Improving anti‐predator responses of hatchery reared salmonids by social learning
Identifieur interne : 001532 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001531; suivant : 001533Improving anti‐predator responses of hatchery reared salmonids by social learning
Auteurs : H. Hirvonen ; S. Vilhunen ; C. Brown ; V. Lintunen ; K. N. LalandSource :
- Journal of Fish Biology [ 0022-1112 ] ; 2003-12.
Abstract
Predation shortly after release is the main source of mortality among hatchery‐reared fish used to restore or enhance endangered salmonid populations. We found, that hatchery‐reared salmonid young originating from endangered stocks have weak innate responses to their natural fish predators. The ability to avoid predation in fish can be improved through social learning from experienced to naïve individuals. Huge benefits would be achieved, if social learning processes could be successfully applied on a large scale to enhance viability of hatchery fish prior to release into the wild. By using model predators together with chemical cues from real predators we tested if social learning could be used to train hatchery‐reared salmonid young to avoid fish predators. As there are clear differences in social behaviour among the salmonid species, we first examined whether these differences affect the probability and efficiency of learning anti‐predator skills from trained demonstrators. We compared anti‐predator responses of observers (fish trained by using experienced fish as demonstrators) with those of control fish, which had been ‘trained’ by untrained naïve conspecifics. We also examined how the efficiency of social learning depends on the ratio of experienced to naïve fish involved in social transmission trials. The results of these experiments will give guidelines how social learning could be utilized in developing hatchery scale training protocols.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2003.0216n.x
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Laland</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>3 School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, U.K.).</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Fish Biology</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1112</idno><idno type="eISSN">1095-8649</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK; Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2003-12">2003-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">63</biblScope><biblScope unit="supplement">s1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="232">232</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="232">232</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-1112</idno></series><idno type="istex">401C4B8DF2888FEA992CC0F34A67EC9209A8D73D</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1095-8649.2003.0216n.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JFB216N</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-1112</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Predation shortly after release is the main source of mortality among hatchery‐reared fish used to restore or enhance endangered salmonid populations. We found, that hatchery‐reared salmonid young originating from endangered stocks have weak innate responses to their natural fish predators. The ability to avoid predation in fish can be improved through social learning from experienced to naïve individuals. Huge benefits would be achieved, if social learning processes could be successfully applied on a large scale to enhance viability of hatchery fish prior to release into the wild. By using model predators together with chemical cues from real predators we tested if social learning could be used to train hatchery‐reared salmonid young to avoid fish predators. As there are clear differences in social behaviour among the salmonid species, we first examined whether these differences affect the probability and efficiency of learning anti‐predator skills from trained demonstrators. We compared anti‐predator responses of observers (fish trained by using experienced fish as demonstrators) with those of control fish, which had been ‘trained’ by untrained naïve conspecifics. We also examined how the efficiency of social learning depends on the ratio of experienced to naïve fish involved in social transmission trials. The results of these experiments will give guidelines how social learning could be utilized in developing hatchery scale training protocols.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>H. Hirvonen</name><affiliations><json:string>(1Division of Population Biology, PO Box 65, FIN‐00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Vilhunen</name><affiliations><json:string>(1Division of Population Biology, PO Box 65, FIN‐00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. 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We found, that hatchery‐reared salmonid young originating from endangered stocks have weak innate responses to their natural fish predators. The ability to avoid predation in fish can be improved through social learning from experienced to naïve individuals. Huge benefits would be achieved, if social learning processes could be successfully applied on a large scale to enhance viability of hatchery fish prior to release into the wild. By using model predators together with chemical cues from real predators we tested if social learning could be used to train hatchery‐reared salmonid young to avoid fish predators. As there are clear differences in social behaviour among the salmonid species, we first examined whether these differences affect the probability and efficiency of learning anti‐predator skills from trained demonstrators. 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We compared anti‐predator responses of observers (fish trained by using experienced fish as demonstrators) with those of control fish, which had been ‘trained’ by untrained naïve conspecifics. We also examined how the efficiency of social learning depends on the ratio of experienced to naïve fish involved in social transmission trials. 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We compared anti‐predator responses of observers (fish trained by using experienced fish as demonstrators) with those of control fish, which had been ‘trained’ by untrained naïve conspecifics. We also examined how the efficiency of social learning depends on the ratio of experienced to naïve fish involved in social transmission trials. 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N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Laland</namePart><affiliation>3 School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, U.K.).</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="abstract" displayLabel="abstract"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK; Malden, USA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2003-12</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2003</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Predation shortly after release is the main source of mortality among hatchery‐reared fish used to restore or enhance endangered salmonid populations. We found, that hatchery‐reared salmonid young originating from endangered stocks have weak innate responses to their natural fish predators. The ability to avoid predation in fish can be improved through social learning from experienced to naïve individuals. Huge benefits would be achieved, if social learning processes could be successfully applied on a large scale to enhance viability of hatchery fish prior to release into the wild. By using model predators together with chemical cues from real predators we tested if social learning could be used to train hatchery‐reared salmonid young to avoid fish predators. As there are clear differences in social behaviour among the salmonid species, we first examined whether these differences affect the probability and efficiency of learning anti‐predator skills from trained demonstrators. We compared anti‐predator responses of observers (fish trained by using experienced fish as demonstrators) with those of control fish, which had been ‘trained’ by untrained naïve conspecifics. We also examined how the efficiency of social learning depends on the ratio of experienced to naïve fish involved in social transmission trials. 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