Markov‐type Evolution of Materials into a Polar State
Identifieur interne : 000C60 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000C59; suivant : 000C61Markov‐type Evolution of Materials into a Polar State
Auteurs : Jürg HulligerSource :
- Chemistry – A European Journal [ 0947-6539 ] ; 2002-10-18.
English descriptors
Abstract
Assembling polar building blocks into a solid material by a Markov‐chain process of unidirectional growth principally results in a metastable state that shows effects of macroscopic polarity. Stochastic polarity formation can be described by probabilities for the attachment of building blocks to a surface. Because of the polar symmetry of the building blocks, there is a fundamental difference in the probabilities for attaching them “tip‐first” or “back‐first” to growth sites at a surface. A difference in the corresponding probabilities drives the evolution of a vectorial property through a gain in configurational entropy. Examples from the mechanical, the crystalline and the biological world demonstrate growth‐induced macroscopic polarity. In crystals, growth upon centrosymmetric seeds can produce twinned crystals with a “sectorwise” pyroelectric effect. Polarity formation in connective tissues is explained by a Markov‐chain mechanism, which drives the self‐assembly of collagen fibril segments. An unified stochastic growth model brings up a general concept for the formation of materials with polar properties.
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DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20021018)8:20<4578::AID-CHEM4578>3.0.CO;2-S
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Stochastic polarity formation can be described by probabilities for the attachment of building blocks to a surface. Because of the polar symmetry of the building blocks, there is a fundamental difference in the probabilities for attaching them “tip‐first” or “back‐first” to growth sites at a surface. A difference in the corresponding probabilities drives the evolution of a vectorial property through a gain in configurational entropy. Examples from the mechanical, the crystalline and the biological world demonstrate growth‐induced macroscopic polarity. In crystals, growth upon centrosymmetric seeds can produce twinned crystals with a “sectorwise” pyroelectric effect. Polarity formation in connective tissues is explained by a Markov‐chain mechanism, which drives the self‐assembly of collagen fibril segments. An unified stochastic growth model brings up a general concept for the formation of materials with polar properties.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Jürg Hulliger Prof. Dr.</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Berne Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne (Switzerland) Fax: (+41) 31‐631‐3993</json:string><json:string>E-mail: juerg.hulliger@iac.unibe.ch</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>connective tissues</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>crystal growth</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Markov chain</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>polar properties</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>self‐assembly</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>CHEM4578</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Assembling polar building blocks into a solid material by a Markov‐chain process of unidirectional growth principally results in a metastable state that shows effects of macroscopic polarity. 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Stochastic polarity formation can be described by probabilities for the attachment of building blocks to a surface. Because of the polar symmetry of the building blocks, there is a fundamental difference in the probabilities for attaching them “tip‐first” or “back‐first” to growth sites at a surface. A difference in the corresponding probabilities drives the evolution of a vectorial property through a gain in configurational entropy. Examples from the mechanical, the crystalline and the biological world demonstrate growth‐induced macroscopic polarity. In crystals, growth upon centrosymmetric seeds can produce twinned crystals with a “sectorwise” pyroelectric effect. Polarity formation in connective tissues is explained by a Markov‐chain mechanism, which drives the self‐assembly of collagen fibril segments. An unified stochastic growth model brings up a general concept for the formation of materials with polar properties.</p></abstract><abstract><p>A general principle of growth is presented that explains polarity formation in heaps of mechanical objects, molecular crystals and connective tissues by a Markov chain mechanism which drives the attachment of polar building blocks (see scheme). 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Stochastic polarity formation can be described by probabilities for the attachment of building blocks to a surface. Because of the polar symmetry of the building blocks, there is a fundamental difference in the probabilities for attaching them “tip‐first” or “back‐first” to growth sites at a surface. A difference in the corresponding probabilities drives the evolution of a vectorial property through a gain in configurational entropy. Examples from the mechanical, the crystalline and the biological world demonstrate growth‐induced macroscopic polarity. In crystals, growth upon centrosymmetric seeds can produce twinned crystals with a “sectorwise” pyroelectric effect. Polarity formation in connective tissues is explained by a Markov‐chain mechanism, which drives the self‐assembly of collagen fibril segments. An unified stochastic growth model brings up a general concept for the formation of materials with polar properties. </p></abstract><abstract type="graphical" xml:lang="en"><p><b>A general principle of growth</b> is presented that explains polarity formation in heaps of mechanical objects, molecular crystals and connective tissues by a Markov chain mechanism which drives the attachment of polar building blocks (see scheme). 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Stochastic polarity formation can be described by probabilities for the attachment of building blocks to a surface. Because of the polar symmetry of the building blocks, there is a fundamental difference in the probabilities for attaching them “tip‐first” or “back‐first” to growth sites at a surface. A difference in the corresponding probabilities drives the evolution of a vectorial property through a gain in configurational entropy. Examples from the mechanical, the crystalline and the biological world demonstrate growth‐induced macroscopic polarity. In crystals, growth upon centrosymmetric seeds can produce twinned crystals with a “sectorwise” pyroelectric effect. Polarity formation in connective tissues is explained by a Markov‐chain mechanism, which drives the self‐assembly of collagen fibril segments. An unified stochastic growth model brings up a general concept for the formation of materials with polar properties.</abstract><abstract>A general principle of growth is presented that explains polarity formation in heaps of mechanical objects, molecular crystals and connective tissues by a Markov chain mechanism which drives the attachment of polar building blocks (see scheme). Polar dielectric properties of connective tissues have been known for more than 35 years; however, the mechanistic origin for pyroelectricity remained unexplained until now.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>connective tissues</topic><topic>crystal growth</topic><topic>Markov chain</topic><topic>polar properties</topic><topic>self‐assembly</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chemistry – A European Journal</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Chemistry – A European Journal</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Concept</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0947-6539</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1521-3765</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1521-3765</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CHEM</identifier><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4578</start><end>4586</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">0300C5FE235795986FD18BEBB034D4001FBAD9D9</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/1521-3765(20021018)8:20<4578::AID-CHEM4578>3.0.CO;2-S</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">CHEM4578</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2002 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 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