Psychological and physiological responses during an exam and their relation to personality characteristics
Identifieur interne : 001929 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001928; suivant : 001930Psychological and physiological responses during an exam and their relation to personality characteristics
Auteurs : Gottfried SpanglerSource :
- Psychoneuroendocrinology [ 0306-4530 ] ; 1997.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare emotional and physiological responses to real and control examinations and to assess their relation to personality characteristics. Emotional responses were assessed by state anxiety and perceived stress. The assessment of physiological responses included the activity of the cardiac system (heart periods, vagal tone), the adrenocortical system (cortisol) and the immune system (immune globulin A, sIgA). Emotional and physiological responses of 23 students (12 males, 11 females) were assessed during an oral exam at the end of a basic course in psychology which was a prerequisite for the students' final exams. For the control conditions physiological responses were assessed one week before the examination during a memory test. The findings of the study demonstrate different emotional and physiological response patterns to examinations as compared to the control condition. Heightened anxiety was observed only before the exam. Whereas within-situation physiological responses (higher heart periods, cortisol, and sIgA; lower vagal tone) were observed both under the exam and control condition, responses to exam condition indicated pre-exam anticipatory activation and post-exam restricted recovery responses. With regard to personality characteristics subjects with high ego-resiliency showed more flexible adaptation than subjects with low ego-resiliency both on the emotional level (anxiety down-regulation after exam) and on the physiological level (situation-specific responses, quick recovery). Subjects with high ego-control exhibited a lower physiological reactivity under both conditions, i.e. they seemed to maintain longer their control also on a physiological level independent of the type of situation.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4530(97)00040-1
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Psychological and physiological responses during an exam and their relation to personality characteristics</title><author><name sortKey="Spangler, Gottfried" sort="Spangler, Gottfried" uniqKey="Spangler G" first="Gottfried" last="Spangler">Gottfried Spangler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:626F346426F4DC472D52A50E5B69192833A69FFE</idno><date when="1997" year="1997">1997</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0306-4530(97)00040-1</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/626F346426F4DC472D52A50E5B69192833A69FFE/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001929</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001929</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Psychological and physiological responses during an exam and their relation to personality characteristics</title><author><name sortKey="Spangler, Gottfried" sort="Spangler, Gottfried" uniqKey="Spangler G" first="Gottfried" last="Spangler">Gottfried Spangler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Psychoneuroendocrinology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">PNEC</title><idno type="ISSN">0306-4530</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1997">1997</date><biblScope unit="volume">22</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="423">423</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="441">441</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0306-4530</idno></series><idno type="istex">626F346426F4DC472D52A50E5B69192833A69FFE</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0306-4530(97)00040-1</idno><idno type="PII">S0306-4530(97)00040-1</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0306-4530</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The aim of the study was to compare emotional and physiological responses to real and control examinations and to assess their relation to personality characteristics. Emotional responses were assessed by state anxiety and perceived stress. The assessment of physiological responses included the activity of the cardiac system (heart periods, vagal tone), the adrenocortical system (cortisol) and the immune system (immune globulin A, sIgA). Emotional and physiological responses of 23 students (12 males, 11 females) were assessed during an oral exam at the end of a basic course in psychology which was a prerequisite for the students' final exams. For the control conditions physiological responses were assessed one week before the examination during a memory test. The findings of the study demonstrate different emotional and physiological response patterns to examinations as compared to the control condition. Heightened anxiety was observed only before the exam. Whereas within-situation physiological responses (higher heart periods, cortisol, and sIgA; lower vagal tone) were observed both under the exam and control condition, responses to exam condition indicated pre-exam anticipatory activation and post-exam restricted recovery responses. With regard to personality characteristics subjects with high ego-resiliency showed more flexible adaptation than subjects with low ego-resiliency both on the emotional level (anxiety down-regulation after exam) and on the physiological level (situation-specific responses, quick recovery). Subjects with high ego-control exhibited a lower physiological reactivity under both conditions, i.e. they seemed to maintain longer their control also on a physiological level independent of the type of situation.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Gottfried Spangler</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Examination stress</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Anxiety</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Heart-rate reactivity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Adrenocortical reactivity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Immunological reactivity</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The aim of the study was to compare emotional and physiological responses to real and control examinations and to assess their relation to personality characteristics. Emotional responses were assessed by state anxiety and perceived stress. The assessment of physiological responses included the activity of the cardiac system (heart periods, vagal tone), the adrenocortical system (cortisol) and the immune system (immune globulin A, sIgA). Emotional and physiological responses of 23 students (12 males, 11 females) were assessed during an oral exam at the end of a basic course in psychology which was a prerequisite for the students' final exams. For the control conditions physiological responses were assessed one week before the examination during a memory test. The findings of the study demonstrate different emotional and physiological response patterns to examinations as compared to the control condition. Heightened anxiety was observed only before the exam. Whereas within-situation physiological responses (higher heart periods, cortisol, and sIgA; lower vagal tone) were observed both under the exam and control condition, responses to exam condition indicated pre-exam anticipatory activation and post-exam restricted recovery responses. With regard to personality characteristics subjects with high ego-resiliency showed more flexible adaptation than subjects with low ego-resiliency both on the emotional level (anxiety down-regulation after exam) and on the physiological level (situation-specific responses, quick recovery). 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Emotional responses were assessed by state anxiety and perceived stress. The assessment of physiological responses included the activity of the cardiac system (heart periods, vagal tone), the adrenocortical system (cortisol) and the immune system (immune globulin A, sIgA). Emotional and physiological responses of 23 students (12 males, 11 females) were assessed during an oral exam at the end of a basic course in psychology which was a prerequisite for the students' final exams. For the control conditions physiological responses were assessed one week before the examination during a memory test. The findings of the study demonstrate different emotional and physiological response patterns to examinations as compared to the control condition. Heightened anxiety was observed only before the exam. Whereas within-situation physiological responses (higher heart periods, cortisol, and sIgA; lower vagal tone) were observed both under the exam and control condition, responses to exam condition indicated pre-exam anticipatory activation and post-exam restricted recovery responses. With regard to personality characteristics subjects with high ego-resiliency showed more flexible adaptation than subjects with low ego-resiliency both on the emotional level (anxiety down-regulation after exam) and on the physiological level (situation-specific responses, quick recovery). Subjects with high ego-control exhibited a lower physiological reactivity under both conditions, i.e. they seemed to maintain longer their control also on a physiological level independent of the type of situation.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Examination stress</term></item><item><term>Anxiety</term></item><item><term>Heart-rate reactivity</term></item><item><term>Adrenocortical reactivity</term></item><item><term>Immunological reactivity</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1997">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/626F346426F4DC472D52A50E5B69192833A69FFE/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>PNEC</jid><aid>97000401</aid><ce:pii>S0306-4530(97)00040-1</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0306-4530(97)00040-1</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1997"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Article</ce:textfn></ce:dochead><ce:title>Psychological and physiological responses during an exam and their relation to personality characteristics</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Gottfried</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Spangler</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="18" month="12" year="1996"></ce:date-received><ce:date-accepted day="26" month="3" year="1997"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The aim of the study was to compare emotional and physiological responses to real and control examinations and to assess their relation to personality characteristics. Emotional responses were assessed by state anxiety and perceived stress. The assessment of physiological responses included the activity of the cardiac system (heart periods, vagal tone), the adrenocortical system (cortisol) and the immune system (immune globulin A, sIgA). Emotional and physiological responses of 23 students (12 males, 11 females) were assessed during an oral exam at the end of a basic course in psychology which was a prerequisite for the students' final exams. For the control conditions physiological responses were assessed one week before the examination during a memory test. The findings of the study demonstrate different emotional and physiological response patterns to examinations as compared to the control condition. Heightened anxiety was observed only before the exam. Whereas within-situation physiological responses (higher heart periods, cortisol, and sIgA; lower vagal tone) were observed both under the exam and control condition, responses to exam condition indicated pre-exam anticipatory activation and post-exam restricted recovery responses. With regard to personality characteristics subjects with high ego-resiliency showed more flexible adaptation than subjects with low ego-resiliency both on the emotional level (anxiety down-regulation after exam) and on the physiological level (situation-specific responses, quick recovery). Subjects with high ego-control exhibited a lower physiological reactivity under both conditions, i.e. they seemed to maintain longer their control also on a physiological level independent of the type of situation.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Examination stress</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Anxiety</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Heart-rate reactivity</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Adrenocortical reactivity</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Immunological reactivity</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Psychological and physiological responses during an exam and their relation to personality characteristics</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Psychological and physiological responses during an exam and their relation to personality characteristics</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gottfried</namePart><namePart type="family">Spangler</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1997</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1997</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The aim of the study was to compare emotional and physiological responses to real and control examinations and to assess their relation to personality characteristics. Emotional responses were assessed by state anxiety and perceived stress. The assessment of physiological responses included the activity of the cardiac system (heart periods, vagal tone), the adrenocortical system (cortisol) and the immune system (immune globulin A, sIgA). Emotional and physiological responses of 23 students (12 males, 11 females) were assessed during an oral exam at the end of a basic course in psychology which was a prerequisite for the students' final exams. For the control conditions physiological responses were assessed one week before the examination during a memory test. The findings of the study demonstrate different emotional and physiological response patterns to examinations as compared to the control condition. Heightened anxiety was observed only before the exam. Whereas within-situation physiological responses (higher heart periods, cortisol, and sIgA; lower vagal tone) were observed both under the exam and control condition, responses to exam condition indicated pre-exam anticipatory activation and post-exam restricted recovery responses. With regard to personality characteristics subjects with high ego-resiliency showed more flexible adaptation than subjects with low ego-resiliency both on the emotional level (anxiety down-regulation after exam) and on the physiological level (situation-specific responses, quick recovery). Subjects with high ego-control exhibited a lower physiological reactivity under both conditions, i.e. they seemed to maintain longer their control also on a physiological level independent of the type of situation.</abstract><note type="content">Section title: Article</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Examination stress</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Heart-rate reactivity</topic><topic>Adrenocortical reactivity</topic><topic>Immunological reactivity</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Psychoneuroendocrinology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>PNEC</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">199708</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0306-4530</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0306-4530(00)X0021-2</identifier><part><date>199708</date><detail type="volume"><number>22</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>6</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>387</start><end>475</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>423</start><end>441</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">626F346426F4DC472D52A50E5B69192833A69FFE</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0306-4530(97)00040-1</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0306-4530(97)00040-1</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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