Sea ice production and water mass modification in the eastern Laptev Sea
Identifieur interne : 001A94 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001A93; suivant : 001A95Sea ice production and water mass modification in the eastern Laptev Sea
Auteurs : T. Krumpen ; J. A. Hölemann ; S. Willmes ; M. A. Morales Maqueda ; T. Busche ; I. A. Dmitrenko ; R. Gerdes ; C. Haas ; G. Heinemann ; S. Hendricks ; H. Kassens ; L. Rabenstein ; D. SchröderSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2011-05.
Abstract
A simple polynya flux model driven by standard atmospheric forcing is used to investigate the ice formation that took place during an exceptionally strong and consistent western New Siberian (WNS) polynya event in 2004 in the Laptev Sea. Whether formation rates are high enough to erode the stratification of the water column beneath is examined by adding the brine released during the 2004 polynya event to the average winter density stratification of the water body, preconditioned by summers with a cyclonic atmospheric forcing (comparatively weakly stratified water column). Beforehand, the model performance is tested through a simulation of a well‐documented event in April 2008. Neglecting the replenishment of water masses by advection into the polynya area, we find the probability for the occurrence of density‐driven convection down to the bottom to be low. Our findings can be explained by the distinct vertical density gradient that characterizes the area of the WNS polynya and the apparent lack of extreme events in the eastern Laptev Sea. The simple approach is expected to be sufficiently rigorous, since the simulated event is exceptionally strong and consistent, the ice production and salt rejection rates are likely to be overestimated, and the amount of salt rejected is distrusted over a comparatively weakly stratified water column. We conclude that the observed erosion of the halocline and formation of vertically mixed water layers during a WNS polynya event is therefore predominantly related to wind‐ and tidally driven turbulent mixing processes.
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DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006545
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Krumpen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: thomas.krumpen@awi.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holemann, J A" sort="Holemann, J A" uniqKey="Holemann J" first="J. A." last="Hölemann">J. A. Hölemann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Observational Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willmes, S" sort="Willmes, S" uniqKey="Willmes S" first="S." last="Willmes">S. Willmes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morales Maqueda, M A" sort="Morales Maqueda, M A" uniqKey="Morales Maqueda M" first="M. A." last="Morales Maqueda">M. A. Morales Maqueda</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Busche, T" sort="Busche, T" uniqKey="Busche T" first="T." last="Busche">T. Busche</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center, Wesseling, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dmitrenko, I A" sort="Dmitrenko, I A" uniqKey="Dmitrenko I" first="I. A." last="Dmitrenko">I. A. Dmitrenko</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerdes, R" sort="Gerdes, R" uniqKey="Gerdes R" first="R." last="Gerdes">R. Gerdes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, C" sort="Haas, C" uniqKey="Haas C" first="C." last="Haas">C. Haas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heinemann, G" sort="Heinemann, G" uniqKey="Heinemann G" first="G." last="Heinemann">G. Heinemann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hendricks, S" sort="Hendricks, S" uniqKey="Hendricks S" first="S." last="Hendricks">S. Hendricks</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kassens, H" sort="Kassens, H" uniqKey="Kassens H" first="H." last="Kassens">H. Kassens</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rabenstein, L" sort="Rabenstein, L" uniqKey="Rabenstein L" first="L." last="Rabenstein">L. Rabenstein</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, D" sort="Schroder, D" uniqKey="Schroder D" first="D." last="Schröder">D. Schröder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2011-05">2011-05</date><biblScope unit="volume">116</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">C5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series><idno type="istex">206522DCCE54ECB1D189FF2E13DBE4DDB4F8AFA2</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2010JC006545</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2010JC006545</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">A simple polynya flux model driven by standard atmospheric forcing is used to investigate the ice formation that took place during an exceptionally strong and consistent western New Siberian (WNS) polynya event in 2004 in the Laptev Sea. Whether formation rates are high enough to erode the stratification of the water column beneath is examined by adding the brine released during the 2004 polynya event to the average winter density stratification of the water body, preconditioned by summers with a cyclonic atmospheric forcing (comparatively weakly stratified water column). Beforehand, the model performance is tested through a simulation of a well‐documented event in April 2008. Neglecting the replenishment of water masses by advection into the polynya area, we find the probability for the occurrence of density‐driven convection down to the bottom to be low. Our findings can be explained by the distinct vertical density gradient that characterizes the area of the WNS polynya and the apparent lack of extreme events in the eastern Laptev Sea. The simple approach is expected to be sufficiently rigorous, since the simulated event is exceptionally strong and consistent, the ice production and salt rejection rates are likely to be overestimated, and the amount of salt rejected is distrusted over a comparatively weakly stratified water column. We conclude that the observed erosion of the halocline and formation of vertically mixed water layers during a WNS polynya event is therefore predominantly related to wind‐ and tidally driven turbulent mixing processes.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>T. Krumpen</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: thomas.krumpen@awi.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. A. Hölemann</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Observational Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Willmes</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. A. Morales Maqueda</name><affiliations><json:string>National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T. Busche</name><affiliations><json:string>Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center, Wesseling, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I. A. Dmitrenko</name><affiliations><json:string>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. Gerdes</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. Haas</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Heinemann</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Hendricks</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. Kassens</name><affiliations><json:string>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L. Rabenstein</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Schröder</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>polynya</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>flux model</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Laptev Sea</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ice production</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>2010JC006545</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><qualityIndicators><score>8.404</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1576</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>12488</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>72263</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>17</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>242</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Sea ice production and water mass modification in the eastern Laptev Sea</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>K. 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A.</forename><surname>Hölemann</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Observational Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Willmes</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">M. A.</forename><surname>Morales Maqueda</surname></persName><affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">T.</forename><surname>Busche</surname></persName><affiliation>Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center, Wesseling, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">I. A.</forename><surname>Dmitrenko</surname></persName><affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Gerdes</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-8"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Haas</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-9"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Heinemann</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-10"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Hendricks</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-11"><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Kassens</surname></persName><affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-12"><persName><forename type="first">L.</forename><surname>Rabenstein</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-13"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Schröder</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="pISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202c</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2011-05"></date><biblScope unit="volume">116</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">C5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">206522DCCE54ECB1D189FF2E13DBE4DDB4F8AFA2</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2010JC006545</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2010JC006545</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>A simple polynya flux model driven by standard atmospheric forcing is used to investigate the ice formation that took place during an exceptionally strong and consistent western New Siberian (WNS) polynya event in 2004 in the Laptev Sea. Whether formation rates are high enough to erode the stratification of the water column beneath is examined by adding the brine released during the 2004 polynya event to the average winter density stratification of the water body, preconditioned by summers with a cyclonic atmospheric forcing (comparatively weakly stratified water column). Beforehand, the model performance is tested through a simulation of a well‐documented event in April 2008. Neglecting the replenishment of water masses by advection into the polynya area, we find the probability for the occurrence of density‐driven convection down to the bottom to be low. Our findings can be explained by the distinct vertical density gradient that characterizes the area of the WNS polynya and the apparent lack of extreme events in the eastern Laptev Sea. The simple approach is expected to be sufficiently rigorous, since the simulated event is exceptionally strong and consistent, the ice production and salt rejection rates are likely to be overestimated, and the amount of salt rejected is distrusted over a comparatively weakly stratified water column. We conclude that the observed erosion of the halocline and formation of vertically mixed water layers during a WNS polynya event is therefore predominantly related to wind‐ and tidally driven turbulent mixing processes.</p></abstract><abstract style="short"><p>The probability for the occurrence of density‐driven convection down to the bott This is the consequence of the distinct vertical density gradient and a lack of Wind‐ and tidally driven turbulent mixing processes prevail</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>polynya</term></item><item><term>flux model</term></item><item><term>Laptev Sea</term></item><item><term>ice production</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>index-terms</head><item><term>CRYOSPHERE</term></item><item><term>Polynas</term></item><item><term>Modeling</term></item><item><term>Remote sensing</term></item><item><term>Dynamics</term></item><item><term>INFORMATICS</term></item><item><term>Modeling</term></item><item><term>NATURAL HAZARDS</term></item><item><term>Physical modeling</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</term></item><item><term>Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-07-22">Received</change><change when="2011-03-02">Registration</change><change when="2011-05">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/206522DCCE54ECB1D189FF2E13DBE4DDB4F8AFA2/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="jgrc11852"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202c</doi><issn type="print">0148-0227</issn><issn type="electronic">2156-2202</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JGRC"></id><id type="coden" value="JGREA2"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: OCEANS">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title><title type="short">J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="50"><doi>10.1002/jgrc.v116.C5</doi><idGroup><id type="focusSection" value="3"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="focusSection" xml:lang="en">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title></titleGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="116">116</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">C5</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-05">May 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="100" type="article" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1029/2010JC006545</doi><idGroup><id type="editorialOffice" value="2010JC006545"></id><id type="society" value="C05014"></id><id type="unit" value="JGRC11852"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="17"></count></countGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2010-07-22"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2011-01-05"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2011-03-02"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-05-21"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2011-05-21"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="SPi Global Converter:AGUv3.44_TO_WileyML3Gv1.0.3 version:1.1; AGU2WileyML3G Final Clean Up v1.0; WileyML 3G Packaging Tool v1.0" date="2012-12-18"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">n/a</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">n/a</numbering></numberingGroup><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0752">Polynas</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0798">Modeling</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0758">Remote sensing</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0774">Dynamics</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1900">INFORMATICS</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1952">Modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4300">NATURAL HAZARDS</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4316">Physical modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4540">Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes</subject></subjectInfo></subjectInfo><selfCitationGroup><citation xml:id="jgrc11852-cit-0000" type="self"><author><familyName>Krumpen</familyName>, <givenNames>T.</givenNames></author>, et al. (<pubYear year="2011">2011</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Sea ice production and water mass modification in the eastern Laptev Sea</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>J. Geophys. Res.</journalTitle>, <vol>116</vol>, C05014, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2010JC006545">10.1029/2010JC006545</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRC.JGRC11852.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="wordTotal" number="14000"></count><count type="figureTotal" number="14"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Sea ice production and water mass modification in the eastern Laptev Sea</title><title type="short">POLYNYA DENSE WATER FORMATION</title><title type="shortAuthors">Krumpen <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>T.</givenNames> <familyName>Krumpen</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="thomas.krumpen@awi.de">thomas.krumpen@awi.de</email></contactDetails></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>J. A.</givenNames> <familyName>Hölemann</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames> <familyName>Willmes</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0004" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>M. A.</givenNames> <familyName>Morales Maqueda</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0005" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0005"><personName><givenNames>T.</givenNames> <familyName>Busche</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0006" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0006"><personName><givenNames>I. A.</givenNames> <familyName>Dmitrenko</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0007" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>R.</givenNames> <familyName>Gerdes</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0008" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0007"><personName><givenNames>C.</givenNames> <familyName>Haas</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0009" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>G.</givenNames> <familyName>Heinemann</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0010" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames> <familyName>Hendricks</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0011" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0006"><personName><givenNames>H.</givenNames> <familyName>Kassens</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0012" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0008"><personName><givenNames>L.</givenNames> <familyName>Rabenstein</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11852-cr-0013" affiliationRef="#jgrc11852-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>D.</givenNames> <familyName>Schröder</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11852-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Sea Ice Physics</orgDiv><orgName>Alfred Wegener Institute</orgName><address><city>Bremerhaven</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11852-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Observational Oceanography</orgDiv><orgName>Alfred Wegener Institute</orgName><address><city>Bremerhaven</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11852-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Department of Environmental Meteorology</orgDiv><orgName>University of Trier</orgName><address><city>Trier</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="GB" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11852-aff-0004"><orgName>National Oceanography Centre</orgName><address><city>Liverpool</city><country>UK</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11852-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Microwave and Radar Institute</orgDiv><orgName>German Aerospace Center</orgName><address><city>Wesseling</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11852-aff-0006"><orgDiv>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>University of Kiel</orgName><address><city>Kiel</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11852-aff-0007"><orgDiv>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>University of Alberta</orgName><address><city>Edmonton, Alberta</city><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CH" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11852-aff-0008"><orgDiv>Institute of Geophysics</orgDiv><orgName>ETH Zurich</orgName><address><city>Zurich</city><country>Switzerland</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrc11852-kwd-0001">polynya</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc11852-kwd-0002">flux model</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc11852-kwd-0003">Laptev Sea</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc11852-kwd-0004">ice production</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc11852:jgrc11852-sup-0001-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="jgrc11852-para-0001" label="1">A simple polynya flux model driven by standard atmospheric forcing is used to investigate the ice formation that took place during an exceptionally strong and consistent western New Siberian (WNS) polynya event in 2004 in the Laptev Sea. Whether formation rates are high enough to erode the stratification of the water column beneath is examined by adding the brine released during the 2004 polynya event to the average winter density stratification of the water body, preconditioned by summers with a cyclonic atmospheric forcing (comparatively weakly stratified water column). Beforehand, the model performance is tested through a simulation of a well‐documented event in April 2008. Neglecting the replenishment of water masses by advection into the polynya area, we find the probability for the occurrence of density‐driven convection down to the bottom to be low. Our findings can be explained by the distinct vertical density gradient that characterizes the area of the WNS polynya and the apparent lack of extreme events in the eastern Laptev Sea. The simple approach is expected to be sufficiently rigorous, since the simulated event is exceptionally strong and consistent, the ice production and salt rejection rates are likely to be overestimated, and the amount of salt rejected is distrusted over a comparatively weakly stratified water column. We conclude that the observed erosion of the halocline and formation of vertically mixed water layers during a WNS polynya event is therefore predominantly related to wind‐ and tidally driven turbulent mixing processes.</p></abstract><abstract type="short"><title type="main">Key Points</title><p xml:id="jgrc11852-para-0002"><list style="bulleted"><listItem>The probability for the occurrence of density‐driven convection down to the bott</listItem><listItem>This is the consequence of the distinct vertical density gradient and a lack of</listItem><listItem>Wind‐ and tidally driven turbulent mixing processes prevail</listItem></list></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Sea ice production and water mass modification in the eastern Laptev Sea</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>POLYNYA DENSE WATER FORMATION</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Sea ice production and water mass modification in the eastern Laptev Sea</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Krumpen</namePart><affiliation>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: thomas.krumpen@awi.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hölemann</namePart><affiliation>Department of Observational Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Willmes</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Morales Maqueda</namePart><affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Busche</namePart><affiliation>Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center, Wesseling, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dmitrenko</namePart><affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gerdes</namePart><affiliation>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Haas</namePart><affiliation>Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Heinemann</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hendricks</namePart><affiliation>Department of Sea Ice Physics, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kassens</namePart><affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rabenstein</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schröder</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-05</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-07-22</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2011-03-02</dateValid><edition>Krumpen, T., et al. (2011), Sea ice production and water mass modification in the eastern Laptev Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C05014, doi:10.1029/2010JC006545.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">14</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="words">14000</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>A simple polynya flux model driven by standard atmospheric forcing is used to investigate the ice formation that took place during an exceptionally strong and consistent western New Siberian (WNS) polynya event in 2004 in the Laptev Sea. Whether formation rates are high enough to erode the stratification of the water column beneath is examined by adding the brine released during the 2004 polynya event to the average winter density stratification of the water body, preconditioned by summers with a cyclonic atmospheric forcing (comparatively weakly stratified water column). Beforehand, the model performance is tested through a simulation of a well‐documented event in April 2008. Neglecting the replenishment of water masses by advection into the polynya area, we find the probability for the occurrence of density‐driven convection down to the bottom to be low. Our findings can be explained by the distinct vertical density gradient that characterizes the area of the WNS polynya and the apparent lack of extreme events in the eastern Laptev Sea. The simple approach is expected to be sufficiently rigorous, since the simulated event is exceptionally strong and consistent, the ice production and salt rejection rates are likely to be overestimated, and the amount of salt rejected is distrusted over a comparatively weakly stratified water column. We conclude that the observed erosion of the halocline and formation of vertically mixed water layers during a WNS polynya event is therefore predominantly related to wind‐ and tidally driven turbulent mixing processes.</abstract><abstract type="short">The probability for the occurrence of density‐driven convection down to the bott This is the consequence of the distinct vertical density gradient and a lack of Wind‐ and tidally driven turbulent mixing processes prevail</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Tab‐delimited Table 1.</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>polynya</topic><topic>flux model</topic><topic>Laptev Sea</topic><topic>ice production</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0752">Polynas</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0798">Modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0758">Remote sensing</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0774">Dynamics</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1900">INFORMATICS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1952">Modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4300">NATURAL HAZARDS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4316">Physical modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4540">Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0148-0227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2156-2202</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202c</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">JGREA2</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRC</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>116</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>C5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>17</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">206522DCCE54ECB1D189FF2E13DBE4DDB4F8AFA2</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2010JC006545</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2010JC006545</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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