Adsorption of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils
Identifieur interne : 000B67 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000B66; suivant : 000B68Adsorption of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils
Auteurs : Sibylle Pagel-Wieder ; Frank Gessler ; Jürgen Niemeyer ; Dietmar SchröderSource :
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science [ 1436-8730 ] ; 2004-04.
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Abstract
The adsorption of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt‐toxin), which is synthesized in genetically modified maize, on sterilized Na‐montmorillonite and on H2O2‐treated and untreated clay fractions of three soils from different sites were studied. All adsorption isotherms can be described by a linear isotherm. Although all clay fractions from the different soils show nearly the same mineralogical composition, we found different affinities ranging from k = 47.7 to k = 366.7 of the adsorbates for the Bt‐toxin. The H2O2‐treated clay fractions show no correlation between the adsorption affinity and the amount of soil organic matter. On the other hand, there is a correlation between the content of organic carbon and the adsorption affinity of the untreated clay fractions. This can be explained by the fact that due to the coatings of soil organic matter on aggregates, the Bt‐toxin polymers are not able to adsorb within the clay aggregates.
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DOI: 10.1002/jpln.200321312
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ISTEX:D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Adsorption of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils</title><author><name sortKey="Pagel Ieder, Sibylle" sort="Pagel Ieder, Sibylle" uniqKey="Pagel Ieder S" first="Sibylle" last="Pagel-Wieder">Sibylle Pagel-Wieder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: spagel@gwdg.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gessler, Frank" sort="Gessler, Frank" uniqKey="Gessler F" first="Frank" last="Gessler">Frank Gessler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Jurgen" sort="Niemeyer, Jurgen" uniqKey="Niemeyer J" first="Jürgen" last="Niemeyer">Jürgen Niemeyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, Dietmar" sort="Schroder, Dietmar" uniqKey="Schroder D" first="Dietmar" last="Schröder">Dietmar Schröder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Soil Science, University of Trier, Campus II – Behringstraße, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4</idno><date when="2004" year="2004">2004</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/jpln.200321312</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000B67</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000B67</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Adsorption of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils</title><author><name sortKey="Pagel Ieder, Sibylle" sort="Pagel Ieder, Sibylle" uniqKey="Pagel Ieder S" first="Sibylle" last="Pagel-Wieder">Sibylle Pagel-Wieder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: spagel@gwdg.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gessler, Frank" sort="Gessler, Frank" uniqKey="Gessler F" first="Frank" last="Gessler">Frank Gessler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Jurgen" sort="Niemeyer, Jurgen" uniqKey="Niemeyer J" first="Jürgen" last="Niemeyer">Jürgen Niemeyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, Dietmar" sort="Schroder, Dietmar" uniqKey="Schroder D" first="Dietmar" last="Schröder">Dietmar Schröder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Soil Science, University of Trier, Campus II – Behringstraße, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.</title><idno type="ISSN">1436-8730</idno><idno type="eISSN">1522-2624</idno><imprint><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2004-04">2004-04</date><biblScope unit="volume">167</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="184">184</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="188">188</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1436-8730</idno></series><idno type="istex">D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jpln.200321312</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JPLN200321312</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1436-8730</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacillus thuringiensis</term><term>Bt‐toxin</term><term>Cry1Ab</term><term>adsorption</term><term>clay fraction</term><term>montmorillonite</term><term>soil organic matter</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The adsorption of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt‐toxin), which is synthesized in genetically modified maize, on sterilized Na‐montmorillonite and on H2O2‐treated and untreated clay fractions of three soils from different sites were studied. All adsorption isotherms can be described by a linear isotherm. Although all clay fractions from the different soils show nearly the same mineralogical composition, we found different affinities ranging from k = 47.7 to k = 366.7 of the adsorbates for the Bt‐toxin. The H2O2‐treated clay fractions show no correlation between the adsorption affinity and the amount of soil organic matter. On the other hand, there is a correlation between the content of organic carbon and the adsorption affinity of the untreated clay fractions. This can be explained by the fact that due to the coatings of soil organic matter on aggregates, the Bt‐toxin polymers are not able to adsorb within the clay aggregates.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Sibylle Pagel‐Wieder</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: spagel@gwdg.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Frank Gessler</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jürgen Niemeyer</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dietmar Schröder</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Soil Science, University of Trier, Campus II – Behringstraße, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Bacillus thuringiensis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Bt‐toxin</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Cry1Ab</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>adsorption</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>montmorillonite</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>clay fraction</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>soil organic matter</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JPLN200321312</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The adsorption of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt‐toxin), which is synthesized in genetically modified maize, on sterilized Na‐montmorillonite and on H2O2‐treated and untreated clay fractions of three soils from different sites were studied. All adsorption isotherms can be described by a linear isotherm. Although all clay fractions from the different soils show nearly the same mineralogical composition, we found different affinities ranging from k = 47.7 to k = 366.7 of the adsorbates for the Bt‐toxin. The H2O2‐treated clay fractions show no correlation between the adsorption affinity and the amount of soil organic matter. On the other hand, there is a correlation between the content of organic carbon and the adsorption affinity of the untreated clay fractions. This can be explained by the fact that due to the coatings of soil organic matter on aggregates, the Bt‐toxin polymers are not able to adsorb within the clay aggregates.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>4.664</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 794 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>951</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>2888</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>17505</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>5</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>148</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Adsorption of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>C. Crecchio</name></json:item><json:item><name>G. Stotzky</name></json:item></author><host><volume>33</volume><pages><last>581</last><first>573</first></pages><author></author><title>Soil Biol. 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Stotzky</name></json:item></author><host><volume>25</volume><pages><last>233</last><first>225</first></pages><author></author><title>Current Microbiology</title></host><title>Binding of the protoxin and toxin proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki on clay minerals.</title></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>167</volume><publisherId><json:string>JPLN</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>5</total><last>188</last><first>184</first></pages><issn><json:string>1436-8730</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1522-2624</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>soil science</json:string><json:string>plant sciences</json:string><json:string>agronomy</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>applied sciences</json:string><json:string>agriculture, fisheries & forestry</json:string><json:string>agronomy & agriculture</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2004</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2004</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/jpln.200321312</json:string></doi><id>D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4</id><score>0.7329048</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Adsorption of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</p></availability><date>2004</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Adsorption of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Sibylle</forename><surname>Pagel‐Wieder</surname></persName><email>spagel@gwdg.de</email><affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Frank</forename><surname>Gessler</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Jürgen</forename><surname>Niemeyer</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Dietmar</forename><surname>Schröder</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Soil Science, University of Trier, Campus II – Behringstraße, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.</title><idno type="pISSN">1436-8730</idno><idno type="eISSN">1522-2624</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624</idno><imprint><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2004-04"></date><biblScope unit="volume">167</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="184">184</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="188">188</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jpln.200321312</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JPLN200321312</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2004</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The adsorption of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt‐toxin), which is synthesized in genetically modified maize, on sterilized Na‐montmorillonite and on H2O2‐treated and untreated clay fractions of three soils from different sites were studied. All adsorption isotherms can be described by a linear isotherm. Although all clay fractions from the different soils show nearly the same mineralogical composition, we found different affinities ranging from k = 47.7 to k = 366.7 of the adsorbates for the Bt‐toxin. The H2O2‐treated clay fractions show no correlation between the adsorption affinity and the amount of soil organic matter. On the other hand, there is a correlation between the content of organic carbon and the adsorption affinity of the untreated clay fractions. This can be explained by the fact that due to the coatings of soil organic matter on aggregates, the Bt‐toxin polymers are not able to adsorb within the clay aggregates.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Adsorption des Toxins aus Bacillus thuringiensis (Cry1Ab) an Na‐Montmorillonit und an der Tonfraktion von Böden unterschiedlicher Standorte</p></abstract><abstract><p>Unter Berücksichtigung des Gehaltes an organischer Substanz wurde die Sorption des Toxins aus Bacillus thuringiensis an Na‐Montmorillonit und an H2O2‐behandelten und ‐unbehandelten Tonfraktionen von Böden drei unterschiedlicher Untersuchungsstandorte durchgeführt. Die Sorption von Bt‐Toxin lässt sich mit einer linearen Isotherme beschreiben. Die behandelten und die unbehandelten Tonfraktionen der Böden zeigen Affinitäten von k = 47.7 bis k = 366.7 gegenüber Bt‐Toxin, obwohl die Proben eine ähnliche chemisch‐mineralogische Zusammensetzung aufweisen. Es ist keine Korrelation zwischen dem Gehalt an organischer Substanz und den Affinitäten k erkennbar, wenn eine H2O2‐Behandlung der Proben stattgefunden hat. Jedoch zeigen die Proben ohne H2O2‐Behandlung mit geringen Gehalten an organischer Substanz hohe Affinitäten gegenüber dem Bt‐Toxin. Dieser Effekt ist möglicherweise darauf zurückzuführen, dass Mikroporen durch die organische Substanz verschlossen und somit nicht für das Bt‐Toxin zugänglich sind.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Bacillus thuringiensis</term></item><item><term>Bt‐toxin</term></item><item><term>Cry1Ab</term></item><item><term>adsorption</term></item><item><term>montmorillonite</term></item><item><term>clay fraction</term></item><item><term>soil organic matter</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2004-02-08">Registration</change><change when="2004-04">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisherName><publisherLoc>Weinheim</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624</doi><issn type="print">1436-8730</issn><issn type="electronic">1522-2624</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JPLN"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE ZEITSCHRIFT FUER PFLANZENERNAEHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE">Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title><title type="tocForm">Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science / Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde</title><title type="short">Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jpln.v167:2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="167">167</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2004-04">April, 2004</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="9" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jpln.200321312</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JPLN200321312"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="5"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2004-02-08"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2004-03-30"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2004-03-30"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.4.7 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2011-02-24"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">184</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">188</numbering></numberingGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JPLN.JPLN200321312.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="5"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="14"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Adsorption of the <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Sibylle</givenNames><familyName>Pagel‐Wieder</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>spagel@gwdg.de</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Frank</givenNames><familyName>Gessler</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Jürgen</givenNames><familyName>Niemeyer</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Dietmar</givenNames><familyName>Schröder</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Soil Science, University of Trier, Campus II – Behringstraße, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1"><i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">Bt‐toxin</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">Cry1Ab</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">adsorption</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">montmorillonite</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">clay fraction</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd7">soil organic matter</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The adsorption of the toxin from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt‐toxin), which is synthesized in genetically modified maize, on sterilized Na‐montmorillonite and on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐treated and untreated clay fractions of three soils from different sites were studied. All adsorption isotherms can be described by a linear isotherm. Although all clay fractions from the different soils show nearly the same mineralogical composition, we found different affinities ranging from <i>k </i>= 47.7 to <i>k </i>= 366.7 of the adsorbates for the Bt‐toxin. The H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐treated clay fractions show no correlation between the adsorption affinity and the amount of soil organic matter. On the other hand, there is a correlation between the content of organic carbon and the adsorption affinity of the untreated clay fractions. This can be explained by the fact that due to the coatings of soil organic matter on aggregates, the Bt‐toxin polymers are not able to adsorb within the clay aggregates.</p></abstract><abstract type="main" xml:lang="de"><p><b>Adsorption des Toxins aus </b><b><i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i></b><b> (Cry1Ab) an Na‐Montmorillonit und an der Tonfraktion von Böden unterschiedlicher Standorte</b></p><p>Unter Berücksichtigung des Gehaltes an organischer Substanz wurde die Sorption des Toxins aus <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> an Na‐Montmorillonit und an H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐behandelten und ‐unbehandelten Tonfraktionen von Böden drei unterschiedlicher Untersuchungsstandorte durchgeführt. Die Sorption von Bt‐Toxin lässt sich mit einer linearen Isotherme beschreiben. Die behandelten und die unbehandelten Tonfraktionen der Böden zeigen Affinitäten von <i>k </i>= 47.7 bis <i>k </i>= 366.7 gegenüber Bt‐Toxin, obwohl die Proben eine ähnliche chemisch‐mineralogische Zusammensetzung aufweisen. Es ist keine Korrelation zwischen dem Gehalt an organischer Substanz und den Affinitäten <i>k</i> erkennbar, wenn eine H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐Behandlung der Proben stattgefunden hat. Jedoch zeigen die Proben ohne H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐Behandlung mit geringen Gehalten an organischer Substanz hohe Affinitäten gegenüber dem Bt‐Toxin. Dieser Effekt ist möglicherweise darauf zurückzuführen, dass Mikroporen durch die organische Substanz verschlossen und somit nicht für das Bt‐Toxin zugänglich sind.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Adsorption of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Adsorption of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) on Na‐montmorillonite and on the clay fractions of different soils</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sibylle</namePart><namePart type="family">Pagel‐Wieder</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: spagel@gwdg.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Frank</namePart><namePart type="family">Gessler</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jürgen</namePart><namePart type="family">Niemeyer</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Applied Biotechnology in the Tropics, University of Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, D‐37077 Göttingen, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dietmar</namePart><namePart type="family">Schröder</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Soil Science, University of Trier, Campus II – Behringstraße, D‐54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Weinheim</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2004-04</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2004-02-08</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2004</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">5</extent><extent unit="references">14</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The adsorption of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt‐toxin), which is synthesized in genetically modified maize, on sterilized Na‐montmorillonite and on H2O2‐treated and untreated clay fractions of three soils from different sites were studied. All adsorption isotherms can be described by a linear isotherm. Although all clay fractions from the different soils show nearly the same mineralogical composition, we found different affinities ranging from k = 47.7 to k = 366.7 of the adsorbates for the Bt‐toxin. The H2O2‐treated clay fractions show no correlation between the adsorption affinity and the amount of soil organic matter. On the other hand, there is a correlation between the content of organic carbon and the adsorption affinity of the untreated clay fractions. This can be explained by the fact that due to the coatings of soil organic matter on aggregates, the Bt‐toxin polymers are not able to adsorb within the clay aggregates.</abstract><abstract>Adsorption des Toxins aus Bacillus thuringiensis (Cry1Ab) an Na‐Montmorillonit und an der Tonfraktion von Böden unterschiedlicher Standorte</abstract><abstract>Unter Berücksichtigung des Gehaltes an organischer Substanz wurde die Sorption des Toxins aus Bacillus thuringiensis an Na‐Montmorillonit und an H2O2‐behandelten und ‐unbehandelten Tonfraktionen von Böden drei unterschiedlicher Untersuchungsstandorte durchgeführt. Die Sorption von Bt‐Toxin lässt sich mit einer linearen Isotherme beschreiben. Die behandelten und die unbehandelten Tonfraktionen der Böden zeigen Affinitäten von k = 47.7 bis k = 366.7 gegenüber Bt‐Toxin, obwohl die Proben eine ähnliche chemisch‐mineralogische Zusammensetzung aufweisen. Es ist keine Korrelation zwischen dem Gehalt an organischer Substanz und den Affinitäten k erkennbar, wenn eine H2O2‐Behandlung der Proben stattgefunden hat. Jedoch zeigen die Proben ohne H2O2‐Behandlung mit geringen Gehalten an organischer Substanz hohe Affinitäten gegenüber dem Bt‐Toxin. Dieser Effekt ist möglicherweise darauf zurückzuführen, dass Mikroporen durch die organische Substanz verschlossen und somit nicht für das Bt‐Toxin zugänglich sind.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Bacillus thuringiensis</topic><topic>Bt‐toxin</topic><topic>Cry1Ab</topic><topic>adsorption</topic><topic>montmorillonite</topic><topic>clay fraction</topic><topic>soil organic matter</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1436-8730</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1522-2624</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JPLN</identifier><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>167</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>184</start><end>188</end><total>5</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">D936C91ECC706813D4D0EF94B18128ECC584DDF4</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jpln.200321312</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JPLN200321312</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 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