A theoretical study of river fragmentation by dams and its effects on white sturgeon populations
Identifieur interne : 001580 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 001579; suivant : 001581A theoretical study of river fragmentation by dams and its effects on white sturgeon populations
Auteurs : Henriette I. Jager [États-Unis] ; James A. Chandler [États-Unis] ; Kenneth B. Lepla [États-Unis] ; Webb Van WinkleSource :
- Environmental biology of fishes [ 0378-1909 ] ; 2001.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Démographie, Habitat.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Most of the world's large rivers are fragmented by dams. Fragmentation of the river ecosystem alters migration patterns among fish populations and converts free-flowing river to reservoir habitat. In this study, we used an individual-based genetic metapopulation model to study the effects of fragmentation on the population viability and genetic diversity of a large-river fish, the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. In the first of two simulation experiments, we fragmented a 200 km river reach by building 1 to 20 virtual dams. Increased fragmentation produced an exponential decline in the likelihood of persistence, but no extinction threshold to suggest a minimum viable length of river. Compounding isolation with the loss of free-flowing habitat did not further reduce viability until free-flowing habitat was nearly eliminated, at which point extinction was certain. Genetic diversity within (among) populations decreased (increased) as we built' the first several dams. Adding more dams caused the number of persisting populations to decline and eroded genetic diversity within and among populations. Our second simulation experiment evaluated the effects of different levels of upstream and downstream migration between river segments. The results of these migration experiments highlighted the importance of balanced migration rates. We found that extinction risk was high for populations linked by high downstream, and low upstream, migration rates, as is often the case in impounded rivers. Our results support the view that migration patterns will play a significant role in determining the viability of riverine fishes, such as the white sturgeon, in river ecosystems fragmented by dams.
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Chandler</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Aquatic Section, Environmental Affairs, Idaho Power Co.</s1><s2>Boise, ID 83702</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Idaho</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepla, Kenneth B" sort="Lepla, Kenneth B" uniqKey="Lepla K" first="Kenneth B." last="Lepla">Kenneth B. Lepla</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Aquatic Section, Environmental Affairs, Idaho Power Co.</s1><s2>Boise, ID 83702</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Idaho</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Winkle, Webb" sort="Van Winkle, Webb" uniqKey="Van Winkle W" first="Webb" last="Van Winkle">Webb Van Winkle</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">01-0258604</idno><date when="2001">2001</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 01-0258604 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:01-0258604</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000349</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000028</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000347</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000347</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0378-1909:2001:Jager H:a:theoretical:study</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001580</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">A theoretical study of river fragmentation by dams and its effects on white sturgeon populations</title><author><name sortKey="Jager, Henriette I" sort="Jager, Henriette I" uniqKey="Jager H" first="Henriette I." last="Jager">Henriette I. Jager</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge National Laboratory</s1><s2>Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6036</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chandler, James A" sort="Chandler, James A" uniqKey="Chandler J" first="James A." last="Chandler">James A. Chandler</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Aquatic Section, Environmental Affairs, Idaho Power Co.</s1><s2>Boise, ID 83702</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Idaho</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepla, Kenneth B" sort="Lepla, Kenneth B" uniqKey="Lepla K" first="Kenneth B." last="Lepla">Kenneth B. Lepla</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Aquatic Section, Environmental Affairs, Idaho Power Co.</s1><s2>Boise, ID 83702</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Idaho</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Winkle, Webb" sort="Van Winkle, Webb" uniqKey="Van Winkle W" first="Webb" last="Van Winkle">Webb Van Winkle</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Environmental biology of fishes</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Environ. biol. fishes</title><idno type="ISSN">0378-1909</idno><imprint><date when="2001">2001</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Environmental biology of fishes</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Environ. biol. fishes</title><idno type="ISSN">0378-1909</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acipenser transmontanus</term><term>Anadromous species</term><term>Animal migration</term><term>Artificial lake</term><term>Dam</term><term>Demography</term><term>Fragmentation</term><term>Genetic diversity</term><term>Habitat</term><term>Impoundment</term><term>Metapopulation</term><term>Population management</term><term>Simulation model</term><term>Snake River</term><term>Stream</term><term>United States</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Migration animale</term><term>Cours eau</term><term>Barrage</term><term>Bassin retenue</term><term>Lac artificiel</term><term>Diversité génétique</term><term>Démographie</term><term>Modèle simulation</term><term>Métapopulation</term><term>Gestion population</term><term>Etats Unis</term><term>Fragmentation</term><term>Habitat</term><term>Acipenser transmontanus</term><term>Rivière Columbia</term><term>Espèce anadrome</term><term>Rivière Snake</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Démographie</term><term>Habitat</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Most of the world's large rivers are fragmented by dams. Fragmentation of the river ecosystem alters migration patterns among fish populations and converts free-flowing river to reservoir habitat. In this study, we used an individual-based genetic metapopulation model to study the effects of fragmentation on the population viability and genetic diversity of a large-river fish, the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. In the first of two simulation experiments, we fragmented a 200 km river reach by building 1 to 20 virtual dams. Increased fragmentation produced an exponential decline in the likelihood of persistence, but no extinction threshold to suggest a minimum viable length of river. Compounding isolation with the loss of free-flowing habitat did not further reduce viability until free-flowing habitat was nearly eliminated, at which point extinction was certain. Genetic diversity within (among) populations decreased (increased) as we built' the first several dams. Adding more dams caused the number of persisting populations to decline and eroded genetic diversity within and among populations. Our second simulation experiment evaluated the effects of different levels of upstream and downstream migration between river segments. The results of these migration experiments highlighted the importance of balanced migration rates. We found that extinction risk was high for populations linked by high downstream, and low upstream, migration rates, as is often the case in impounded rivers. Our results support the view that migration patterns will play a significant role in determining the viability of riverine fishes, such as the white sturgeon, in river ecosystems fragmented by dams.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Idaho</li><li>Tennessee</li></region></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Van Winkle, Webb" sort="Van Winkle, Webb" uniqKey="Van Winkle W" first="Webb" last="Van Winkle">Webb Van Winkle</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Tennessee"><name sortKey="Jager, Henriette I" sort="Jager, Henriette I" uniqKey="Jager H" first="Henriette I." last="Jager">Henriette I. Jager</name></region><name sortKey="Chandler, James A" sort="Chandler, James A" uniqKey="Chandler J" first="James A." last="Chandler">James A. Chandler</name><name sortKey="Lepla, Kenneth B" sort="Lepla, Kenneth B" uniqKey="Lepla K" first="Kenneth B." last="Lepla">Kenneth B. Lepla</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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