Polygenic expression of somatostatin in the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus: Molecular cloning and distribution of the mRNAs encoding two somatostatin precursors
Identifieur interne : 001344 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001343; suivant : 001345Polygenic expression of somatostatin in the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus: Molecular cloning and distribution of the mRNAs encoding two somatostatin precursors
Auteurs : Michele Trabucchi ; Hervé Tostivint ; Isabelle Lihrmann ; Cristina Sollars ; Mauro Vallarino ; Robert M. Dores ; Hubert VaudrySource :
- Journal of Comparative Neurology [ 0021-9967 ] ; 2002-02-18.
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Abstract
The sequence of somatostatin‐14 (SS1) has been strongly preserved throughout the evolution of vertebrates from agnathans to mammals. In Acipenseridae (sturgeons), two isoforms of somatostatin have been characterized to date: somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the pituitary of the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti. In the present study, we report the cloning of two distinct somatostatin cDNAs from the brain of the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. One of the cDNAs encodes a 116‐amino acid protein (PSS1) that contains the SS1 sequence at its C‐terminal extremity and, thus, is clearly orthologous to other vertebrate PSS1. The other cDNA encodes a 111‐amino acid protein that contains the somatostatin variant [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 at its C‐terminal extremity. This second precursor exhibits more than 67% identity with the recently characterized lungfish PSS2 and goldfish PSS2. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PSS1 is expressed in the central nervous system, the pancreas and the gut, whereas PSS2 is found in the central nervous system but not in the digestive system. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the PSS1 and PSS2 genes are differently expressed in numerous regions of the sturgeon brain. Interestingly, PSS1 and PSS2 mRNAs are present in the hypothalamus suggesting that, in sturgeon, both SS1 and SS2 may play hypophysiotropic functions. The PSS2 mRNA but not the PSS1 mRNA was found in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. The present data demonstrate that two somatostatin genes are expressed in the sturgeon brain: one precursor generates somatostatin‐14 and the other one gives rise to a [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 variant, which is orthologous to goldfish, lungfish, and frog SS2. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:332–345, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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DOI: 10.1002/cne.10126
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In Acipenseridae (sturgeons), two isoforms of somatostatin have been characterized to date: somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the pituitary of the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti. In the present study, we report the cloning of two distinct somatostatin cDNAs from the brain of the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. One of the cDNAs encodes a 116‐amino acid protein (PSS1) that contains the SS1 sequence at its C‐terminal extremity and, thus, is clearly orthologous to other vertebrate PSS1. The other cDNA encodes a 111‐amino acid protein that contains the somatostatin variant [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 at its C‐terminal extremity. This second precursor exhibits more than 67% identity with the recently characterized lungfish PSS2 and goldfish PSS2. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PSS1 is expressed in the central nervous system, the pancreas and the gut, whereas PSS2 is found in the central nervous system but not in the digestive system. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the PSS1 and PSS2 genes are differently expressed in numerous regions of the sturgeon brain. Interestingly, PSS1 and PSS2 mRNAs are present in the hypothalamus suggesting that, in sturgeon, both SS1 and SS2 may play hypophysiotropic functions. The PSS2 mRNA but not the PSS1 mRNA was found in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. The present data demonstrate that two somatostatin genes are expressed in the sturgeon brain: one precursor generates somatostatin‐14 and the other one gives rise to a [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 variant, which is orthologous to goldfish, lungfish, and frog SS2. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:332–345, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Michele Trabucchi</name><affiliations><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</json:string><json:string>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hervé Tostivint</name><affiliations><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Isabelle Lihrmann</name><affiliations><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Cristina Sollars</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mauro Vallarino</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Robert M. Dores</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hubert Vaudry</name><affiliations><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</json:string><json:string>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U‐413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ray‐finned fish</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SRIF</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cortistatin</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>evolution</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>central nervous system</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>CNE10126</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The sequence of somatostatin‐14 (SS1) has been strongly preserved throughout the evolution of vertebrates from agnathans to mammals. In Acipenseridae (sturgeons), two isoforms of somatostatin have been characterized to date: somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the pituitary of the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti. In the present study, we report the cloning of two distinct somatostatin cDNAs from the brain of the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. One of the cDNAs encodes a 116‐amino acid protein (PSS1) that contains the SS1 sequence at its C‐terminal extremity and, thus, is clearly orthologous to other vertebrate PSS1. The other cDNA encodes a 111‐amino acid protein that contains the somatostatin variant [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 at its C‐terminal extremity. This second precursor exhibits more than 67% identity with the recently characterized lungfish PSS2 and goldfish PSS2. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PSS1 is expressed in the central nervous system, the pancreas and the gut, whereas PSS2 is found in the central nervous system but not in the digestive system. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the PSS1 and PSS2 genes are differently expressed in numerous regions of the sturgeon brain. Interestingly, PSS1 and PSS2 mRNAs are present in the hypothalamus suggesting that, in sturgeon, both SS1 and SS2 may play hypophysiotropic functions. The PSS2 mRNA but not the PSS1 mRNA was found in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. The present data demonstrate that two somatostatin genes are expressed in the sturgeon brain: one precursor generates somatostatin‐14 and the other one gives rise to a [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 variant, which is orthologous to goldfish, lungfish, and frog SS2. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:332–345, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>596 x 795 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1949</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>6702</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>43193</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>14</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>283</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Polygenic expression of somatostatin in the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus: Molecular cloning and distribution of the mRNAs encoding two somatostatin precursors</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>443</volume><publisherId><json:string>CNE</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>14</total><last>345</last><first>332</first></pages><issn><json:string>0021-9967</json:string></issn><issue>4</issue><subject><json:item><value>Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1096-9861</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of Comparative Neurology</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9861</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>zoology</json:string><json:string>neurosciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>neurology & neurosurgery</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2002</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2002</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/cne.10126</json:string></doi><id>2B4B9D73DE9A34FEE01ED9FB22541906AE9EB076</id><score>0.06404873</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2B4B9D73DE9A34FEE01ED9FB22541906AE9EB076/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2B4B9D73DE9A34FEE01ED9FB22541906AE9EB076/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/2B4B9D73DE9A34FEE01ED9FB22541906AE9EB076/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Polygenic expression of somatostatin in the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus: Molecular cloning and distribution of the mRNAs encoding two somatostatin precursors</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher><pubPlace>New York</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></availability><date>2002</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - No. U‐413;</note><note>MURST (40%)</note><note>Italian Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy/France Bilateral Program) - No. 95.00885.CT04;</note><note>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (INSERM/CNR Exchange Program)</note><note>Conseil Régional de Haute‐Normandie</note><note>National Science Foundation - No. IBN‐9810516;</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Polygenic expression of somatostatin in the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus: Molecular cloning and distribution of the mRNAs encoding two somatostatin precursors</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Michele</forename><surname>Trabucchi</surname></persName><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Hervé</forename><surname>Tostivint</surname></persName><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Isabelle</forename><surname>Lihrmann</surname></persName><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Cristina</forename><surname>Sollars</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Mauro</forename><surname>Vallarino</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Robert M.</forename><surname>Dores</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Hubert</forename><surname>Vaudry</surname></persName><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U‐413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Comparative Neurology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Comp. Neurol.</title><idno type="pISSN">0021-9967</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-9861</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9861</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher><pubPlace>New York</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2002-02-18"></date><biblScope unit="volume">443</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="332">332</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="345">345</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">2B4B9D73DE9A34FEE01ED9FB22541906AE9EB076</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/cne.10126</idno><idno type="ArticleID">CNE10126</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2002</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The sequence of somatostatin‐14 (SS1) has been strongly preserved throughout the evolution of vertebrates from agnathans to mammals. In Acipenseridae (sturgeons), two isoforms of somatostatin have been characterized to date: somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the pituitary of the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti. In the present study, we report the cloning of two distinct somatostatin cDNAs from the brain of the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. One of the cDNAs encodes a 116‐amino acid protein (PSS1) that contains the SS1 sequence at its C‐terminal extremity and, thus, is clearly orthologous to other vertebrate PSS1. The other cDNA encodes a 111‐amino acid protein that contains the somatostatin variant [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 at its C‐terminal extremity. This second precursor exhibits more than 67% identity with the recently characterized lungfish PSS2 and goldfish PSS2. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PSS1 is expressed in the central nervous system, the pancreas and the gut, whereas PSS2 is found in the central nervous system but not in the digestive system. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the PSS1 and PSS2 genes are differently expressed in numerous regions of the sturgeon brain. Interestingly, PSS1 and PSS2 mRNAs are present in the hypothalamus suggesting that, in sturgeon, both SS1 and SS2 may play hypophysiotropic functions. The PSS2 mRNA but not the PSS1 mRNA was found in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. The present data demonstrate that two somatostatin genes are expressed in the sturgeon brain: one precursor generates somatostatin‐14 and the other one gives rise to a [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 variant, which is orthologous to goldfish, lungfish, and frog SS2. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:332–345, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>ray‐finned fish</term></item><item><term>SRIF</term></item><item><term>cortistatin</term></item><item><term>evolution</term></item><item><term>central nervous system</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001-06-25">Received</change><change when="2001-11-06">Registration</change><change when="2002-02-18">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2B4B9D73DE9A34FEE01ED9FB22541906AE9EB076/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisherName><publisherLoc>New York</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9861</doi><issn type="print">0021-9967</issn><issn type="electronic">1096-9861</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="CNE"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Journal of Comparative Neurology</title><title type="short">J. 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Neurol.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="40"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/cne.v443:4</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="443">443</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">4</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2002-02-18">18 February 2002</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="20" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/cne.10126</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="CNE10126"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="14"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2001-06-25"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2001-09-28"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2001-11-06"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2002-01-18"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2002-01-18"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-15"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">332</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">345</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U‐413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" 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affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Isabelle</givenNames><familyName>Lihrmann</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Cristina</givenNames><familyName>Sollars</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Mauro</givenNames><familyName>Vallarino</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Robert M.</givenNames><familyName>Dores</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Hubert</givenNames><familyName>Vaudry</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="hubert.vaudry@univ-rouen.fr">hubert.vaudry@univ‐rouen.fr</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="IT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">ray‐finned fish</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">SRIF</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">cortistatin</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">evolution</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">central nervous system</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>U‐413</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>MURST (40%)</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Italian Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy/France Bilateral Program)</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>95.00885.CT04</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (INSERM/CNR Exchange Program)</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Conseil Régional de Haute‐Normandie</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>National Science Foundation</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>IBN‐9810516</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The sequence of somatostatin‐14 (SS1) has been strongly preserved throughout the evolution of vertebrates from agnathans to mammals. In Acipenseridae (sturgeons), two isoforms of somatostatin have been characterized to date: somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of the pallid sturgeon <i>Scaphirhynchus albus</i> and [Pro<sup>2</sup>]somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the pituitary of the Russian sturgeon <i>Acipenser gueldenstaedti</i>. In the present study, we report the cloning of two distinct somatostatin cDNAs from the brain of the sturgeon <i>Acipenser transmontanus</i>. One of the cDNAs encodes a 116‐amino acid protein (PSS1) that contains the SS1 sequence at its C‐terminal extremity and, thus, is clearly orthologous to other vertebrate PSS1. The other cDNA encodes a 111‐amino acid protein that contains the somatostatin variant [Pro<sup>2</sup>]somatostatin‐14 at its C‐terminal extremity. This second precursor exhibits more than 67% identity with the recently characterized lungfish PSS2 and goldfish PSS2. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PSS1 is expressed in the central nervous system, the pancreas and the gut, whereas PSS2 is found in the central nervous system but not in the digestive system. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the PSS1 and PSS2 genes are differently expressed in numerous regions of the sturgeon brain. Interestingly, PSS1 and PSS2 mRNAs are present in the hypothalamus suggesting that, in sturgeon, both SS1 and SS2 may play hypophysiotropic functions. The PSS2 mRNA but not the PSS1 mRNA was found in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. The present data demonstrate that two somatostatin genes are expressed in the sturgeon brain: one precursor generates somatostatin‐14 and the other one gives rise to a [Pro<sup>2</sup>]somatostatin‐14 variant, which is orthologous to goldfish, lungfish, and frog SS2. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:332–345, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Polygenic expression of somatostatin in the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus: Molecular cloning and distribution of the mRNAs encoding two somatostatin precursors</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Two Somatostatin Variants in Sturgeon</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Polygenic expression of somatostatin in the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus: Molecular cloning and distribution of the mRNAs encoding two somatostatin precursors</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michele</namePart><namePart type="family">Trabucchi</namePart><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hervé</namePart><namePart type="family">Tostivint</namePart><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Isabelle</namePart><namePart type="family">Lihrmann</namePart><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Cristina</namePart><namePart type="family">Sollars</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mauro</namePart><namePart type="family">Vallarino</namePart><affiliation>Department of Experimental Biology, DIBISAA, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dores</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hubert</namePart><namePart type="family">Vaudry</namePart><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U‐413), Unité Affiliée au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UA CNRS), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><affiliation>European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U‐413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont‐Saint‐Aignan, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2002-02-18</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2001-06-25</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2001-11-06</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2002</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">9</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">49</extent><extent unit="words">46734</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The sequence of somatostatin‐14 (SS1) has been strongly preserved throughout the evolution of vertebrates from agnathans to mammals. In Acipenseridae (sturgeons), two isoforms of somatostatin have been characterized to date: somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of the pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 has been identified from the pituitary of the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti. In the present study, we report the cloning of two distinct somatostatin cDNAs from the brain of the sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. One of the cDNAs encodes a 116‐amino acid protein (PSS1) that contains the SS1 sequence at its C‐terminal extremity and, thus, is clearly orthologous to other vertebrate PSS1. The other cDNA encodes a 111‐amino acid protein that contains the somatostatin variant [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 at its C‐terminal extremity. This second precursor exhibits more than 67% identity with the recently characterized lungfish PSS2 and goldfish PSS2. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PSS1 is expressed in the central nervous system, the pancreas and the gut, whereas PSS2 is found in the central nervous system but not in the digestive system. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the PSS1 and PSS2 genes are differently expressed in numerous regions of the sturgeon brain. Interestingly, PSS1 and PSS2 mRNAs are present in the hypothalamus suggesting that, in sturgeon, both SS1 and SS2 may play hypophysiotropic functions. The PSS2 mRNA but not the PSS1 mRNA was found in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. The present data demonstrate that two somatostatin genes are expressed in the sturgeon brain: one precursor generates somatostatin‐14 and the other one gives rise to a [Pro2]somatostatin‐14 variant, which is orthologous to goldfish, lungfish, and frog SS2. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:332–345, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><note type="funding">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - No. U‐413; </note><note type="funding">MURST (40%)</note><note type="funding">Italian Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy/France Bilateral Program) - No. 95.00885.CT04; </note><note type="funding">Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (INSERM/CNR Exchange Program)</note><note type="funding">Conseil Régional de Haute‐Normandie</note><note type="funding">National Science Foundation - No. IBN‐9810516; </note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>ray‐finned fish</topic><topic>SRIF</topic><topic>cortistatin</topic><topic>evolution</topic><topic>central nervous system</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Comparative Neurology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Comp. 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