Veith">Michael Veith</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Universität Mainz, Institut für Zoologie, Abteilung Ökologie, Saarstraße 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Present address: Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Molecular Ecology</title><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-294X</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-07">2007-07</date><biblScope unit="volume">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2734">2734</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2754">2754</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno></series><idno type="istex">B0D966A51F945D700D37A46368F0C49630FC5E11</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03274.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MEC3274</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Pelobates</term><term>mismatch distribution</term><term>nucleotide diversity</term><term>phylogeographical analysis</term><term>postglacial range expansion</term><term>summary statistics</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Pelobates fuscus is a fossorial amphibian that inhabits much of the European plain areas. To unveil traces of expansion and contraction events of the species’ range, we sequenced 702 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. To infer the population history we applied phylogeographical methods, such as nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA), and used summary statistics to analyse population structure under a neutral model of evolution. Populations were assigned to different drainage systems and we tested hypotheses of explicit refugial models using information from analysis of molecular variance, nucleotide diversity, effective population size estimation, NCPA, mismatch distribution and Bayesian dating. Coalescent simulations were used as post hoc tests for plausibility of derived or a priori assumed biogeographical hypotheses. Our combination of all approaches enabled the reconstruction of the colonization history and phylogeography of P. fuscus and confirmed a previous assumption of the existence of two major genetic lineages within P. fuscus. Using the Afro‐European vicariance of Pelobates cultripes and Pelobates varaldii and applying Bayesian dating we estimated the divergence of these phylogeographical lineages to the Pliocene. We suggest the existence of three different glacial refugia: (i) the area between the Caspian and Black Seas as the origin for the expansion of the ‘eastern lineage’; (ii) the Danube system as a centre of diversity for part of the ‘western lineage’; (iii) the Po Valley, the largest centre of genetic variability. This fits the hypothesis that climatic fluctuation was a key event for differentiation processes in P. fuscus.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>ANGELICA CROTTINI</name><affiliations><json:string>Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Zoologia e Citologia, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy,</json:string><json:string>Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Sezione di Zoologia, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>FRANCO ANDREONE</name><affiliations><json:string>Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Sezione di Zoologia, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>JOACHIM KOSUCH</name><affiliations><json:string>Universität Mainz, Institut für Zoologie, Abteilung Ökologie, Saarstraße 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany,</json:string><json:string>Universität Trier, Fachbereich VI Biogeographie, 54286 Trier, Germany,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>LEO J. BORKIN</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>SPARTAK N. LITVINCHUK</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>CHRISTOPHE EGGERT</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université de Savoie, CISM, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac cedex, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>MICHAEL VEITH</name><affiliations><json:string>Universität Mainz, Institut für Zoologie, Abteilung Ökologie, Saarstraße 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany,</json:string><json:string>Present address: Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mismatch distribution</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>nucleotide diversity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pelobates</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>phylogeographical analysis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>postglacial range expansion</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>summary statistics</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MEC3274</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Pelobates fuscus is a fossorial amphibian that inhabits much of the European plain areas. To unveil traces of expansion and contraction events of the species’ range, we sequenced 702 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. To infer the population history we applied phylogeographical methods, such as nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA), and used summary statistics to analyse population structure under a neutral model of evolution. Populations were assigned to different drainage systems and we tested hypotheses of explicit refugial models using information from analysis of molecular variance, nucleotide diversity, effective population size estimation, NCPA, mismatch distribution and Bayesian dating. Coalescent simulations were used as post hoc tests for plausibility of derived or a priori assumed biogeographical hypotheses. Our combination of all approaches enabled the reconstruction of the colonization history and phylogeography of P. fuscus and confirmed a previous assumption of the existence of two major genetic lineages within P. fuscus. Using the Afro‐European vicariance of Pelobates cultripes and Pelobates varaldii and applying Bayesian dating we estimated the divergence of these phylogeographical lineages to the Pliocene. We suggest the existence of three different glacial refugia: (i) the area between the Caspian and Black Seas as the origin for the expansion of the ‘eastern lineage’; (ii) the Danube system as a centre of diversity for part of the ‘western lineage’; (iii) the Po Valley, the largest centre of genetic variability. This fits the hypothesis that climatic fluctuation was a key event for differentiation processes in P. fuscus.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.44</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.206 x 782.408 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1685</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>10818</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>71491</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>21</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>245</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Fossorial but widespread: the phylogeography of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), and the role of the Po Valley as a major source of genetic variability</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>F Andreone</name></json:item><json:item><name>R Fortina</name></json:item><json:item><name>A Chiminello</name></json:item></author><host><volume>2</volume><pages><last>96</last><first>1</first></pages><author></author><title>Società Zoologica ‘la Torbiera’. 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biology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2007</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2007</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03274.x</json:string></doi><id>B0D966A51F945D700D37A46368F0C49630FC5E11</id><score>0.4610959</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B0D966A51F945D700D37A46368F0C49630FC5E11/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B0D966A51F945D700D37A46368F0C49630FC5E11/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/B0D966A51F945D700D37A46368F0C49630FC5E11/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Fossorial but widespread: the phylogeography of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), and the role of the Po Valley as a major source of genetic variability</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2007</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Fossorial but widespread: the phylogeography of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), and the role of the Po Valley as a major source of genetic variability</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">ANGELICA</forename><surname>CROTTINI</surname></persName><affiliation>Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Zoologia e Citologia, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy,</affiliation><affiliation>Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Sezione di Zoologia, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">FRANCO</forename><surname>ANDREONE</surname></persName><affiliation>Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Sezione di Zoologia, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">JOACHIM</forename><surname>KOSUCH</surname></persName><affiliation>Universität Mainz, Institut für Zoologie, Abteilung Ökologie, Saarstraße 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany,</affiliation><affiliation>Universität Trier, Fachbereich VI Biogeographie, 54286 Trier, Germany,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">LEO J.</forename><surname>BORKIN</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">SPARTAK N.</forename><surname>LITVINCHUK</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">CHRISTOPHE</forename><surname>EGGERT</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université de Savoie, CISM, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac cedex, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">MICHAEL</forename><surname>VEITH</surname></persName><affiliation>Universität Mainz, Institut für Zoologie, Abteilung Ökologie, Saarstraße 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany,</affiliation><affiliation>Present address: Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Molecular Ecology</title><idno type="pISSN">0962-1083</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-294X</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-07"></date><biblScope unit="volume">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2734">2734</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2754">2754</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">B0D966A51F945D700D37A46368F0C49630FC5E11</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03274.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MEC3274</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2007</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pelobates fuscus is a fossorial amphibian that inhabits much of the European plain areas. To unveil traces of expansion and contraction events of the species’ range, we sequenced 702 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. To infer the population history we applied phylogeographical methods, such as nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA), and used summary statistics to analyse population structure under a neutral model of evolution. Populations were assigned to different drainage systems and we tested hypotheses of explicit refugial models using information from analysis of molecular variance, nucleotide diversity, effective population size estimation, NCPA, mismatch distribution and Bayesian dating. Coalescent simulations were used as post hoc tests for plausibility of derived or a priori assumed biogeographical hypotheses. Our combination of all approaches enabled the reconstruction of the colonization history and phylogeography of P. fuscus and confirmed a previous assumption of the existence of two major genetic lineages within P. fuscus. Using the Afro‐European vicariance of Pelobates cultripes and Pelobates varaldii and applying Bayesian dating we estimated the divergence of these phylogeographical lineages to the Pliocene. We suggest the existence of three different glacial refugia: (i) the area between the Caspian and Black Seas as the origin for the expansion of the ‘eastern lineage’; (ii) the Danube system as a centre of diversity for part of the ‘western lineage’; (iii) the Po Valley, the largest centre of genetic variability. 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CROTTINI <i>ET AL.</i></title><title type="short">PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE COMMON SPADEFOOT TOAD</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2"><personName><givenNames>ANGELICA</givenNames><familyName>CROTTINI</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>FRANCO</givenNames><familyName>ANDREONE</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3 #a7"><personName><givenNames>JOACHIM</givenNames><familyName>KOSUCH</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>LEO J.</givenNames><familyName>BORKIN</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a5"><personName><givenNames>SPARTAK N.</givenNames><familyName>LITVINCHUK</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a6"><personName><givenNames>CHRISTOPHE</givenNames><familyName>EGGERT</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a3 #a8"><personName><givenNames>MICHAEL</givenNames><familyName>VEITH</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="IT"><unparsedAffiliation>Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Zoologia e Citologia, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="IT"><unparsedAffiliation>Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Sezione di Zoologia, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Universität Mainz, Institut für Zoologie, Abteilung Ökologie, Saarstraße 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a7" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Universität Trier, Fachbereich VI Biogeographie, 54286 Trier, Germany,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="RU"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="RU"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a6" countryCode="FR"><unparsedAffiliation>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université de Savoie, CISM, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac cedex, France,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a8" countryCode="NL"><unparsedAffiliation>Present address: Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">mismatch distribution</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">nucleotide diversity</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3"><i>Pelobates</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">phylogeographical analysis</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">postglacial range expansion</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">summary statistics </keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p> <i>Pelobates fuscus</i> is a fossorial amphibian that inhabits much of the European plain areas. To unveil traces of expansion and contraction events of the species’ range, we sequenced 702 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome <i>b</i> gene. To infer the population history we applied phylogeographical methods, such as nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA), and used summary statistics to analyse population structure under a neutral model of evolution. Populations were assigned to different drainage systems and we tested hypotheses of explicit refugial models using information from analysis of molecular variance, nucleotide diversity, effective population size estimation, NCPA, mismatch distribution and Bayesian dating. Coalescent simulations were used as <i>post hoc</i> tests for plausibility of derived or <i>a priori</i> assumed biogeographical hypotheses. Our combination of all approaches enabled the reconstruction of the colonization history and phylogeography of <i>P. fuscus</i> and confirmed a previous assumption of the existence of two major genetic lineages within <i>P. fuscus</i>. Using the Afro‐European vicariance of <i>Pelobates cultripes</i> and <i>Pelobates varaldii</i> and applying Bayesian dating we estimated the divergence of these phylogeographical lineages to the Pliocene. We suggest the existence of three different glacial refugia: (i) the area between the Caspian and Black Seas as the origin for the expansion of the ‘eastern lineage’; (ii) the Danube system as a centre of diversity for part of the ‘western lineage’; (iii) the Po Valley, the largest centre of genetic variability. 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Giolitti, 36, 10123 Torino, Italy,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">FRANCO</namePart><namePart type="family">ANDREONE</namePart><affiliation>Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Sezione di Zoologia, Via G. 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To unveil traces of expansion and contraction events of the species’ range, we sequenced 702 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. To infer the population history we applied phylogeographical methods, such as nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA), and used summary statistics to analyse population structure under a neutral model of evolution. Populations were assigned to different drainage systems and we tested hypotheses of explicit refugial models using information from analysis of molecular variance, nucleotide diversity, effective population size estimation, NCPA, mismatch distribution and Bayesian dating. Coalescent simulations were used as post hoc tests for plausibility of derived or a priori assumed biogeographical hypotheses. Our combination of all approaches enabled the reconstruction of the colonization history and phylogeography of P. fuscus and confirmed a previous assumption of the existence of two major genetic lineages within P. fuscus. Using the Afro‐European vicariance of Pelobates cultripes and Pelobates varaldii and applying Bayesian dating we estimated the divergence of these phylogeographical lineages to the Pliocene. We suggest the existence of three different glacial refugia: (i) the area between the Caspian and Black Seas as the origin for the expansion of the ‘eastern lineage’; (ii) the Danube system as a centre of diversity for part of the ‘western lineage’; (iii) the Po Valley, the largest centre of genetic variability. This fits the hypothesis that climatic fluctuation was a key event for differentiation processes in P. fuscus.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>mismatch distribution</topic><topic>nucleotide diversity</topic><topic>Pelobates</topic><topic>phylogeographical analysis</topic><topic>postglacial range expansion</topic><topic>summary statistics</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Molecular Ecology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0962-1083</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-294X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">MEC</identifier><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2734</start><end>2754</end><total>21</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">B0D966A51F945D700D37A46368F0C49630FC5E11</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03274.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">MEC3274</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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