Cigarette smoking and psychophysiological stress responsiveness: effects of recent smoking and temporary abstinence
Identifieur interne : 001729 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001728; suivant : 001730Cigarette smoking and psychophysiological stress responsiveness: effects of recent smoking and temporary abstinence
Auteurs : A. Tsuda ; A. Steptoe ; R. West ; G. Fieldman ; C. KirschbaumSource :
- Psychopharmacology [ 0033-3158 ] ; 1996-08-01.
Abstract
Abstract: Studies comparing the cardiovascular function and stress responsiveness of regular smokers and non-smokers have produced mixed results, possibly because of variable intervals between stress tests and recency of smoking. This experiment compared the cardiovascular, cortisol and affective responses to a problem solving task of non-smoking young men (n=16) and regular smokers randomised to overnight abstinence (n=14) and smoking 30 min prior to testing (n=19). Smoking status was validated biochemically. Overnight abstinence was associated with reduced diastolic blood pressure at rest and with enhanced diastolic pressure and emotional responses to the task compared with other conditions. Recent smokers showed elevated heart rates, suppressed cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and reduced cortisol responsiveness, but did not differ from nonsmokers in blood pressure responses. The behavioral performance of the abstinent group was impaired, and their craving was greater than that of recent smokers. Both groups of smokers reported more dysphoric mood than non-smokers, and showed only limited recovery of emotional equilibrium following tests. The results are discussed in relation to mechanisms linking smoking, stress responsiveness and cardiovascular disease risk. The methodological implications for including regular smokers in psychophysiological studies are also considered.
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DOI: 10.1007/BF02246452
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cigarette smoking and psychophysiological stress responsiveness: effects of recent smoking and temporary abstinence</title><author><name sortKey="Tsuda, A" sort="Tsuda, A" uniqKey="Tsuda A" first="A." last="Tsuda">A. Tsuda</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Human Sciences, Kurume University, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steptoe, A" sort="Steptoe, A" uniqKey="Steptoe A" first="A." last="Steptoe">A. Steptoe</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="West, R" sort="West, R" uniqKey="West R" first="R." last="West">R. West</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fieldman, G" sort="Fieldman, G" uniqKey="Fieldman G" first="G." last="Fieldman">G. Fieldman</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, C" sort="Kirschbaum, C" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="C." last="Kirschbaum">C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C</idno><date when="1996" year="1996">1996</date><idno type="doi">10.1007/BF02246452</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001729</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001729</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Cigarette smoking and psychophysiological stress responsiveness: effects of recent smoking and temporary abstinence</title><author><name sortKey="Tsuda, A" sort="Tsuda, A" uniqKey="Tsuda A" first="A." last="Tsuda">A. Tsuda</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Human Sciences, Kurume University, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steptoe, A" sort="Steptoe, A" uniqKey="Steptoe A" first="A." last="Steptoe">A. Steptoe</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="West, R" sort="West, R" uniqKey="West R" first="R." last="West">R. West</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fieldman, G" sort="Fieldman, G" uniqKey="Fieldman G" first="G." last="Fieldman">G. Fieldman</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, C" sort="Kirschbaum, C" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="C." last="Kirschbaum">C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Psychopharmacology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Psychopharmacology</title><idno type="ISSN">0033-3158</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-2072</idno><imprint><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1996-08-01">1996-08-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">126</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="226">226</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="233">233</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0033-3158</idno></series><idno type="istex">C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF02246452</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF02246452</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art6</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0033-3158</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Studies comparing the cardiovascular function and stress responsiveness of regular smokers and non-smokers have produced mixed results, possibly because of variable intervals between stress tests and recency of smoking. This experiment compared the cardiovascular, cortisol and affective responses to a problem solving task of non-smoking young men (n=16) and regular smokers randomised to overnight abstinence (n=14) and smoking 30 min prior to testing (n=19). Smoking status was validated biochemically. Overnight abstinence was associated with reduced diastolic blood pressure at rest and with enhanced diastolic pressure and emotional responses to the task compared with other conditions. Recent smokers showed elevated heart rates, suppressed cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and reduced cortisol responsiveness, but did not differ from nonsmokers in blood pressure responses. The behavioral performance of the abstinent group was impaired, and their craving was greater than that of recent smokers. Both groups of smokers reported more dysphoric mood than non-smokers, and showed only limited recovery of emotional equilibrium following tests. The results are discussed in relation to mechanisms linking smoking, stress responsiveness and cardiovascular disease risk. The methodological implications for including regular smokers in psychophysiological studies are also considered.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>A. Tsuda</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Human Sciences, Kurume University, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Steptoe</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. West</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Fieldman</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>BF02246452</json:string><json:string>Art6</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>OriginalPaper</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Studies comparing the cardiovascular function and stress responsiveness of regular smokers and non-smokers have produced mixed results, possibly because of variable intervals between stress tests and recency of smoking. This experiment compared the cardiovascular, cortisol and affective responses to a problem solving task of non-smoking young men (n=16) and regular smokers randomised to overnight abstinence (n=14) and smoking 30 min prior to testing (n=19). Smoking status was validated biochemically. Overnight abstinence was associated with reduced diastolic blood pressure at rest and with enhanced diastolic pressure and emotional responses to the task compared with other conditions. Recent smokers showed elevated heart rates, suppressed cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and reduced cortisol responsiveness, but did not differ from nonsmokers in blood pressure responses. The behavioral performance of the abstinent group was impaired, and their craving was greater than that of recent smokers. Both groups of smokers reported more dysphoric mood than non-smokers, and showed only limited recovery of emotional equilibrium following tests. The results are discussed in relation to mechanisms linking smoking, stress responsiveness and cardiovascular disease risk. 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cigarettes</title><publicationDate>1987</publicationDate></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>126</volume><pages><last>233</last><first>226</first></pages><issn><json:string>0033-3158</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><subject><json:item><value>Pharmacology/Toxicology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Psychiatry</value></json:item></subject><journalId><json:string>213</json:string></journalId><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1432-2072</json:string></eissn><title>Psychopharmacology</title><publicationDate>1996</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1996</copyrightDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>social science</json:string><json:string>psychiatry</json:string><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>pharmacology & pharmacy</json:string><json:string>neurosciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>psychiatry</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>1996</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1996</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1007/BF02246452</json:string></doi><id>C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C</id><score>0.69166887</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Cigarette smoking and psychophysiological stress responsiveness: effects of recent smoking and temporary abstinence</title><respStmt><resp>Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID</resp><name resp="ISTEX-API">ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)</name></respStmt><respStmt><resp>Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID</resp><name resp="ISTEX-API">ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)</name></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><availability><p>Springer-Verlag, 1996</p></availability><date>1995-10-26</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Original Investigation</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Cigarette smoking and psychophysiological stress responsiveness: effects of recent smoking and temporary abstinence</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Tsuda</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Human Sciences, Kurume University, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2" corresp="yes"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Steptoe</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>West</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Fieldman</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Kirschbaum</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Psychopharmacology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Psychopharmacology</title><idno type="journal-ID">213</idno><idno type="pISSN">0033-3158</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-2072</idno><idno type="issue-article-count">12</idno><idno type="volume-issue-count">4</idno><imprint><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1996-08-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">126</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="226">226</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="233">233</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF02246452</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF02246452</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art6</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1995-10-26</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: Studies comparing the cardiovascular function and stress responsiveness of regular smokers and non-smokers have produced mixed results, possibly because of variable intervals between stress tests and recency of smoking. This experiment compared the cardiovascular, cortisol and affective responses to a problem solving task of non-smoking young men (n=16) and regular smokers randomised to overnight abstinence (n=14) and smoking 30 min prior to testing (n=19). Smoking status was validated biochemically. Overnight abstinence was associated with reduced diastolic blood pressure at rest and with enhanced diastolic pressure and emotional responses to the task compared with other conditions. Recent smokers showed elevated heart rates, suppressed cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and reduced cortisol responsiveness, but did not differ from nonsmokers in blood pressure responses. The behavioral performance of the abstinent group was impaired, and their craving was greater than that of recent smokers. Both groups of smokers reported more dysphoric mood than non-smokers, and showed only limited recovery of emotional equilibrium following tests. The results are discussed in relation to mechanisms linking smoking, stress responsiveness and cardiovascular disease risk. The methodological implications for including regular smokers in psychophysiological studies are also considered.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Biomedicine</head><item><term>Pharmacology/Toxicology</term></item><item><term>Psychiatry</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1995-10-26">Created</change><change when="1996-08-01">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-11-22">References added</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2017-01-20">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Springer, Publisher found" wicri:toSee="no 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DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>C.</GivenName><FamilyName>Kirschbaum</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgDivision>Department of Human Sciences</OrgDivision><OrgName>Kurume University</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country>Japan</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgDivision>Department of Psychology</OrgDivision><OrgName>St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace</OrgName><OrgAddress><Postcode>SW17 0RE</Postcode><City>London</City><Country>UK</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgDivision>Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Trier</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Trier</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>Studies comparing the cardiovascular function and stress responsiveness of regular smokers and non-smokers have produced mixed results, possibly because of variable intervals between stress tests and recency of smoking. This experiment compared the cardiovascular, cortisol and affective responses to a problem solving task of non-smoking young men (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>=16) and regular smokers randomised to overnight abstinence (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>=14) and smoking 30 min prior to testing (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>=19). Smoking status was validated biochemically. Overnight abstinence was associated with reduced diastolic blood pressure at rest and with enhanced diastolic pressure and emotional responses to the task compared with other conditions. Recent smokers showed elevated heart rates, suppressed cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and reduced cortisol responsiveness, but did not differ from nonsmokers in blood pressure responses. The behavioral performance of the abstinent group was impaired, and their craving was greater than that of recent smokers. Both groups of smokers reported more dysphoric mood than non-smokers, and showed only limited recovery of emotional equilibrium following tests. The results are discussed in relation to mechanisms linking smoking, stress responsiveness and cardiovascular disease risk. The methodological implications for including regular smokers in psychophysiological studies are also considered.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En"><Heading>Key words</Heading><Keyword>Cigarette smoking</Keyword><Keyword>stress responsiveness</Keyword><Keyword>Abstinence</Keyword></KeywordGroup></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Cigarette smoking and psychophysiological stress responsiveness: effects of recent smoking and temporary abstinence</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Cigarette smoking and psychophysiological stress responsiveness: effects of recent smoking and temporary abstinence</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tsuda</namePart><affiliation>Department of Human Sciences, Kurume University, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Steptoe</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">West</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fieldman</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kirschbaum</namePart><affiliation>Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin/Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">1995-10-26</dateCreated><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1996-08-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1996</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Studies comparing the cardiovascular function and stress responsiveness of regular smokers and non-smokers have produced mixed results, possibly because of variable intervals between stress tests and recency of smoking. This experiment compared the cardiovascular, cortisol and affective responses to a problem solving task of non-smoking young men (n=16) and regular smokers randomised to overnight abstinence (n=14) and smoking 30 min prior to testing (n=19). Smoking status was validated biochemically. Overnight abstinence was associated with reduced diastolic blood pressure at rest and with enhanced diastolic pressure and emotional responses to the task compared with other conditions. Recent smokers showed elevated heart rates, suppressed cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and reduced cortisol responsiveness, but did not differ from nonsmokers in blood pressure responses. The behavioral performance of the abstinent group was impaired, and their craving was greater than that of recent smokers. Both groups of smokers reported more dysphoric mood than non-smokers, and showed only limited recovery of emotional equilibrium following tests. The results are discussed in relation to mechanisms linking smoking, stress responsiveness and cardiovascular disease risk. The methodological implications for including regular smokers in psychophysiological studies are also considered.</abstract><note>Original Investigation</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Psychopharmacology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Psychopharmacology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" displayLabel="Archive Journal"></genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1996-08-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1996</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Biomedicine</genre><topic>Pharmacology/Toxicology</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0033-3158</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1432-2072</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">213</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">12</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">4</identifier><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><number>126</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>3</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>226</start><end>233</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1996</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C4F7B3F656BF74D54F4BD946BCAE53CE0F08C80C</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/BF02246452</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BF02246452</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art6</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Springer-Verlag, 1996</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SPRINGER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1996</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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