Galanin gene expression and effects of its knock‐down on the development of the nervous system in larval zebrafish
Identifieur interne : 001664 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001663; suivant : 001665Galanin gene expression and effects of its knock‐down on the development of the nervous system in larval zebrafish
Auteurs : P. Podlasz ; V. Sallinen ; Y. Chen ; H. Kudo ; N. Fedorowska ; P. PanulaSource :
- Journal of Comparative Neurology [ 0021-9967 ] ; 2012-12-01.
English descriptors
Abstract
Despite the known importance of galanin in the nervous system of vertebrates, the galanin gene structure and expression and the consequences of galanin deficiency in developing zebrafish are unknown. We cloned the galanin gene and analyzed its expression by using in situ hybridization, PCR, and immunocytochemistry throughout the early development of zebrafish until the end of the first week of life. The single zebrafish galanin gene encoded for a single amidated galanin peptide and a galanin message‐associated peptide. Two forms resulting from alternative processing were identified. Galanin mRNA was maternally expressed and found in developing fish throughout early development. In situ hybridization showed the first positive neurons in three groups in the brain at 28 hours postfertilization. At 2 days postfertilization, three prosencephalic neuron groups were seen in the preoptic area and in rostral and caudal periventricular hypothalamus. In addition, two other groups of weakly stained neurons were visible, one in the midbrain and another in the hindbrain. Translation inhibition of galanin mRNA with morpholino oligonucleotides caused complete disappearance of galanin immunoreactivity in the brain until 7 dpf and did not induce known cascades of nonspecific pathways or morphological abnormalities. A minor disturbance of sensory ganglia was found. Galanin knockdown did not alter the expression of tyrosine hydroxylases 1 and 2, choline acetyltransferase, histidine decarboxylase, or orexin mRNA. The results suggest that galanin does not regulate the development of these key markers of specific neurons, although galanin‐expressing fibers were in a close spatial proximity to several neurons of these neuronal populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3846–3862, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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DOI: 10.1002/cne.23131
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We cloned the galanin gene and analyzed its expression by using in situ hybridization, PCR, and immunocytochemistry throughout the early development of zebrafish until the end of the first week of life. The single zebrafish galanin gene encoded for a single amidated galanin peptide and a galanin message‐associated peptide. Two forms resulting from alternative processing were identified. Galanin mRNA was maternally expressed and found in developing fish throughout early development. In situ hybridization showed the first positive neurons in three groups in the brain at 28 hours postfertilization. At 2 days postfertilization, three prosencephalic neuron groups were seen in the preoptic area and in rostral and caudal periventricular hypothalamus. In addition, two other groups of weakly stained neurons were visible, one in the midbrain and another in the hindbrain. Translation inhibition of galanin mRNA with morpholino oligonucleotides caused complete disappearance of galanin immunoreactivity in the brain until 7 dpf and did not induce known cascades of nonspecific pathways or morphological abnormalities. A minor disturbance of sensory ganglia was found. Galanin knockdown did not alter the expression of tyrosine hydroxylases 1 and 2, choline acetyltransferase, histidine decarboxylase, or orexin mRNA. The results suggest that galanin does not regulate the development of these key markers of specific neurons, although galanin‐expressing fibers were in a close spatial proximity to several neurons of these neuronal populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3846–3862, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>P. 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We cloned the galanin gene and analyzed its expression by using in situ hybridization, PCR, and immunocytochemistry throughout the early development of zebrafish until the end of the first week of life. The single zebrafish galanin gene encoded for a single amidated galanin peptide and a galanin message‐associated peptide. Two forms resulting from alternative processing were identified. Galanin mRNA was maternally expressed and found in developing fish throughout early development. In situ hybridization showed the first positive neurons in three groups in the brain at 28 hours postfertilization. At 2 days postfertilization, three prosencephalic neuron groups were seen in the preoptic area and in rostral and caudal periventricular hypothalamus. In addition, two other groups of weakly stained neurons were visible, one in the midbrain and another in the hindbrain. Translation inhibition of galanin mRNA with morpholino oligonucleotides caused complete disappearance of galanin immunoreactivity in the brain until 7 dpf and did not induce known cascades of nonspecific pathways or morphological abnormalities. A minor disturbance of sensory ganglia was found. Galanin knockdown did not alter the expression of tyrosine hydroxylases 1 and 2, choline acetyltransferase, histidine decarboxylase, or orexin mRNA. The results suggest that galanin does not regulate the development of these key markers of specific neurons, although galanin‐expressing fibers were in a close spatial proximity to several neurons of these neuronal populations. J. Comp. 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We cloned the galanin gene and analyzed its expression by using in situ hybridization, PCR, and immunocytochemistry throughout the early development of zebrafish until the end of the first week of life. The single zebrafish galanin gene encoded for a single amidated galanin peptide and a galanin message‐associated peptide. Two forms resulting from alternative processing were identified. Galanin mRNA was maternally expressed and found in developing fish throughout early development. In situ hybridization showed the first positive neurons in three groups in the brain at 28 hours postfertilization. At 2 days postfertilization, three prosencephalic neuron groups were seen in the preoptic area and in rostral and caudal periventricular hypothalamus. In addition, two other groups of weakly stained neurons were visible, one in the midbrain and another in the hindbrain. Translation inhibition of galanin mRNA with morpholino oligonucleotides caused complete disappearance of galanin immunoreactivity in the brain until 7 dpf and did not induce known cascades of nonspecific pathways or morphological abnormalities. A minor disturbance of sensory ganglia was found. Galanin knockdown did not alter the expression of tyrosine hydroxylases 1 and 2, choline acetyltransferase, histidine decarboxylase, or orexin mRNA. The results suggest that galanin does not regulate the development of these key markers of specific neurons, although galanin‐expressing fibers were in a close spatial proximity to several neurons of these neuronal populations. J. Comp. 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Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), University of Helsinki, FIN‐00014 Helsinki, Finland</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:CNE.CNE23131.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="10"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="77"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="10290"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Galanin gene expression and effects of its knock‐down on the development of the nervous system in larval zebrafish</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Galanin Gene Knock‐Down and the Larval Zebrafish Nervous System</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>P.</givenNames><familyName>Podlasz</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>V.</givenNames><familyName>Sallinen</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Y.‐C.</givenNames><familyName>Chen</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>H.</givenNames><familyName>Kudo</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>N.</givenNames><familyName>Fedorowska</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>P.</givenNames><familyName>Panula</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>pertti.panula@helsinki.fi</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="FI" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, FIN‐00014 Helsinki, Finland</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="PL" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10‐719 Olsztyn, Poland</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">development</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">morpholino oligonucleotide</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">tyrosine hydroxylase</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">serotonin</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">histamine</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">orexin</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Academy of Finland</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Sigrid Juselius Foundation</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><supportingInformation><p> Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. </p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting information" href="urn-x:wiley:00219967:media:cne23131:CNE_23131_sm_SuppMov1"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting Information animation 1. 3D‐animation demonstrating galanin immunoreactivity in the brain of 7dpf zebrafish.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting information" href="urn-x:wiley:00219967:media:cne23131:CNE_23131_sm_SuppMov2"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting Information animation 2. 3D‐animation demonstrating galanin immunoreactivity in the 2dpf zebrafish.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Despite the known importance of galanin in the nervous system of vertebrates, the galanin gene structure and expression and the consequences of galanin deficiency in developing zebrafish are unknown. We cloned the galanin gene and analyzed its expression by using in situ hybridization, PCR, and immunocytochemistry throughout the early development of zebrafish until the end of the first week of life. The single zebrafish galanin gene encoded for a single amidated galanin peptide and a galanin message‐associated peptide. Two forms resulting from alternative processing were identified. Galanin mRNA was maternally expressed and found in developing fish throughout early development. In situ hybridization showed the first positive neurons in three groups in the brain at 28 hours postfertilization. At 2 days postfertilization, three prosencephalic neuron groups were seen in the preoptic area and in rostral and caudal periventricular hypothalamus. In addition, two other groups of weakly stained neurons were visible, one in the midbrain and another in the hindbrain. Translation inhibition of galanin mRNA with morpholino oligonucleotides caused complete disappearance of galanin immunoreactivity in the brain until 7 dpf and did not induce known cascades of nonspecific pathways or morphological abnormalities. A minor disturbance of sensory ganglia was found. Galanin knockdown did not alter the expression of tyrosine hydroxylases 1 and 2, choline acetyltransferase, histidine decarboxylase, or orexin mRNA. The results suggest that galanin does not regulate the development of these key markers of specific neurons, although galanin‐expressing fibers were in a close spatial proximity to several neurons of these neuronal populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3846–3862, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Galanin gene expression and effects of its knock‐down on the development of the nervous system in larval zebrafish</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Galanin Gene Knock‐Down and the Larval Zebrafish Nervous System</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Galanin gene expression and effects of its knock‐down on the development of the nervous system in larval zebrafish</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Podlasz</namePart><affiliation>Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, FIN‐00014 Helsinki, Finland</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10‐719 Olsztyn, Poland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sallinen</namePart><affiliation>Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, FIN‐00014 Helsinki, Finland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.‐C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><affiliation>Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, FIN‐00014 Helsinki, Finland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kudo</namePart><affiliation>Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, FIN‐00014 Helsinki, Finland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fedorowska</namePart><affiliation>Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10‐719 Olsztyn, Poland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Panula</namePart><affiliation>Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, FIN‐00014 Helsinki, Finland</affiliation><affiliation>Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), University of Helsinki, FIN‐00014 Helsinki, Finland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-12-01</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2012-02-06</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2012-04-16</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">10</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">77</extent><extent unit="words">10290</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Despite the known importance of galanin in the nervous system of vertebrates, the galanin gene structure and expression and the consequences of galanin deficiency in developing zebrafish are unknown. We cloned the galanin gene and analyzed its expression by using in situ hybridization, PCR, and immunocytochemistry throughout the early development of zebrafish until the end of the first week of life. The single zebrafish galanin gene encoded for a single amidated galanin peptide and a galanin message‐associated peptide. Two forms resulting from alternative processing were identified. Galanin mRNA was maternally expressed and found in developing fish throughout early development. In situ hybridization showed the first positive neurons in three groups in the brain at 28 hours postfertilization. At 2 days postfertilization, three prosencephalic neuron groups were seen in the preoptic area and in rostral and caudal periventricular hypothalamus. In addition, two other groups of weakly stained neurons were visible, one in the midbrain and another in the hindbrain. Translation inhibition of galanin mRNA with morpholino oligonucleotides caused complete disappearance of galanin immunoreactivity in the brain until 7 dpf and did not induce known cascades of nonspecific pathways or morphological abnormalities. A minor disturbance of sensory ganglia was found. Galanin knockdown did not alter the expression of tyrosine hydroxylases 1 and 2, choline acetyltransferase, histidine decarboxylase, or orexin mRNA. The results suggest that galanin does not regulate the development of these key markers of specific neurons, although galanin‐expressing fibers were in a close spatial proximity to several neurons of these neuronal populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3846–3862, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract><note type="funding">Academy of Finland</note><note type="funding">Sigrid Juselius Foundation</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>development</topic><topic>morpholino oligonucleotide</topic><topic>tyrosine hydroxylase</topic><topic>serotonin</topic><topic>histamine</topic><topic>orexin</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Comparative Neurology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Comp. Neurol.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><note type="content"> Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.Supporting Info Item: Supporting Information animation 1. 3D‐animation demonstrating galanin immunoreactivity in the brain of 7dpf zebrafish. - Supporting Information animation 2. 3D‐animation demonstrating galanin immunoreactivity in the 2dpf zebrafish. - </note><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0021-9967</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1096-9861</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9861</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CNE</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>520</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3846</start><end>3862</end><total>17</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">850833345999625721E0D6E69B01FD099E9BCBF4</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/cne.23131</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">CNE23131</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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