Late snowmelt delays plant development and results in lower reproductive success in the High Arctic.
Identifieur interne : 001573 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 001572; suivant : 001574Late snowmelt delays plant development and results in lower reproductive success in the High Arctic.
Auteurs : Elisabeth J. Cooper [Norvège] ; Stefan Dullinger ; Philipp SemenchukSource :
- Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology [ 1873-2259 ] ; 2011.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- métabolisme : Plantes.
- physiologie : Reproduction.
- Acclimatation, Neige, Régions arctiques.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Arctic Regions.
- metabolism : Plants.
- physiology : Reproduction.
- Acclimatization, Snow.
Abstract
In tundra areas where the growing season is short, any delay in the start of summer may have a considerable effect on plant development, growth and reproductive success. Climate models suggest long-term changes in winter precipitation in the Arctic, which may lead to deeper snow cover and a resultant delay in date of snow melt. In this paper, we investigated the role of snow depth and melt out date on the phenological development and reproductive success of vascular plants in Adventdalen, Svalbard (78° 10'N, 16° 06'E). Effects of natural variations in snow accumulation were demonstrated using two vegetation types (snow depth: meadow 21 cm, heath 32 cm), and fences were used to experimentally increase snow depth by over 1m. Phenological delay was greatest directly after snowmelt in the earlier phenological phases, and had the largest effect on the early development of those species which normally green-up early (i.e. Dryas, Papaver, Salix, Saxifraga). Compressed growing seasons and length of the reproductive period led to a reduced reproductive success in some of the study species. There were fewer flowers, fewer plots with dispersing seeds, and lower germination rates. This can have consequences for plant establishment and community composition in the long-term.
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.09.005
PubMed: 21421357
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Climate models suggest long-term changes in winter precipitation in the Arctic, which may lead to deeper snow cover and a resultant delay in date of snow melt. In this paper, we investigated the role of snow depth and melt out date on the phenological development and reproductive success of vascular plants in Adventdalen, Svalbard (78° 10'N, 16° 06'E). Effects of natural variations in snow accumulation were demonstrated using two vegetation types (snow depth: meadow 21 cm, heath 32 cm), and fences were used to experimentally increase snow depth by over 1m. Phenological delay was greatest directly after snowmelt in the earlier phenological phases, and had the largest effect on the early development of those species which normally green-up early (i.e. Dryas, Papaver, Salix, Saxifraga). Compressed growing seasons and length of the reproductive period led to a reduced reproductive success in some of the study species. There were fewer flowers, fewer plots with dispersing seeds, and lower germination rates. This can have consequences for plant establishment and community composition in the long-term.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">21421357</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2011</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>05</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-2259</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>180</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2011</Year><Month>Jan</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Plant Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Late snowmelt delays plant development and results in lower reproductive success in the High Arctic.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>157-67</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.09.005</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>In tundra areas where the growing season is short, any delay in the start of summer may have a considerable effect on plant development, growth and reproductive success. Climate models suggest long-term changes in winter precipitation in the Arctic, which may lead to deeper snow cover and a resultant delay in date of snow melt. In this paper, we investigated the role of snow depth and melt out date on the phenological development and reproductive success of vascular plants in Adventdalen, Svalbard (78° 10'N, 16° 06'E). Effects of natural variations in snow accumulation were demonstrated using two vegetation types (snow depth: meadow 21 cm, heath 32 cm), and fences were used to experimentally increase snow depth by over 1m. Phenological delay was greatest directly after snowmelt in the earlier phenological phases, and had the largest effect on the early development of those species which normally green-up early (i.e. Dryas, Papaver, Salix, Saxifraga). Compressed growing seasons and length of the reproductive period led to a reduced reproductive success in some of the study species. There were fewer flowers, fewer plots with dispersing seeds, and lower germination rates. This can have consequences for plant establishment and community composition in the long-term.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cooper</LastName><ForeName>Elisabeth J</ForeName><Initials>EJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. Elisabeth.cooper@uit.no</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dullinger</LastName><ForeName>Stefan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Semenchuk</LastName><ForeName>Philipp</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2010</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>25</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Ireland</Country><MedlineTA>Plant Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9882015</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0168-9452</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000064" MajorTopicYN="N">Acclimatization</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001110" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Arctic Regions</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010944" MajorTopicYN="N">Plants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012098" MajorTopicYN="N">Reproduction</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012914" MajorTopicYN="Y">Snow</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2010</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2010</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2010</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2011</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2011</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2011</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21421357</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0168-9452(10)00261-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.09.005</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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