Comparison of German and Swiss Rainfall Simulators ‐ Experimental Setup
Identifieur interne : 000A19 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000A18; suivant : 000A20Comparison of German and Swiss Rainfall Simulators ‐ Experimental Setup
Auteurs : Karl Auerswald ; Maximilian Kainz ; Dietmar Schröder ; W. MartinSource :
- Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde [ 0044-3263 ] ; 1992.
Abstract
Rainfall simulators, that are commonly used in erosion research should produce comparable runoff and soil loss. At present five types of field rainfall simulators are used in Germany and Switzerland. The experimental setup on a Hapludalf soil site for testing these simulators and one laboratory rainfall simulator are described. Fifty rainfall simulations were carried out during two days on a homogeneous field. Hence, small deviations in slope steepness (< 2%) resulted in 40% deviations in the S factor of the USLE. This strong influence of slope steepness necessitates a high accuracy in the measurement of this parameter. Soil moisture during the two days was very high. This reduced slaking due to air inclusions and should have helped to detect differences in soil detachment due to the different rain structures and test procedures.
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DOI: 10.1002/jpln.19921550102
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At present five types of field rainfall simulators are used in Germany and Switzerland. The experimental setup on a Hapludalf soil site for testing these simulators and one laboratory rainfall simulator are described. Fifty rainfall simulations were carried out during two days on a homogeneous field. Hence, small deviations in slope steepness (< 2%) resulted in 40% deviations in the S factor of the USLE. This strong influence of slope steepness necessitates a high accuracy in the measurement of this parameter. Soil moisture during the two days was very high. This reduced slaking due to air inclusions and should have helped to detect differences in soil detachment due to the different rain structures and test procedures.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Karl Auerswald</name><affiliations><json:string>Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Technische Universität München, W‐8050 Freising, FRG</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Maximilian Kainz</name><affiliations><json:string>Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Technische Universität München, W‐8050 Freising, FRG</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dietmar Schröder</name><affiliations><json:string>FB III Abt. Bodenkunde, Postfach 3825, W‐5500 Trier, FRG</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>W. 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Flurber.</title></host><title>Eignung der Hangneigungsfaktoren verschiedener Erosionsmodelle unter bayerischen Anbauverhältnissen</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>K. Auerswald</name></json:item></author><host><volume>39</volume><pages><last>38</last><first>34</first></pages><author></author><title>Wasser und Boden</title></host><title>Sensitivität erosionsbestimmender Faktoren</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>K. Auerswald</name></json:item></author><host><volume>56</volume><pages><last>34</last><first>29</first></pages><author></author><title>Mitt. Deutsch. Bodenkd. Ges.</title></host><title>Übersicht der Standardmethoden für Erosionsversuche im Freiland, wie sie von den in der AG Bodenerosion der DBG vertretenen regionalen Arbeitsgruppen verwendet werden</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>K. Auerswald</name></json:item><json:item><name>H. H. Becher</name></json:item><json:item><name>W. Vogl</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. Hafez</name></json:item></author><host><volume>25</volume><pages><last>307</last><first>300</first></pages><author></author><title>Z. Kulturtechn. Flurber.</title></host><title>Ein Laborregner zur Erodibilitätsbestimmung von Böden</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>U. Henk</name></json:item></author><host><volume>15</volume><pages><first>199</first></pages><author></author><title>Landschaftsgenese Landschaftsökol.</title></host><title>Untersuchungen zur Regentropfenerosion und Stabilität von Bodenaggregaten</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>M. Kainz</name></json:item><json:item><name>K. Auerswald</name></json:item><json:item><name>R. Vöhringer</name></json:item></author><host><volume>155</volume><pages><last>11</last><first>7</first></pages><author></author><title>Z. Pflanzenemähr. Bodenkd.</title></host><title>Comparison of German and Swiss rainfall simulators ‐ Utility, labour demand and costs</title></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>E. Klaghofer</name></json:item></author><host><volume>2</volume><pages><last>59</last><first>49</first></pages><author></author><title>Interpraevent</title></host><title>Über den Einfluß landwirtschaftlicher Maßnahmen auf den Oberflächenabfluß und den Bodenabtrag</title></json:item><json:item><host><author></author><title>Experimental approaches for determining soil parameters for the replacement of the universal soil loss equation</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><author></author><title>Die Erodierbarkeit von Böden unter simulierten und natürlichen Regen und ihre Abhängigkeit von Bodeneigenschaften</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><pages><first>64</first></pages><author></author><title>Schwertmann, U.;W. Vogl undM. Kainz(1987):Bodenerosion durch Wasser ‐ Vorhersage des Abtrags und Bewertung von Gegenmaßnahmen.Ulmer Verlag,64 p.</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><author></author><title>Predicting rainfall erosion losses ‐ a guide to conservation planning</title></host></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>E. Wollny</name></json:item></author><host><volume>18</volume><pages><last>204</last><first>180</first></pages><author></author><title>Forsch. Gebiet Agrikultur‐Physik</title></host><title>Untersuchungen über das Verhalten atmosphärischer Niederschläge zur Pflanze und zum Boden: 7. 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The experimental setup on a Hapludalf soil site for testing these simulators and one laboratory rainfall simulator are described. Fifty rainfall simulations were carried out during two days on a homogeneous field. Hence, small deviations in slope steepness (< 2%) resulted in 40% deviations in the S factor of the USLE. This strong influence of slope steepness necessitates a high accuracy in the measurement of this parameter. Soil moisture during the two days was very high. This reduced slaking due to air inclusions and should have helped to detect differences in soil detachment due to the different rain structures and test procedures.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Vergleich deutscher und schweizer Regensimulatoren ‐ Versuchsaufbau</p></abstract><abstract><p>Regner, die für Erosionsversuche eingesetzt werden, sollten vergleichbare Bodenabträge und Oberflächenabflüsse auslösen. Gegenwärtig werden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in der Schweiz fünf Feldregnertypen eingesetzt. Es werden die Versuchsbedingungen auf einer Parabraunerde beschrieben, unter denen diese Feldregner und ein Laborregner simultan verglichen wurden. Obwohl das Versuchsfeld sehr homogen war, traten kleine Abweichungen (< 2%) in der Hangneigung auf. die zu Unterschieden im S‐Faktor der Allgemeinen Bodenabtragungsgleichung bis zu 40% führten. Dieser Standortsparameter muß wegen seiner hohen Sensitivität mit großer Genauigkeit erfaßt werden.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Die Bodenfeuchte während der Versuche lag sehr hoch, so daß Luftsprengung nur eine untergeordnete Bedeutung gehabt haben dürfte. 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This strong influence of slope steepness necessitates a high accuracy in the measurement of this parameter.</p><p>Soil moisture during the two days was very high. This reduced slaking due to air inclusions and should have helped to detect differences in soil detachment due to the different rain structures and test procedures.</p></abstract><abstract type="main" xml:lang="de"><p><b>Vergleich deutscher und schweizer Regensimulatoren ‐ Versuchsaufbau</b></p><p>Regner, die für Erosionsversuche eingesetzt werden, sollten vergleichbare Bodenabträge und Oberflächenabflüsse auslösen. Gegenwärtig werden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in der Schweiz fünf Feldregnertypen eingesetzt. Es werden die Versuchsbedingungen auf einer Parabraunerde beschrieben, unter denen diese Feldregner und ein Laborregner simultan verglichen wurden. Obwohl das Versuchsfeld sehr homogen war, traten kleine Abweichungen (< 2%) in der Hangneigung auf. die zu Unterschieden im S‐Faktor der Allgemeinen Bodenabtragungsgleichung bis zu 40% führten. Dieser Standortsparameter muß wegen seiner hohen Sensitivität mit großer Genauigkeit erfaßt werden.</p><p>Die Bodenfeuchte während der Versuche lag sehr hoch, so daß Luftsprengung nur eine untergeordnete Bedeutung gehabt haben dürfte. Die Bedingungen waren daher optimal, um den Einfluß unterschiedlicher Regenstrukturen und Beregnungsprozeduren ermitteln zu können.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Comparison of German and Swiss Rainfall Simulators ‐ Experimental Setup</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Comparison of German and Swiss Rainfall Simulators ‐ Experimental Setup</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Karl</namePart><namePart type="family">Auerswald</namePart><affiliation>Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Technische Universität München, W‐8050 Freising, FRG</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maximilian</namePart><namePart type="family">Kainz</namePart><affiliation>Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Technische Universität München, W‐8050 Freising, FRG</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dietmar</namePart><namePart type="family">Schröder</namePart><affiliation>FB III Abt. Bodenkunde, Postfach 3825, W‐5500 Trier, FRG</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Martin</namePart><affiliation>Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt, Heßstr. 128, W‐8000 München 40, FRG</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Weinheim</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1992</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">1991-08-31</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1992</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="references">12</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Rainfall simulators, that are commonly used in erosion research should produce comparable runoff and soil loss. At present five types of field rainfall simulators are used in Germany and Switzerland. The experimental setup on a Hapludalf soil site for testing these simulators and one laboratory rainfall simulator are described. Fifty rainfall simulations were carried out during two days on a homogeneous field. Hence, small deviations in slope steepness (< 2%) resulted in 40% deviations in the S factor of the USLE. This strong influence of slope steepness necessitates a high accuracy in the measurement of this parameter. Soil moisture during the two days was very high. This reduced slaking due to air inclusions and should have helped to detect differences in soil detachment due to the different rain structures and test procedures.</abstract><abstract>Vergleich deutscher und schweizer Regensimulatoren ‐ Versuchsaufbau</abstract><abstract>Regner, die für Erosionsversuche eingesetzt werden, sollten vergleichbare Bodenabträge und Oberflächenabflüsse auslösen. Gegenwärtig werden in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in der Schweiz fünf Feldregnertypen eingesetzt. Es werden die Versuchsbedingungen auf einer Parabraunerde beschrieben, unter denen diese Feldregner und ein Laborregner simultan verglichen wurden. Obwohl das Versuchsfeld sehr homogen war, traten kleine Abweichungen (< 2%) in der Hangneigung auf. die zu Unterschieden im S‐Faktor der Allgemeinen Bodenabtragungsgleichung bis zu 40% führten. Dieser Standortsparameter muß wegen seiner hohen Sensitivität mit großer Genauigkeit erfaßt werden.</abstract><abstract>Die Bodenfeuchte während der Versuche lag sehr hoch, so daß Luftsprengung nur eine untergeordnete Bedeutung gehabt haben dürfte. Die Bedingungen waren daher optimal, um den Einfluß unterschiedlicher Regenstrukturen und Beregnungsprozeduren ermitteln zu können.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenk.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0044-3263</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1522-2624</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624d</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JPLN</identifier><part><date>1992</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>155</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>5</end><total>5</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">BF7F1EE6DC668694B63E8769788570C9D4B964B9</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jpln.19921550102</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JPLN19921550102</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 1992 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 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