Rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, prevents shigellosis after experimental challenge.
Identifieur interne : 001B81 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001B80; suivant : 001B82Rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, prevents shigellosis after experimental challenge.
Auteurs : David N. Taylor ; Robin Mckenzie ; Anna Durbin ; Colleen Carpenter ; Christophe B. Atzinger ; Robert Haake ; A Louis BourgeoisSource :
- Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America [ 1537-6591 ] ; 2006.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Anti-Bacterial Agents (metabolism), Anti-Bacterial Agents (therapeutic use), Antibodies, Bacterial (blood), Double-Blind Method (MeSH), Dysentery, Bacillary (prevention & control), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Immunoglobulin A (blood), Immunoglobulin G (blood), Male (MeSH), Rifamycins (metabolism), Rifamycins (therapeutic use), Rifaximin (MeSH), Time Factors (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Bacterial, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G.
- chemical , metabolism : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Rifamycins.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Rifamycins.
- prevention & control : Dysentery, Bacillary.
- Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Rifaximin, Time Factors.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the nonabsorbed oral antibiotic rifaximin to prevent shigellosis in volunteers challenged with Shigella flexneri.
METHODS
Volunteers were randomized to receive either prophylactic rifaximin (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days; n = 15) or placebo (n = 10) on days 0, 1, and 2. On day 1, volunteers were challenged with approximately 1500 colony-forming units of S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T given orally in sodium bicarbonate buffer.
RESULTS
The incidence of diarrhea was 0 with rifaximin, compared with 60% with placebo (P = .001). The median time to onset of diarrhea was 78.5 h with placebo (P < .001). The incidence of dysentery was 0 for rifaximin and 10% for placebo (P = .4). The incidence of colonization with Shigella was 0 with rifaximin, compared with 50% with placebo (P < .005). A significant serum or mucosal immune response after challenge by at least 1 indicator (immunoglobulin A titer, immunoglobulin G titer, and immunoglobulin A antibody-secreting cell count) was 0 with rifaximin and 80% with placebo (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Rifaximin was effective and well tolerated, compared with placebo, in preventing shigellosis in this double-blind study of volunteers challenged with S. flexneri 2a.
DOI: 10.1086/503039
PubMed: 16586388
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pubmed:16586388Le document en format XML
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Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. david.taylor@salix.com</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Robin" sort="Mckenzie, Robin" uniqKey="Mckenzie R" first="Robin" last="Mckenzie">Robin Mckenzie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durbin, Anna" sort="Durbin, Anna" uniqKey="Durbin A" first="Anna" last="Durbin">Anna Durbin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Colleen" sort="Carpenter, Colleen" uniqKey="Carpenter C" first="Colleen" last="Carpenter">Colleen Carpenter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atzinger, Christophe B" sort="Atzinger, Christophe B" uniqKey="Atzinger C" first="Christophe B" last="Atzinger">Christophe B. Atzinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haake, Robert" sort="Haake, Robert" uniqKey="Haake R" first="Robert" last="Haake">Robert Haake</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourgeois, A Louis" sort="Bourgeois, A Louis" uniqKey="Bourgeois A" first="A Louis" last="Bourgeois">A Louis Bourgeois</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:16586388</idno><idno type="pmid">16586388</idno><idno type="doi">10.1086/503039</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001B81</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001B81</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, prevents shigellosis after experimental challenge.</title><author><name sortKey="Taylor, David N" sort="Taylor, David N" uniqKey="Taylor D" first="David N" last="Taylor">David N. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. david.taylor@salix.com</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckenzie, Robin" sort="Mckenzie, Robin" uniqKey="Mckenzie R" first="Robin" last="Mckenzie">Robin Mckenzie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durbin, Anna" sort="Durbin, Anna" uniqKey="Durbin A" first="Anna" last="Durbin">Anna Durbin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Colleen" sort="Carpenter, Colleen" uniqKey="Carpenter C" first="Colleen" last="Carpenter">Colleen Carpenter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atzinger, Christophe B" sort="Atzinger, Christophe B" uniqKey="Atzinger C" first="Christophe B" last="Atzinger">Christophe B. Atzinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haake, Robert" sort="Haake, Robert" uniqKey="Haake R" first="Robert" last="Haake">Robert Haake</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourgeois, A Louis" sort="Bourgeois, A Louis" uniqKey="Bourgeois A" first="A Louis" last="Bourgeois">A Louis Bourgeois</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</title><idno type="eISSN">1537-6591</idno><imprint><date when="2006" type="published">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (metabolism)</term><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Antibodies, Bacterial (blood)</term><term>Double-Blind Method (MeSH)</term><term>Dysentery, Bacillary (prevention & control)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Immunoglobulin A (blood)</term><term>Immunoglobulin G (blood)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Rifamycins (metabolism)</term><term>Rifamycins (therapeutic use)</term><term>Rifaximin (MeSH)</term><term>Time Factors (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Bacterial</term><term>Immunoglobulin A</term><term>Immunoglobulin G</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term><term>Rifamycins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term><term>Rifamycins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Dysentery, Bacillary</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Double-Blind Method</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Rifaximin</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the nonabsorbed oral antibiotic rifaximin to prevent shigellosis in volunteers challenged with Shigella flexneri.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>Volunteers were randomized to receive either prophylactic rifaximin (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days; n = 15) or placebo (n = 10) on days 0, 1, and 2. On day 1, volunteers were challenged with approximately 1500 colony-forming units of S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T given orally in sodium bicarbonate buffer.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>The incidence of diarrhea was 0 with rifaximin, compared with 60% with placebo (P = .001). The median time to onset of diarrhea was 78.5 h with placebo (P < .001). The incidence of dysentery was 0 for rifaximin and 10% for placebo (P = .4). The incidence of colonization with Shigella was 0 with rifaximin, compared with 50% with placebo (P < .005). A significant serum or mucosal immune response after challenge by at least 1 indicator (immunoglobulin A titer, immunoglobulin G titer, and immunoglobulin A antibody-secreting cell count) was 0 with rifaximin and 80% with placebo (P < .001).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Rifaximin was effective and well tolerated, compared with placebo, in preventing shigellosis in this double-blind study of volunteers challenged with S. flexneri 2a.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">16586388</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2006</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1537-6591</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>42</Volume><Issue>9</Issue><PubDate><Year>2006</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Clin Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, prevents shigellosis after experimental challenge.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1283-8</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the nonabsorbed oral antibiotic rifaximin to prevent shigellosis in volunteers challenged with Shigella flexneri.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Volunteers were randomized to receive either prophylactic rifaximin (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days; n = 15) or placebo (n = 10) on days 0, 1, and 2. On day 1, volunteers were challenged with approximately 1500 colony-forming units of S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T given orally in sodium bicarbonate buffer.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The incidence of diarrhea was 0 with rifaximin, compared with 60% with placebo (P = .001). The median time to onset of diarrhea was 78.5 h with placebo (P < .001). The incidence of dysentery was 0 for rifaximin and 10% for placebo (P = .4). The incidence of colonization with Shigella was 0 with rifaximin, compared with 50% with placebo (P < .005). A significant serum or mucosal immune response after challenge by at least 1 indicator (immunoglobulin A titer, immunoglobulin G titer, and immunoglobulin A antibody-secreting cell count) was 0 with rifaximin and 80% with placebo (P < .001).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Rifaximin was effective and well tolerated, compared with placebo, in preventing shigellosis in this double-blind study of volunteers challenged with S. flexneri 2a.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taylor</LastName><ForeName>David N</ForeName><Initials>DN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. david.taylor@salix.com</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McKenzie</LastName><ForeName>Robin</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Author><Author 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