Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Comparison in Outcomes at Two-Years of Age of Very Preterm Infants Born in 2000, 2005 and 2010</title><author><name sortKey="Abily Donval, Lenaig" sort="Abily Donval, Lenaig" uniqKey="Abily Donval L" first="Lénaïg" last="Abily-Donval">Lénaïg Abily-Donval</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Equipe Region-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI 28, Neovasc, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, Rouen University, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinto Cardoso, Gaelle" sort="Pinto Cardoso, Gaelle" uniqKey="Pinto Cardoso G" first="Gaëlle" last="Pinto-Cardoso">Gaëlle Pinto-Cardoso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chadie, Alexandra" sort="Chadie, Alexandra" uniqKey="Chadie A" first="Alexandra" last="Chadie">Alexandra Chadie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guerrot, Anne Marie" sort="Guerrot, Anne Marie" uniqKey="Guerrot A" first="Anne-Marie" last="Guerrot">Anne-Marie Guerrot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torre, Stephanie" sort="Torre, Stephanie" uniqKey="Torre S" first="Stéphanie" last="Torre">Stéphanie Torre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rondeau, Stephane" sort="Rondeau, Stephane" uniqKey="Rondeau S" first="Stéphane" last="Rondeau">Stéphane Rondeau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marret, Stephane" sort="Marret, Stephane" uniqKey="Marret S" first="Stéphane" last="Marret">Stéphane Marret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Equipe Region-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI 28, Neovasc, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, Rouen University, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25658321</idno><idno type="pmc">4320065</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4320065</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4320065</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0114567</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000009</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Comparison in Outcomes at Two-Years of Age of Very Preterm Infants Born in 2000, 2005 and 2010</title><author><name sortKey="Abily Donval, Lenaig" sort="Abily Donval, Lenaig" uniqKey="Abily Donval L" first="Lénaïg" last="Abily-Donval">Lénaïg Abily-Donval</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Equipe Region-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI 28, Neovasc, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, Rouen University, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinto Cardoso, Gaelle" sort="Pinto Cardoso, Gaelle" uniqKey="Pinto Cardoso G" first="Gaëlle" last="Pinto-Cardoso">Gaëlle Pinto-Cardoso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chadie, Alexandra" sort="Chadie, Alexandra" uniqKey="Chadie A" first="Alexandra" last="Chadie">Alexandra Chadie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guerrot, Anne Marie" sort="Guerrot, Anne Marie" uniqKey="Guerrot A" first="Anne-Marie" last="Guerrot">Anne-Marie Guerrot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torre, Stephanie" sort="Torre, Stephanie" uniqKey="Torre S" first="Stéphanie" last="Torre">Stéphanie Torre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rondeau, Stephane" sort="Rondeau, Stephane" uniqKey="Rondeau S" first="Stéphane" last="Rondeau">Stéphane Rondeau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marret, Stephane" sort="Marret, Stephane" uniqKey="Marret S" first="Stéphane" last="Marret">Stéphane Marret</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Equipe Region-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI 28, Neovasc, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, Rouen University, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate alteration in 2-year neurological/behavioral outcomes of very preterm infants born in a French level three neonatal intensive care unit.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>We conducted a prospective, comparative study of very preterm infants born before 33 weeks’ gestation at 5-year intervals in 2000, 2005 and 2010 at Rouen University Hospital. Neonatal mortality/morbidities, ante- and neonatal treatments, and at age 2 years motor, cognitive and behavioral data were collected by standardized questionnaires.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>We included 536 very preterm infants. Follow-up rates at two years old were 78% in 2000, 93% in 2005 and 92% in 2010 respectively. No difference in gestational age, birthweight, neonatal mortality/morbidities was observed except a decrease in low grade subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhages. Care modifications concerned use of antenatal magnesium sulfate, breast-feeding and post-natal corticosteroid therapy. Significant improvement in motor outcome and dramatic decrease in cerebral palsy rates (12% in 2000, 6% in 2005, 1% in 2010, <italic>p</italic><0.001) were observed, as were improvements in feeding behavior. Although a non significant difference to better psychosocial behavior was reported, there was no difference in cognitive outcome.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Improvement in neuromotor outcome and behavior was reported. This could be due to multiple modifications in care: including administration of magnesium sulfate to women at risk of preterm birth, increase in breast-feeding, decrease in low grade subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhages, and decrease in post-natal corticosteroid therapy, all of which require further investigation in other studies. Extended follow-up until school age is mandatory for better detection of cognitive, learning and behavioral disorders.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blondel, B" uniqKey="Blondel B">B Blondel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lelong, N" uniqKey="Lelong N">N Lelong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kermarrec, M" uniqKey="Kermarrec M">M Kermarrec</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goffinet, F" uniqKey="Goffinet F">F Goffinet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Volpe, Jj" uniqKey="Volpe J">JJ Volpe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Himmelmann, K" uniqKey="Himmelmann K">K Himmelmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hagberg, G" uniqKey="Hagberg G">G Hagberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Uvebrant, P" uniqKey="Uvebrant P">P Uvebrant</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oskoui, M" uniqKey="Oskoui M">M Oskoui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coutinho, F" uniqKey="Coutinho F">F Coutinho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dykeman, J" uniqKey="Dykeman J">J Dykeman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jette, N" uniqKey="Jette N">N Jetté</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pringsheim, T" uniqKey="Pringsheim T">T Pringsheim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ancel P, Y" uniqKey="Ancel P Y">Y Ancel P-</name></author><author><name sortKey="Livinec, F" uniqKey="Livinec F">F Livinec</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larroque, B" uniqKey="Larroque B">B Larroque</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marret, S" uniqKey="Marret S">S Marret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arnaud, C" uniqKey="Arnaud C">C Arnaud</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marret, S" uniqKey="Marret S">S Marret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marchand Martin, L" uniqKey="Marchand Martin L">L Marchand-Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Picaud J, C" uniqKey="Picaud J C">C Picaud J-</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hascoet, Jm" uniqKey="Hascoet J">JM Hascoët</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arnaud, C" uniqKey="Arnaud C">C Arnaud</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gross, Sj" uniqKey="Gross S">SJ Gross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mettelman, Bb" uniqKey="Mettelman B">BB Mettelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dye, Td" uniqKey="Dye T">TD Dye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Slagle, Ta" uniqKey="Slagle T">TA Slagle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amiel Tison, C" uniqKey="Amiel Tison C">C Amiel-Tison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gosselin, J" uniqKey="Gosselin J">J Gosselin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bhutta, At" uniqKey="Bhutta A">AT Bhutta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cleves, Ma" uniqKey="Cleves M">MA Cleves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Casey, Ph" uniqKey="Casey P">PH Casey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cradock, Mm" uniqKey="Cradock M">MM Cradock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anand, Kj" uniqKey="Anand K">KJ Anand</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pinto Cardoso, G" uniqKey="Pinto Cardoso G">G Pinto Cardoso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abily Donval, L" uniqKey="Abily Donval L">L Abily-Donval</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chadie, A" uniqKey="Chadie A">A Chadie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guerrot, Am" uniqKey="Guerrot A">AM Guerrot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pinquier, D" uniqKey="Pinquier D">D Pinquier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frankenburg, Wk" uniqKey="Frankenburg W">WK Frankenburg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dodds, J" uniqKey="Dodds J">J Dodds</name></author><author><name sortKey="Archer, P" uniqKey="Archer P">P Archer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shapiro, H" uniqKey="Shapiro H">H Shapiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bresnick, B" uniqKey="Bresnick B">B Bresnick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goodman, R" uniqKey="Goodman R">R Goodman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shojaei, T" uniqKey="Shojaei T">T Shojaei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wazana, A" uniqKey="Wazana A">A Wazana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pitrou, I" uniqKey="Pitrou I">I Pitrou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kovess, V" uniqKey="Kovess V">V Kovess</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, S" uniqKey="Johnson S">S Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolke, D" uniqKey="Wolke D">D Wolke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marlow, N" uniqKey="Marlow N">N Marlow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Orcesi, S" uniqKey="Orcesi S">S Orcesi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olivieri, I" uniqKey="Olivieri I">I Olivieri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Longo, S" uniqKey="Longo S">S Longo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perotti, G" uniqKey="Perotti G">G Perotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="La Piana, R" uniqKey="La Piana R">R La Piana</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moore, T" uniqKey="Moore T">T Moore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hennessy, Em" uniqKey="Hennessy E">EM Hennessy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myles, J" uniqKey="Myles J">J Myles</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Sj" uniqKey="Johnson S">SJ Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Draper, Es" uniqKey="Draper E">ES Draper</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tin, W" uniqKey="Tin W">W Tin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fritz, S" uniqKey="Fritz S">S Fritz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wariyar, U" uniqKey="Wariyar U">U Wariyar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hey, E" uniqKey="Hey E">E Hey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Haastert, Ic" uniqKey="Van Haastert I">IC Van Haastert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Groenendaal, F" uniqKey="Groenendaal F">F Groenendaal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Uiterwaal, Cs" uniqKey="Uiterwaal C">CS Uiterwaal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Termote, Ju" uniqKey="Termote J">JU Termote</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Heide Jalving, M" uniqKey="Van Der Heide Jalving M">M van der Heide-Jalving</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beaino, G" uniqKey="Beaino G">G Beaino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khoshnood, B" uniqKey="Khoshnood B">B Khoshnood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaminski, M" uniqKey="Kaminski M">M Kaminski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pierrat, V" uniqKey="Pierrat V">V Pierrat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marret, S" uniqKey="Marret S">S Marret</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Payne, Ah" uniqKey="Payne A">AH Payne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hintz, Sr" uniqKey="Hintz S">SR Hintz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hibbs, Am" uniqKey="Hibbs A">AM Hibbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walsh, Mc" uniqKey="Walsh M">MC Walsh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vohr, Br" uniqKey="Vohr B">BR Vohr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sherlock, Rl" uniqKey="Sherlock R">RL Sherlock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Pj" uniqKey="Anderson P">PJ Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doyle, Lw" uniqKey="Doyle L">LW Doyle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sukhov, A" uniqKey="Sukhov A">A Sukhov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Y" uniqKey="Wu Y">Y Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xing, G" uniqKey="Xing G">G Xing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Lh" uniqKey="Smith L">LH Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, Wm" uniqKey="Gilbert W">WM Gilbert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wu, Yw" uniqKey="Wu Y">YW Wu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Escobar, Gj" uniqKey="Escobar G">GJ Escobar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grether, Jk" uniqKey="Grether J">JK Grether</name></author><author><name sortKey="Croen, La" uniqKey="Croen L">LA Croen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greene, Jd" uniqKey="Greene J">JD Greene</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Halliday, Hl" uniqKey="Halliday H">HL Halliday</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bain, E" uniqKey="Bain E">E Bain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goodchild, L" uniqKey="Goodchild L">L Goodchild</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lontis, R" uniqKey="Lontis R">R Lontis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcintyre, S" uniqKey="Mcintyre S">S McIntyre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ashwood, P" uniqKey="Ashwood P">P Ashwood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marret, S" uniqKey="Marret S">S Marret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marpeau, L" uniqKey="Marpeau L">L Marpeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zupan Simunek, V" uniqKey="Zupan Simunek V">V Zupan-Simunek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eurin, D" uniqKey="Eurin D">D Eurin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leveque, C" uniqKey="Leveque C">C Lévêque</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Doyle, Lw" uniqKey="Doyle L">LW Doyle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crowther, Ca" uniqKey="Crowther C">CA Crowther</name></author><author><name sortKey="Middleton, P" uniqKey="Middleton P">P Middleton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marret, S" uniqKey="Marret S">S Marret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rouse, D" uniqKey="Rouse D">D Rouse</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beaino, G" uniqKey="Beaino G">G Beaino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khoshnood, B" uniqKey="Khoshnood B">B Khoshnood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaminski, M" uniqKey="Kaminski M">M Kaminski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marret, S" uniqKey="Marret S">S Marret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pierrat, V" uniqKey="Pierrat V">V Pierrat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Delobel Ayoub, M" uniqKey="Delobel Ayoub M">M Delobel-Ayoub</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaminski, M" uniqKey="Kaminski M">M Kaminski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marret, S" uniqKey="Marret S">S Marret</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burguet, A" uniqKey="Burguet A">A Burguet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marchand, L" uniqKey="Marchand L">L Marchand</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Larroque, B" uniqKey="Larroque B">B Larroque</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delobel, M" uniqKey="Delobel M">M Delobel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arnaud, C" uniqKey="Arnaud C">C Arnaud</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anderson, P" uniqKey="Anderson P">P Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doyle, Lw" uniqKey="Doyle L">LW Doyle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chollat, C" uniqKey="Chollat C">C Chollat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Enser, M" uniqKey="Enser M">M Enser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Houivet, E" uniqKey="Houivet E">E Houivet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Provost, D" uniqKey="Provost D">D Provost</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benichou, J" uniqKey="Benichou J">J Bénichou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clark, Rh" uniqKey="Clark R">RH Clark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, P" uniqKey="Thomas P">P Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peabody, J" uniqKey="Peabody J">J Peabody</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ehrenkranz, Ra" uniqKey="Ehrenkranz R">RA Ehrenkranz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dusick, Am" uniqKey="Dusick A">AM Dusick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vohr, Br" uniqKey="Vohr B">BR Vohr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Ll" uniqKey="Wright L">LL Wright</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wrage, La" uniqKey="Wrage L">LA Wrage</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25658321</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4320065</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0114567</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-14-26884</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Comparison in Outcomes at Two-Years of Age of Very Preterm Infants Born in 2000, 2005 and 2010</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Change in Outcomes of Very Preterm Infants</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abily-Donval</surname><given-names>Lénaïg</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pinto-Cardoso</surname><given-names>Gaëlle</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chadie</surname><given-names>Alexandra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guerrot</surname><given-names>Anne-Marie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Torre</surname><given-names>Stéphanie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rondeau</surname><given-names>Stéphane</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marret</surname><given-names>Stéphane</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>on behalf of the Perinatal Network of Haute—Normandie</collab><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>¶</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Equipe Region-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ERI 28, Neovasc, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, Rouen University, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Gressens</surname><given-names>Pierre</given-names></name><role>Academic Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Robert Debre Hospital, FRANCE</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: LAD GPC AC AMG ST SR SM. Performed the experiments: LAD GPC AC AMG ST SR SM. Analyzed the data: LAD GPC AC AMG SM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LAD GPC AC AMG SM. Wrote the paper: LAD GPC AC AMG SM.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" id="fn001"><label>¶</label><p>Membership of the Perinatal Network of Haute-Normandie is listed in the Acknowledgments.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>stephane.marret@chu-rouen.fr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>6</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>e0114567</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Abily-Donval et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pone.0114567.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate alteration in 2-year neurological/behavioral outcomes of very preterm infants born in a French level three neonatal intensive care unit.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>We conducted a prospective, comparative study of very preterm infants born before 33 weeks’ gestation at 5-year intervals in 2000, 2005 and 2010 at Rouen University Hospital. Neonatal mortality/morbidities, ante- and neonatal treatments, and at age 2 years motor, cognitive and behavioral data were collected by standardized questionnaires.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>We included 536 very preterm infants. Follow-up rates at two years old were 78% in 2000, 93% in 2005 and 92% in 2010 respectively. No difference in gestational age, birthweight, neonatal mortality/morbidities was observed except a decrease in low grade subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhages. Care modifications concerned use of antenatal magnesium sulfate, breast-feeding and post-natal corticosteroid therapy. Significant improvement in motor outcome and dramatic decrease in cerebral palsy rates (12% in 2000, 6% in 2005, 1% in 2010, <italic>p</italic><0.001) were observed, as were improvements in feeding behavior. Although a non significant difference to better psychosocial behavior was reported, there was no difference in cognitive outcome.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Improvement in neuromotor outcome and behavior was reported. This could be due to multiple modifications in care: including administration of magnesium sulfate to women at risk of preterm birth, increase in breast-feeding, decrease in low grade subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhages, and decrease in post-natal corticosteroid therapy, all of which require further investigation in other studies. Extended follow-up until school age is mandatory for better detection of cognitive, learning and behavioral disorders.</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>The study was supported by the FEDER (European funds of regional development). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count><table-count count="4"></table-count><page-count count="10"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</p></notes></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="sec005"><title>Introduction</title><p>Incidence of very preterm birth (VPT) in France increased between 1998 and 2003 but stabilized in 2010 at 2% of births [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref001" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]. Despite advances in neonatal care medicine with a gradual increase in survival, neonatologists are aware of sparing these children from lifelong conditions such as cerebral palsy (CP), cognitive/behavioral and learning difficulties. The pathogenesis of brain lesions and neurodevelopmental disorders at the origin of subsequent handicaps is complex and several ante-, peri- and neonatal risk factors have been identified [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref002" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>–<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref003" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]. CP, the most common and severe developmental motor disorder [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref004" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>–<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref005" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>] is reported in EPIPAGE 1 study in 8.2% at age 2 years of VPT infants born before 33 weeks’ gestation in nine regions of France [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref006" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>]. In addition, cognitive, motor and behavioral impairments at age 8 years were found in 31%, 14% and 6% respectively [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]. These disabilities predict learning difficulties, which are very frequent in VPT [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref008" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>].</p><p>Severe motor, sensory and psychiatric disorders can usually be diagnosed before age 2 years [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref009" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>]. Cognitive and behavioral problems may be diagnosed later, at school age, and require longer-term follow-up [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]. All these findings strengthen the importance of early screening for children born preterm [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref009" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>–<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref010" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>]. Follow-up, associated with perinatal network training schemes, may help in identifying developmental abnormalities and result in provision of early support systems, thus improving the functional outcome and quality of life of these patients and interaction with their parents.</p><p>Tremendous progress regarding life-support therapy and care for premature babies has been achieved in recent years [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref011" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>]. To assess the impact of patient management and changes in the neurological outcome of infants at age 2 years, we conducted a retrospective observational study in our level 3 maternity hospital comparing VPT children born in 2000, 2005 and 2010.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="sec006"><title>Methods</title><sec id="sec007"><title>Study population</title><p>This is a monocentric, descriptive and comparative cohort study. We included all VPT infants born before 33 weeks’ gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Rouen University Hospital during 2000, 2005 and 2010. Rouen University Hospital is located in the French region of Haute-Normandie, with an average of 17000–18000 births per year. Exclusion criteria were a death before age 2 years Data at birth and at age two years were collected prospectively. We collected data from standardized questionnaires used in clinical practice in the unit [<xref rid="pone.0114567.s001" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1 Fig.</xref>]. These questionnaires have been used for several years and are based on neurodevelopemental scales validated in the literature. Follow-up was conducted between 22 and 26 months of chronological age by pediatricians from the neonatal unit of Rouen University Hospital or by pediatricians from peripheral hospitals where the children had been transferred before returning home. The parents of some children lost to follow-up were contacted by telephone by the same investigators. Data analysis was done retrospectively after collecting all the data. This study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Rouen University Hospital [<xref rid="pone.0114567.s002" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2 Fig.</xref>] and the French Data Protection Agency (Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés). For participation, an information note was given to parents and written consent was obtained before each infant was included in the Perinatal network of Haute-Normandie [<xref rid="pone.0114567.s003" ref-type="supplementary-material">S3</xref> and <xref rid="pone.0114567.s004" ref-type="supplementary-material">S4</xref> Figs.].</p></sec><sec id="sec008"><title>Neonatal data</title><p>In brief, we collected predefined data from the neonatal period, as already published: gestational age, sex, birth weight, antenatal corticosteroid therapy or administration of magnesium sulfate, chorioamniotitis (defined by the presence of at least two of the following signs: fetal tachycardia, maternal hyperthermia and/or biological inflammatory syndrome before delivery, stained or foul amniotic fluid, presence of germ in amniotic fluid), neonatal mortality, neonatal morbidities: chronic lung disease defined as oxygen dependence at 36 weeks’ gestational age, ulcerative necrotizing enterocolitis defined according to the Bell classification, nosocomial infection, materno fetal infection (probable in cases of clinical and/or laboratory signs of infection, certain in cases of positive blood culture or positive cerebrospinal fluid culture), treatment of ductus arteriosus, use of postnatal steroids, breastfeeding rates (breastfeeding alone or mixed feeding) at hospital discharge and extra uterine growth restriction (defined by a weight under the 10<sup>th</sup> percentile according to WHO curves). Cranial ultrasonographic studies (cUS) were performed according to routine protocol to detect acquired cerebral lesions: subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) according to the Papile classification, or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) defined as evidence of cystic lesions or persisting heterogenic hyperechogenicity at two cUS separated by at least an 8-day interval, in the periventricular area [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref011" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="sec009"><title>Outcome data</title><p>At age 2 years, we collected the following data: weight, height and head circumference, and trophicity according to WHO (world health organization) curves. Motor development and cognitive function were assessed by routine score based on the Amiel-Tison and Denver developmental scales [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref009" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.ref012" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>]. Cerebral palsy was evaluated according to the European Cerebral Palsy Network definition [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref013" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>]. Normal motor score was defined by walking before age 18 months, protected falls, ability to jump on two feet, run, climb stairs, stack at least two cubes, and crawl. Walking age was analyzed for each child. Presence of epilepsy was also investigated. Normal cognitive score was defined as the ability to build or make a puzzle, get dressed alone, engage in symbolic play, name an image, string two words together, point, and share with others. Normal psychosocial behavioral score was defined with items from the French version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire when the child is calm and does not require the intervention of a third person [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref014" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>–<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref015" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>]. Normal sleeping score was defined as absence of sleeping disorders. Normal feeding score was defined as absence of feeding difficulties. For each score, in case of abnormal score, a severity scale was defined according to specific criteria: mild, moderate and severe impairment [<xref rid="pone.0114567.s005" ref-type="supplementary-material">S1 Table</xref>].</p><p>Comparisons between children examined at the consultation at two years with those whose the parents were interviewed by phone were done. We reported the number of infants lost to follow-up and compared them with infants followed.</p></sec><sec id="sec010"><title>Statistical Analysis</title><p>For the qualitative variable, we used Chi2 test (or Fisher test if the numbers were too small) to compare outcomes between the three cohorts. For quantitative variables, we used ANOVA (ANalysis Of Variance) test followed by Newman and Keuls test if necessary. Differences between 2000, 2005 and 2010 were considered significant when p value was <5%. Statistical analysis was performed by NCSS software.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="sec011"><title>Results</title><p>During neonatal period, we included 170 infants born in 2000, 173 born in 2005 and 193 in 2010 [<xref rid="pone.0114567.t001" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.s006" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2 Table</xref>].</p><table-wrap id="pone.0114567.t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0114567.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Flow chart of the study.</title></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pone.0114567.t001g" xlink:href="pone.0114567.t001"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2000</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2005</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neonatal period</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">170 patients</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173 patients</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">193 patients</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death patient</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 patients (8%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 patients (10%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 patients (7%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lost to follow up</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34 patients (22%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 patients (7%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 patients (8%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Evaluation 2 years</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123 patients</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">144 patients</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">164 patients</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives></table-wrap><p><xref rid="pone.0114567.t002" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref> reports the perinatal characteristics of the three cohorts [<xref rid="pone.0114567.t002" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.s006" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2 Table</xref>]. The neonatal mortality of children admitted was stable: 8% in 2000, 10% in 2005 and 7% in 2010. Most of the perinatal study variables showed no significant differences between the three cohorts. Antenatal magnesium sulfate was administered to 14% of women at risk of preterm birth and included in the PREMAG trial in 2000, none in 2005 and 61% of women in 2010 as we set up routine protocol in the obstetrical unit of our center from March 2010. Neonatal hospital morbidity remained roughly stable. The rate of intraventricular hemorrhage decreased but the decrease was only for grade 1 (77% in 2000, 51% in 2005 and 46% in 2010). The rate of periventricular leukomalacia has decreased since 2000, but the difference is not significant. We found five cavitary white matter lesions in 2000, one in 2005 and none in 2010. Use of post natal corticosteroids decreased for 11 years. Extra-uterine growth restriction increased in 2010 parallel to the increase in breastfeeding. No statistically significant differences in perinatal variables were found between patients lost to follow-up and those evaluated at age 2 years (data not shown).</p><table-wrap id="pone.0114567.t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0114567.t002</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Perinatal characteristics of 2000, 2005 and 2010 cohorts.</title></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pone.0114567.t002g" xlink:href="pone.0114567.t002"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2000</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2005</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender: male n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">102/170 (60)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90/173 (52)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107/193 (55)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Outborn n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26/170 (15)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33/173 (19)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33/193 (17)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Birthweight (gram) mean ±SD</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1328.2 ±429.9</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1395.3 ±408.9</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1332.3 ±391.7</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intra uterine growth restriction n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23/170 (14)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22/172 (13)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18/193 (9)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gestational age (weeks) mean ± SD</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.4 ±2.3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.9 ±2.2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.6 ±2.2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antenatal corticosteroids n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138/170 (81)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135/173 (78)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162/193 (84)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.35</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Magnesium sulfate n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24/170 (14)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0/173 (0)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117/193 (61)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref rid="t002fn002" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref><xref rid="t002fn001" ref-type="table-fn">#</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chorioamnionitis n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32/170 (19)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29/173 (17)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17/193 (9)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015 <xref rid="t002fn002" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Preeclampsia n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27/170 (16)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25/173 (14)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39/193 (20)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Respiratory Distress Syndrome n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78/170 (46)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93/173 (54)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90/193 (47)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chronic Lung Disease n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27/157 (17)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27/155 (17)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31/179 (17)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Necrotizing enterocolitis n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7/169 (4)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/173 (2)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7/193 (4)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Materno fetal infection n/N(%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16/170 (9)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18/173 (10)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13/193 (7)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nosocomial infection n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51/170 (30)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51/173 (29)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52/193 (27)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intraventricular hemorrhage n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35/170 (21)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43/173 (25)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24/193 (12)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008 <xref rid="t002fn001" ref-type="table-fn">#</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Periventricular leukomalacia n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24/170 (14)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14/173 (8)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14/193 (7)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Postnatal corticosteroids n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34/170 (20)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10/173 (6)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15/193 (8)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001 <xref rid="t002fn002" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref><xref rid="t002fn003" ref-type="table-fn">■</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatment of PDA n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26/170 (15)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31/173 (18)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39/193 (20)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Parenteral nutrition (days) mean ± SD</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.8 ± 15.5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.8 ± 21.9</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.6 ± 15.3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02 <xref rid="t002fn002" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Breast-feeding n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44/157 (28)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37/151 (25)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89/175 (51)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001 <xref rid="t002fn002" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref><xref rid="t002fn001" ref-type="table-fn">#</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Extra uterine growth restriction n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30/131 (23)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33/130 (25)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64/164 (39)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004<xref rid="t002fn002" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref><xref rid="t002fn001" ref-type="table-fn">#</xref></td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t002fn001"><p># Persistence difference between 2005 and 2010,</p></fn><fn id="t002fn002"><p>† Persistence difference between 2000 and 2010,</p></fn><fn id="t002fn003"><p>■ Persistence difference between 2000 and 2005SD: Standard deviation, PDA: patent ductus arteriosus</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><p>Evaluation at age 2 years was performed in 123 of 157 (78%) survivors of the 2000 cohort, 144 of 153 (94%) survivors of the 2005 cohort and 164 of 179 (92%) survivors of the 2010 cohort [<xref rid="pone.0114567.t001" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.s006" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2 Table</xref>]. Tables <xref rid="pone.0114567.t003" ref-type="table">3</xref> and <xref rid="pone.0114567.t004" ref-type="table">4</xref> report the main outcomes at age 2 years of the 2000, 2005 and 2010 cohorts [<xref rid="pone.0114567.t003" ref-type="table">Table 3</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.t004" ref-type="table">Table 4</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.s006" ref-type="supplementary-material">S2 Table</xref>]. Mean age at examination was 24.3 ± 1.8 months in 2000, 24.2 ± 2.3 months in 2005 and 24.9 ± 2.5 months in 2010. We did not find any difference between children followed in consultation and those contacted by phone (data not shown). Motor score improved over the 3 periods and cerebral palsy rate decreased significantly. The most common form of cerebral palsy was spastic diplegia:. 100% in 2010 (n/N = 1/1), 78% in 2005 (n/N = 7/9) and 80% (n/N = 12/15) in 2000. Other forms were hemiparesis. Normal cognitive score did not change significantly. A non-significant decrease in behavioral problems was observed. While extra-uterine growth restriction on discharge home during neonatal period increased over 11 years, there were no differences regarding anthropometric parameters at age 2 years.</p><table-wrap id="pone.0114567.t003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0114567.t003</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Outcomes at 2 years of age in the survivors of 2000, 2005 and 2010 cohorts.</title></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pone.0114567.t003g" xlink:href="pone.0114567.t003"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2000</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2005</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Normal motor score</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85/123 (69)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117/142 (82)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">139/164 (85)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002 <xref rid="t003fn002" ref-type="table-fn">■</xref><xref rid="t003fn001" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Score 1 n (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85 (69)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117 (82)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">139 (85)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Score 2 n (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (24)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (12)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 (13)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Score 3 n (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (6)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (3)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (1)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Score 4 n (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (1)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (3)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (1)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cerebral palsy</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15/122 (12)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9/142 (6)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/164 (1)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001 <xref rid="t003fn001" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Walking age</bold> (months) mean</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.8 ± 2.6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.9 ± 3.4</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.1 ± 2.4</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Normal cognitive score</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80/122 (66)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89/141 (63)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113/163 (69)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Score 1 n (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80/122 (66)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89/141 (63)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113/163 (69)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Score 2 n (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40/122 (33)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47/141 (33)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46/163 (28)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Score 3 n (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/122 (2)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/141 (3)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/163 (2)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Score 4 n (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0/122 (0)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/141 (1)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0/163 (0)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Epilepsy</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/122 (2)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/141 (1)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/164 (1)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Normal feeding score</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90/123 (73)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107/133 (80)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">139/163 (85)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.046 <xref rid="t003fn001" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Normal sleeping score</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99/123 (80)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109/135 (81)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134/164 (82)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Normal behavior</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75/118 (64)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76/117 (65)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121/163 (74)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t003fn001"><p>† Persistance difference between 2000 and 2010,</p></fn><fn id="t003fn002"><p>■ Persistance difference between 2000 and 2005</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="pone.0114567.t004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0114567.t004</object-id><label>Table 4</label><caption><title>Anthropometric data and parent’s level at 2 years of age.</title></caption><alternatives><graphic id="pone.0114567.t004g" xlink:href="pone.0114567.t004"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2005</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Weight -2SD</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26/135 (19)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34/164 (21)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Height -2SD</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17/132 (13)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22/163 (13)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Head circumference—2SD</bold> N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16/124 (13)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26/163 (16)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>High school mother’s level</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53/78 (68)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82/147 (56)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>High school father’s level</bold> n/N (%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54/78 (69)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80/138 (58)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t004fn001"><p>SD: Standard deviation</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="sec012"><title>Discussion</title><p>The three cohorts of VPT infants admitted to the NICU at Rouen University Hospital during three 5-year interval periods in 2000, 2005 and 2010 demonstrated the same characteristics in gestational age, birthweight and gender. Whereas we observed no or few changes in neonatal mortality and morbidity rates during the three periods, at age 2 years, we observed a significant improvement in neuromotor outcome, a dramatic decrease in cerebral palsy, a non-significant decrease in abnormal psychosocial behavior, and significant positive changes in feeding behavior. Nevertheless we were not able to observe differences in cognitive or sleeping outcomes.</p><p>Our survey is interesting as it allows assessment of the positive evolution of neurological outcome at age 2 years in VPT infants admitted to hospital in recent years in a representative region of France, with 17000 live births per year. Information collected from neonatal periods as well as neurological examinations at age 2 years were obtained with standardized questionnaire by the same homogeneous pediatric team. Information was collected by telephone interview in a small percentage of cases (3%). The latter has demonstrated accuracy regarding collection of information on child development and disabilities at age 2 years [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref016" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>]. Our follow-up rates are close to those of other studies conducted by similar centers, but higher than population based-studies such as EPICURE or EPIPAGE [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref006" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.ref017" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.ref018" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>]. However, our study has some limitations. The study is monocentric and the sample size is smaller than in population-based studies. Some parts of the standardized questionnaire are rough with low sensitivity in detecting minor abnormalities. Some children were lost to follow-up at two years. Even if there was no difference between neonatal brain lesions and major neonatal morbidities in the followed children and those lost to follow-up in our study, the literature found that infants lost to follow-up were more likely to have severe disabilities than those followed up [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref019" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>]; and the highest rate (28%) of infants lost to follow-up was observed in children born in 2000, who displayed the highest rate of neuromotor deficiencies.</p><p>In our study, we found a significant and dramatic decrease in CP from 2000 to 2010, lowering from 12% to 1%. CP is the most common developmental disorder associated with lifelong motor impairment and disability. A decreased incidence of CP in VPT has already been observed in other studies and was usually attributed to a decrease in severe periventricular leukomalacia [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref004" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.ref020" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>]. Major cerebral lesions such as cavitary PVL and parenchymal hemorrhage were the most important predictors of CP [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref021" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]. In our study, rates of cavitary PVL were very low during the 3 years investigated (5 in 2000, 1 in 2005 and 0 in 2010) and did not change significantly. The sole difference in neonatal brain lesions concerned low-grade IVH, the significance of which remains to be clearly established. In a recent study, the neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-gestational age infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage were no different to those with normal cUS [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref022" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]. However this result is in disagreement with other studies, which observed a greater negative effect on CP rates or neurodevelopmental outcomes [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref006" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.ref023" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]. Indeed CP can be observed in the absence of identified cerebral lesions. In addition, we identified multiple risks factors associated with CP in VPT infants: low gestational age, chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis, asphyxia at birth, birth defects, major but also less severe cerebral acquired lesions, post-natal corticosteroid therapy and intra- or extra- uterine growth retardation [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.ref020" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.ref024" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]. In our study, we assumed that improvement could be due to a decrease in rates of chorioamnionitis, which has been linked to CP, and also to several modifications in care for premature babies [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref025" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]. Use of post-natal corticosteroid therapy, which has been reported to adversely affect motor development when given to preterm infants less than 10–15 days after birth [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref026" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>] has been significantly reduced in recent years in our neonatal department. Finally, in the department of obstetrics at Rouen University Hospital, antenatal magnesium sulfate has been administered to more than 90% of women at risk of preterm birth since March 2010. This could also explain the decrease observed in CP rates in our study between 2000 and 2010, as previously demonstrated by the significant neuroprotective effect of magnesium sulfate in randomized trials and the significant decrease in CP in meta-analysis [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref027" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>–<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref029" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>]. Improvement in outcome between 2000 and 2005 is not related to magnesium sulphate (not used in 2005) but others parameters could explain decrease of CP rates: significant decrease of post natal corticosteroids therapy, non-significant decrease in necrotizing enterocolitis and periventricular leukomalacia rates.</p><p>Contrary to motor outcome, we did not find any differences in cognitive impairment at age 2 years during the 11 years of the study. The rates are around 30–35% which is higher than CP rates but similar to rates in other studies using more precise scale measurement [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref007" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>, <xref rid="pone.0114567.ref030" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>]. However, at age 2 years, they are likely underestimated as our measurement was rough. Cognitive impairment is difficult to diagnose early before it interferes with school learning from age 3 years. We are hopeful that it will also decrease in the future as it is positively influenced by breast feeding which increased, and a decrease in CP, to which it is frequently associated [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref021" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>]. Even if non-significant, we observed a decrease in behavioral disorders and a significant increase in better feeding scores. These data are of importance as behavior significantly alters learning at school. Behavioral disorder frequency is estimated at 25–55% between age 3 and 8 years and in our survey concerned 25% to 35% of infants at age 2 years [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref031" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>–<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref033" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>]. We hypothesized that several factors observed in ante- and neo-natal periods could be involved: decrease in post-natal corticosteroids, increase in breast feeding and use of antenatal magnesium sulfate [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref034" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>].</p><p>In 2010, concomitantly with an increase in breast feeding, we were concerned by an increased rate in extra uterine growth restriction. Extra uterine growth restriction is a prevalent problem in premature infants [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref035" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>] and associated with poor neurological development [<xref rid="pone.0114567.ref036" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]. Outcome at age 2 years was more reassuring than at discharge from first admission to hospital: half the children with growth failure at discharge had caught up satisfactory weight growth at age 2 years. Extra uterine growth restriction rate at age 2 years was therefore similar in 2005 and 2010 and could not have been involved in a decline in neurological alterations as described in the literature.</p><p>Although our study observed several improvements in the overall outcomes of VPT infants at age 2 years, neonatal morbidity rates were only marginally modified. Neonatal morbidity may be associated with brain acquired hypoxic-ischemic/inflammatory lesions or other inflammatory diseases such as broncho-pulmonary dysplasia or enterocolitis, which are not the sole processes involved in the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Processes that guide neonatal maturation, motricity, cognition and behavior are also influenced by external factors, which alter environment. In our study we identified at least two contributing factors: nutritional factors with an increase in breast feeding and pharmacological factors with antenatal use of magnesium sulfate and a decrease in post-natal corticosteroid therapy.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions" id="sec013"><title>Conclusion</title><p>We observed significant improvements in neuromotor and feeding behavior outcomes at age 2 years in very preterm infants born in 2000, 2005 and 2010. However, we did not evidence any differences regarding cognitive impairment. Larger prospective population-based studies are needed to confirm these data. Extending our study to include infants at older age is important in order to diagnose later cognitive impairment, in particular attention and executive functioning disorders, and school-based learning difficulties, as well as to confirm the decreasing prevalence of neurodisabilities in VPT infants. Improving the neurological outcome of preterm babies remains a major challenge, requiring active research to develop neuroprotection strategies.</p></sec><sec sec-type="supplementary-material" id="sec014"><title>Supporting Information</title><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pone.0114567.s001"><label>S1 Fig</label><caption><title>Questionnaires used in clinical practice in the unit for follow-up at 2 years.</title><p>(DOC)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pone.0114567.s001.doc"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pone.0114567.s002"><label>S2 Fig</label><caption><title>Study consent of the local ethics committee.</title><p>(DOC)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pone.0114567.s002.doc"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pone.0114567.s003"><label>S3 Fig</label><caption><title>Written parental consent (French version).</title><p>(DOC)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pone.0114567.s003.doc"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pone.0114567.s004"><label>S4 Fig</label><caption><title>Written parental consent (English version).</title><p>(DOC)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pone.0114567.s004.doc"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pone.0114567.s005"><label>S1 Table</label><caption><title>Neurodevelopmental score.</title><p>(DOCX)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pone.0114567.s005.docx"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="pone.0114567.s006"><label>S2 Table</label><caption><title>Data table.</title><p>(XLS)</p></caption><media xlink:href="pone.0114567.s006.xls"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media></supplementary-material></sec></body><back><ack><p>We thank Mrs Nathalie Mestre for her technical assistance, Mrs Nikki Sabourin-Gibbs for editorial assistance. We are indebted to the women and children who participated in the study. The members of the Perinatal network of Haute-Normandie are: Belvédère Hospital (Mont St-Aignan): Dr. S. Pauthier, Dr C. Levavasseur; Bernay Hospital: Dr. F. Faggianelli, Dr. F. Mokdad; Dieppe Hospital: Dr. M. Cingotti, Dr. E. Jeannot; Elbeuf Hospital: Dr. M. Paquet, Dr. N. Demarque; Evreux Hospital: Dr. E. Machevin, Dr. M. Levy; Fécamp Hospital: Dr. J-Y. Baril, Dr H. Lahrach; Gisors Hospital: Dr. B. Louis-Juste; Le Havre Hospital: Dr. A. Talbot, Dr. H. Bruel; Clinic Aubépines (Dieppe): Dr. J. Le Long, Dr. C. Lambert; Lillebonne Hospital: Dr. S. Ba; Clinic Mathilde (Rouen): Dr. M. Durand-Reville, Dr. F. Levavasseur; L’Estuaire private Hospital (Le Havre): Dr J-F Le Digabel, Dr J. Stoller; Vernon Hospital: Dr F. Truong-Canh, Dr. M. Rouha; Rouen University Hospital: Pr. L. Marpeau, Pr. S. Marret, Dr. D. Pinquier, Dr. T. Blanc, Dr. C. Lardennois, Dr. A-M. Devaux, Dr. S. Galene-Gromez, Dr A. Labarre and Mrs C. Lévêque.</p><p>Study approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Rouen University Hospital (registration number: E2014–19).</p></ack><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="pone.0114567.ref001"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Blondel</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Lelong</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Kermarrec</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Goffinet</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name>; <collab>National Coordination Group of the National Perinatal Surveys</collab> (<year>2012</year>) <article-title>Trends in perinatal health in France from 1995 to 2010. Results from the French National Perinatal Surveys</article-title>. <source>J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)</source>. <volume>41</volume>:<fpage>e1</fpage>–<lpage>e15</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2012.04.014">10.1016/j.jgyn.2012.04.014</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22613118</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref002"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">INSERM Collective Expertise Centre (2000) Deficiencies and handicaps of perinatal origin: Screening and management. INSERM Collective Expert Reports. Available: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7124/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7124/</ext-link>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref003"><label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Volpe</surname><given-names>JJ</given-names></name> (<year>2009</year>) <article-title>Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances</article-title>. <source>Lancet Neurol</source>. <volume>8</volume>:<fpage>110</fpage>–<lpage>24</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70294-1">10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70294-1</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19081519</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref004"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Himmelmann</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Hagberg</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Uvebrant</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name> (<year>2010</year>) <article-title>The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden. X. Prevalence and origin in the birth-year period 1999–2002</article-title>. <source>Acta Paediatr</source>. <volume>99</volume>:<fpage>1337</fpage>–<lpage>43</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01819.x">10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01819.x</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20377538</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref005"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Oskoui</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Coutinho</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Dykeman</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Jetté</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Pringsheim</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name> (<year>2013</year>) <article-title>An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis</article-title>. <source>Dev Med Child Neurol</source>. <volume>55</volume>:<fpage>509</fpage>–<lpage>19</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12080">10.1111/dmcn.12080</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23346889</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref006"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Ancel P-</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Livinec</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Larroque</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Marret</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Arnaud</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2006</year>) <article-title>Cerebral palsy among very preterm children in relation to gestational age and neonatal ultrasound abnormalities: the EPIPAGE cohort study</article-title>. <source>Pediatrics</source>. <volume>117</volume>:<fpage>828</fpage>–<lpage>35</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16510664</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref007"><label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Marret</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Marchand-Martin</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Picaud J-</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Hascoët</surname><given-names>JM</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Arnaud</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2013</year>) <article-title>Brain injury in very preterm children and neurosensory and cognitive disabilities during childhood: the EPIPAGE cohort study</article-title>. <source>Plos One</source>. <volume>8</volume>:<fpage>e62683</fpage><comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062683">10.1371/journal.pone.0062683</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23658763</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref008"><label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Gross</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Mettelman</surname><given-names>BB</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Dye</surname><given-names>TD</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Slagle</surname><given-names>TA</given-names></name> (<year>2001</year>) <article-title>Impact of family structure and stability on academic outcome in preterm children at 10 years of age</article-title>. <source>J Pediatr</source>. <volume>138</volume>:<fpage>169</fpage>–<lpage>75</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11174612</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref009"><label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><name><surname>Amiel-Tison</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Gosselin</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> (<year>2001</year>) <source>Neurological Development From Birth to 6 Years: User Manual and Examination Chart</source>. <publisher-loc>Baltimore, MD</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>John Hopkins University Press</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref010"><label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Bhutta</surname><given-names>AT</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Cleves</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Casey</surname><given-names>PH</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Cradock</surname><given-names>MM</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Anand</surname><given-names>KJ</given-names></name> (<year>2002</year>) <article-title>Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm: a meta-analysis</article-title>. <source>JAMA</source>. <volume>288</volume>:<fpage>728</fpage>–<lpage>37</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12169077</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref011"><label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Pinto Cardoso</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Abily-Donval</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Chadie</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Guerrot</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Pinquier</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2013</year>) <article-title>Epidemiological study of very preterm infants at Rouen University Hospital: changes in mortality, morbidity, and care over 11 years</article-title>. <source>Arch Pediatr</source>. <volume>20</volume>:<fpage>156</fpage>–<lpage>63</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2012.11.011">10.1016/j.arcped.2012.11.011</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23266166</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref012"><label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Frankenburg</surname><given-names>WK</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Dodds</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Archer</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Shapiro</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Bresnick</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name> (<year>1992</year>) <article-title>The Denver II: a major revision and restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test</article-title>. <source>Pediatrics</source>. <volume>89</volume>:<fpage>91</fpage>–<lpage>7</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1370185</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref013"><label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><collab>Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe</collab> (<year>2000</year>) <article-title>Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe: a collaboration of cerebral palsy surveys and registers. Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE)</article-title>. <source>Dev Med Child Neurol</source>. <volume>42</volume>:<fpage>816</fpage>–<lpage>24</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11132255</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref014"><label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Goodman</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name> (<year>1997</year>) <article-title>The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note</article-title>. <source>J Child Psychol Psychiatry</source>. <volume>38</volume>:<fpage>581</fpage>–<lpage>6</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9255702</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref015"><label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Shojaei</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Wazana</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Pitrou</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Kovess</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name> (<year>2009</year>) <article-title>The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: validation study in French school-aged children and cross-cultural comparisons</article-title>. <source>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</source>. <volume>44</volume>:<fpage>740</fpage>–<lpage>7</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0489-8">10.1007/s00127-008-0489-8</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19099168</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref016"><label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Wolke</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Marlow</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name>, <collab>Preterm Infant Parenting Study Group</collab> (<year>2008</year>) <article-title>Developmental assessment of preterm infants at 2 years: validity of parent reports</article-title>. <source>Dev Med Child Neurol</source>. <volume>50</volume>:<fpage>58</fpage>–<lpage>62</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02010.x">10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02010.x</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18173632</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref017"><label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Orcesi</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Olivieri</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Longo</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Perotti</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name>, <name><surname>La Piana</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><etal>et al</etal> (<year>2012</year>) <article-title>Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm very low birth weight infants born from 2005 to 2007</article-title>. <source>Eur J Paediatr Neurol</source>. <volume>16</volume>:<fpage>716</fpage>–<lpage>23</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2012.05.006">10.1016/j.ejpn.2012.05.006</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22709626</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref018"><label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Moore</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Hennessy</surname><given-names>EM</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Myles</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Draper</surname><given-names>ES</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2012</year>) <article-title>Neurological and developmental outcome in extremely preterm children born in England in 1995 and 2006: the EPICure studies</article-title>. <source>BMJ</source>. <volume>345</volume>:<fpage>e7961</fpage><comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7961">10.1136/bmj.e7961</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23212880</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref019"><label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Tin</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Fritz</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Wariyar</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Hey</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name> (<year>1998</year>) <article-title>Outcome of very preterm birth: children reviewed with ease at 2 years differ from those followed up with difficulty</article-title>. <source>Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed</source>. <volume>79</volume>:<fpage>F83</fpage>–<lpage>7</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9828731</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref020"><label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Van Haastert</surname><given-names>IC</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Groenendaal</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Uiterwaal</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Termote</surname><given-names>JU</given-names></name>, <name><surname>van der Heide-Jalving</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2011</year>) <article-title>Decreasing incidence and severity of cerebral palsy in prematurely born children</article-title>. <source>J Pediatr</source>. <volume>159</volume>:<fpage>86</fpage>–<lpage>91</lpage>.<fpage>e1</fpage><comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.12.053">10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.12.053</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21367430</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref021"><label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Beaino</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Khoshnood</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Kaminski</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Pierrat</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Marret</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2010</year>) <article-title>Predictors of cerebral palsy in very preterm infants: the EPIPAGE prospective population-based cohort study</article-title>. <source>Dev Med Child Neurol</source>. <volume>52</volume>:<fpage>e119</fpage>–<lpage>25</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03612.x">10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03612.x</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20163431</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref022"><label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Payne</surname><given-names>AH</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Hintz</surname><given-names>SR</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Hibbs</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Walsh</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Vohr</surname><given-names>BR</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2013</year>) <article-title>Neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-gestational-age neonates with low-grade periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage</article-title>. <source>JAMA Pediatr</source>. <volume>167</volume>:<fpage>451</fpage>–<lpage>9</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.866">10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.866</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23460139</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref023"><label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Sherlock</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Anderson</surname><given-names>PJ</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Doyle</surname><given-names>LW</given-names></name>, <collab>Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group</collab> (<year>2005</year>) <article-title>Neurodevelopmental sequelae of intraventricular haemorrhage at 8 years of age in a regional cohort of ELBW/very preterm infants</article-title>. <source>Early Hum Dev</source>. <volume>81</volume>:<fpage>909</fpage>–<lpage>16</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16126353</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref024"><label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Sukhov</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Xing</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>LH</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Gilbert</surname><given-names>WM</given-names></name> (<year>2012</year>) <article-title>Risk factors associated with cerebral palsy in preterm infants</article-title>. <source>J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</source>. <volume>25</volume>:<fpage>53</fpage>–<lpage>7</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2012.714980">10.3109/14767058.2012.714980</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21463212</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref025"><label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>YW</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Escobar</surname><given-names>GJ</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Grether</surname><given-names>JK</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Croen</surname><given-names>LA</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Greene</surname><given-names>JD</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2003</year>) <article-title>Chorioamnionitis and cerebral palsy in term and near-term infants</article-title>. <source>JAMA</source>. <volume>290</volume>:<fpage>2677</fpage>–<lpage>84</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14645309</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref026"><label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Halliday</surname><given-names>HL</given-names></name> (<year>2001</year>) <article-title>The effect of postnatal steroids on growth and development</article-title>. <source>J Perinat Med</source>. <volume>29</volume>:<fpage>281</fpage>–<lpage>5</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11565195</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref027"><label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Bain</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Goodchild</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Lontis</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name>, <name><surname>McIntyre</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Ashwood</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2013</year>) <article-title>Magnesium sulphate for the prevention of cerebral palsy in Australia and New Zealand</article-title>. <source>Aust Nurs J</source>. <volume>21</volume>:<fpage>34</fpage>–<lpage>7</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23930314</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref028"><label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Marret</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Marpeau</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Zupan-Simunek</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Eurin</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Lévêque</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2007</year>) <article-title>Magnesium sulphate given before very-preterm birth to protect infant brain: the randomised controlled PREMAG trial</article-title>. <source>BJOG</source>. <volume>114</volume>:<fpage>310</fpage>–<lpage>8</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17169012</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref029"><label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Doyle</surname><given-names>LW</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Crowther</surname><given-names>CA</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Middleton</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Marret</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Rouse</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> (<year>2009</year>) <article-title>Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus</article-title>. <source>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</source>. <volume>1</volume>:<fpage>CD004661</fpage><comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004661.pub3">10.1002/14651858.CD004661.pub3</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19160238</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref030"><label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Beaino</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Khoshnood</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Kaminski</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Marret</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Pierrat</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2011</year>) <article-title>Predictors of the risk of cognitive deficiency in very preterm infants: the EPIPAGE prospective cohort</article-title>. <source>Acta Paediatr</source>. <volume>100</volume>:<fpage>370</fpage>–<lpage>8</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02064.x">10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02064.x</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21241364</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref031"><label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Delobel-Ayoub</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Kaminski</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Marret</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Burguet</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Marchand</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2006</year>) <article-title>Behavioral outcome at 3 years of age in very preterm infants: the EPIPAGE study</article-title>. <source>Pediatrics</source>. <volume>117</volume>:<fpage>1996</fpage>–<lpage>2005</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16740841</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref032"><label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Larroque</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Delobel</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Arnaud</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>, <collab>Marchand L; Groupe Epipage</collab> (<year>2008</year>) <article-title>Outcome at 5 and 8 years of children born very preterm</article-title>. <source>Arch Pediatr</source>. <volume>15</volume>:<fpage>589</fpage>–<lpage>91</lpage>. <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0929-693X(08)71843-8">10.1016/S0929-693X(08)71843-8</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18582682</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref033"><label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Anderson</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Doyle</surname><given-names>LW</given-names></name>, <collab>Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group</collab> (<year>2003</year>) <article-title>Neurobehavioral outcomes of school-age children born extremely low birth weight or very preterm in the 1990s</article-title>. <source>JAMA</source>. <volume>289</volume>:<fpage>3264</fpage>–<lpage>72</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12824207</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref034"><label>34</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Chollat</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Enser</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Houivet</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Provost</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Bénichou</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2014</year>) <article-title>School-Age Outcomes following a Randomized Controlled Trial of Magnesium Sulfate for Neuroprotection of Preterm Infants</article-title>. <source>J Pediatr</source>. <volume>165</volume>(<issue>2</issue>):<fpage>398</fpage>–<lpage>400</lpage>.<fpage>e3</fpage><comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.04.007">10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.04.007</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24837863</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref035"><label>35</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Clark</surname><given-names>RH</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Peabody</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> (<year>2003</year>) <article-title>Extrauterine growth restriction remains a serious problem in prematurely born neonates</article-title>. <source>Pediatrics</source>. <volume>111</volume>(<issue>5 Pt 1</issue>):<fpage>986</fpage>–<lpage>90</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12728076</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="pone.0114567.ref036"><label>36</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name><surname>Ehrenkranz</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Dusick</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Vohr</surname><given-names>BR</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Wright</surname><given-names>LL</given-names></name>, <name><surname>Wrage</surname><given-names>LA</given-names></name>, <etal>et al</etal> (<year>2006</year>) <article-title>Growth in the neonatal intensive care unit influences neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants</article-title>. <source>Pediatrics</source>. <volume>117</volume>(<issue>4</issue>):<fpage>1253</fpage>–<lpage>61</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16585322</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/France/explor/LeHavreV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 0000099 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 0000099 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/France
|area= LeHavreV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé=
|texte=
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. |  |