N-Ethyl Pentylone (Ephylone) Intoxications: Quantitative Confirmation and Metabolite Identification in Authentic Human Biological Specimens.
Identifieur interne : 000743 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000742; suivant : 000744N-Ethyl Pentylone (Ephylone) Intoxications: Quantitative Confirmation and Metabolite Identification in Authentic Human Biological Specimens.
Auteurs : Alex J. Krotulski ; Donna M. Papsun ; Bruno S. De Martinis ; Amanda L A. Mohr ; Barry K. LoganSource :
- Journal of analytical toxicology [ 1945-2403 ] ; 2018.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Benzodioxoles (blood), Benzodioxoles (poisoning), Biotransformation (MeSH), Butylamines (blood), Butylamines (poisoning), Cause of Death (MeSH), Chromatography, Liquid (methods), Drug Overdose (blood), Drug Overdose (diagnosis), Female (MeSH), Forensic Toxicology (methods), Humans (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Metabolomics (methods), Microsomes, Liver (metabolism), Middle Aged (MeSH), Psychotropic Drugs (blood), Psychotropic Drugs (poisoning), Reproducibility of Results (MeSH), Saliva (metabolism), Substance Abuse Detection (methods), Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MeSH), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Benzodioxoles, Butylamines, Psychotropic Drugs.
- chemical , poisoning : Benzodioxoles, Butylamines, Psychotropic Drugs.
- blood : Drug Overdose.
- diagnosis : Drug Overdose.
- metabolism : Microsomes, Liver, Saliva.
- methods : Chromatography, Liquid, Forensic Toxicology, Metabolomics, Substance Abuse Detection.
- Adult, Biotransformation, Cause of Death, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Young Adult.
Abstract
N-ethyl pentylone (ephylone) has been identified as the most recent novel stimulant to emerge into the arena of evolving novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Due to its novelty, information regarding case reports with associated quantitative confirmations, biotransformation pathways, and identified unique metabolites will assist the scientific community in understanding the implications of the emergence and risks associated with N-ethyl pentylone use. Authentic blood specimens (n = 26) submitted as part of toxicological death investigations or drugged driving casework tested positive for N-ethyl pentylone, and were quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). N-ethyl pentylone concentrations ranged from 12 to 1,200 ng/mL, with mean (±standard deviation) and median concentrations of 313 (±366) and 125 ng/mL, respectively, excluding one case measured at 50,000 ng/mL. N-ethyl pentylone was often found in combination with other drugs of abuse and NPS, include a variety of novel opioids including fentanyl analogs. Oral fluid specimens (n = 5), collected from recreational drug users at a dance music festival, were quantitatively analyzed using LC-MS-MS. Concentrations ranged from 12.6 to 1,377 ng/mL. Additional analysis was performed to characterize the metabolic profile of N-ethyl pentylone using human liver microsomes (HLM), followed by confirmation of the presence of the proposed metabolites in a subset of the blood specimens and oral fluid specimens. Metabolomic analysis was performed using a liquid chromatograph quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF), followed by data processing using MetabolitePilot™ software. In vivo verification of in vitro HLM-generated metabolites resulted in the confirmation of four metabolites. Reduction of the beta-ketone to an alcohol resulted in the most prominent metabolite found in the authentic specimens, and its uniqueness to N-ethyl pentylone leads to this metabolite being an appropriate biomarker to determine N-ethyl pentylone ingestion. This is the first study to report N-ethyl pentylone concentrations and to characterize the metabolic profile of N-ethyl pentylone.
DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky025
PubMed: 29618077
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:29618077Le document en format XML
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De Martinis</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohr, Amanda L A" sort="Mohr, Amanda L A" uniqKey="Mohr A" first="Amanda L A" last="Mohr">Amanda L A. Mohr</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Logan, Barry K" sort="Logan, Barry K" uniqKey="Logan B" first="Barry K" last="Logan">Barry K. Logan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:29618077</idno><idno type="pmid">29618077</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/jat/bky025</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000743</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000743</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">N-Ethyl Pentylone (Ephylone) Intoxications: Quantitative Confirmation and Metabolite Identification in Authentic Human Biological Specimens.</title><author><name sortKey="Krotulski, Alex J" sort="Krotulski, Alex J" uniqKey="Krotulski A" first="Alex J" last="Krotulski">Alex J. Krotulski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papsun, Donna M" sort="Papsun, Donna M" uniqKey="Papsun D" first="Donna M" last="Papsun">Donna M. Papsun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Martinis, Bruno S" sort="De Martinis, Bruno S" uniqKey="De Martinis B" first="Bruno S" last="De Martinis">Bruno S. De Martinis</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohr, Amanda L A" sort="Mohr, Amanda L A" uniqKey="Mohr A" first="Amanda L A" last="Mohr">Amanda L A. Mohr</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Logan, Barry K" sort="Logan, Barry K" uniqKey="Logan B" first="Barry K" last="Logan">Barry K. Logan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of analytical toxicology</title><idno type="eISSN">1945-2403</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Benzodioxoles (blood)</term><term>Benzodioxoles (poisoning)</term><term>Biotransformation (MeSH)</term><term>Butylamines (blood)</term><term>Butylamines (poisoning)</term><term>Cause of Death (MeSH)</term><term>Chromatography, Liquid (methods)</term><term>Drug Overdose (blood)</term><term>Drug Overdose (diagnosis)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Forensic Toxicology (methods)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Metabolomics (methods)</term><term>Microsomes, Liver (metabolism)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs (blood)</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs (poisoning)</term><term>Reproducibility of Results (MeSH)</term><term>Saliva (metabolism)</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection (methods)</term><term>Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MeSH)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Benzodioxoles</term><term>Butylamines</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="poisoning" xml:lang="en"><term>Benzodioxoles</term><term>Butylamines</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Drug Overdose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Drug Overdose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Microsomes, Liver</term><term>Saliva</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Chromatography, Liquid</term><term>Forensic Toxicology</term><term>Metabolomics</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Biotransformation</term><term>Cause of Death</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Reproducibility of Results</term><term>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">N-ethyl pentylone (ephylone) has been identified as the most recent novel stimulant to emerge into the arena of evolving novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Due to its novelty, information regarding case reports with associated quantitative confirmations, biotransformation pathways, and identified unique metabolites will assist the scientific community in understanding the implications of the emergence and risks associated with N-ethyl pentylone use. Authentic blood specimens (n = 26) submitted as part of toxicological death investigations or drugged driving casework tested positive for N-ethyl pentylone, and were quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). N-ethyl pentylone concentrations ranged from 12 to 1,200 ng/mL, with mean (±standard deviation) and median concentrations of 313 (±366) and 125 ng/mL, respectively, excluding one case measured at 50,000 ng/mL. N-ethyl pentylone was often found in combination with other drugs of abuse and NPS, include a variety of novel opioids including fentanyl analogs. Oral fluid specimens (n = 5), collected from recreational drug users at a dance music festival, were quantitatively analyzed using LC-MS-MS. Concentrations ranged from 12.6 to 1,377 ng/mL. Additional analysis was performed to characterize the metabolic profile of N-ethyl pentylone using human liver microsomes (HLM), followed by confirmation of the presence of the proposed metabolites in a subset of the blood specimens and oral fluid specimens. Metabolomic analysis was performed using a liquid chromatograph quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF), followed by data processing using MetabolitePilot™ software. In vivo verification of in vitro HLM-generated metabolites resulted in the confirmation of four metabolites. Reduction of the beta-ketone to an alcohol resulted in the most prominent metabolite found in the authentic specimens, and its uniqueness to N-ethyl pentylone leads to this metabolite being an appropriate biomarker to determine N-ethyl pentylone ingestion. This is the first study to report N-ethyl pentylone concentrations and to characterize the metabolic profile of N-ethyl pentylone.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29618077</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1945-2403</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>42</Volume><Issue>7</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of analytical toxicology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Anal Toxicol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>N-Ethyl Pentylone (Ephylone) Intoxications: Quantitative Confirmation and Metabolite Identification in Authentic Human Biological Specimens.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>467-475</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/jat/bky025</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>N-ethyl pentylone (ephylone) has been identified as the most recent novel stimulant to emerge into the arena of evolving novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Due to its novelty, information regarding case reports with associated quantitative confirmations, biotransformation pathways, and identified unique metabolites will assist the scientific community in understanding the implications of the emergence and risks associated with N-ethyl pentylone use. Authentic blood specimens (n = 26) submitted as part of toxicological death investigations or drugged driving casework tested positive for N-ethyl pentylone, and were quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). N-ethyl pentylone concentrations ranged from 12 to 1,200 ng/mL, with mean (±standard deviation) and median concentrations of 313 (±366) and 125 ng/mL, respectively, excluding one case measured at 50,000 ng/mL. N-ethyl pentylone was often found in combination with other drugs of abuse and NPS, include a variety of novel opioids including fentanyl analogs. Oral fluid specimens (n = 5), collected from recreational drug users at a dance music festival, were quantitatively analyzed using LC-MS-MS. Concentrations ranged from 12.6 to 1,377 ng/mL. Additional analysis was performed to characterize the metabolic profile of N-ethyl pentylone using human liver microsomes (HLM), followed by confirmation of the presence of the proposed metabolites in a subset of the blood specimens and oral fluid specimens. Metabolomic analysis was performed using a liquid chromatograph quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF), followed by data processing using MetabolitePilot™ software. In vivo verification of in vitro HLM-generated metabolites resulted in the confirmation of four metabolites. Reduction of the beta-ketone to an alcohol resulted in the most prominent metabolite found in the authentic specimens, and its uniqueness to N-ethyl pentylone leads to this metabolite being an appropriate biomarker to determine N-ethyl pentylone ingestion. This is the first study to report N-ethyl pentylone concentrations and to characterize the metabolic profile of N-ethyl pentylone.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krotulski</LastName><ForeName>Alex J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Papsun</LastName><ForeName>Donna M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Martinis</LastName><ForeName>Bruno S</ForeName><Initials>BS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohr</LastName><ForeName>Amanda L A</ForeName><Initials>ALA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Logan</LastName><ForeName>Barry K</ForeName><Initials>BK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Anal Toxicol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7705085</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0146-4760</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D052117">Benzodioxoles</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002082">Butylamines</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C000621430">N-ethylpentylone</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D011619">Psychotropic Drugs</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052117" MajorTopicYN="N">Benzodioxoles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000506" MajorTopicYN="N">poisoning</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001711" MajorTopicYN="N">Biotransformation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002082" MajorTopicYN="N">Butylamines</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000506" MajorTopicYN="N">poisoning</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002423" MajorTopicYN="N">Cause of Death</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002853" MajorTopicYN="N">Chromatography, Liquid</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D062787" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Overdose</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053593" MajorTopicYN="N">Forensic Toxicology</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055432" MajorTopicYN="N">Metabolomics</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008862" MajorTopicYN="N">Microsomes, Liver</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011619" MajorTopicYN="N">Psychotropic Drugs</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000506" MajorTopicYN="N">poisoning</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015203" MajorTopicYN="N">Reproducibility of Results</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012463" MajorTopicYN="N">Saliva</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015813" MajorTopicYN="N">Substance Abuse Detection</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053719" MajorTopicYN="Y">Tandem Mass Spectrometry</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2017</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2018</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2018</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29618077</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">4957061</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/jat/bky025</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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