Topological analysis of the brain stem: A general introduction
Identifieur interne : 001308 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001307; suivant : 001309Topological analysis of the brain stem: A general introduction
Auteurs : Rudolf NieuwenhuysSource :
- Journal of Comparative Neurology [ 0021-9967 ] ; 1974-08-01.
Abstract
This paper introduces a research project within the framework of which the brain stems of twelve representative vertebrates will be analysed according to a new procedure termed topological analysis. The first part reviews the development of the concept that the brain stem essentially consists of a number of longitudinal zones or columns. From this review it appears that, although during the past 80 years a considerable amount of evidence favoring this concept has been accumulated, a number of important questions pertaining to number, delimitation and content of the zones in the brain stem are still awaiting a definitive answer. The second part of this paper is devoted to a detailed description and a critical evaluation of the topological procedure. This procedure, which has been especially designed to facilitate the study of the zonal pattern of the brain stem, essentially involves two steps. First the cell masses are projected back to their site of origin at the ventricular surface, and next the ventricular surface, with its sulci and the projections of the cell masses marked upon it, is flattened out, i.e., is subjected to a one‐to‐one topological transformation. In the third part of this paper the choice of the species which will be studied within the framework of our program is discussed. The species selected are: the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, the shark Squalus acanthias, the actinopterygians Acipenser fulvescens, Lepisosteus osseus and Salmo irideus, the brachiopterygian Polypterus ornatipinnis, the lungfish Lepidosiren paradoxa, the crossopterygian Latimeria chalumnae, the amphibians Ambystoma mexicanum and Rana esculenta, the turtle Testudo hermanni, and the opossum Didelphis virginiana. In the final part the objectives of the project are discussed. Most important among these are: (1) furnishing clear and succinct analyses of the brain stems of representatives of all groups of vertebrates, (2) specification of the fundamental plan of the brain stem, (3) facilitation of the establishment of homologies and simplification of the nomenclature and (4) presentation of a sound basis for experimental hodological work.
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DOI: 10.1002/cne.901560302
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<p>This paper introduces a research project within the framework of which the brain stems of twelve representative vertebrates will be analysed according to a new procedure termed topological analysis. The first part reviews the development of the concept that the brain stem essentially consists of a number of longitudinal zones or columns. From this review it appears that, although during the past 80 years a considerable amount of evidence favoring this concept has been accumulated, a number of important questions pertaining to number, delimitation and content of the zones in the brain stem are still awaiting a definitive answer. The second part of this paper is devoted to a detailed description and a critical evaluation of the topological procedure. This procedure, which has been especially designed to facilitate the study of the zonal pattern of the brain stem, essentially involves two steps. First the cell masses are projected back to their site of origin at the ventricular surface, and next the ventricular surface, with its sulci and the projections of the cell masses marked upon it, is flattened out, <i>i.e</i>
., is subjected to a one‐to‐one topological transformation. In the third part of this paper the choice of the species which will be studied within the framework of our program is discussed. The species selected are: the lamprey <i>Lampetra fluviatilis</i>
, the shark <i>Squalus acanthias</i>
, the actinopterygians <i>Acipenser fulvescens, Lepisosteus osseus</i>
and <i>Salmo irideus</i>
, the brachiopterygian <i>Polypterus ornatipinnis</i>
, the lungfish <i>Lepidosiren paradoxa</i>
, the crossopterygian <i>Latimeria chalumnae</i>
, the amphibians <i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>
and <i>Rana esculenta</i>
, the turtle <i>Testudo hermanni</i>
, and the opossum <i>Didelphis virginiana</i>
. In the final part the objectives of the project are discussed. Most important among these are: (1) furnishing clear and succinct analyses of the brain stems of representatives of all groups of vertebrates, (2) specification of the fundamental plan of the brain stem, (3) facilitation of the establishment of homologies and simplification of the nomenclature and (4) presentation of a sound basis for experimental hodological work.</p>
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<abstract lang="en">This paper introduces a research project within the framework of which the brain stems of twelve representative vertebrates will be analysed according to a new procedure termed topological analysis. The first part reviews the development of the concept that the brain stem essentially consists of a number of longitudinal zones or columns. From this review it appears that, although during the past 80 years a considerable amount of evidence favoring this concept has been accumulated, a number of important questions pertaining to number, delimitation and content of the zones in the brain stem are still awaiting a definitive answer. The second part of this paper is devoted to a detailed description and a critical evaluation of the topological procedure. This procedure, which has been especially designed to facilitate the study of the zonal pattern of the brain stem, essentially involves two steps. First the cell masses are projected back to their site of origin at the ventricular surface, and next the ventricular surface, with its sulci and the projections of the cell masses marked upon it, is flattened out, i.e., is subjected to a one‐to‐one topological transformation. In the third part of this paper the choice of the species which will be studied within the framework of our program is discussed. The species selected are: the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, the shark Squalus acanthias, the actinopterygians Acipenser fulvescens, Lepisosteus osseus and Salmo irideus, the brachiopterygian Polypterus ornatipinnis, the lungfish Lepidosiren paradoxa, the crossopterygian Latimeria chalumnae, the amphibians Ambystoma mexicanum and Rana esculenta, the turtle Testudo hermanni, and the opossum Didelphis virginiana. In the final part the objectives of the project are discussed. Most important among these are: (1) furnishing clear and succinct analyses of the brain stems of representatives of all groups of vertebrates, (2) specification of the fundamental plan of the brain stem, (3) facilitation of the establishment of homologies and simplification of the nomenclature and (4) presentation of a sound basis for experimental hodological work.</abstract>
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