Situational effects in trait assessment: The FPI, NEOFFI, and EPI questionnaires
Identifieur interne : 001943 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001942; suivant : 001944Situational effects in trait assessment: The FPI, NEOFFI, and EPI questionnaires
Auteurs : Renate Deinzer ; Rolf Steyer ; Michael Eid ; Peter Notz ; Peter Schwenkmezger ; Fritz Ostendorf ; Aljoscha NeubauerSource :
- European Journal of Personality [ 0890-2070 ] ; 1995-03.
Abstract
While most researchers do agree now that situations may have an effect in the assessment of traits, the consequences have been neglected, so far: if situations affect the assessment of traits we have to take this fact into account in studies on reliability and validity of measurement instruments and their application. In the theoretical part of this article we provide a more formal exposition of this point, introducing the basic concepts of latent state–trait (LST) theory. LST theory and the associated models allow for the estimation of the situational impact on trait measures in non‐experimental, correlational studies. In the empirical part, LST theory is applied to three well known trait questionnaires: the Freiburg Personality Inventory, the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. It is shown that significant proportions of the variances of the scales of these questionnaires are due to situational effects. The following consequences of this finding are discussed, (i) Instead of the reliability coefficient, the proportion of variance due to the latent trait, the consistency coefficient, should be used for the estimation of confidence intervals for trait scores, (ii) To reduce the situational effects on trait estimates it may be useful to base such an estimate on several occasions, i.e., to aggregate data across occasions. (iii) Reliability and validity studies should not only be based on a sample of persons representative of those to whom the test will be applied; they should also be conducted in situational contexts representative of the intended applications.
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DOI: 10.1002/per.2410090102
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Situational effects in trait assessment: The FPI, NEOFFI, and EPI questionnaires</title><author><name sortKey="Deinzer, Renate" sort="Deinzer, Renate" uniqKey="Deinzer R" first="Renate" last="Deinzer">Renate Deinzer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Institute for Medical Psychology, Postfach 10 10 07, D‐40001 Düsseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steyer, Rolf" sort="Steyer, Rolf" uniqKey="Steyer R" first="Rolf" last="Steyer">Rolf Steyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eid, Michael" sort="Eid, Michael" uniqKey="Eid M" first="Michael" last="Eid">Michael Eid</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Notz, Peter" sort="Notz, Peter" uniqKey="Notz P" first="Peter" last="Notz">Peter Notz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwenkmezger, Peter" sort="Schwenkmezger, Peter" uniqKey="Schwenkmezger P" first="Peter" last="Schwenkmezger">Peter Schwenkmezger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, Fritz" sort="Ostendorf, Fritz" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="Fritz" last="Ostendorf">Fritz Ostendorf</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Landau, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neubauer, Aljoscha" sort="Neubauer, Aljoscha" uniqKey="Neubauer A" first="Aljoscha" last="Neubauer">Aljoscha Neubauer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Graz, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:71A1E1F8E9F1CB597FAFFBCC0C3F5678DEA03C94</idno><date when="1995" year="1995">1995</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/per.2410090102</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/71A1E1F8E9F1CB597FAFFBCC0C3F5678DEA03C94/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001943</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001943</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Situational effects in trait assessment: The FPI, NEOFFI, and EPI questionnaires</title><author><name sortKey="Deinzer, Renate" sort="Deinzer, Renate" uniqKey="Deinzer R" first="Renate" last="Deinzer">Renate Deinzer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Institute for Medical Psychology, Postfach 10 10 07, D‐40001 Düsseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steyer, Rolf" sort="Steyer, Rolf" uniqKey="Steyer R" first="Rolf" last="Steyer">Rolf Steyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eid, Michael" sort="Eid, Michael" uniqKey="Eid M" first="Michael" last="Eid">Michael Eid</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Notz, Peter" sort="Notz, Peter" uniqKey="Notz P" first="Peter" last="Notz">Peter Notz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwenkmezger, Peter" sort="Schwenkmezger, Peter" uniqKey="Schwenkmezger P" first="Peter" last="Schwenkmezger">Peter Schwenkmezger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, Fritz" sort="Ostendorf, Fritz" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="Fritz" last="Ostendorf">Fritz Ostendorf</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Landau, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neubauer, Aljoscha" sort="Neubauer, Aljoscha" uniqKey="Neubauer A" first="Aljoscha" last="Neubauer">Aljoscha Neubauer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Graz, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">European Journal of Personality</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Eur. J. Pers.</title><idno type="ISSN">0890-2070</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-0984</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1995-03">1995-03</date><biblScope unit="volume">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="23">23</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0890-2070</idno></series><idno type="istex">71A1E1F8E9F1CB597FAFFBCC0C3F5678DEA03C94</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/per.2410090102</idno><idno type="ArticleID">PER2410090102</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0890-2070</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">While most researchers do agree now that situations may have an effect in the assessment of traits, the consequences have been neglected, so far: if situations affect the assessment of traits we have to take this fact into account in studies on reliability and validity of measurement instruments and their application. In the theoretical part of this article we provide a more formal exposition of this point, introducing the basic concepts of latent state–trait (LST) theory. LST theory and the associated models allow for the estimation of the situational impact on trait measures in non‐experimental, correlational studies. In the empirical part, LST theory is applied to three well known trait questionnaires: the Freiburg Personality Inventory, the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. It is shown that significant proportions of the variances of the scales of these questionnaires are due to situational effects. The following consequences of this finding are discussed, (i) Instead of the reliability coefficient, the proportion of variance due to the latent trait, the consistency coefficient, should be used for the estimation of confidence intervals for trait scores, (ii) To reduce the situational effects on trait estimates it may be useful to base such an estimate on several occasions, i.e., to aggregate data across occasions. (iii) Reliability and validity studies should not only be based on a sample of persons representative of those to whom the test will be applied; they should also be conducted in situational contexts representative of the intended applications.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Renate Deinzer</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Düsseldorf, Germany</json:string><json:string>University of Düsseldorf, Institute for Medical Psychology, Postfach 10 10 07, D‐40001 Düsseldorf, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Rolf Steyer</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Michael Eid</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Peter Notz</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Peter Schwenkmezger</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Fritz Ostendorf</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Landau, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Aljoscha Neubauer</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Graz, Austria</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>PER2410090102</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>While most researchers do agree now that situations may have an effect in the assessment of traits, the consequences have been neglected, so far: if situations affect the assessment of traits we have to take this fact into account in studies on reliability and validity of measurement instruments and their application. In the theoretical part of this article we provide a more formal exposition of this point, introducing the basic concepts of latent state–trait (LST) theory. LST theory and the associated models allow for the estimation of the situational impact on trait measures in non‐experimental, correlational studies. In the empirical part, LST theory is applied to three well known trait questionnaires: the Freiburg Personality Inventory, the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. It is shown that significant proportions of the variances of the scales of these questionnaires are due to situational effects. The following consequences of this finding are discussed, (i) Instead of the reliability coefficient, the proportion of variance due to the latent trait, the consistency coefficient, should be used for the estimation of confidence intervals for trait scores, (ii) To reduce the situational effects on trait estimates it may be useful to base such an estimate on several occasions, i.e., to aggregate data across occasions. (iii) Reliability and validity studies should not only be based on a sample of persons representative of those to whom the test will be applied; they should also be conducted in situational contexts representative of the intended applications.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.964</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>450 x 702 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1614</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>8893</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>55968</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>23</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>247</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Situational effects in trait assessment: The FPI, NEOFFI, and EPI questionnaires</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>A. 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Fröger</name></json:item></author><host><volume>16</volume><pages><last>731</last><first>715</first></pages><author></author><title>Personality and Individual Differences</title></host><title>The Big Five as tendencies in situations</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>9</volume><publisherId><json:string>PER</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>23</total><last>23</last><first>1</first></pages><issn><json:string>0890-2070</json:string></issn><issue>1</issue><subject><json:item><value>Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1099-0984</json:string></eissn><title>European Journal of Personality</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0984</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>social science</json:string><json:string>psychology, social</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>psychology & cognitive sciences</json:string><json:string>social psychology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>1995</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1995</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/per.2410090102</json:string></doi><id>71A1E1F8E9F1CB597FAFFBCC0C3F5678DEA03C94</id><score>1.0782802</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/71A1E1F8E9F1CB597FAFFBCC0C3F5678DEA03C94/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/71A1E1F8E9F1CB597FAFFBCC0C3F5678DEA03C94/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/71A1E1F8E9F1CB597FAFFBCC0C3F5678DEA03C94/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Situational effects in trait assessment: The FPI, NEOFFI, and EPI questionnaires</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</p></availability><date>1995</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Situational effects in trait assessment: The FPI, NEOFFI, and EPI questionnaires</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Renate</forename><surname>Deinzer</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Institute for Medical Psychology, Postfach 10 10 07, D‐40001 Düsseldorf, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Rolf</forename><surname>Steyer</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Michael</forename><surname>Eid</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Peter</forename><surname>Notz</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Peter</forename><surname>Schwenkmezger</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Fritz</forename><surname>Ostendorf</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Landau, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Aljoscha</forename><surname>Neubauer</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Graz, Austria</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">European Journal of Personality</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Eur. J. Pers.</title><idno type="pISSN">0890-2070</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-0984</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0984</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1995-03"></date><biblScope unit="volume">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="23">23</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">71A1E1F8E9F1CB597FAFFBCC0C3F5678DEA03C94</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/per.2410090102</idno><idno type="ArticleID">PER2410090102</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1995</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>While most researchers do agree now that situations may have an effect in the assessment of traits, the consequences have been neglected, so far: if situations affect the assessment of traits we have to take this fact into account in studies on reliability and validity of measurement instruments and their application. In the theoretical part of this article we provide a more formal exposition of this point, introducing the basic concepts of latent state–trait (LST) theory. LST theory and the associated models allow for the estimation of the situational impact on trait measures in non‐experimental, correlational studies. In the empirical part, LST theory is applied to three well known trait questionnaires: the Freiburg Personality Inventory, the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. It is shown that significant proportions of the variances of the scales of these questionnaires are due to situational effects. The following consequences of this finding are discussed, (i) Instead of the reliability coefficient, the proportion of variance due to the latent trait, the consistency coefficient, should be used for the estimation of confidence intervals for trait scores, (ii) To reduce the situational effects on trait estimates it may be useful to base such an estimate on several occasions, i.e., to aggregate data across occasions. (iii) Reliability and validity studies should not only be based on a sample of persons representative of those to whom the test will be applied; they should also be conducted in situational contexts representative of the intended applications.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1994-10-14">Received</change><change when="1994-11-21">Registration</change><change when="1995-03">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/71A1E1F8E9F1CB597FAFFBCC0C3F5678DEA03C94/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisherName><publisherLoc>Chichester, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0984</doi><issn type="print">0890-2070</issn><issn type="electronic">1099-0984</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="PER"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY">European Journal of Personality</title><title type="short">Eur. 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In the theoretical part of this article we provide a more formal exposition of this point, introducing the basic concepts of latent state–trait (LST) theory. LST theory and the associated models allow for the estimation of the situational impact on trait measures in non‐experimental, correlational studies. In the empirical part, LST theory is applied to three well known trait questionnaires: the Freiburg Personality Inventory, the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. It is shown that significant proportions of the variances of the scales of these questionnaires are due to situational effects. The following consequences of this finding are discussed, (i) Instead of the reliability coefficient, the proportion of variance due to the latent trait, the consistency coefficient, should be used for the estimation of confidence intervals for trait scores, (ii) To reduce the situational effects on trait estimates it may be useful to base such an estimate on several occasions, i.e., to aggregate data across occasions. (iii) Reliability and validity studies should not only be based on a sample of persons representative of those to whom the test will be applied; they should also be conducted in situational contexts representative of the intended applications.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Situational effects in trait assessment: The FPI, NEOFFI, and EPI questionnaires</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Situational effects in trait assessment</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Situational effects in trait assessment: The FPI, NEOFFI, and EPI questionnaires</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Renate</namePart><namePart type="family">Deinzer</namePart><affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Institute for Medical Psychology, Postfach 10 10 07, D‐40001 Düsseldorf, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rolf</namePart><namePart type="family">Steyer</namePart><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michael</namePart><namePart type="family">Eid</namePart><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Notz</namePart><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Schwenkmezger</namePart><affiliation>University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Fritz</namePart><namePart type="family">Ostendorf</namePart><affiliation>University of Landau, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Aljoscha</namePart><namePart type="family">Neubauer</namePart><affiliation>University of Graz, Austria</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1995-03</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">1994-10-14</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">1994-11-21</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1995</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="tables">6</extent><extent unit="references">50</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">While most researchers do agree now that situations may have an effect in the assessment of traits, the consequences have been neglected, so far: if situations affect the assessment of traits we have to take this fact into account in studies on reliability and validity of measurement instruments and their application. In the theoretical part of this article we provide a more formal exposition of this point, introducing the basic concepts of latent state–trait (LST) theory. LST theory and the associated models allow for the estimation of the situational impact on trait measures in non‐experimental, correlational studies. In the empirical part, LST theory is applied to three well known trait questionnaires: the Freiburg Personality Inventory, the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. It is shown that significant proportions of the variances of the scales of these questionnaires are due to situational effects. The following consequences of this finding are discussed, (i) Instead of the reliability coefficient, the proportion of variance due to the latent trait, the consistency coefficient, should be used for the estimation of confidence intervals for trait scores, (ii) To reduce the situational effects on trait estimates it may be useful to base such an estimate on several occasions, i.e., to aggregate data across occasions. (iii) Reliability and validity studies should not only be based on a sample of persons representative of those to whom the test will be applied; they should also be conducted in situational contexts representative of the intended applications.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>European Journal of Personality</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Eur. J. 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