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Use of Xenopus laevis as a model for investigating in vitro and in vivo endocrine disruption in amphibians

Identifieur interne : 001113 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001112; suivant : 001114

Use of Xenopus laevis as a model for investigating in vitro and in vivo endocrine disruption in amphibians

Auteurs : Yue-Wern Huang ; Jason B. Matthews ; Kirsten C. Fertuck ; Tim R. Zacharewski

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:E72BEA543E7E3860CB52A5D2B9E47E5E5F696CF2

English descriptors

Abstract

The estrogenic activity of 17β‐estradiol (E2), α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEA), genistein (GEN), and 4‐t‐octylphenol (4‐t‐OP) was investigated using Xenopus laevis‐based assays. All test compounds competed with [3H]E2 for binding to a recombinant Xenopus estrogen receptor (xER) with the following relative affinities: E2 > α‐ZEA > 4‐t‐OP > GEN. The ability of these compounds to induce xER‐mediated reporter gene expression was then assessed in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells cotransfected with a Gal4‐xERdef chimeric estrogen receptor and a Gal4‐regulated luciferase reporter gene. Luciferase activity was increased 30‐ to 50‐fold by 10 nM E2 relative to that in solvent control. Maximal reporter gene activity induced by 10 nM α‐ZEA was 54% of that induced by E2; however, the activity did not increase following doses of up to 10 μM. A dose of 1 μM 4‐t‐OP induced 23% of the maximal reporter gene activity induced by E2, whereas 10 μM GEN induced activity to the same level as E2. A dose‐dependent increase in vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression was observed in Xenopus treated intraperitoneally with E2 at 0.05 to 5 mg/kg/d for three consecutive days, with the maximal induction observed in the group receiving 1 mg/kg/d. The α‐ZEA, GEN, and 4‐t‐OP also significantly induced VTG mRNA expression, although at higher doses. These results demonstrate the utility of X laevis as an amphibian model to assess the estrogenic activity of endocrine disruptors.

Url:
DOI: 10.1897/04-378R1.1

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ISTEX:E72BEA543E7E3860CB52A5D2B9E47E5E5F696CF2

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<correspondenceTo>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</correspondenceTo>
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<title type="main" xml:lang="en">Use of
<i>Xenopus laevis</i>
as a model for investigating in vitro and in vivo endocrine disruption in amphibians</title>
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as a model for studying endocrine disruption</title>
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<p>The estrogenic activity of 17β‐estradiol (E
<sub>2</sub>
), α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEA), genistein (GEN), and 4‐
<i>t</i>
‐octylphenol (4‐
<i>t</i>
‐OP) was investigated using
<i>Xenopus laevis</i>
‐based assays. All test compounds competed with [
<sup>3</sup>
H]E
<sub>2</sub>
for binding to a recombinant
<i>Xenopus</i>
estrogen receptor (xER) with the following relative affinities: E
<sub>2</sub>
> α‐ZEA > 4‐
<i>t</i>
‐OP > GEN. The ability of these compounds to induce xER‐mediated reporter gene expression was then assessed in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells cotransfected with a Gal4‐xERdef chimeric estrogen receptor and a Gal4‐regulated luciferase reporter gene. Luciferase activity was increased 30‐ to 50‐fold by 10 nM E
<sub>2</sub>
relative to that in solvent control. Maximal reporter gene activity induced by 10 nM α‐ZEA was 54% of that induced by E
<sub>2</sub>
; however, the activity did not increase following doses of up to 10 μM. A dose of 1 μM 4‐
<i>t</i>
‐OP induced 23% of the maximal reporter gene activity induced by E
<sub>2</sub>
, whereas 10 μM GEN induced activity to the same level as E
<sub>2</sub>
. A dose‐dependent increase in vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression was observed in
<i>Xenopus</i>
treated intraperitoneally with E
<sub>2</sub>
at 0.05 to 5 mg/kg/d for three consecutive days, with the maximal induction observed in the group receiving 1 mg/kg/d. The α‐ZEA, GEN, and 4‐
<i>t</i>
‐OP also significantly induced VTG mRNA expression, although at higher doses. These results demonstrate the utility of X
<i>laevis</i>
as an amphibian model to assess the estrogenic activity of endocrine disruptors.</p>
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<abstract lang="en">The estrogenic activity of 17β‐estradiol (E2), α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEA), genistein (GEN), and 4‐t‐octylphenol (4‐t‐OP) was investigated using Xenopus laevis‐based assays. All test compounds competed with [3H]E2 for binding to a recombinant Xenopus estrogen receptor (xER) with the following relative affinities: E2 > α‐ZEA > 4‐t‐OP > GEN. The ability of these compounds to induce xER‐mediated reporter gene expression was then assessed in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells cotransfected with a Gal4‐xERdef chimeric estrogen receptor and a Gal4‐regulated luciferase reporter gene. Luciferase activity was increased 30‐ to 50‐fold by 10 nM E2 relative to that in solvent control. Maximal reporter gene activity induced by 10 nM α‐ZEA was 54% of that induced by E2; however, the activity did not increase following doses of up to 10 μM. A dose of 1 μM 4‐t‐OP induced 23% of the maximal reporter gene activity induced by E2, whereas 10 μM GEN induced activity to the same level as E2. A dose‐dependent increase in vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression was observed in Xenopus treated intraperitoneally with E2 at 0.05 to 5 mg/kg/d for three consecutive days, with the maximal induction observed in the group receiving 1 mg/kg/d. The α‐ZEA, GEN, and 4‐t‐OP also significantly induced VTG mRNA expression, although at higher doses. These results demonstrate the utility of X laevis as an amphibian model to assess the estrogenic activity of endocrine disruptors.</abstract>
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<identifier type="ISSN">0730-7268</identifier>
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