Cyanide removal by Chinese vegetation--quantification of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
Identifieur interne : 001C55 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001C54; suivant : 001C56Cyanide removal by Chinese vegetation--quantification of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
Auteurs : Xiaozhang Yu ; Puhua Zhou ; Xishi Zhou ; Yunda LiuSource :
- Environmental science and pollution research international [ 0944-1344 ] ; 2005.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Potassium Cyanide, Soil Pollutants.
- geographic : China.
- metabolism : Plant Leaves, Plants.
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Humans, Models, Biological, Regression Analysis.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Little is known about metabolism rates of environmental chemicals by vegetation. A good model compound to study the variation of rates among plant species is cyanide. Vascular plants possess an enzyme system that detoxifies cyanide by converting it to the amino acid asparagine. Knowledge of the kinetic parameters, the half-saturation constant (Km) and the maximum metabolic capacity (vmax), is very useful for enzyme characterization and biochemical purposes. The goal of this study is to find the enzyme kinetics (K(M) and vmax) during cyanide metabolism in the presence of Chinese vegetation, to provide quantitative data for engineered phytoremediation, and to investigate the variation of metabolic rates of plants.
METHODS
Detached leaves (1.0 g fresh weight) from 12 species out of 9 families were kept in glass vessels with 100 mL of aqueous solution spiked with potassium cyanide at 23 degrees C for 28 h. Four different treatment concentrations of cyanide were used, ranging from 0.44 to 7.69 mg CN/L. The disappearance of cyanide from the aqueous solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically. Realistic values of the half-saturation constant (KM) and the maximum metabolic capacity (vmax) were estimated by a computer program using non-linear regression treatments. As a comparison, Lineweaver-Burk plots were also used to estimate the kinetic parameters.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The values obtained for K(M) and vmax varied with plant species. Using non-linear regression treatments, values of vmax and K(M) were found in a range between 6.68 and 21.91 mg CN/kg/h and 0.90 to 3.15 mg CN/L, respectively. The highest vmax was by Chinese elder (Sambucus chinensis), followed by upright hedge-parsley (Torilis japonica). The lowest Vmax was demonstrated by the hybrid willow (Salix matssudana x alba). However, the highest K(M) was found in the water lily (Nymphea teragona), followed by the poplar (Populus deltoides Marsh). The lowest K(M) was demonstrated by corn (Zea mays L.). The values of vmax were normally distributed with a mean of 13 mg CN/kg/h.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant removal of cyanide from aqueous solution was observed in the presence of plant materials without phytotoxicity, even at high doses of cyanide. This gives rise to the conclusion that the Chinese plant species used in this study are all able to efficiently metabolize cyanide, although with different maximum metabolic capacities. A second conclusion is that the variation of metabolism rates between species is small. All these plants had a similar K(M), indicating the same enzyme is active in all plants.
RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK
Detoxification of cyanide with trees seems to be a feasible option for cleaning soils and water contaminated with cyanide. For phytoremediation projects, screening appropriate plant species adapted to local conditions should be seriously considered. More chemicals should be investigated to find common principles of the metabolism of environmental chemicals by plants.
DOI: 10.1065/espr2005.05.261
PubMed: 16137157
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pubmed:16137157Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cyanide removal by Chinese vegetation--quantification of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Xiaozhang" sort="Yu, Xiaozhang" uniqKey="Yu X" first="Xiaozhang" last="Yu">Xiaozhang Yu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, PR China. yuxiaozhang@hotmail.com</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Puhua" sort="Zhou, Puhua" uniqKey="Zhou P" first="Puhua" last="Zhou">Puhua Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Xishi" sort="Zhou, Xishi" uniqKey="Zhou X" first="Xishi" last="Zhou">Xishi Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Yunda" sort="Liu, Yunda" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yunda" last="Liu">Yunda Liu</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Cyanide removal by Chinese vegetation--quantification of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Xiaozhang" sort="Yu, Xiaozhang" uniqKey="Yu X" first="Xiaozhang" last="Yu">Xiaozhang Yu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128 Hunan, PR China. yuxiaozhang@hotmail.com</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Puhua" sort="Zhou, Puhua" uniqKey="Zhou P" first="Puhua" last="Zhou">Puhua Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Xishi" sort="Zhou, Xishi" uniqKey="Zhou X" first="Xishi" last="Zhou">Xishi Zhou</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Liu, Yunda" sort="Liu, Yunda" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yunda" last="Liu">Yunda Liu</name>
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<series><title level="j">Environmental science and pollution research international</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0944-1344</idno>
<imprint><date when="2005" type="published">2005</date>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biodegradation, Environmental (MeSH)</term>
<term>China (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Models, Biological (MeSH)</term>
<term>Plant Leaves (metabolism)</term>
<term>Plants (metabolism)</term>
<term>Potassium Cyanide (metabolism)</term>
<term>Regression Analysis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Soil Pollutants (metabolism)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Potassium Cyanide</term>
<term>Soil Pollutants</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Leaves</term>
<term>Plants</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Biodegradation, Environmental</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Models, Biological</term>
<term>Regression Analysis</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>Little is known about metabolism rates of environmental chemicals by vegetation. A good model compound to study the variation of rates among plant species is cyanide. Vascular plants possess an enzyme system that detoxifies cyanide by converting it to the amino acid asparagine. Knowledge of the kinetic parameters, the half-saturation constant (Km) and the maximum metabolic capacity (vmax), is very useful for enzyme characterization and biochemical purposes. The goal of this study is to find the enzyme kinetics (K(M) and vmax) during cyanide metabolism in the presence of Chinese vegetation, to provide quantitative data for engineered phytoremediation, and to investigate the variation of metabolic rates of plants.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>Detached leaves (1.0 g fresh weight) from 12 species out of 9 families were kept in glass vessels with 100 mL of aqueous solution spiked with potassium cyanide at 23 degrees C for 28 h. Four different treatment concentrations of cyanide were used, ranging from 0.44 to 7.69 mg CN/L. The disappearance of cyanide from the aqueous solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically. Realistic values of the half-saturation constant (KM) and the maximum metabolic capacity (vmax) were estimated by a computer program using non-linear regression treatments. As a comparison, Lineweaver-Burk plots were also used to estimate the kinetic parameters.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION</b>
</p>
<p>The values obtained for K(M) and vmax varied with plant species. Using non-linear regression treatments, values of vmax and K(M) were found in a range between 6.68 and 21.91 mg CN/kg/h and 0.90 to 3.15 mg CN/L, respectively. The highest vmax was by Chinese elder (Sambucus chinensis), followed by upright hedge-parsley (Torilis japonica). The lowest Vmax was demonstrated by the hybrid willow (Salix matssudana x alba). However, the highest K(M) was found in the water lily (Nymphea teragona), followed by the poplar (Populus deltoides Marsh). The lowest K(M) was demonstrated by corn (Zea mays L.). The values of vmax were normally distributed with a mean of 13 mg CN/kg/h.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>
</p>
<p>Significant removal of cyanide from aqueous solution was observed in the presence of plant materials without phytotoxicity, even at high doses of cyanide. This gives rise to the conclusion that the Chinese plant species used in this study are all able to efficiently metabolize cyanide, although with different maximum metabolic capacities. A second conclusion is that the variation of metabolism rates between species is small. All these plants had a similar K(M), indicating the same enzyme is active in all plants.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK</b>
</p>
<p>Detoxification of cyanide with trees seems to be a feasible option for cleaning soils and water contaminated with cyanide. For phytoremediation projects, screening appropriate plant species adapted to local conditions should be seriously considered. More chemicals should be investigated to find common principles of the metabolism of environmental chemicals by plants.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<Title>Environmental science and pollution research international</Title>
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<ArticleTitle>Cyanide removal by Chinese vegetation--quantification of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics.</ArticleTitle>
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<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Little is known about metabolism rates of environmental chemicals by vegetation. A good model compound to study the variation of rates among plant species is cyanide. Vascular plants possess an enzyme system that detoxifies cyanide by converting it to the amino acid asparagine. Knowledge of the kinetic parameters, the half-saturation constant (Km) and the maximum metabolic capacity (vmax), is very useful for enzyme characterization and biochemical purposes. The goal of this study is to find the enzyme kinetics (K(M) and vmax) during cyanide metabolism in the presence of Chinese vegetation, to provide quantitative data for engineered phytoremediation, and to investigate the variation of metabolic rates of plants.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Detached leaves (1.0 g fresh weight) from 12 species out of 9 families were kept in glass vessels with 100 mL of aqueous solution spiked with potassium cyanide at 23 degrees C for 28 h. Four different treatment concentrations of cyanide were used, ranging from 0.44 to 7.69 mg CN/L. The disappearance of cyanide from the aqueous solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically. Realistic values of the half-saturation constant (KM) and the maximum metabolic capacity (vmax) were estimated by a computer program using non-linear regression treatments. As a comparison, Lineweaver-Burk plots were also used to estimate the kinetic parameters.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS AND DISCUSSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The values obtained for K(M) and vmax varied with plant species. Using non-linear regression treatments, values of vmax and K(M) were found in a range between 6.68 and 21.91 mg CN/kg/h and 0.90 to 3.15 mg CN/L, respectively. The highest vmax was by Chinese elder (Sambucus chinensis), followed by upright hedge-parsley (Torilis japonica). The lowest Vmax was demonstrated by the hybrid willow (Salix matssudana x alba). However, the highest K(M) was found in the water lily (Nymphea teragona), followed by the poplar (Populus deltoides Marsh). The lowest K(M) was demonstrated by corn (Zea mays L.). The values of vmax were normally distributed with a mean of 13 mg CN/kg/h.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Significant removal of cyanide from aqueous solution was observed in the presence of plant materials without phytotoxicity, even at high doses of cyanide. This gives rise to the conclusion that the Chinese plant species used in this study are all able to efficiently metabolize cyanide, although with different maximum metabolic capacities. A second conclusion is that the variation of metabolism rates between species is small. All these plants had a similar K(M), indicating the same enzyme is active in all plants.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Detoxification of cyanide with trees seems to be a feasible option for cleaning soils and water contaminated with cyanide. For phytoremediation projects, screening appropriate plant species adapted to local conditions should be seriously considered. More chemicals should be investigated to find common principles of the metabolism of environmental chemicals by plants.</AbstractText>
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