Multi-species comparison of the mechanism of biotransformation of MeO-BDEs to OH-BDEs in fish
Identifieur interne : 000058 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000057; suivant : 000059Multi-species comparison of the mechanism of biotransformation of MeO-BDEs to OH-BDEs in fish
Auteurs : FENGYAN LIU [Canada] ; Steve Wiseman [Canada] ; YI WAN [République populaire de Chine] ; Jonathan A. Doering [Canada] ; Markus Hecker [Canada] ; Michael H. W. Lam [Canada] ; John P. Giesy [Canada, Hong Kong, Arabie saoudite, États-Unis]Source :
- Aquatic toxicology [ 0166-445X ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Milieu aquatique.
English descriptors
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Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their methoxylated- (MeO-) and hydroxylated- (OH-) analogs are ubiquitously distributed in the environment worldwide. The OH-BDEs have greater potency than PBDEs and can be produced from the transformation of MeO-BDEs. The objectives of the current study were to (1) identify the enzyme(s) that catalyze biotransformation of 6-MeO-BDE-47 to 6-OH-BDE-47 in livers from rainbow trout, and (2) compare biotransformation of 6-MeO-BDE-47 to 6-OH-BDE-47 among rainbow trout, white sturgeon and goldfish. Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) enzymes did not catalyze the biotransformation reaction. However, biotransformation was significantly inhibited by the CYP inhibitors clotrimazole and 1-benzylimidazole but not gestodene. Therefore, the reaction is likely catalyzed by CYP2 enzymes. When biotransformation was compared among species, concentrations of 6-OH-BDE-47 were significantly 3.4- and 9.1-fold greater in microsomes from rainbow trout compared to goldfish or white sturgeon, respectively. Concentrations of 6-OH-BDE-47 in microsomes from goldfish were non-significantly 2.7-fold greater than in sturgeon. The initial rate of biotransformation in microsomes from livers of rainbow trout was significantly 2.0- and 6.2-fold greater than the initial rate of biotransformation in microsomes from livers of goldfish or sturgeon, respectively, while the initial rate in goldfish was significantly 3.1-fold greater than in sturgeon. It is hypothesized that differences in CYP-mediated biotransformation of MeO-BDEs to OH-BDEs could influence concentrations of OH-BDEs in different species of fish.
Affiliations:
- Arabie saoudite, Canada, Hong Kong, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis
- Michigan, Pékin
- East Lansing, Pékin
- Université d'État du Michigan, Université de Pékin
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Multi-species comparison of the mechanism of biotransformation of MeO-BDEs to OH-BDEs in fish</title><author><name sortKey="Fengyan Liu" sort="Fengyan Liu" uniqKey="Fengyan Liu" last="Fengyan Liu">FENGYAN LIU</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wiseman, Steve" sort="Wiseman, Steve" uniqKey="Wiseman S" first="Steve" last="Wiseman">Steve Wiseman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yi Wan" sort="Yi Wan" uniqKey="Yi Wan" last="Yi Wan">YI WAN</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University</s1><s2>Beijing 100871</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Pékin</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement><region type="capitale">Pékin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doering, Jonathan A" sort="Doering, Jonathan A" uniqKey="Doering J" first="Jonathan A." last="Doering">Jonathan A. 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Giesy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Depamment of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Biology and Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory for Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong</s1><s2>Kowloon</s2><s3>HKG</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Hong Kong</country><wicri:noRegion>Kowloon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455</s1><s2>Riyadh 11451</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</s1><s3>HKG</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Hong Kong</country><wicri:noRegion>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Zoology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University</s1><s2>East Lansing, MI 48824</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region><settlement type="city">East Lansing</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État du Michigan</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">12-0200614</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 12-0200614 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:12-0200614</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000060</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000314</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000058</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000058</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Multi-species comparison of the mechanism of biotransformation of MeO-BDEs to OH-BDEs in fish</title><author><name sortKey="Fengyan Liu" sort="Fengyan Liu" uniqKey="Fengyan Liu" last="Fengyan Liu">FENGYAN LIU</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wiseman, Steve" sort="Wiseman, Steve" uniqKey="Wiseman S" first="Steve" last="Wiseman">Steve Wiseman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yi Wan" sort="Yi Wan" uniqKey="Yi Wan" last="Yi Wan">YI WAN</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University</s1><s2>Beijing 100871</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Pékin</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement><region type="capitale">Pékin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doering, Jonathan A" sort="Doering, Jonathan A" uniqKey="Doering J" first="Jonathan A." last="Doering">Jonathan A. Doering</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hecker, Markus" sort="Hecker, Markus" uniqKey="Hecker M" first="Markus" last="Hecker">Markus Hecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Michael H W" sort="Lam, Michael H W" uniqKey="Lam M" first="Michael H. W." last="Lam">Michael H. W. Lam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Depamment of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P." last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Depamment of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Biology and Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory for Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong</s1><s2>Kowloon</s2><s3>HKG</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Hong Kong</country><wicri:noRegion>Kowloon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455</s1><s2>Riyadh 11451</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</s1><s3>HKG</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Hong Kong</country><wicri:noRegion>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Zoology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University</s1><s2>East Lansing, MI 48824</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region><settlement type="city">East Lansing</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État du Michigan</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Aquatic toxicology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Aquat. toxicol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0166-445X</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Aquatic toxicology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Aquat. toxicol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0166-445X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aquatic environment</term><term>Biological marker</term><term>Biotransformation</term><term>Cytochrome P450</term><term>Ecotoxicology</term><term>Hydroxylation</term><term>Inhibitor</term><term>Microsome</term><term>Pisces</term><term>Toxicity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biotransformation</term><term>Pisces</term><term>Cytochrome P450</term><term>Microsome</term><term>Hydroxylation</term><term>Inhibiteur</term><term>Milieu aquatique</term><term>Ecotoxicologie</term><term>Marqueur biologique</term><term>Toxicité</term><term>Acipenser</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Milieu aquatique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their methoxylated- (MeO-) and hydroxylated- (OH-) analogs are ubiquitously distributed in the environment worldwide. The OH-BDEs have greater potency than PBDEs and can be produced from the transformation of MeO-BDEs. The objectives of the current study were to (1) identify the enzyme(s) that catalyze biotransformation of 6-MeO-BDE-47 to 6-OH-BDE-47 in livers from rainbow trout, and (2) compare biotransformation of 6-MeO-BDE-47 to 6-OH-BDE-47 among rainbow trout, white sturgeon and goldfish. Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) enzymes did not catalyze the biotransformation reaction. However, biotransformation was significantly inhibited by the CYP inhibitors clotrimazole and 1-benzylimidazole but not gestodene. Therefore, the reaction is likely catalyzed by CYP2 enzymes. When biotransformation was compared among species, concentrations of 6-OH-BDE-47 were significantly 3.4- and 9.1-fold greater in microsomes from rainbow trout compared to goldfish or white sturgeon, respectively. Concentrations of 6-OH-BDE-47 in microsomes from goldfish were non-significantly 2.7-fold greater than in sturgeon. The initial rate of biotransformation in microsomes from livers of rainbow trout was significantly 2.0- and 6.2-fold greater than the initial rate of biotransformation in microsomes from livers of goldfish or sturgeon, respectively, while the initial rate in goldfish was significantly 3.1-fold greater than in sturgeon. It is hypothesized that differences in CYP-mediated biotransformation of MeO-BDEs to OH-BDEs could influence concentrations of OH-BDEs in different species of fish.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0166-445X</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>AQTODG</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Aquat. toxicol.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>114-15</s2></fA05><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Multi-species comparison of the mechanism of biotransformation of MeO-BDEs to OH-BDEs in fish</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>FENGYAN LIU</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>WISEMAN (Steve)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>YI WAN</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>DOERING (Jonathan A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>HECKER (Markus)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>LAM (Michael H. W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>GIESY (John P.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University</s1><s2>Beijing 100871</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Depamment of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan</s1><s2>Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Biology and Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory for Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong</s1><s2>Kowloon</s2><s3>HKG</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455</s1><s2>Riyadh 11451</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</s1><s3>HKG</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Zoology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University</s1><s2>East Lansing, MI 48824</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>182-188</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2012</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>18841</s2><s5>354000506905600210</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2012 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>3/4 p.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>12-0200614</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Aquatic toxicology</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>NLD</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their methoxylated- (MeO-) and hydroxylated- (OH-) analogs are ubiquitously distributed in the environment worldwide. The OH-BDEs have greater potency than PBDEs and can be produced from the transformation of MeO-BDEs. The objectives of the current study were to (1) identify the enzyme(s) that catalyze biotransformation of 6-MeO-BDE-47 to 6-OH-BDE-47 in livers from rainbow trout, and (2) compare biotransformation of 6-MeO-BDE-47 to 6-OH-BDE-47 among rainbow trout, white sturgeon and goldfish. Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) enzymes did not catalyze the biotransformation reaction. However, biotransformation was significantly inhibited by the CYP inhibitors clotrimazole and 1-benzylimidazole but not gestodene. Therefore, the reaction is likely catalyzed by CYP2 enzymes. When biotransformation was compared among species, concentrations of 6-OH-BDE-47 were significantly 3.4- and 9.1-fold greater in microsomes from rainbow trout compared to goldfish or white sturgeon, respectively. Concentrations of 6-OH-BDE-47 in microsomes from goldfish were non-significantly 2.7-fold greater than in sturgeon. The initial rate of biotransformation in microsomes from livers of rainbow trout was significantly 2.0- and 6.2-fold greater than the initial rate of biotransformation in microsomes from livers of goldfish or sturgeon, respectively, while the initial rate in goldfish was significantly 3.1-fold greater than in sturgeon. It is hypothesized that differences in CYP-mediated biotransformation of MeO-BDEs to OH-BDEs could influence concentrations of OH-BDEs in different species of fish.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A14D05A</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002A15B</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Biotransformation</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Biotransformation</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Biotransformación</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pisces</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Pisces</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Pisces</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Cytochrome P450</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cytochrome P450</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Citocromo P450</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Microsome</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Microsome</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Microsoma</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hydroxylation</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Hydroxylation</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hidroxilación</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Inhibiteur</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Inhibitor</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Inhibidor</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Milieu aquatique</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Aquatic environment</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Medio acuático</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ecotoxicologie</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ecotoxicology</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ecotoxicología</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Marqueur biologique</s0><s5>23</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Biological marker</s0><s5>23</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Marcador biológico</s0><s5>23</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Toxicité</s0><s5>24</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Toxicity</s0><s5>24</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Toxicidad</s0><s5>24</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Acipenser</s0><s4>INC</s4><s5>64</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Vertebrata</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Vertebrata</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Vertebrata</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Acipenseridae</s0><s4>INC</s4><s5>70</s5></fC07><fN21><s1>156</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Canada</li><li>Hong Kong</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Michigan</li><li>Pékin</li></region><settlement><li>East Lansing</li><li>Pékin</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'État du Michigan</li><li>Université de Pékin</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fengyan Liu" sort="Fengyan Liu" uniqKey="Fengyan Liu" last="Fengyan Liu">FENGYAN LIU</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Doering, Jonathan A" sort="Doering, Jonathan A" uniqKey="Doering J" first="Jonathan A." last="Doering">Jonathan A. Doering</name><name sortKey="Doering, Jonathan A" sort="Doering, Jonathan A" uniqKey="Doering J" first="Jonathan A." last="Doering">Jonathan A. Doering</name><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P." last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P." last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name><name sortKey="Hecker, Markus" sort="Hecker, Markus" uniqKey="Hecker M" first="Markus" last="Hecker">Markus Hecker</name><name sortKey="Hecker, Markus" sort="Hecker, Markus" uniqKey="Hecker M" first="Markus" last="Hecker">Markus Hecker</name><name sortKey="Lam, Michael H W" sort="Lam, Michael H W" uniqKey="Lam M" first="Michael H. W." last="Lam">Michael H. W. Lam</name><name sortKey="Wiseman, Steve" sort="Wiseman, Steve" uniqKey="Wiseman S" first="Steve" last="Wiseman">Steve Wiseman</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yi Wan" sort="Yi Wan" uniqKey="Yi Wan" last="Yi Wan">YI WAN</name></noRegion></country><country name="Hong Kong"><noRegion><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P." last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P." last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name></country><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P." last="Giesy">John P. Giesy</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Michigan"><name sortKey="Giesy, John P" sort="Giesy, John P" uniqKey="Giesy J" first="John P." last="Giesy">John P. 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