Analysis of cis and trans 3-methylfentanyl by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and findings in forensic toxicology casework.
Identifieur interne : 000706 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000705; suivant : 000707Analysis of cis and trans 3-methylfentanyl by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and findings in forensic toxicology casework.
Auteurs : Melissa F. Fogarty ; Donna M. Papsun ; Barry K. LoganSource :
- Drug testing and analysis [ 1942-7611 ] ; 2018.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Calibration (MeSH), Cause of Death (MeSH), Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid (MeSH), Drug Overdose (diagnosis), Female (MeSH), Fentanyl (analogs & derivatives), Fentanyl (blood), Fentanyl (poisoning), Forensic Toxicology (methods), Humans (MeSH), Illicit Drugs (blood), Limit of Detection (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Mass Spectrometry (MeSH), Reference Standards (MeSH), Reproducibility of Results (MeSH), Stereoisomerism (MeSH), Substance Abuse Detection (methods), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , analogs & derivatives : Fentanyl.
- chemical , blood : Fentanyl, Illicit Drugs.
- diagnosis : Drug Overdose.
- methods : Forensic Toxicology, Substance Abuse Detection.
- chemical , poisoning : Fentanyl.
- Adult, Calibration, Cause of Death, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Female, Humans, Limit of Detection, Male, Mass Spectrometry, Reference Standards, Reproducibility of Results, Stereoisomerism, Young Adult.
Abstract
3-methylfentanyl (3-MF), N-(3-methyl-1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)-N-phenyl-propanamide, has reappeared on the US illicit drug market since its disappearance after a series of overdose deaths in 1988. 3-MF presents an analytical challenge, due to presence of cis and trans stereoisomers, each with different potencies, and ultimately very low concentrations in the blood after use. A method was developed using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry for the analysis of (±)-cis-3-MF and (±)-trans-3-MF in blood specimens after solid phase extraction. The linear dynamic range of this method was 0.1-10 ng/mL. Blood samples from 25 postmortem cases and 2 human performance case involving 3-MF were submitted for quantitative analysis. The mean and median concentration for the (±)-cis-3-MF were 0.84 ng/mL (±0.81) and 0.67 ng/mL, respectively, range 0.14-3.43 ng/mL. The resulting (±)-trans-3-MF mean concentration was 0.46 ng/mL (±0.38) and the median concentration was 0.37 ng/mL with a range of 0.11-1.90 ng/mL. The resulting (±)-cis-3-MF and (±)-trans-3-MF concentrations were summed to give the total amount of 3-MF present in the case with the resulting average concentration at 1.28 ng/mL (±1.16), median at 1.01 ng/mL and range 0.18-5.18. As the estimated dose of this compound is approximately 0.1 mg-0.5 mg with the resulting concentrations in the sub-nanogram range, it is necessary for forensic toxicology laboratories to obtain instruments sensitive enough to detect these substances in driving under the influence of drugs and postmortem cases. Quantitation of 3-MF with separation of (±)-cis and (±)-trans-3-MF provides additional detail for more specific toxicological interpretation.
DOI: 10.1002/dta.2414
PubMed: 29801193
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pubmed:29801193Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Analysis of cis and trans 3-methylfentanyl by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and findings in forensic toxicology casework.</title><author><name sortKey="Fogarty, Melissa F" sort="Fogarty, Melissa F" uniqKey="Fogarty M" first="Melissa F" last="Fogarty">Melissa F. Fogarty</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE) at the Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papsun, Donna M" sort="Papsun, Donna M" uniqKey="Papsun D" first="Donna M" last="Papsun">Donna M. Papsun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, 19090, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Logan, Barry K" sort="Logan, Barry K" uniqKey="Logan B" first="Barry K" last="Logan">Barry K. Logan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE) at the Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, 19090, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:29801193</idno><idno type="pmid">29801193</idno><idno type="doi">10.1002/dta.2414</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000706</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000706</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Analysis of cis and trans 3-methylfentanyl by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and findings in forensic toxicology casework.</title><author><name sortKey="Fogarty, Melissa F" sort="Fogarty, Melissa F" uniqKey="Fogarty M" first="Melissa F" last="Fogarty">Melissa F. Fogarty</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE) at the Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papsun, Donna M" sort="Papsun, Donna M" uniqKey="Papsun D" first="Donna M" last="Papsun">Donna M. Papsun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, 19090, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Logan, Barry K" sort="Logan, Barry K" uniqKey="Logan B" first="Barry K" last="Logan">Barry K. Logan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE) at the Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, 19090, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Drug testing and analysis</title><idno type="eISSN">1942-7611</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Calibration (MeSH)</term><term>Cause of Death (MeSH)</term><term>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid (MeSH)</term><term>Drug Overdose (diagnosis)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Fentanyl (analogs & derivatives)</term><term>Fentanyl (blood)</term><term>Fentanyl (poisoning)</term><term>Forensic Toxicology (methods)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Illicit Drugs (blood)</term><term>Limit of Detection (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Mass Spectrometry (MeSH)</term><term>Reference Standards (MeSH)</term><term>Reproducibility of Results (MeSH)</term><term>Stereoisomerism (MeSH)</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection (methods)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analogs & derivatives" xml:lang="en"><term>Fentanyl</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Fentanyl</term><term>Illicit Drugs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Drug Overdose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Forensic Toxicology</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="poisoning" xml:lang="en"><term>Fentanyl</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Calibration</term><term>Cause of Death</term><term>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Limit of Detection</term><term>Male</term><term>Mass Spectrometry</term><term>Reference Standards</term><term>Reproducibility of Results</term><term>Stereoisomerism</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">3-methylfentanyl (3-MF), N-(3-methyl-1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)-N-phenyl-propanamide, has reappeared on the US illicit drug market since its disappearance after a series of overdose deaths in 1988. 3-MF presents an analytical challenge, due to presence of cis and trans stereoisomers, each with different potencies, and ultimately very low concentrations in the blood after use. A method was developed using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry for the analysis of (±)-cis-3-MF and (±)-trans-3-MF in blood specimens after solid phase extraction. The linear dynamic range of this method was 0.1-10 ng/mL. Blood samples from 25 postmortem cases and 2 human performance case involving 3-MF were submitted for quantitative analysis. The mean and median concentration for the (±)-cis-3-MF were 0.84 ng/mL (±0.81) and 0.67 ng/mL, respectively, range 0.14-3.43 ng/mL. The resulting (±)-trans-3-MF mean concentration was 0.46 ng/mL (±0.38) and the median concentration was 0.37 ng/mL with a range of 0.11-1.90 ng/mL. The resulting (±)-cis-3-MF and (±)-trans-3-MF concentrations were summed to give the total amount of 3-MF present in the case with the resulting average concentration at 1.28 ng/mL (±1.16), median at 1.01 ng/mL and range 0.18-5.18. As the estimated dose of this compound is approximately 0.1 mg-0.5 mg with the resulting concentrations in the sub-nanogram range, it is necessary for forensic toxicology laboratories to obtain instruments sensitive enough to detect these substances in driving under the influence of drugs and postmortem cases. Quantitation of 3-MF with separation of (±)-cis and (±)-trans-3-MF provides additional detail for more specific toxicological interpretation.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29801193</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1942-7611</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>10</Volume><Issue>9</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>Sep</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Drug testing and analysis</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Drug Test Anal</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Analysis of cis and trans 3-methylfentanyl by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and findings in forensic toxicology casework.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1474-1482</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/dta.2414</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>3-methylfentanyl (3-MF), N-(3-methyl-1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)-N-phenyl-propanamide, has reappeared on the US illicit drug market since its disappearance after a series of overdose deaths in 1988. 3-MF presents an analytical challenge, due to presence of cis and trans stereoisomers, each with different potencies, and ultimately very low concentrations in the blood after use. A method was developed using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry for the analysis of (±)-cis-3-MF and (±)-trans-3-MF in blood specimens after solid phase extraction. The linear dynamic range of this method was 0.1-10 ng/mL. Blood samples from 25 postmortem cases and 2 human performance case involving 3-MF were submitted for quantitative analysis. The mean and median concentration for the (±)-cis-3-MF were 0.84 ng/mL (±0.81) and 0.67 ng/mL, respectively, range 0.14-3.43 ng/mL. The resulting (±)-trans-3-MF mean concentration was 0.46 ng/mL (±0.38) and the median concentration was 0.37 ng/mL with a range of 0.11-1.90 ng/mL. The resulting (±)-cis-3-MF and (±)-trans-3-MF concentrations were summed to give the total amount of 3-MF present in the case with the resulting average concentration at 1.28 ng/mL (±1.16), median at 1.01 ng/mL and range 0.18-5.18. As the estimated dose of this compound is approximately 0.1 mg-0.5 mg with the resulting concentrations in the sub-nanogram range, it is necessary for forensic toxicology laboratories to obtain instruments sensitive enough to detect these substances in driving under the influence of drugs and postmortem cases. Quantitation of 3-MF with separation of (±)-cis and (±)-trans-3-MF provides additional detail for more specific toxicological interpretation.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fogarty</LastName><ForeName>Melissa F</ForeName><Initials>MF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-9780</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE) at the Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Papsun</LastName><ForeName>Donna M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, 19090, Pennsylvania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Logan</LastName><ForeName>Barry K</ForeName><Initials>BK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE) at the Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, 19090, Pennsylvania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Drug Test Anal</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101483449</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1942-7603</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D013287">Illicit Drugs</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>QVU94XE61A</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C030592">3-methylfentanyl</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>UF599785JZ</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005283">Fentanyl</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002138" MajorTopicYN="N">Calibration</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002423" MajorTopicYN="N">Cause of Death</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002851" MajorTopicYN="N">Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D062787" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Overdose</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnosis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005283" MajorTopicYN="N">Fentanyl</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000031" MajorTopicYN="Y">analogs & derivatives</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000506" MajorTopicYN="N">poisoning</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053593" MajorTopicYN="N">Forensic Toxicology</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013287" MajorTopicYN="N">Illicit Drugs</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057230" MajorTopicYN="N">Limit of Detection</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013058" MajorTopicYN="N">Mass Spectrometry</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012015" MajorTopicYN="N">Reference Standards</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015203" MajorTopicYN="N">Reproducibility of Results</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013237" MajorTopicYN="N">Stereoisomerism</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015813" MajorTopicYN="N">Substance Abuse Detection</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">3-methylfentanyl</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">LC-QToF</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">high resolution mass spectrometry</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">toxicology</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate 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