Increased spring freezing vulnerability for alpine shrubs under early snowmelt.
Identifieur interne : 001157 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001156; suivant : 001158Increased spring freezing vulnerability for alpine shrubs under early snowmelt.
Auteurs : J A Wheeler ; G. Hoch ; A J Cortés ; J. Sedlacek ; S. Wipf ; C. RixenSource :
- Oecologia [ 1432-1939 ] ; 2014.
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Abstract
Alpine dwarf shrub communities are phenologically linked with snowmelt timing, so early spring exposure may increase risk of freezing damage during early development, and consequently reduce seasonal growth. We examined whether environmental factors (duration of snow cover, elevation) influenced size and the vulnerability of shrubs to spring freezing along elevational gradients and snow microhabitats by modelling the past frequency of spring freezing events. We sampled biomass and measured the size of Salix herbacea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum and Loiseleuria procumbens in late spring. Leaves were exposed to freezing temperatures to determine the temperature at which 50% of specimens are killed for each species and sampling site. By linking site snowmelt and temperatures to long-term climate measurements, we extrapolated the frequency of spring freezing events at each elevation, snow microhabitat and per species over 37 years. Snowmelt timing was significantly driven by microhabitat effects, but was independent of elevation. Shrub growth was neither enhanced nor reduced by earlier snowmelt, but decreased with elevation. Freezing resistance was strongly species dependent, and did not differ along the elevation or snowmelt gradient. Microclimate extrapolation suggested that potentially lethal freezing events (in May and June) occurred for three of the four species examined. Freezing events never occurred on late snow beds, and increased in frequency with earlier snowmelt and higher elevation. Extrapolated freezing events showed a slight, non-significant increase over the 37-year record. We suggest that earlier snowmelt does not enhance growth in four dominant alpine shrubs, but increases the risk of lethal spring freezing exposure for less freezing-resistant species.
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2872-8
PubMed: 24435708
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Wipf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rixen, C" sort="Rixen, C" uniqKey="Rixen C" first="C" last="Rixen">C. Rixen</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24435708</idno><idno type="pmid">24435708</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s00442-013-2872-8</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001157</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001157</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Increased spring freezing vulnerability for alpine shrubs under early snowmelt.</title><author><name sortKey="Wheeler, J A" sort="Wheeler, J A" uniqKey="Wheeler J" first="J A" last="Wheeler">J A Wheeler</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260, Davos, Switzerland, julia.wheeler@slf.ch.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoch, G" sort="Hoch, G" uniqKey="Hoch G" first="G" last="Hoch">G. Hoch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cortes, A J" sort="Cortes, A J" uniqKey="Cortes A" first="A J" last="Cortés">A J Cortés</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sedlacek, J" sort="Sedlacek, J" uniqKey="Sedlacek J" first="J" last="Sedlacek">J. Sedlacek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wipf, S" sort="Wipf, S" uniqKey="Wipf S" first="S" last="Wipf">S. Wipf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rixen, C" sort="Rixen, C" uniqKey="Rixen C" first="C" last="Rixen">C. Rixen</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Oecologia</title><idno type="eISSN">1432-1939</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Altitude (MeSH)</term><term>Biomass (MeSH)</term><term>Climate (MeSH)</term><term>Ecosystem (MeSH)</term><term>Ericaceae (physiology)</term><term>Freezing (MeSH)</term><term>Plant Leaves (MeSH)</term><term>Salix (physiology)</term><term>Seasons (MeSH)</term><term>Snow (MeSH)</term><term>Switzerland (MeSH)</term><term>Vaccinium (physiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Ericaceae</term><term>Salix</term><term>Vaccinium</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Altitude</term><term>Biomass</term><term>Climate</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Freezing</term><term>Plant Leaves</term><term>Seasons</term><term>Snow</term><term>Switzerland</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Alpine dwarf shrub communities are phenologically linked with snowmelt timing, so early spring exposure may increase risk of freezing damage during early development, and consequently reduce seasonal growth. We examined whether environmental factors (duration of snow cover, elevation) influenced size and the vulnerability of shrubs to spring freezing along elevational gradients and snow microhabitats by modelling the past frequency of spring freezing events. We sampled biomass and measured the size of Salix herbacea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum and Loiseleuria procumbens in late spring. Leaves were exposed to freezing temperatures to determine the temperature at which 50% of specimens are killed for each species and sampling site. By linking site snowmelt and temperatures to long-term climate measurements, we extrapolated the frequency of spring freezing events at each elevation, snow microhabitat and per species over 37 years. Snowmelt timing was significantly driven by microhabitat effects, but was independent of elevation. Shrub growth was neither enhanced nor reduced by earlier snowmelt, but decreased with elevation. Freezing resistance was strongly species dependent, and did not differ along the elevation or snowmelt gradient. Microclimate extrapolation suggested that potentially lethal freezing events (in May and June) occurred for three of the four species examined. Freezing events never occurred on late snow beds, and increased in frequency with earlier snowmelt and higher elevation. Extrapolated freezing events showed a slight, non-significant increase over the 37-year record. We suggest that earlier snowmelt does not enhance growth in four dominant alpine shrubs, but increases the risk of lethal spring freezing exposure for less freezing-resistant species.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24435708</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1432-1939</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>175</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>May</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Oecologia</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Oecologia</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Increased spring freezing vulnerability for alpine shrubs under early snowmelt.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>219-29</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s00442-013-2872-8</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Alpine dwarf shrub communities are phenologically linked with snowmelt timing, so early spring exposure may increase risk of freezing damage during early development, and consequently reduce seasonal growth. We examined whether environmental factors (duration of snow cover, elevation) influenced size and the vulnerability of shrubs to spring freezing along elevational gradients and snow microhabitats by modelling the past frequency of spring freezing events. We sampled biomass and measured the size of Salix herbacea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum and Loiseleuria procumbens in late spring. Leaves were exposed to freezing temperatures to determine the temperature at which 50% of specimens are killed for each species and sampling site. By linking site snowmelt and temperatures to long-term climate measurements, we extrapolated the frequency of spring freezing events at each elevation, snow microhabitat and per species over 37 years. Snowmelt timing was significantly driven by microhabitat effects, but was independent of elevation. Shrub growth was neither enhanced nor reduced by earlier snowmelt, but decreased with elevation. Freezing resistance was strongly species dependent, and did not differ along the elevation or snowmelt gradient. Microclimate extrapolation suggested that potentially lethal freezing events (in May and June) occurred for three of the four species examined. Freezing events never occurred on late snow beds, and increased in frequency with earlier snowmelt and higher elevation. Extrapolated freezing events showed a slight, non-significant increase over the 37-year record. We suggest that earlier snowmelt does not enhance growth in four dominant alpine shrubs, but increases the risk of lethal spring freezing exposure for less freezing-resistant species.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wheeler</LastName><ForeName>J A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260, Davos, Switzerland, julia.wheeler@slf.ch.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoch</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cortés</LastName><ForeName>A J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sedlacek</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wipf</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rixen</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>17</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Oecologia</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0150372</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0029-8549</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000531" MajorTopicYN="N">Altitude</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018533" MajorTopicYN="N">Biomass</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002980" MajorTopicYN="N">Climate</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017753" 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