Low levels of Aflatoxin B1 could cause mortalities in juvenile hybrid sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus ♂×A. baeri♀
Identifieur interne : 001211 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001210; suivant : 001212Low levels of Aflatoxin B1 could cause mortalities in juvenile hybrid sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus ♂×A. baeri♀
Auteurs : P. Rajeev Raghavan ; X. Zhu ; W. Lei ; D. Han ; Y. Yang ; S. XieSource :
- Aquaculture Nutrition [ 1353-5773 ] ; 2011-04.
English descriptors
Abstract
Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated in juvenile hybrid sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀, an important coldwater finfish farmed in China and other countries. Seven experimental diets (Diet A–G) containing different levels of AFB1 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg−1 diet) were fed to juvenile sturgeon weighing 10.53 ± 0.17 g kg−1 to determine its effect on survival, growth, feed consumption, hematocrit, liver histology as well as muscular and hepatic toxin accumulation. The experiment lasted for 35 days and was conducted in two periods of 25 and 10 days each. No external changes or unusual behaviour was observed in the fish fed diets with AFB1. Mortality was observed in fish fed with highest levels of AFB1 (80 μg kg−1– Diet G) from day 12 onwards. After 25 days, fish fed the diet of 80 μg AFB1 kg−1 showed significant lower survival (50 ± 5.77%) followed by those fed 40 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (80 ± 5.77%) and 20 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (86.66 ± 3.33%). No significant difference was observed in specific growth rate (SGR) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between groups. Hematocrit was significantly higher in the fish fed the diet of highest AFB1. The fish were weighed at day 25 in some treatments (Diets F and G) because of high mortality. However, feeding was continued for another 10 days to observe mortality or behavioural changes if any in the other groups. After 35 days, survival in the fish fed Diet F (40 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 40% and those fed Diet E (20 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 36.2%. Significant histopathological changes including nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromasia, extensive biliary hyperplasia, focal hepatocyte necrosis and presence of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver of fish fed high levels of aflatoxin (40 and 80 μg kg−1). AFB1 accumulation in fish muscle and liver increased with increased dietary AFB1 levels. It could be confirmed that 10 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet was the maximum allowable level in hybrid sturgeon diet.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00725.x
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Zhu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lei, W" sort="Lei, W" uniqKey="Lei W" first="W." last="Lei">W. Lei</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, D" sort="Han, D" uniqKey="Han D" first="D." last="Han">D. Han</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" sort="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Y." last="Yang">Y. Yang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, S" sort="Xie, S" uniqKey="Xie S" first="S." last="Xie">S. Xie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Aquaculture Divisions, E‐Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:F5983EF9D7CC44C471B5B56D56DA115506D42382</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00725.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/F5983EF9D7CC44C471B5B56D56DA115506D42382/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001211</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001211</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Low levels of Aflatoxin B1 could cause mortalities in juvenile hybrid sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus ♂×A. baeri♀</title><author><name sortKey="Rajeev Raghavan, P" sort="Rajeev Raghavan, P" uniqKey="Rajeev Raghavan P" first="P." last="Rajeev Raghavan">P. Rajeev Raghavan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, X" sort="Zhu, X" uniqKey="Zhu X" first="X." last="Zhu">X. Zhu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lei, W" sort="Lei, W" uniqKey="Lei W" first="W." last="Lei">W. Lei</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, D" sort="Han, D" uniqKey="Han D" first="D." last="Han">D. Han</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" sort="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Y." last="Yang">Y. Yang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, S" sort="Xie, S" uniqKey="Xie S" first="S." last="Xie">S. Xie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Aquaculture Divisions, E‐Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, PR China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Aquaculture Nutrition</title><idno type="ISSN">1353-5773</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2095</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-04">2011-04</date><biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="39">e39</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="47">e47</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1353-5773</idno></series><idno type="istex">F5983EF9D7CC44C471B5B56D56DA115506D42382</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00725.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ANU725</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1353-5773</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀</term><term>Aflatoxin B1</term><term>bioaccumulation</term><term>low level</term><term>mortality</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated in juvenile hybrid sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀, an important coldwater finfish farmed in China and other countries. Seven experimental diets (Diet A–G) containing different levels of AFB1 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg−1 diet) were fed to juvenile sturgeon weighing 10.53 ± 0.17 g kg−1 to determine its effect on survival, growth, feed consumption, hematocrit, liver histology as well as muscular and hepatic toxin accumulation. The experiment lasted for 35 days and was conducted in two periods of 25 and 10 days each. No external changes or unusual behaviour was observed in the fish fed diets with AFB1. Mortality was observed in fish fed with highest levels of AFB1 (80 μg kg−1– Diet G) from day 12 onwards. After 25 days, fish fed the diet of 80 μg AFB1 kg−1 showed significant lower survival (50 ± 5.77%) followed by those fed 40 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (80 ± 5.77%) and 20 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (86.66 ± 3.33%). No significant difference was observed in specific growth rate (SGR) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between groups. Hematocrit was significantly higher in the fish fed the diet of highest AFB1. The fish were weighed at day 25 in some treatments (Diets F and G) because of high mortality. However, feeding was continued for another 10 days to observe mortality or behavioural changes if any in the other groups. After 35 days, survival in the fish fed Diet F (40 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 40% and those fed Diet E (20 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 36.2%. Significant histopathological changes including nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromasia, extensive biliary hyperplasia, focal hepatocyte necrosis and presence of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver of fish fed high levels of aflatoxin (40 and 80 μg kg−1). AFB1 accumulation in fish muscle and liver increased with increased dietary AFB1 levels. It could be confirmed that 10 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet was the maximum allowable level in hybrid sturgeon diet.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>P. RAJEEV RAGHAVAN</name><affiliations><json:string>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</json:string><json:string>Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>X. ZHU</name><affiliations><json:string>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>W. LEI</name><affiliations><json:string>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. HAN</name><affiliations><json:string>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y. YANG</name><affiliations><json:string>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. XIE</name><affiliations><json:string>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</json:string><json:string>Aquaculture Divisions, E‐Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, PR China</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Aflatoxin B1</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>bioaccumulation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>low level</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mortality</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ANU725</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated in juvenile hybrid sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀, an important coldwater finfish farmed in China and other countries. Seven experimental diets (Diet A–G) containing different levels of AFB1 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg−1 diet) were fed to juvenile sturgeon weighing 10.53 ± 0.17 g kg−1 to determine its effect on survival, growth, feed consumption, hematocrit, liver histology as well as muscular and hepatic toxin accumulation. The experiment lasted for 35 days and was conducted in two periods of 25 and 10 days each. No external changes or unusual behaviour was observed in the fish fed diets with AFB1. Mortality was observed in fish fed with highest levels of AFB1 (80 μg kg−1– Diet G) from day 12 onwards. After 25 days, fish fed the diet of 80 μg AFB1 kg−1 showed significant lower survival (50 ± 5.77%) followed by those fed 40 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (80 ± 5.77%) and 20 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (86.66 ± 3.33%). No significant difference was observed in specific growth rate (SGR) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between groups. Hematocrit was significantly higher in the fish fed the diet of highest AFB1. The fish were weighed at day 25 in some treatments (Diets F and G) because of high mortality. However, feeding was continued for another 10 days to observe mortality or behavioural changes if any in the other groups. After 35 days, survival in the fish fed Diet F (40 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 40% and those fed Diet E (20 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 36.2%. Significant histopathological changes including nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromasia, extensive biliary hyperplasia, focal hepatocyte necrosis and presence of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver of fish fed high levels of aflatoxin (40 and 80 μg kg−1). AFB1 accumulation in fish muscle and liver increased with increased dietary AFB1 levels. 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Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">W.</forename><surname>LEI</surname></persName><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>HAN</surname></persName><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Y.</forename><surname>YANG</surname></persName><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>XIE</surname></persName><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation><affiliation> Aquaculture Divisions, E‐Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, PR China</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Aquaculture Nutrition</title><idno type="pISSN">1353-5773</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2095</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2095</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-04"></date><biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="39">e39</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="47">e47</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">F5983EF9D7CC44C471B5B56D56DA115506D42382</idno><idno 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Seven experimental diets (Diet A–G) containing different levels of AFB1 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg−1 diet) were fed to juvenile sturgeon weighing 10.53 ± 0.17 g kg−1 to determine its effect on survival, growth, feed consumption, hematocrit, liver histology as well as muscular and hepatic toxin accumulation. The experiment lasted for 35 days and was conducted in two periods of 25 and 10 days each. No external changes or unusual behaviour was observed in the fish fed diets with AFB1. Mortality was observed in fish fed with highest levels of AFB1 (80 μg kg−1– Diet G) from day 12 onwards. After 25 days, fish fed the diet of 80 μg AFB1 kg−1 showed significant lower survival (50 ± 5.77%) followed by those fed 40 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (80 ± 5.77%) and 20 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (86.66 ± 3.33%). No significant difference was observed in specific growth rate (SGR) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between groups. Hematocrit was significantly higher in the fish fed the diet of highest AFB1. The fish were weighed at day 25 in some treatments (Diets F and G) because of high mortality. However, feeding was continued for another 10 days to observe mortality or behavioural changes if any in the other groups. After 35 days, survival in the fish fed Diet F (40 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 40% and those fed Diet E (20 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 36.2%. Significant histopathological changes including nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromasia, extensive biliary hyperplasia, focal hepatocyte necrosis and presence of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver of fish fed high levels of aflatoxin (40 and 80 μg kg−1). AFB1 accumulation in fish muscle and liver increased with increased dietary AFB1 levels. It could be confirmed that 10 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet was the maximum allowable level in hybrid sturgeon diet.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀</term></item><item><term>Aflatoxin B1</term></item><item><term>bioaccumulation</term></item><item><term>low level</term></item><item><term>mortality</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-04">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F5983EF9D7CC44C471B5B56D56DA115506D42382/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2095</doi><issn type="print">1353-5773</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-2095</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ANU"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="AQUACULTURE NUTRITION">Aquaculture Nutrition</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="04102"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/anu.2011.17.issue-2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="17">17</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="2">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-04">April 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="16" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00725.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ANU725"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="9"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original articles</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-03-10"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAcceptedOrEarlyUnpaginated" date="2009-12-30"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.4.7 mode:FullText" date="2011-03-10"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2011-03-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-15"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">e39</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">e47</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><i>S. Xie, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China.</i> E‐mail: <email>sqxie@ihb.ac.cn</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ANU.ANU725.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 14 March 2009, accepted 3 August 2009</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="3"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Low levels of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> could cause mortalities in juvenile hybrid sturgeon, <i>Acipenser ruthenus ♂</i>×<i>A. baeri</i>♀</title><title type="shortAuthors">P. Rajeev Raghavan <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Low levels of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub></title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2"><personName><givenNames>P.</givenNames><familyName>RAJEEV RAGHAVAN</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>X.</givenNames><familyName>ZHU</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>W.</givenNames><familyName>LEI</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>D.</givenNames><familyName>HAN</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Y.</givenNames><familyName>YANG</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a1 #a3"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>XIE</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="CN"><unparsedAffiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2"><unparsedAffiliation> Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="CN"><unparsedAffiliation> Aquaculture Divisions, E‐Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, PR China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1"><i>Acipenser ruthenus ♂ </i>× <i>A. baeri</i>♀</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub></keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">bioaccumulation</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">low level</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">mortality</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Toxicity of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) was investigated in juvenile hybrid sturgeon <i>Acipenser ruthenus ♂ </i>× <i>A. baeri</i>♀, an important coldwater finfish farmed in China and other countries. Seven experimental diets (Diet A–G) containing different levels of AFB<sub>1</sub> (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> diet) were fed to juvenile sturgeon weighing 10.53 ± 0.17 g kg<sup>−1</sup> to determine its effect on survival, growth, feed consumption, hematocrit, liver histology as well as muscular and hepatic toxin accumulation. The experiment lasted for 35 days and was conducted in two periods of 25 and 10 days each. No external changes or unusual behaviour was observed in the fish fed diets with AFB<sub>1</sub>. Mortality was observed in fish fed with highest levels of AFB<sub>1</sub> (80 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>– Diet G) from day 12 onwards. After 25 days, fish fed the diet of 80 μg AFB<sub>1</sub> kg<sup>−1</sup> showed significant lower survival (50 ± 5.77%) followed by those fed 40 μg AFB<sub>1</sub> kg<sup>−1</sup> diet (80 ± 5.77%) and 20 μg AFB<sub>1</sub> kg<sup>−1</sup> diet (86.66 ± 3.33%). No significant difference was observed in specific growth rate (SGR) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between groups. Hematocrit was significantly higher in the fish fed the diet of highest AFB<sub>1</sub>. The fish were weighed at day 25 in some treatments (Diets F and G) because of high mortality. However, feeding was continued for another 10 days to observe mortality or behavioural changes if any in the other groups. After 35 days, survival in the fish fed Diet F (40 μg AFB<sub>1</sub> kg<sup>−1</sup>) was 40% and those fed Diet E (20 μg AFB<sub>1</sub> kg<sup>−1</sup>) was 36.2%. Significant histopathological changes including nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromasia, extensive biliary hyperplasia, focal hepatocyte necrosis and presence of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver of fish fed high levels of aflatoxin (40 and 80 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>). AFB<sub>1</sub> accumulation in fish muscle and liver increased with increased dietary AFB<sub>1</sub> levels. It could be confirmed that 10 μg AFB<sub>1</sub> kg<sup>−1</sup> diet was the maximum allowable level in hybrid sturgeon diet.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Low levels of Aflatoxin B1 could cause mortalities in juvenile hybrid sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus ♂×A. baeri♀</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Low levels of Aflatoxin B1</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Low levels of Aflatoxin B1 could cause mortalities in juvenile hybrid sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus ♂×A. baeri♀</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">RAJEEV RAGHAVAN</namePart><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation><affiliation> Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X.</namePart><namePart type="family">ZHU</namePart><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">LEI</namePart><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">HAN</namePart><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">YANG</namePart><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">XIE</namePart><affiliation> State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China</affiliation><affiliation> Aquaculture Divisions, E‐Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, PR China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-04</dateIssued><edition>Received 14 March 2009, accepted 3 August 2009</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated in juvenile hybrid sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀, an important coldwater finfish farmed in China and other countries. Seven experimental diets (Diet A–G) containing different levels of AFB1 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg−1 diet) were fed to juvenile sturgeon weighing 10.53 ± 0.17 g kg−1 to determine its effect on survival, growth, feed consumption, hematocrit, liver histology as well as muscular and hepatic toxin accumulation. The experiment lasted for 35 days and was conducted in two periods of 25 and 10 days each. No external changes or unusual behaviour was observed in the fish fed diets with AFB1. Mortality was observed in fish fed with highest levels of AFB1 (80 μg kg−1– Diet G) from day 12 onwards. After 25 days, fish fed the diet of 80 μg AFB1 kg−1 showed significant lower survival (50 ± 5.77%) followed by those fed 40 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (80 ± 5.77%) and 20 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet (86.66 ± 3.33%). No significant difference was observed in specific growth rate (SGR) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between groups. Hematocrit was significantly higher in the fish fed the diet of highest AFB1. The fish were weighed at day 25 in some treatments (Diets F and G) because of high mortality. However, feeding was continued for another 10 days to observe mortality or behavioural changes if any in the other groups. After 35 days, survival in the fish fed Diet F (40 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 40% and those fed Diet E (20 μg AFB1 kg−1) was 36.2%. Significant histopathological changes including nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromasia, extensive biliary hyperplasia, focal hepatocyte necrosis and presence of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver of fish fed high levels of aflatoxin (40 and 80 μg kg−1). AFB1 accumulation in fish muscle and liver increased with increased dietary AFB1 levels. It could be confirmed that 10 μg AFB1 kg−1 diet was the maximum allowable level in hybrid sturgeon diet.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀</topic><topic>Aflatoxin B1</topic><topic>bioaccumulation</topic><topic>low level</topic><topic>mortality</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Aquaculture Nutrition</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1353-5773</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2095</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2095</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ANU</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>e39</start><end>e47</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">F5983EF9D7CC44C471B5B56D56DA115506D42382</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00725.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ANU725</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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