Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fish Aplocheilus lineatus
Identifieur interne : 000E34 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E33; suivant : 000E35Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fish Aplocheilus lineatus
Auteurs : Horst BleckmannSource :
- Journal of comparative physiology [ 0340-7594 ] ; 1980-06-01.
Abstract
Summary: The responses ofAplocheilus lineatus to water surface waves were investigated. 1. Aplocheilus lineatus responds to surface waves from 10 Hz to at least 250 Hz. The threshold curve within this range is U-shaped with the lowest value being 0.013 μm peak-to-peak (pp)-amplitude at 100 Hz (Fig. 1). 2. Reaction time to clicks within a target angle of 70 to 1,00 ° varies between 128 ms±24 (mean and S.D.) at 8.9 urn and 242ms±67 at 0.06 μm pp-amplitude (Fig. 4). This relation is expressed by: $$Reaction time = \frac{{5.3}}{{stimulus amplitude}} + 157 (ms).$$ 3. Reaction time also varies with the frequency of cf-signals (pp-amplitude 2 μm) between 578 ms ± 167 (14Hz) and 144 ms±28 (120 Hz). The relation is: $$Reaction time = \frac{{7,180}}{{stimulus frequency}} + 100 (ms).$$ 4. The analysis of all responses reveals thatAplocheilus lineatus starts to react to surface waves after the first 8.5±0.5 wave cycles following a click or 10.3±1.8 wave cycles of a cf-signal (pp-amplitude 2 μm) have passed it. 5. Responsiveness does not decrease if the number of wave cycles is reduced from 8.5 to 6.5; however, it drops to even less than 50% if the otherwise identical signal consists of only 4.5 wave cycles (Fig. 9). 6. With cf-signalsAplocheilus lineatus is unable to localize the wave source precisely. For all tested frequencies (30, 50, 70 and 100 Hz) the responses were too short to reach the wave source. The distance the fish swims toward the wave source (=swimming distance) decreases with increasing stimulus frequency. There is a graded reaction for frequencies of 30 and 50 Hz depending on test distance (= distance of the fish from the wave source at the time of arrival of the first wave front at the mid of the fish's head), whereas for frequencies of 70 and 100 Hz the swimming distance is independent of the distance to the wave source (Fig. 10). 7. An increase in slew rate, defined as the relationship between maximal pp-wave amplitude and rise time, and/or amplitude of suprathreshold cf-wave signals, hardly altered the reaction time and initial swimming speed of a localizing response. However, the distance towards the wave source covered by the fish decreases with decreasing stimulus amplitude.
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DOI: 10.1007/BF00606308
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fish Aplocheilus lineatus</title><author><name sortKey="Bleckmann, Horst" sort="Bleckmann, Horst" uniqKey="Bleckmann H" first="Horst" last="Bleckmann">Horst Bleckmann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut für Tierphysiologie, Wartweg 95, D-6300, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:977AF13323179998D0B7806D9273C4671E2DAE0A</idno><date when="1980" year="1980">1980</date><idno type="doi">10.1007/BF00606308</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/977AF13323179998D0B7806D9273C4671E2DAE0A/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000E34</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fish Aplocheilus lineatus</title><author><name sortKey="Bleckmann, Horst" sort="Bleckmann, Horst" uniqKey="Bleckmann H" first="Horst" last="Bleckmann">Horst Bleckmann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut für Tierphysiologie, Wartweg 95, D-6300, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of comparative physiology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Comp. Physiol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0340-7594</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-1351</idno><imprint><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1980-06-01">1980-06-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">140</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="163">163</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="172">172</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0340-7594</idno></series><idno type="istex">977AF13323179998D0B7806D9273C4671E2DAE0A</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF00606308</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art8</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF00606308</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0340-7594</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Summary: The responses ofAplocheilus lineatus to water surface waves were investigated. 1. Aplocheilus lineatus responds to surface waves from 10 Hz to at least 250 Hz. The threshold curve within this range is U-shaped with the lowest value being 0.013 μm peak-to-peak (pp)-amplitude at 100 Hz (Fig. 1). 2. Reaction time to clicks within a target angle of 70 to 1,00 ° varies between 128 ms±24 (mean and S.D.) at 8.9 urn and 242ms±67 at 0.06 μm pp-amplitude (Fig. 4). This relation is expressed by: $$Reaction time = \frac{{5.3}}{{stimulus amplitude}} + 157 (ms).$$ 3. Reaction time also varies with the frequency of cf-signals (pp-amplitude 2 μm) between 578 ms ± 167 (14Hz) and 144 ms±28 (120 Hz). The relation is: $$Reaction time = \frac{{7,180}}{{stimulus frequency}} + 100 (ms).$$ 4. The analysis of all responses reveals thatAplocheilus lineatus starts to react to surface waves after the first 8.5±0.5 wave cycles following a click or 10.3±1.8 wave cycles of a cf-signal (pp-amplitude 2 μm) have passed it. 5. Responsiveness does not decrease if the number of wave cycles is reduced from 8.5 to 6.5; however, it drops to even less than 50% if the otherwise identical signal consists of only 4.5 wave cycles (Fig. 9). 6. With cf-signalsAplocheilus lineatus is unable to localize the wave source precisely. For all tested frequencies (30, 50, 70 and 100 Hz) the responses were too short to reach the wave source. The distance the fish swims toward the wave source (=swimming distance) decreases with increasing stimulus frequency. There is a graded reaction for frequencies of 30 and 50 Hz depending on test distance (= distance of the fish from the wave source at the time of arrival of the first wave front at the mid of the fish's head), whereas for frequencies of 70 and 100 Hz the swimming distance is independent of the distance to the wave source (Fig. 10). 7. An increase in slew rate, defined as the relationship between maximal pp-wave amplitude and rise time, and/or amplitude of suprathreshold cf-wave signals, hardly altered the reaction time and initial swimming speed of a localizing response. However, the distance towards the wave source covered by the fish decreases with decreasing stimulus amplitude.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Horst Bleckmann</name><affiliations><json:string>Institut für Tierphysiologie, Wartweg 95, D-6300, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Summary: The responses ofAplocheilus lineatus to water surface waves were investigated. 1. Aplocheilus lineatus responds to surface waves from 10 Hz to at least 250 Hz. The threshold curve within this range is U-shaped with the lowest value being 0.013 μm peak-to-peak (pp)-amplitude at 100 Hz (Fig. 1). 2. Reaction time to clicks within a target angle of 70 to 1,00 ° varies between 128 ms±24 (mean and S.D.) at 8.9 urn and 242ms±67 at 0.06 μm pp-amplitude (Fig. 4). This relation is expressed by: $$Reaction time = \frac{{5.3}}{{stimulus amplitude}} + 157 (ms).$$ 3. Reaction time also varies with the frequency of cf-signals (pp-amplitude 2 μm) between 578 ms ± 167 (14Hz) and 144 ms±28 (120 Hz). The relation is: $$Reaction time = \frac{{7,180}}{{stimulus frequency}} + 100 (ms).$$ 4. The analysis of all responses reveals thatAplocheilus lineatus starts to react to surface waves after the first 8.5±0.5 wave cycles following a click or 10.3±1.8 wave cycles of a cf-signal (pp-amplitude 2 μm) have passed it. 5. Responsiveness does not decrease if the number of wave cycles is reduced from 8.5 to 6.5; however, it drops to even less than 50% if the otherwise identical signal consists of only 4.5 wave cycles (Fig. 9). 6. With cf-signalsAplocheilus lineatus is unable to localize the wave source precisely. For all tested frequencies (30, 50, 70 and 100 Hz) the responses were too short to reach the wave source. The distance the fish swims toward the wave source (=swimming distance) decreases with increasing stimulus frequency. There is a graded reaction for frequencies of 30 and 50 Hz depending on test distance (= distance of the fish from the wave source at the time of arrival of the first wave front at the mid of the fish's head), whereas for frequencies of 70 and 100 Hz the swimming distance is independent of the distance to the wave source (Fig. 10). 7. An increase in slew rate, defined as the relationship between maximal pp-wave amplitude and rise time, and/or amplitude of suprathreshold cf-wave signals, hardly altered the reaction time and initial swimming speed of a localizing response. However, the distance towards the wave source covered by the fish decreases with decreasing stimulus amplitude.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>597.28 x 785 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2225</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>7320</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>34016</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>367</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fish Aplocheilus lineatus</title><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>140</volume><pages><last>172</last><first>163</first></pages><issn><json:string>0340-7594</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><subject><json:item><value>Neurosciences</value></json:item><json:item><value>Zoology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Animal Physiology</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1432-1351</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of comparative physiology</title><publicationDate>1980</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1980</copyrightDate></host><publicationDate>1980</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1980</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1007/BF00606308</json:string></doi><id>977AF13323179998D0B7806D9273C4671E2DAE0A</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/977AF13323179998D0B7806D9273C4671E2DAE0A/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/977AF13323179998D0B7806D9273C4671E2DAE0A/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/977AF13323179998D0B7806D9273C4671E2DAE0A/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fish Aplocheilus lineatus</title><respStmt xml:id="ISTEX-API" resp="Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID" name="ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)"></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date>1980</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Part of a dissertation submitted to the Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität Giessen. Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, grant no. Schw. 21/5</note><note>I wish to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. E. Schwartz for his support and very helpful comments in this work. I want to thank for his technical advice Prof. Dr. M. Gewecke and Dr. F. Jauker for his assistance in mathematical and statistical analysis of the data. My thanks are due to Dr. H. Hipke for his help in translating the manuscript.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fish Aplocheilus lineatus</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Horst</forename><surname>Bleckmann</surname></persName><affiliation>Institut für Tierphysiologie, Wartweg 95, D-6300, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of comparative physiology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Comp. Physiol.</title><idno type="JournalID">359</idno><idno type="pISSN">0340-7594</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-1351</idno><idno type="IssueArticleCount">9</idno><idno type="VolumeIssueCount">4</idno><imprint><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1980-06-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">140</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="163">163</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="172">172</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">977AF13323179998D0B7806D9273C4671E2DAE0A</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF00606308</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art8</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF00606308</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1980</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Summary: The responses ofAplocheilus lineatus to water surface waves were investigated. 1. Aplocheilus lineatus responds to surface waves from 10 Hz to at least 250 Hz. The threshold curve within this range is U-shaped with the lowest value being 0.013 μm peak-to-peak (pp)-amplitude at 100 Hz (Fig. 1). 2. Reaction time to clicks within a target angle of 70 to 1,00 ° varies between 128 ms±24 (mean and S.D.) at 8.9 urn and 242ms±67 at 0.06 μm pp-amplitude (Fig. 4). This relation is expressed by: $$Reaction time = \frac{{5.3}}{{stimulus amplitude}} + 157 (ms).$$ 3. Reaction time also varies with the frequency of cf-signals (pp-amplitude 2 μm) between 578 ms ± 167 (14Hz) and 144 ms±28 (120 Hz). The relation is: $$Reaction time = \frac{{7,180}}{{stimulus frequency}} + 100 (ms).$$ 4. The analysis of all responses reveals thatAplocheilus lineatus starts to react to surface waves after the first 8.5±0.5 wave cycles following a click or 10.3±1.8 wave cycles of a cf-signal (pp-amplitude 2 μm) have passed it. 5. Responsiveness does not decrease if the number of wave cycles is reduced from 8.5 to 6.5; however, it drops to even less than 50% if the otherwise identical signal consists of only 4.5 wave cycles (Fig. 9). 6. With cf-signalsAplocheilus lineatus is unable to localize the wave source precisely. For all tested frequencies (30, 50, 70 and 100 Hz) the responses were too short to reach the wave source. The distance the fish swims toward the wave source (=swimming distance) decreases with increasing stimulus frequency. There is a graded reaction for frequencies of 30 and 50 Hz depending on test distance (= distance of the fish from the wave source at the time of arrival of the first wave front at the mid of the fish's head), whereas for frequencies of 70 and 100 Hz the swimming distance is independent of the distance to the wave source (Fig. 10). 7. An increase in slew rate, defined as the relationship between maximal pp-wave amplitude and rise time, and/or amplitude of suprathreshold cf-wave signals, hardly altered the reaction time and initial swimming speed of a localizing response. However, the distance towards the wave source covered by the fish decreases with decreasing stimulus amplitude.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Life Sciences</head><item><term>Neurosciences</term></item><item><term>Zoology</term></item><item><term>Animal Physiology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1980-06-01">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-0-28">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/977AF13323179998D0B7806D9273C4671E2DAE0A/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Springer, Publisher found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//Springer-Verlag//DTD A++ V2.4//EN" URI="http://devel.springer.de/A++/V2.4/DTD/A++V2.4.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><Publisher><PublisherInfo><PublisherName>Springer-Verlag</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>Berlin/Heidelberg</PublisherLocation></PublisherInfo><Journal><JournalInfo JournalProductType="ArchiveJournal" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered"><JournalID>359</JournalID><JournalPrintISSN>0340-7594</JournalPrintISSN><JournalElectronicISSN>1432-1351</JournalElectronicISSN><JournalTitle>Journal of comparative physiology</JournalTitle><JournalAbbreviatedTitle>J. 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Physiol.</JournalAbbreviatedTitle><JournalSubjectGroup><JournalSubject Type="Primary">Life Sciences</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Neurosciences</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Zoology</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Animal Physiology</JournalSubject></JournalSubjectGroup></JournalInfo><Volume><VolumeInfo VolumeType="Regular" TocLevels="0"><VolumeIDStart>140</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>140</VolumeIDEnd><VolumeIssueCount>4</VolumeIssueCount></VolumeInfo><Issue IssueType="Regular"><IssueInfo TocLevels="0"><IssueIDStart>2</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>2</IssueIDEnd><IssueArticleCount>9</IssueArticleCount><IssueHistory><CoverDate><DateString>1980</DateString><Year>1980</Year><Month>6</Month></CoverDate></IssueHistory><IssueCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1980</CopyrightYear></IssueCopyright></IssueInfo><Article ID="Art8"><ArticleInfo Language="En" ArticleType="OriginalPaper" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" TocLevels="0" ContainsESM="No"><ArticleID>BF00606308</ArticleID><ArticleDOI>10.1007/BF00606308</ArticleDOI><ArticleSequenceNumber>8</ArticleSequenceNumber><ArticleTitle Language="En">Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fish<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aplocheilus lineatus</Emphasis></ArticleTitle><ArticleFirstPage>163</ArticleFirstPage><ArticleLastPage>172</ArticleLastPage><ArticleHistory><RegistrationDate><Year>2004</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>23</Day></RegistrationDate><Accepted><Year>1980</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>26</Day></Accepted></ArticleHistory><ArticleCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1980</CopyrightYear></ArticleCopyright><ArticleGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ArticleGrants><ArticleContext><JournalID>359</JournalID><VolumeIDStart>140</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>140</VolumeIDEnd><IssueIDStart>2</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>2</IssueIDEnd></ArticleContext></ArticleInfo><ArticleHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Horst</GivenName><FamilyName>Bleckmann</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgName>Institut für Tierphysiologie</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Wartweg 95</Street><Postcode>D-6300</Postcode><City>Giessen</City><Country>Federal Republic of Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Summary</Heading><Para>The responses of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aplocheilus lineatus</Emphasis> to water surface waves were investigated.<OrderedList><ListItem><ItemNumber>1.</ItemNumber><ItemContent><Para><Emphasis Type="Italic">Aplocheilus lineatus</Emphasis> responds to surface waves from 10 Hz to at least 250 Hz. The threshold curve within this range is U-shaped with the lowest value being 0.013 μm peak-to-peak (pp)-amplitude at 100 Hz (Fig. 1).</Para></ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemNumber>2.</ItemNumber><ItemContent><Para>Reaction time to clicks within a target angle of 70 to 1,00 ° varies between 128 ms±24 (mean and S.D.) at 8.9 urn and 242ms±67 at 0.06 μm pp-amplitude (Fig. 4). This relation is expressed by:<Equation ID="E1"><MediaObject><ImageObject FileRef="359_2004_Article_BF00606308_TeX2GIFE1.gif" Format="GIF" Color="BlackWhite" Type="Linedraw" Rendition="HTML"></ImageObject></MediaObject><EquationSource Format="TEX"> $$Reaction time = \frac{{5.3}}{{stimulus amplitude}} + 157 (ms).$$ </EquationSource></Equation></Para></ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemNumber>3.</ItemNumber><ItemContent><Para>Reaction time also varies with the frequency of cf-signals (pp-amplitude 2 μm) between 578 ms ± 167 (14Hz) and 144 ms±28 (120 Hz). The relation is:<Equation ID="E2"><MediaObject><ImageObject FileRef="359_2004_Article_BF00606308_TeX2GIFE2.gif" Format="GIF" Color="BlackWhite" Type="Linedraw" Rendition="HTML"></ImageObject></MediaObject><EquationSource Format="TEX"> $$Reaction time = \frac{{7,180}}{{stimulus frequency}} + 100 (ms).$$ </EquationSource></Equation></Para></ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemNumber>4.</ItemNumber><ItemContent><Para>The analysis of all responses reveals that<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aplocheilus lineatus</Emphasis> starts to react to surface waves after the first 8.5±0.5 wave cycles following a click or 10.3±1.8 wave cycles of a cf-signal (pp-amplitude 2 μm) have passed it.</Para></ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemNumber>5.</ItemNumber><ItemContent><Para>Responsiveness does not decrease if the number of wave cycles is reduced from 8.5 to 6.5; however, it drops to even less than 50% if the otherwise identical signal consists of only 4.5 wave cycles (Fig. 9).</Para></ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemNumber>6.</ItemNumber><ItemContent><Para>With cf-signals<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aplocheilus lineatus</Emphasis> is unable to localize the wave source precisely. For all tested frequencies (30, 50, 70 and 100 Hz) the responses were too short to reach the wave source. The distance the fish swims toward the wave source (=swimming distance) decreases with increasing stimulus frequency. There is a graded reaction for frequencies of 30 and 50 Hz depending on test distance (= distance of the fish from the wave source at the time of arrival of the first wave front at the mid of the fish's head), whereas for frequencies of 70 and 100 Hz the swimming distance is independent of the distance to the wave source (Fig. 10).</Para></ItemContent></ListItem><ListItem><ItemNumber>7.</ItemNumber><ItemContent><Para>An increase in slew rate, defined as the relationship between maximal pp-wave amplitude and rise time, and/or amplitude of suprathreshold cf-wave signals, hardly altered the reaction time and initial swimming speed of a localizing response. However, the distance towards the wave source covered by the fish decreases with decreasing stimulus amplitude.</Para></ItemContent></ListItem></OrderedList></Para></Abstract><AbbreviationGroup><Heading>Abbreviations</Heading><DefinitionList><DefinitionListEntry><Term><Emphasis Type="Italic">pp-amplitude</Emphasis></Term><Description><Para>peak-to-peak-amplitude</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry><DefinitionListEntry><Term><Emphasis Type="Italic">cf-signals</Emphasis></Term><Description><Para>constant frequency sine wave signals</Para></Description></DefinitionListEntry></DefinitionList></AbbreviationGroup><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>Part of a dissertation submitted to the Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität Giessen. Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, grant no. Schw. 21/5</SimplePara></ArticleNote><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>I wish to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. E. Schwartz for his support and very helpful comments in this work. I want to thank for his technical advice Prof. Dr. M. Gewecke and Dr. F. Jauker for his assistance in mathematical and statistical analysis of the data. My thanks are due to Dr. H. Hipke for his help in translating the manuscript.</SimplePara></ArticleNote></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fish Aplocheilus lineatus</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Reaction time and stimulus frequency in prey localization in the surface-feeding fishAplocheilus lineatus</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Horst</namePart><namePart type="family">Bleckmann</namePart><affiliation>Institut für Tierphysiologie, Wartweg 95, D-6300, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article">OriginalPaper</genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin/Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1980-06-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1980</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Summary: The responses ofAplocheilus lineatus to water surface waves were investigated. 1. Aplocheilus lineatus responds to surface waves from 10 Hz to at least 250 Hz. The threshold curve within this range is U-shaped with the lowest value being 0.013 μm peak-to-peak (pp)-amplitude at 100 Hz (Fig. 1). 2. Reaction time to clicks within a target angle of 70 to 1,00 ° varies between 128 ms±24 (mean and S.D.) at 8.9 urn and 242ms±67 at 0.06 μm pp-amplitude (Fig. 4). This relation is expressed by: $$Reaction time = \frac{{5.3}}{{stimulus amplitude}} + 157 (ms).$$ 3. Reaction time also varies with the frequency of cf-signals (pp-amplitude 2 μm) between 578 ms ± 167 (14Hz) and 144 ms±28 (120 Hz). The relation is: $$Reaction time = \frac{{7,180}}{{stimulus frequency}} + 100 (ms).$$ 4. The analysis of all responses reveals thatAplocheilus lineatus starts to react to surface waves after the first 8.5±0.5 wave cycles following a click or 10.3±1.8 wave cycles of a cf-signal (pp-amplitude 2 μm) have passed it. 5. Responsiveness does not decrease if the number of wave cycles is reduced from 8.5 to 6.5; however, it drops to even less than 50% if the otherwise identical signal consists of only 4.5 wave cycles (Fig. 9). 6. With cf-signalsAplocheilus lineatus is unable to localize the wave source precisely. For all tested frequencies (30, 50, 70 and 100 Hz) the responses were too short to reach the wave source. The distance the fish swims toward the wave source (=swimming distance) decreases with increasing stimulus frequency. There is a graded reaction for frequencies of 30 and 50 Hz depending on test distance (= distance of the fish from the wave source at the time of arrival of the first wave front at the mid of the fish's head), whereas for frequencies of 70 and 100 Hz the swimming distance is independent of the distance to the wave source (Fig. 10). 7. An increase in slew rate, defined as the relationship between maximal pp-wave amplitude and rise time, and/or amplitude of suprathreshold cf-wave signals, hardly altered the reaction time and initial swimming speed of a localizing response. However, the distance towards the wave source covered by the fish decreases with decreasing stimulus amplitude.</abstract><note>Part of a dissertation submitted to the Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität Giessen. Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, grant no. Schw. 21/5</note><note>I wish to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. E. Schwartz for his support and very helpful comments in this work. I want to thank for his technical advice Prof. Dr. M. Gewecke and Dr. F. Jauker for his assistance in mathematical and statistical analysis of the data. My thanks are due to Dr. H. Hipke for his help in translating the manuscript.</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of comparative physiology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Comp. 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