Phylogenetic island disequilibrium: evidence for ongoing long‐term population dynamics in two Mediterranean butterflies
Identifieur interne : 000F50 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000F49; suivant : 000F51Phylogenetic island disequilibrium: evidence for ongoing long‐term population dynamics in two Mediterranean butterflies
Auteurs : Leonardo Dapporto ; Thomas Schmitt ; Roger Vila ; Stefano Scalercio ; Heinrich Biermann ; Vlad Dinc ; Severiano F. Gayubo ; José A. González ; Pietro Lo Cascio ; Roger L. H. DennisSource :
- Journal of Biogeography [ 0305-0270 ] ; 2011-05.
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Abstract
Aim Our aims were to verify the existence of phylogenetic disequilibrium between butterfly lineages at the subcontinental scale for islands and the nearest mainland and to test the capacity of islands for hosting ancestral populations of butterflies and the significance of such relict populations.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02452.x
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ISTEX:BF014C211075B930A5061994058E0B6352F52345Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Phylogenetic island disequilibrium: evidence for ongoing long‐term population dynamics in two Mediterranean butterflies</title><author><name sortKey="Dapporto, Leonardo" sort="Dapporto, Leonardo" uniqKey="Dapporto L" first="Leonardo" last="Dapporto">Leonardo Dapporto</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Istituto Comprensivo Materna Elementere Media Convenevole da Prato via 1° Maggio 40, 59100 Prato, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: leondap@gmail.com</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmitt, Thomas" sort="Schmitt, Thomas" uniqKey="Schmitt T" first="Thomas" last="Schmitt">Thomas Schmitt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54296 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vila, Roger" sort="Vila, Roger" uniqKey="Vila R" first="Roger" last="Vila">Roger Vila</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>ICREA and Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scalercio, Stefano" sort="Scalercio, Stefano" uniqKey="Scalercio S" first="Stefano" last="Scalercio">Stefano Scalercio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CRA Centro di Ricerca per l’Olivicoltura e l’Industria Olearia, I‐87036 Rende (Cosenza), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Biermann, Heinrich" sort="Biermann, Heinrich" uniqKey="Biermann H" first="Heinrich" last="Biermann">Heinrich Biermann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Markusstrasse 17, D‐3490, Bad Driburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dinc, Vlad" sort="Dinc, Vlad" uniqKey="Dinc V" first="Vlad" last="Dinc">Vlad Dinc</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gayubo, Severiano F" sort="Gayubo, Severiano F" uniqKey="Gayubo S" first="Severiano F." last="Gayubo">Severiano F. 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Gayubo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Campus ‘Miguel de Unamuno’ Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Jose A" sort="Gonzalez, Jose A" uniqKey="Gonzalez J" first="José A." last="González">José A. González</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Campus ‘Miguel de Unamuno’ Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo Cascio, Pietro" sort="Lo Cascio, Pietro" uniqKey="Lo Cascio P" first="Pietro" last="Lo Cascio">Pietro Lo Cascio</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NESOS, Associazione pro Isole, Corso Vittorio Emanuele, 24 98055 Lipari (ME), Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dennis, Roger L H" sort="Dennis, Roger L H" uniqKey="Dennis R" first="Roger L. H." last="Dennis">Roger L. H. Dennis</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Environment, Sustainability and Regeneration, Mellor Building, Staffordshire University, Stoke‐on‐Trent ST4 2DE, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Biogeography</title><idno type="ISSN">0305-0270</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2699</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-05">2011-05</date><biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="854">854</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="867">867</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0305-0270</idno></series><idno type="istex">BF014C211075B930A5061994058E0B6352F52345</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02452.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JBI2452</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0305-0270</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Genitalia</term><term>Pyronia</term><term>Rhopalocera</term><term>geometric morphometrics</term><term>glaciations</term><term>hybridization</term><term>introgression</term><term>refugia</term><term>western Mediterranean</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Aim Our aims were to verify the existence of phylogenetic disequilibrium between butterfly lineages at the subcontinental scale for islands and the nearest mainland and to test the capacity of islands for hosting ancestral populations of butterflies and the significance of such relict populations.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Leonardo Dapporto</name><affiliations><json:string>Istituto Comprensivo Materna Elementere Media Convenevole da Prato via 1° Maggio 40, 59100 Prato, Italy</json:string><json:string>E-mail: leondap@gmail.com</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Thomas Schmitt</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54296 Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Roger Vila</name><affiliations><json:string>ICREA and Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Stefano Scalercio</name><affiliations><json:string>CRA Centro di Ricerca per l’Olivicoltura e l’Industria Olearia, I‐87036 Rende (Cosenza), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Heinrich Biermann</name><affiliations><json:string>Markusstrasse 17, D‐3490, Bad Driburg, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Vlad Dincă</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</json:string><json:string>Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Severiano F. Gayubo</name><affiliations><json:string>Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Campus ‘Miguel de Unamuno’ Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>José A. González</name><affiliations><json:string>Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Campus ‘Miguel de Unamuno’ Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Pietro Lo Cascio</name><affiliations><json:string>NESOS, Associazione pro Isole, Corso Vittorio Emanuele, 24 98055 Lipari (ME), Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Roger L. H. Dennis</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK</json:string><json:string>Institute for Environment, Sustainability and Regeneration, Mellor Building, Staffordshire University, Stoke‐on‐Trent ST4 2DE, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Genitalia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>geometric morphometrics</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>glaciations</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>hybridization</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>introgression</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pyronia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>refugia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Rhopalocera</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>western Mediterranean</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JBI2452</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><qualityIndicators><score>5.528</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>299</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>8414</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>55328</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>14</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>44</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Phylogenetic island disequilibrium: evidence for ongoing long‐term population dynamics in two Mediterranean butterflies</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>H. 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H.</forename><surname>Dennis</surname></persName><affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK</affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Environment, Sustainability and Regeneration, Mellor Building, Staffordshire University, Stoke‐on‐Trent ST4 2DE, UK</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Biogeography</title><idno type="pISSN">0305-0270</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2699</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2699</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-05"></date><biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="854">854</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="867">867</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">BF014C211075B930A5061994058E0B6352F52345</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02452.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JBI2452</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Aim Our aims were to verify the existence of phylogenetic disequilibrium between butterfly lineages at the subcontinental scale for islands and the nearest mainland and to test the capacity of islands for hosting ancestral populations of butterflies and the significance of such relict populations.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Location The western Mediterranean continental area of Europe and North Africa together with several large and small islands (Balearics, Tuscan Archipelago, Aeolian Archipelago, Capri, Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica).</p></abstract><abstract><p>Methods Using geometric morphometrics, the shape of male genitalia was analysed in two common butterflies (Pyronia cecilia and Pyronia tithonus), whose spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean region has recently been described. Observed patterns in genital shapes were compared with shapes predicted for islands and fossil islands to assess the contribution of historical and current events in accounting for the transition from a refugial model to an equilibrium model. Measurements were taken for 473 specimens in 90 insular and mainland sites.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Results The shape of the genitalia of populations of most islands differed substantially from that predicted by the equilibrium hypothesis while closely fitting the refugial hypothesis. The comparison between different models strongly suggests that islands maintain ancestral lineages similar to those living in Spain (P. cecilia) and France (P. tithonus). A high correlation between observed and predicted patterns on islands and fossil islands occurs during the first steps of modelled introgressive hybridization while the following steps exposed a successively lower fit, suggesting that the process from a refugial to an equilibrium situation is highly skewed towards an earlier non‐equilibrium.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Main conclusions The observed non‐equilibrium pattern supports the refugial hypothesis, suggesting that an ancestral lineage was originally distributed from Spain to Italy, and also occupied offshore islands. This lineage, replaced in Italy, has persisted on the islands owing to their isolation. A comparison of the distribution patterns for genetic and morphometric markers in several species indicates that the situation highlighted for Pyronia may represent a common biogeographic feature for many Mediterranean butterflies.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Genitalia</term></item><item><term>geometric morphometrics</term></item><item><term>glaciations</term></item><item><term>hybridization</term></item><item><term>introgression</term></item><item><term>Pyronia</term></item><item><term>refugia</term></item><item><term>Rhopalocera</term></item><item><term>western Mediterranean</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-05">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/BF014C211075B930A5061994058E0B6352F52345/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2699</doi><issn type="print">0305-0270</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-2699</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JBI"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY">Journal of Biogeography</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="05105"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/jbi.2011.38.issue-5</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="38">38</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="5">5</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-05">May 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="5" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02452.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JBI2452"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="14"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Island–mainland dynamics</title><title type="articleCategory">ORIGINAL ARTICLE</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.4.8 mode:FullText" date="2011-04-15"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2011-01-20"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-01-20"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2011-04-15"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-24"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="854">854</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="867">867</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo> Leonardo Dapporto, Istituto Comprensivo Materna Elementere Media Convenevole da Prato via 1° Maggio 40, 59100, Prato, Italy.
E‐mail: <email>leondap@gmail.com</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JBI.JBI2452.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="5"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Phylogenetic island disequilibrium: evidence for ongoing long‐term population dynamics in two Mediterranean butterflies</title><title type="shortAuthors">L. Dapporto <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Phylogenetic disequilibrium in Mediterranean butterflies</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Leonardo</givenNames><familyName>Dapporto</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Thomas</givenNames><familyName>Schmitt</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Roger</givenNames><familyName>Vila</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>Stefano</givenNames><familyName>Scalercio</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a5"><personName><givenNames>Heinrich</givenNames><familyName>Biermann</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a6 #a7"><personName><givenNames>Vlad</givenNames><familyName>Dincă</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a8"><personName><givenNames>Severiano F.</givenNames><familyName>Gayubo</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr8" affiliationRef="#a8"><personName><givenNames>José A.</givenNames><familyName>González</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr9" affiliationRef="#a9"><personName><givenNames>Pietro</givenNames><familyName>Lo Cascio</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr10" affiliationRef="#a10 #a11"><personName><givenNames>Roger L. H.</givenNames><familyName>Dennis</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="IT"><unparsedAffiliation>Istituto Comprensivo Materna Elementere Media Convenevole da Prato via 1° Maggio 40, 59100 Prato, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54296 Trier, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>ICREA and Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="IT"><unparsedAffiliation>CRA Centro di Ricerca per l’Olivicoltura e l’Industria Olearia, I‐87036 Rende (Cosenza), Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Markusstrasse 17, D‐3490, Bad Driburg, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a6" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a7" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a8" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Campus ‘Miguel de Unamuno’ Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a9" countryCode="IT"><unparsedAffiliation>NESOS, Associazione pro Isole, Corso Vittorio Emanuele, 24 98055 Lipari (ME), Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a10" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a11" countryCode="GB"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute for Environment, Sustainability and Regeneration, Mellor Building, Staffordshire University, Stoke‐on‐Trent ST4 2DE, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Genitalia</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">geometric morphometrics</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">glaciations</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">hybridization</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">introgression</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6"><i>Pyronia</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">refugia</keyword><keyword xml:id="k8">Rhopalocera</keyword><keyword xml:id="k9">western Mediterranean</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><p><b>Appendix S1</b> Supplementary figures (Figs S1–S7) for geometric morphometrics and predictive models.</p><p><b>Appendix S2</b> List of specimens with details of sampling localities.</p><p>As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer‐reviewed and may be re‐organized for online delivery, but are not copy‐edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.</p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:03050270:media:jbi2452:JBI_2452_sm_AppS1"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:03050270:media:jbi2452:JBI_2452_sm_AppS2"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p><b>Aim </b> Our aims were to verify the existence of phylogenetic disequilibrium between butterfly lineages at the subcontinental scale for islands and the nearest mainland and to test the capacity of islands for hosting ancestral populations of butterflies and the significance of such relict populations.</p><p><b>Location </b> The western Mediterranean continental area of Europe and North Africa together with several large and small islands (Balearics, Tuscan Archipelago, Aeolian Archipelago, Capri, Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica).</p><p><b>Methods </b> Using geometric morphometrics, the shape of male genitalia was analysed in two common butterflies (<i>Pyronia cecilia</i> and <i>Pyronia tithonus</i>), whose spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean region has recently been described. Observed patterns in genital shapes were compared with shapes predicted for islands and fossil islands to assess the contribution of historical and current events in accounting for the transition from a refugial model to an equilibrium model. Measurements were taken for 473 specimens in 90 insular and mainland sites.</p><p><b>Results </b> The shape of the genitalia of populations of most islands differed substantially from that predicted by the equilibrium hypothesis while closely fitting the refugial hypothesis. The comparison between different models strongly suggests that islands maintain ancestral lineages similar to those living in Spain (<i>P. cecilia</i>) and France (<i>P. tithonus</i>). A high correlation between observed and predicted patterns on islands and fossil islands occurs during the first steps of modelled introgressive hybridization while the following steps exposed a successively lower fit, suggesting that the process from a refugial to an equilibrium situation is highly skewed towards an earlier non‐equilibrium.</p><p><b>Main conclusions </b> The observed non‐equilibrium pattern supports the refugial hypothesis, suggesting that an ancestral lineage was originally distributed from Spain to Italy, and also occupied offshore islands. This lineage, replaced in Italy, has persisted on the islands owing to their isolation. A comparison of the distribution patterns for genetic and morphometric markers in several species indicates that the situation highlighted for <i>Pyronia</i> may represent a common biogeographic feature for many Mediterranean butterflies.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Phylogenetic island disequilibrium: evidence for ongoing long‐term population dynamics in two Mediterranean butterflies</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Phylogenetic disequilibrium in Mediterranean butterflies</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Phylogenetic island disequilibrium: evidence for ongoing long‐term population dynamics in two Mediterranean butterflies</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Leonardo</namePart><namePart type="family">Dapporto</namePart><affiliation>Istituto Comprensivo Materna Elementere Media Convenevole da Prato via 1° Maggio 40, 59100 Prato, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: leondap@gmail.com</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Thomas</namePart><namePart type="family">Schmitt</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54296 Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roger</namePart><namePart type="family">Vila</namePart><affiliation>ICREA and Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stefano</namePart><namePart type="family">Scalercio</namePart><affiliation>CRA Centro di Ricerca per l’Olivicoltura e l’Industria Olearia, I‐87036 Rende (Cosenza), Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Heinrich</namePart><namePart type="family">Biermann</namePart><affiliation>Markusstrasse 17, D‐3490, Bad Driburg, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Vlad</namePart><namePart type="family">Dincă</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</affiliation><affiliation>Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Severiano F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gayubo</namePart><affiliation>Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Campus ‘Miguel de Unamuno’ Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">José A.</namePart><namePart type="family">González</namePart><affiliation>Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Campus ‘Miguel de Unamuno’ Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pietro</namePart><namePart type="family">Lo Cascio</namePart><affiliation>NESOS, Associazione pro Isole, Corso Vittorio Emanuele, 24 98055 Lipari (ME), Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roger L. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dennis</namePart><affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK</affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Environment, Sustainability and Regeneration, Mellor Building, Staffordshire University, Stoke‐on‐Trent ST4 2DE, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-05</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">5</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Aim Our aims were to verify the existence of phylogenetic disequilibrium between butterfly lineages at the subcontinental scale for islands and the nearest mainland and to test the capacity of islands for hosting ancestral populations of butterflies and the significance of such relict populations.</abstract><abstract>Location The western Mediterranean continental area of Europe and North Africa together with several large and small islands (Balearics, Tuscan Archipelago, Aeolian Archipelago, Capri, Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica).</abstract><abstract>Methods Using geometric morphometrics, the shape of male genitalia was analysed in two common butterflies (Pyronia cecilia and Pyronia tithonus), whose spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean region has recently been described. Observed patterns in genital shapes were compared with shapes predicted for islands and fossil islands to assess the contribution of historical and current events in accounting for the transition from a refugial model to an equilibrium model. Measurements were taken for 473 specimens in 90 insular and mainland sites.</abstract><abstract>Results The shape of the genitalia of populations of most islands differed substantially from that predicted by the equilibrium hypothesis while closely fitting the refugial hypothesis. The comparison between different models strongly suggests that islands maintain ancestral lineages similar to those living in Spain (P. cecilia) and France (P. tithonus). A high correlation between observed and predicted patterns on islands and fossil islands occurs during the first steps of modelled introgressive hybridization while the following steps exposed a successively lower fit, suggesting that the process from a refugial to an equilibrium situation is highly skewed towards an earlier non‐equilibrium.</abstract><abstract>Main conclusions The observed non‐equilibrium pattern supports the refugial hypothesis, suggesting that an ancestral lineage was originally distributed from Spain to Italy, and also occupied offshore islands. This lineage, replaced in Italy, has persisted on the islands owing to their isolation. A comparison of the distribution patterns for genetic and morphometric markers in several species indicates that the situation highlighted for Pyronia may represent a common biogeographic feature for many Mediterranean butterflies.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Genitalia</topic><topic>geometric morphometrics</topic><topic>glaciations</topic><topic>hybridization</topic><topic>introgression</topic><topic>Pyronia</topic><topic>refugia</topic><topic>Rhopalocera</topic><topic>western Mediterranean</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Biogeography</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><note type="content"> Appendix S1 Supplementary figures (Figs S1–S7) for geometric morphometrics and predictive models. Appendix S2 List of specimens with details of sampling localities. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer‐reviewed and may be re‐organized for online delivery, but are not copy‐edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Appendix S1 Supplementary figures (Figs S1–S7) for geometric morphometrics and predictive models. Appendix S2 List of specimens with details of sampling localities. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer‐reviewed and may be re‐organized for online delivery, but are not copy‐edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Appendix S1 Supplementary figures (Figs S1–S7) for geometric morphometrics and predictive models. Appendix S2 List of specimens with details of sampling localities. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer‐reviewed and may be re‐organized for online delivery, but are not copy‐edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.Supporting Info Item: Supporting info item - Supporting info item - </note><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0305-0270</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2699</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2699</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JBI</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>854</start><end>867</end><total>14</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">BF014C211075B930A5061994058E0B6352F52345</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02452.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JBI2452</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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