Elicitation of the immune response to p‐phenylenediamine in allergic patients: the role of dose and exposure time
Identifieur interne : 000D98 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000D97; suivant : 000D99Elicitation of the immune response to p‐phenylenediamine in allergic patients: the role of dose and exposure time
Auteurs : C. Goebel ; P. Coenraads ; H. Rothe ; G. Kunze ; M. Kock ; H. Schlatter ; G. F. Gerberick ; B. BlömekeSource :
- British Journal of Dermatology [ 0007-0963 ] ; 2010-12.
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Abstract
Background Usage of hair dye products containing p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is a concern for PPD‐allergic individuals.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10009.x
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ISTEX:AF1619807892A698FC2A24D1EAC8ABDFF684773FLe document en format XML
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Rothe</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kunze, G" sort="Kunze, G" uniqKey="Kunze G" first="G." last="Kunze">G. Kunze</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kock, M" sort="Kock, M" uniqKey="Kock M" first="M." last="Kock">M. Kock</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlatter, H" sort="Schlatter, H" uniqKey="Schlatter H" first="H." last="Schlatter">H. Schlatter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerberick, G F" sort="Gerberick, G F" uniqKey="Gerberick G" first="G. F." last="Gerberick">G. F. Gerberick</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blomeke, B" sort="Blomeke, B" uniqKey="Blomeke B" first="B." last="Blömeke">B. 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Kunze</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kock, M" sort="Kock, M" uniqKey="Kock M" first="M." last="Kock">M. Kock</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlatter, H" sort="Schlatter, H" uniqKey="Schlatter H" first="H." last="Schlatter">H. Schlatter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerberick, G F" sort="Gerberick, G F" uniqKey="Gerberick G" first="G. F." last="Gerberick">G. F. Gerberick</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blomeke, B" sort="Blomeke, B" uniqKey="Blomeke B" first="B." last="Blömeke">B. Blömeke</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Toxicology, Trier University, Am Wissenschaftspark 25–27, 54296 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">British Journal of Dermatology</title><idno type="ISSN">0007-0963</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2133</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-12">2010-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">163</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1205">1205</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1211">1211</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0007-0963</idno></series><idno type="istex">AF1619807892A698FC2A24D1EAC8ABDFF684773F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10009.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BJD10009</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0007-0963</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>allergic contact dermatitis</term><term>exposure‐dependent elicitation</term><term>measured exposure level</term><term>permanent hair dyeing</term><term>p‐phenylenediamine</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background Usage of hair dye products containing p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is a concern for PPD‐allergic individuals.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>C. Goebel</name><affiliations><json:string>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P.‐J. Coenraads</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. Rothe</name><affiliations><json:string>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Kunze</name><affiliations><json:string>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Kock</name><affiliations><json:string>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. Schlatter</name><affiliations><json:string>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G.F. Gerberick</name><affiliations><json:string>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. 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Cottin</name></json:item><json:item><name>A Cristaudo</name></json:item></author><host><volume>15</volume><pages><last>25</last><first>18</first></pages><author></author><title>Eur J Dermatol</title></host><title>Sensitivity and specificity of the consumer open skin allergy test as a method of prediction of contact dermatitis to hair dyes</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>163</volume><publisherId><json:string>BJD</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>7</total><last>1211</last><first>1205</first></pages><issn><json:string>0007-0963</json:string></issn><issue>6</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1365-2133</json:string></eissn><title>British Journal of 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diseases</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10009.x</json:string></doi><id>AF1619807892A698FC2A24D1EAC8ABDFF684773F</id><score>0.59648466</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/AF1619807892A698FC2A24D1EAC8ABDFF684773F/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/AF1619807892A698FC2A24D1EAC8ABDFF684773F/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/AF1619807892A698FC2A24D1EAC8ABDFF684773F/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Elicitation of the immune response to p‐phenylenediamine in allergic patients: the role of dose and exposure time</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>© 2010 The Authors. BJD © 2010 British Association of Dermatologists</p></availability><date>2010</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Elicitation of the immune response to p‐phenylenediamine in allergic patients: the role of dose and exposure time</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Goebel</surname></persName><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">P.‐J.</forename><surname>Coenraads</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Rothe</surname></persName><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Kunze</surname></persName><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Kock</surname></persName><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Schlatter</surname></persName><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">G.F.</forename><surname>Gerberick</surname></persName><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-8"><persName><forename type="first">B.</forename><surname>Blömeke</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Environmental Toxicology, Trier University, Am Wissenschaftspark 25–27, 54296 Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">British Journal of Dermatology</title><idno type="pISSN">0007-0963</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2133</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2133</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-12"></date><biblScope unit="volume">163</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1205">1205</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1211">1211</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">AF1619807892A698FC2A24D1EAC8ABDFF684773F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10009.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BJD10009</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Background Usage of hair dye products containing p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is a concern for PPD‐allergic individuals.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Objectives The present study investigates the role of dose and exposure time on elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis under conditions of permanent hair dyeing.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Methods Elicitation responses after application of a typical hair dye product containing 2% PPD for 30 min followed by rinsing were analysed in 38 PPD‐allergic individuals with a documented history of hair dye‐related allergy. Skin binding experiments in vitro were performed to distinguish the dose available for elicitation from the dose applied.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Results A positive reaction was elicited in 20 of 20 patients with grades ++ to +++ and 12 of 18 with grade + according to the classification of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Under conditions of diagnostic patch testing (48 h exposure), the dose available for elicitation is more than 10‐fold higher compared with the dose available for hair dyeing (30‐min exposure, rinsing of product).</p></abstract><abstract><p>Conclusions This investigation demonstrates that under simulated hair dye use conditions the actual exposure to PPD is more than an order of magnitude lower than under diagnostic patch testing, although sufficient to elicit a clearly noticeable reaction in 84% of PPD patch test‐positive individuals.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>allergic contact dermatitis</term></item><item><term>exposure‐dependent elicitation</term></item><item><term>measured exposure level</term></item><item><term>permanent hair dyeing</term></item><item><term>p‐phenylenediamine</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-12">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/AF1619807892A698FC2A24D1EAC8ABDFF684773F/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2133</doi><issn type="print">0007-0963</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-2133</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="BJD"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY">British Journal of Dermatology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="12106"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/bjd.2010.163.issue-6</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="163">163</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="6">6</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2010-12">December 2010</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="12" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10009.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="BJD10009"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="7"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original articles</title><title type="tocHeading2">Contact dermatitis and allergy</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2010 The Authors. BJD © 2010 British Association of Dermatologists</copyright><eventGroup><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.27 mode:FullText" date="2010-11-18"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAccepted" date="2010-08-26"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2010-11-04"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-11-04"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-11-18"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-15"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-15"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="1205">1205</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="1211">1211</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Brunhilde Blömeke.
E‐mail: <email normalForm="bloemeke@uni-trier.de">bloemeke@uni‐trier.de</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:BJD.BJD10009.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Accepted for publication 9 August 2010</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Elicitation of the immune response to <i>p</i>‐phenylenediamine in allergic patients: the role of dose and exposure time</title><title type="shortAuthors">C. Goebel <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Exposure‐dependent elicitation response to <i>p</i>‐phenylenediamine</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>C.</givenNames><familyName>Goebel</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>P.‐J.</givenNames><familyName>Coenraads</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>H.</givenNames><familyName>Rothe</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>G.</givenNames><familyName>Kunze</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>M.</givenNames><familyName>Kock</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>H.</givenNames><familyName>Schlatter</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>G.F.</givenNames><familyName>Gerberick</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr8" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>B.</givenNames><familyName>Blömeke</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="NL"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Environmental Toxicology, Trier University, Am Wissenschaftspark 25–27, 54296 Trier, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">allergic contact dermatitis</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">exposure‐dependent elicitation</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">measured exposure level</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">permanent hair dyeing</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">p‐phenylenediamine</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Summary</title><p><b>Background </b> Usage of hair dye products containing <i>p</i>‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is a concern for PPD‐allergic individuals.</p><p><b>Objectives </b> The present study investigates the role of dose and exposure time on elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis under conditions of permanent hair dyeing.</p><p><b>Methods </b> Elicitation responses after application of a typical hair dye product containing 2% PPD for 30 min followed by rinsing were analysed in 38 PPD‐allergic individuals with a documented history of hair dye‐related allergy. Skin binding experiments <i>in vitro</i> were performed to distinguish the dose available for elicitation from the dose applied.</p><p><b>Results </b> A positive reaction was elicited in 20 of 20 patients with grades ++ to +++ and 12 of 18 with grade + according to the classification of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Under conditions of diagnostic patch testing (48 h exposure), the dose available for elicitation is more than 10‐fold higher compared with the dose available for hair dyeing (30‐min exposure, rinsing of product).</p><p><b>Conclusions </b> This investigation demonstrates that under simulated hair dye use conditions the actual exposure to PPD is more than an order of magnitude lower than under diagnostic patch testing, although sufficient to elicit a clearly noticeable reaction in 84% of PPD patch test‐positive individuals.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>Conflicts of interest
C.G., H.R., G.K., M.K., H.S. and G.F.G. are employees of the Procter & Gamble Company. The hair dye ingredient studied in this paper is currently used in commercial products marketed by the Procter & Gamble Company. P.‐J.C. and B.B. participated as study directors and experts in skin sensitization. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Elicitation of the immune response to p‐phenylenediamine in allergic patients: the role of dose and exposure time</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Exposure‐dependent elicitation response to p‐phenylenediamine</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Elicitation of the immune response to p‐phenylenediamine in allergic patients: the role of dose and exposure time</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Goebel</namePart><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.‐J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Coenraads</namePart><affiliation>Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rothe</namePart><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kunze</namePart><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kock</namePart><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schlatter</namePart><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gerberick</namePart><affiliation>The Procter & Gamble Company, Central Product Safety, Darmstadt, Germany and Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Blömeke</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Toxicology, Trier University, Am Wissenschaftspark 25–27, 54296 Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-12</dateIssued><edition>Accepted for publication 9 August 2010</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Background Usage of hair dye products containing p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is a concern for PPD‐allergic individuals.</abstract><abstract>Objectives The present study investigates the role of dose and exposure time on elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis under conditions of permanent hair dyeing.</abstract><abstract>Methods Elicitation responses after application of a typical hair dye product containing 2% PPD for 30 min followed by rinsing were analysed in 38 PPD‐allergic individuals with a documented history of hair dye‐related allergy. Skin binding experiments in vitro were performed to distinguish the dose available for elicitation from the dose applied.</abstract><abstract>Results A positive reaction was elicited in 20 of 20 patients with grades ++ to +++ and 12 of 18 with grade + according to the classification of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Under conditions of diagnostic patch testing (48 h exposure), the dose available for elicitation is more than 10‐fold higher compared with the dose available for hair dyeing (30‐min exposure, rinsing of product).</abstract><abstract>Conclusions This investigation demonstrates that under simulated hair dye use conditions the actual exposure to PPD is more than an order of magnitude lower than under diagnostic patch testing, although sufficient to elicit a clearly noticeable reaction in 84% of PPD patch test‐positive individuals.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>allergic contact dermatitis</topic><topic>exposure‐dependent elicitation</topic><topic>measured exposure level</topic><topic>permanent hair dyeing</topic><topic>p‐phenylenediamine</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>British Journal of Dermatology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0007-0963</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2133</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2133</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">BJD</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>163</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1205</start><end>1211</end><total>7</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">AF1619807892A698FC2A24D1EAC8ABDFF684773F</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10009.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BJD10009</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2010 The Authors. 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