Unlocking the Value of Clinical Information: What You Need to Do Now to Enjoy the Benefits in the Future
Identifieur interne : 000E04 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E03; suivant : 000E05Unlocking the Value of Clinical Information: What You Need to Do Now to Enjoy the Benefits in the Future
Auteurs : Hooman Katirai ; Ulrich SaxSource :
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science [ 0302-9743 ] ; 2005.
Abstract
Abstract: Electronic communication and connectivity are among the core functionalities of an Electronic Health Record (EHR) infrastructure with comprehensive life-long records. But clinical data is still mostly locked up in disjoint data silos, and often stored in non-standard formats. This paper elucidates the opportunities and drawbacks of using the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) as a standard for storing clinical information for computer decision support and knowledge management. As EHR document standards are continually being improved, we argue that the ease in upgrading to new standards should be a significant factor in the design of an EHR infrastructure. To achieve this upgradeability, we need to decouple a document’s data from the standards used to represent the data. We argue that this separation between data and form can be achieved using a technique called compilable templates, which was recently developed by the authors in a Personal Health Record (PHR) project. Web services offer a compelling means of implementing such templates owing to their language and platform neutrality. Finally we show that some software that one would typically expect to find in a knowledge management context can be automatically generated from a compilable template, saving time and money while reducing the possibility of error.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/11590019_38
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:E8F0C475F2E38E8D5B4AE767EE99CA71A8C020C0Le document en format XML
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But clinical data is still mostly locked up in disjoint data silos, and often stored in non-standard formats. This paper elucidates the opportunities and drawbacks of using the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) as a standard for storing clinical information for computer decision support and knowledge management. As EHR document standards are continually being improved, we argue that the ease in upgrading to new standards should be a significant factor in the design of an EHR infrastructure. To achieve this upgradeability, we need to decouple a document’s data from the standards used to represent the data. We argue that this separation between data and form can be achieved using a technique called compilable templates, which was recently developed by the authors in a Personal Health Record (PHR) project. Web services offer a compelling means of implementing such templates owing to their language and platform neutrality. Finally we show that some software that one would typically expect to find in a knowledge management context can be automatically generated from a compilable template, saving time and money while reducing the possibility of error.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Hooman Katirai</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinical Decision Making Group, MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 32 Vassar Street, Area 250, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA</json:string><json:string>Children’s Hospital Informatics Program (CHIP), Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, 320 Longwood Ave, 02125, Boston, MA, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Medical Informatics, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: hooman@MIT.edu</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ulrich Sax</name><affiliations><json:string>Children’s Hospital Informatics Program (CHIP), Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, 320 Longwood Ave, 02125, Boston, MA, USA</json:string><json:string>Department of Medical Informatics, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: usax@med.uni-goettingen.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>OriginalPaper</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Electronic communication and connectivity are among the core functionalities of an Electronic Health Record (EHR) infrastructure with comprehensive life-long records. But clinical data is still mostly locked up in disjoint data silos, and often stored in non-standard formats. This paper elucidates the opportunities and drawbacks of using the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) as a standard for storing clinical information for computer decision support and knowledge management. As EHR document standards are continually being improved, we argue that the ease in upgrading to new standards should be a significant factor in the design of an EHR infrastructure. To achieve this upgradeability, we need to decouple a document’s data from the standards used to represent the data. We argue that this separation between data and form can be achieved using a technique called compilable templates, which was recently developed by the authors in a Personal Health Record (PHR) project. Web services offer a compelling means of implementing such templates owing to their language and platform neutrality. 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Pandu Rangan</name><affiliations><json:string>Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Bernhard Steffen</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Dortmund, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Madhu Sudan</name><affiliations><json:string>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Demetri Terzopoulos</name><affiliations><json:string>New York University, NY, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dough Tygar</name><affiliations><json:string>University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Moshe Y. Vardi</name><affiliations><json:string>Rice University, Houston, TX, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Gerhard Weikum</name><affiliations><json:string>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></editor><issn><json:string>0302-9743</json:string></issn><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1611-3349</json:string></eissn><title>Lecture Notes in Computer Science</title><copyrightDate>2005</copyrightDate></serie><host><editor><json:item><name>Klaus-Dieter Althoff</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Computer Science, University of Hildesheim, Marienburger Platz 22, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: althoff@iis.uni-hildesheim.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Andreas Dengel</name><affiliations><json:string>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: Andreas.Dengel@dfki.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ralph Bergmann</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Business Information Systems II, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: bergmann@uni-trier.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Markus Nick</name><affiliations><json:string>Department for Experience Management, Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering, Kaiserslautern</json:string><json:string>E-mail: nick@iese.fraunhofer.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Thomas Roth-Berghofer</name><affiliations><json:string>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Trippstadter Straße 122, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: Thomas.Roth-Berghofer@dfki.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item></editor><subject><json:item><value>Computer Science</value></json:item><json:item><value>Computer Science</value></json:item><json:item><value>Artificial Intelligence (incl. 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Future</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Hooman</forename><surname>Katirai</surname></persName><email>hooman@MIT.edu</email><affiliation>Clinical Decision Making Group, MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 32 Vassar Street, Area 250, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Children’s Hospital Informatics Program (CHIP), Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, 320 Longwood Ave, 02125, Boston, MA, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Ulrich</forename><surname>Sax</surname></persName><email>usax@med.uni-goettingen.de</email><affiliation>Children’s Hospital Informatics Program (CHIP), Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, 320 Longwood Ave, 02125, Boston, MA, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Professional Knowledge Management</title><title level="m" type="sub">Third Biennial Conference, WM 2005, Kaiserslautern, Germany, April 10-13, 2005, Revised Selected Papers</title><idno type="pISBN">978-3-540-30465-4</idno><idno type="eISBN">978-3-540-31620-6</idno><idno type="pISSN">0302-9743</idno><idno type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/11590019</idno><idno type="book-ID">978-3-540-31620-6</idno><idno type="book-title-ID">127867</idno><idno type="book-sequence-number">3782</idno><idno type="book-volume-number">3782</idno><idno type="book-chapter-count">82</idno><editor><persName><forename type="first">Klaus-Dieter</forename><surname>Althoff</surname></persName><email>althoff@iis.uni-hildesheim.de</email><affiliation>Institute of Computer Science, University of Hildesheim, Marienburger Platz 22, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Andreas</forename><surname>Dengel</surname></persName><email>Andreas.Dengel@dfki.de</email><affiliation>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Ralph</forename><surname>Bergmann</surname></persName><email>bergmann@uni-trier.de</email><affiliation>Department of Business Information Systems II, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Markus</forename><surname>Nick</surname></persName><email>nick@iese.fraunhofer.de</email><affiliation>Department for Experience Management, Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering, Kaiserslautern</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Thomas</forename><surname>Roth-Berghofer</surname></persName><email>Thomas.Roth-Berghofer@dfki.de</email><affiliation>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Trippstadter Straße 122, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany</affiliation></editor><imprint><publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin, Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2005"></date><biblScope unit="volume">3782</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="330">330</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="338">338</biblScope></imprint></monogr><series><title level="s">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</title><editor><persName><forename type="first">David</forename><surname>Hutchison</surname></persName><affiliation>Lancaster University, UK</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Takeo</forename><surname>Kanade</surname></persName><affiliation>Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Josef</forename><surname>Kittler</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Surrey, Guildford, UK</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Jon</forename><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Kleinberg</surname></persName><affiliation>Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Friedemann</forename><surname>Mattern</surname></persName><affiliation>ETH Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Mitchell</surname></persName><affiliation>Stanford University, CA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Moni</forename><surname>Naor</surname></persName><affiliation>Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Oscar</forename><surname>Nierstrasz</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Bern, Switzerland</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Pandu Rangan</surname></persName><affiliation>Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Bernhard</forename><surname>Steffen</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Dortmund, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Madhu</forename><surname>Sudan</surname></persName><affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Demetri</forename><surname>Terzopoulos</surname></persName><affiliation>New York University, NY, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Dough</forename><surname>Tygar</surname></persName><affiliation>University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Moshe</forename><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>Vardi</surname></persName><affiliation>Rice University, Houston, TX, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Gerhard</forename><surname>Weikum</surname></persName><affiliation>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany</affiliation></editor><biblScope><date>2005</date></biblScope><idno type="pISSN">0302-9743</idno><idno type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><idno type="series-Id">558</idno></series><series><title level="s">Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence</title><editor><persName><forename type="first">David</forename><surname>Hutchison</surname></persName><affiliation>Lancaster University, UK</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Takeo</forename><surname>Kanade</surname></persName><affiliation>Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Josef</forename><surname>Kittler</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Surrey, Guildford, UK</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Jon</forename><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Kleinberg</surname></persName><affiliation>Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Friedemann</forename><surname>Mattern</surname></persName><affiliation>ETH Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Mitchell</surname></persName><affiliation>Stanford University, CA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Moni</forename><surname>Naor</surname></persName><affiliation>Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Oscar</forename><surname>Nierstrasz</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Bern, Switzerland</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Pandu Rangan</surname></persName><affiliation>Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Bernhard</forename><surname>Steffen</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Dortmund, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Madhu</forename><surname>Sudan</surname></persName><affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Demetri</forename><surname>Terzopoulos</surname></persName><affiliation>New York University, NY, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Dough</forename><surname>Tygar</surname></persName><affiliation>University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Moshe</forename><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>Vardi</surname></persName><affiliation>Rice University, Houston, TX, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Gerhard</forename><surname>Weikum</surname></persName><affiliation>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Jaime</forename><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Carbonell</surname></persName><affiliation>Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Jörg</forename><surname>Siekmann</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Klaus-Dieter</forename><surname>Althoff</surname></persName><email>althoff@iis.uni-hildesheim.de</email><affiliation>Institute of Computer Science, University of Hildesheim, Marienburger Platz 22, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Andreas</forename><surname>Dengel</surname></persName><email>Andreas.Dengel@dfki.de</email><affiliation>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Ralph</forename><surname>Bergmann</surname></persName><email>bergmann@uni-trier.de</email><affiliation>Department of Business Information Systems II, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Markus</forename><surname>Nick</surname></persName><email>nick@iese.fraunhofer.de</email><affiliation>Department for Experience Management, Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering, Kaiserslautern</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Thomas</forename><surname>Roth-Berghofer</surname></persName><email>Thomas.Roth-Berghofer@dfki.de</email><affiliation>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Trippstadter Straße 122, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany</affiliation></editor><idno type="pISSN">0302-9743</idno><idno type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><biblScope unit="seriesId">1244</biblScope></series><idno type="istex">E8F0C475F2E38E8D5B4AE767EE99CA71A8C020C0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/11590019_38</idno><idno type="ChapterID">38</idno><idno type="ChapterID">Chap38</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2005</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: Electronic communication and connectivity are among the core functionalities of an Electronic Health Record (EHR) infrastructure with comprehensive life-long records. But clinical data is still mostly locked up in disjoint data silos, and often stored in non-standard formats. This paper elucidates the opportunities and drawbacks of using the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) as a standard for storing clinical information for computer decision support and knowledge management. As EHR document standards are continually being improved, we argue that the ease in upgrading to new standards should be a significant factor in the design of an EHR infrastructure. To achieve this upgradeability, we need to decouple a document’s data from the standards used to represent the data. We argue that this separation between data and form can be achieved using a technique called compilable templates, which was recently developed by the authors in a Personal Health Record (PHR) project. Web services offer a compelling means of implementing such templates owing to their language and platform neutrality. Finally we show that some software that one would typically expect to find in a knowledge management context can be automatically generated from a compilable template, saving time and money while reducing the possibility of error.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Book-Subject-Collection"><list><label>SUCO11645</label><item><term>Computer Science</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Book-Subject-Group"><list><label>I</label><label>I21017</label><label>I18032</label><label>I18040</label><label>I2301X</label><label>I24032</label><item><term>Computer Science</term></item><item><term>Artificial Intelligence (incl. 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ID="Aff14"><OrgName>Rice University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Houston</City><State>TX</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff15"><OrgName>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Saarbruecken</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></SeriesHeader><SubSeries><SubSeriesInfo><SubSeriesID>1244</SubSeriesID><SubSeriesPrintISSN>0302-9743</SubSeriesPrintISSN><SubSeriesElectronicISSN>1611-3349</SubSeriesElectronicISSN><SubSeriesTitle Language="En">Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence</SubSeriesTitle></SubSeriesInfo><SubSeriesHeader><EditorGroup><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff16"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Jaime</GivenName><GivenName>G.</GivenName><FamilyName>Carbonell</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff17"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Jörg</GivenName><FamilyName>Siekmann</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Affiliation 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Robotics)</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18032" Priority="2" Type="Secondary">Information Storage and Retrieval</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18040" Priority="3" Type="Secondary">Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I2301X" Priority="4" Type="Secondary">Computer Appl. in Administrative Data Processing</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I24032" Priority="5" Type="Secondary">Computers and Education</BookSubject><SubjectCollection Code="SUCO11645">Computer Science</SubjectCollection></BookSubjectGroup><BookContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><SubSeriesID>1244</SubSeriesID></BookContext></BookInfo><BookHeader><EditorGroup><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff18"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Klaus-Dieter</GivenName><FamilyName>Althoff</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>althoff@iis.uni-hildesheim.de</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff19"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Andreas</GivenName><FamilyName>Dengel</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>Andreas.Dengel@dfki.de</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff20"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Ralph</GivenName><FamilyName>Bergmann</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>bergmann@uni-trier.de</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff21"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Markus</GivenName><FamilyName>Nick</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>nick@iese.fraunhofer.de</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff22"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Thomas</GivenName><FamilyName>Roth-Berghofer</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>Thomas.Roth-Berghofer@dfki.de</Email></Contact></Editor><Affiliation ID="Aff18"><OrgDivision>Institute of Computer Science</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Hildesheim</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Marienburger Platz 22</Street><Postcode>31141</Postcode><City>Hildesheim</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff19"><OrgDivision>Knowledge Management Department</OrgDivision><OrgName>German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Kaiserslautern</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff20"><OrgDivision>Department of Business Information Systems II</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Trier</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Trier</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff21"><OrgDivision>Department for Experience Management</OrgDivision><OrgName>Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Kaiserslautern</City></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff22"><OrgDivision>Knowledge Management Department</OrgDivision><OrgName>German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Trippstadter Straße 122</Street><Postcode>67663</Postcode><City>Kaiserslautern</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></BookHeader><Part ID="Part8"><PartInfo TocLevels="0"><PartID>8</PartID><PartSequenceNumber>8</PartSequenceNumber><PartTitle>Knowledge Management in Medicine (KMM)</PartTitle><PartChapterCount>7</PartChapterCount><PartContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><BookTitle>Professional Knowledge Management</BookTitle></PartContext></PartInfo><Chapter ID="Chap38" Language="En"><ChapterInfo ChapterType="OriginalPaper" ContainsESM="No" NumberingDepth="2" NumberingStyle="ContentOnly" TocLevels="0"><ChapterID>38</ChapterID><ChapterDOI>10.1007/11590019_38</ChapterDOI><ChapterSequenceNumber>38</ChapterSequenceNumber><ChapterTitle Language="En">Unlocking the Value of Clinical Information: What You Need to Do Now to Enjoy the Benefits in the Future</ChapterTitle><ChapterFirstPage>330</ChapterFirstPage><ChapterLastPage>338</ChapterLastPage><ChapterCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2005</CopyrightYear></ChapterCopyright><ChapterGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ChapterGrants><ChapterContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><PartID>8</PartID><BookID>978-3-540-31620-6</BookID><BookTitle>Professional Knowledge Management</BookTitle></ChapterContext></ChapterInfo><ChapterHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff23 Aff24 Aff25"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Hooman</GivenName><FamilyName>Katirai</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>hooman@MIT.edu</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff24 Aff25"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Ulrich</GivenName><FamilyName>Sax</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>usax@med.uni-goettingen.de</Email></Contact></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff23"><OrgDivision>Clinical Decision Making Group</OrgDivision><OrgName>MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>32 Vassar Street, Area 250</Street><City>Cambridge</City><State>MA</State><Postcode>02139</Postcode><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff24"><OrgDivision>Children’s Hospital Informatics Program (CHIP)</OrgDivision><OrgName>Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>320 Longwood Ave</Street><City>Boston</City><State>MA</State><Postcode>02125</Postcode><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff25"><OrgName>Department of Medical Informatics</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Robert-Koch-Str. 40</Street><Postcode>37075</Postcode><City>Goettingen</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>Electronic communication and connectivity are among the core functionalities of an Electronic Health Record (EHR) infrastructure with comprehensive life-long records. But clinical data is still mostly locked up in disjoint data silos, and often stored in non-standard formats. This paper elucidates the opportunities and drawbacks of using the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) as a standard for storing clinical information for computer decision support and knowledge management. As EHR document standards are continually being improved, we argue that the ease in upgrading to new standards should be a significant factor in the design of an EHR infrastructure. To achieve this upgradeability, we need to decouple a document’s data from the standards used to represent the data. We argue that this separation between data and form can be achieved using a technique called <Emphasis Type="Italic">compilable templates,</Emphasis> which was recently developed by the authors in a Personal Health Record (PHR) project. Web services offer a compelling means of implementing such templates owing to their language and platform neutrality. Finally we show that some software that one would typically expect to find in a knowledge management context can be automatically generated from a compilable template, saving time and money while reducing the possibility of error.</Para></Abstract></ChapterHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Chapter></Part></Book></Series></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Unlocking the Value of Clinical Information: What You Need to Do Now to Enjoy the Benefits in the Future</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Unlocking the Value of Clinical Information: What You Need to Do Now to Enjoy the Benefits in the Future</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hooman</namePart><namePart type="family">Katirai</namePart><affiliation>Clinical Decision Making Group, MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 32 Vassar Street, Area 250, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Children’s Hospital Informatics Program (CHIP), Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, 320 Longwood Ave, 02125, Boston, MA, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: hooman@MIT.edu</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ulrich</namePart><namePart type="family">Sax</namePart><affiliation>Children’s Hospital Informatics Program (CHIP), Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, 320 Longwood Ave, 02125, Boston, MA, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Medical Informatics, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: usax@med.uni-goettingen.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="conference" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin, Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2005</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Electronic communication and connectivity are among the core functionalities of an Electronic Health Record (EHR) infrastructure with comprehensive life-long records. But clinical data is still mostly locked up in disjoint data silos, and often stored in non-standard formats. This paper elucidates the opportunities and drawbacks of using the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) as a standard for storing clinical information for computer decision support and knowledge management. As EHR document standards are continually being improved, we argue that the ease in upgrading to new standards should be a significant factor in the design of an EHR infrastructure. To achieve this upgradeability, we need to decouple a document’s data from the standards used to represent the data. We argue that this separation between data and form can be achieved using a technique called compilable templates, which was recently developed by the authors in a Personal Health Record (PHR) project. Web services offer a compelling means of implementing such templates owing to their language and platform neutrality. Finally we show that some software that one would typically expect to find in a knowledge management context can be automatically generated from a compilable template, saving time and money while reducing the possibility of error.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Professional Knowledge Management</title><subTitle>Third Biennial Conference, WM 2005, Kaiserslautern, Germany, April 10-13, 2005, Revised Selected Papers</subTitle></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Klaus-Dieter</namePart><namePart type="family">Althoff</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Computer Science, University of Hildesheim, Marienburger Platz 22, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: althoff@iis.uni-hildesheim.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andreas</namePart><namePart type="family">Dengel</namePart><affiliation>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Andreas.Dengel@dfki.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ralph</namePart><namePart type="family">Bergmann</namePart><affiliation>Department of Business Information Systems II, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: bergmann@uni-trier.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Markus</namePart><namePart type="family">Nick</namePart><affiliation>Department for Experience Management, Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering, Kaiserslautern</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: nick@iese.fraunhofer.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Thomas</namePart><namePart type="family">Roth-Berghofer</namePart><affiliation>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Trippstadter Straße 122, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Thomas.Roth-Berghofer@dfki.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="book-series" displayLabel="Proceedings"></genre><originInfo><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><subject><genre>Book-Subject-Collection</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="SUCO11645">Computer Science</topic></subject><subject><genre>Book-Subject-Group</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I">Computer Science</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I21017">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I18032">Information Storage and Retrieval</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I18040">Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I2301X">Computer Appl. in Administrative Data Processing</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I24032">Computers and Education</topic></subject><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/11590019</identifier><identifier type="ISBN">978-3-540-30465-4</identifier><identifier type="eISBN">978-3-540-31620-6</identifier><identifier type="ISSN">0302-9743</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1611-3349</identifier><identifier type="BookTitleID">127867</identifier><identifier type="BookID">978-3-540-31620-6</identifier><identifier type="BookChapterCount">82</identifier><identifier type="BookVolumeNumber">3782</identifier><identifier type="BookSequenceNumber">3782</identifier><identifier type="PartChapterCount">7</identifier><part><date>2005</date><detail type="part"><title>Knowledge Management in Medicine (KMM)</title></detail><detail type="volume"><number>3782</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>330</start><end>338</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2005</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><relatedItem type="series"><titleInfo><title>Lecture Notes in Computer Science</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David</namePart><namePart type="family">Hutchison</namePart><affiliation>Lancaster University, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Takeo</namePart><namePart type="family">Kanade</namePart><affiliation>Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Kittler</namePart><affiliation>University of Surrey, Guildford, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jon</namePart><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleinberg</namePart><affiliation>Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Friedemann</namePart><namePart type="family">Mattern</namePart><affiliation>ETH Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><affiliation>Stanford University, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moni</namePart><namePart type="family">Naor</namePart><affiliation>Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oscar</namePart><namePart type="family">Nierstrasz</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pandu Rangan</namePart><affiliation>Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bernhard</namePart><namePart type="family">Steffen</namePart><affiliation>University of Dortmund, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Madhu</namePart><namePart type="family">Sudan</namePart><affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Demetri</namePart><namePart type="family">Terzopoulos</namePart><affiliation>New York University, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dough</namePart><namePart type="family">Tygar</namePart><affiliation>University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moshe</namePart><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vardi</namePart><affiliation>Rice University, Houston, TX, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gerhard</namePart><namePart type="family">Weikum</namePart><affiliation>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2005</copyrightDate><issuance>serial</issuance></originInfo><relatedItem type="constituent"><titleInfo><title>Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David</namePart><namePart type="family">Hutchison</namePart><affiliation>Lancaster University, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Takeo</namePart><namePart type="family">Kanade</namePart><affiliation>Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Kittler</namePart><affiliation>University of Surrey, Guildford, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jon</namePart><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleinberg</namePart><affiliation>Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Friedemann</namePart><namePart type="family">Mattern</namePart><affiliation>ETH Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><affiliation>Stanford University, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moni</namePart><namePart type="family">Naor</namePart><affiliation>Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oscar</namePart><namePart type="family">Nierstrasz</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pandu Rangan</namePart><affiliation>Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bernhard</namePart><namePart type="family">Steffen</namePart><affiliation>University of Dortmund, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Madhu</namePart><namePart type="family">Sudan</namePart><affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Demetri</namePart><namePart type="family">Terzopoulos</namePart><affiliation>New York University, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dough</namePart><namePart type="family">Tygar</namePart><affiliation>University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moshe</namePart><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vardi</namePart><affiliation>Rice University, Houston, TX, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gerhard</namePart><namePart type="family">Weikum</namePart><affiliation>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jaime</namePart><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Carbonell</namePart><affiliation>Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jörg</namePart><namePart type="family">Siekmann</namePart><affiliation>University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Klaus-Dieter</namePart><namePart type="family">Althoff</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Computer Science, University of Hildesheim, Marienburger Platz 22, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: althoff@iis.uni-hildesheim.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andreas</namePart><namePart type="family">Dengel</namePart><affiliation>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Andreas.Dengel@dfki.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ralph</namePart><namePart type="family">Bergmann</namePart><affiliation>Department of Business Information Systems II, University of Trier, Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: bergmann@uni-trier.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Markus</namePart><namePart type="family">Nick</namePart><affiliation>Department for Experience Management, Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering, Kaiserslautern</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: nick@iese.fraunhofer.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Thomas</namePart><namePart type="family">Roth-Berghofer</namePart><affiliation>Knowledge Management Department, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH, Trippstadter Straße 122, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Thomas.Roth-Berghofer@dfki.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="sub-series"></genre><identifier type="ISSN">0302-9743</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1611-3349</identifier><identifier type="SubSeriesID">1244</identifier></relatedItem><identifier type="ISSN">0302-9743</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1611-3349</identifier><identifier type="SeriesID">558</identifier><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2005</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">E8F0C475F2E38E8D5B4AE767EE99CA71A8C020C0</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/11590019_38</identifier><identifier type="ChapterID">38</identifier><identifier type="ChapterID">Chap38</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 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