Detection and characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in forensic casework.
Identifieur interne : 000330 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000329; suivant : 000331Detection and characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in forensic casework.
Auteurs : Alex J. Krotulski ; Amanda L A. Mohr ; Francis X. Diamond ; Barry K. LoganSource :
- Drug testing and analysis [ 1942-7611 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Cannabinoids (blood), Cannabinoids (metabolism), Cannabinoids (urine), Forensic Toxicology (MeSH), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (methods), Humans (MeSH), Illicit Drugs (blood), Illicit Drugs (metabolism), Illicit Drugs (urine), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (methods), Psychotropic Drugs (blood), Psychotropic Drugs (metabolism), Psychotropic Drugs (urine), Substance Abuse Detection (methods).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Cannabinoids, Illicit Drugs, Psychotropic Drugs.
- chemical , metabolism : Cannabinoids, Illicit Drugs, Psychotropic Drugs.
- chemical , urine : Cannabinoids, Illicit Drugs, Psychotropic Drugs.
- methods : Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Substance Abuse Detection.
- Forensic Toxicology, Humans.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) continue to emerge around the world. APP-BINACA (or APP-BUTINACA), a novel synthetic cannabinoid, was first reported in Europe in January 2019 and later in the United States in March 2019. APP-BINACA was identified in the United States for the first time in blood sample extracts from forensic casework by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). To date, APP-BINACA has been identified in 11 forensic toxicology cases from five states and in both medicolegal death investigations and drug impaired driving investigations. APP-BINACA was commonly found in combination with 4F-MDMB-BINACA. Subsequent to its discovery in biological samples, APP-BINACA was detected and characterized in seized drug material by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), LC-QTOF-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Further analysis of biological specimens resulted in the identification of five metabolites, including 4-HO-APP-BINACA and APP-BINACA 3-phenylpropanoic acid. The frequency of APP-BINACA detection appears to be increasing and this new synthetic cannabinoid has been identified as a possible contributory factor in adverse events, including death. This is the first literature report regarding the characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in humans. Since it is not widely tested for, it is not yet known the extent to which APP-BINACA is contributing to morbidity and mortality, but forensic scientists, public health officials, and others should be aware of its possible presence and impact. Laboratories should incorporate APP-BINACA into testing workflows for detection and confirmation, where possible.
DOI: 10.1002/dta.2698
PubMed: 31788963
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:31788963Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Detection and characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in forensic casework.</title><author><name sortKey="Krotulski, Alex J" sort="Krotulski, Alex J" uniqKey="Krotulski A" first="Alex J" last="Krotulski">Alex J. Krotulski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohr, Amanda L A" sort="Mohr, Amanda L A" uniqKey="Mohr A" first="Amanda L A" last="Mohr">Amanda L A. Mohr</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diamond, Francis X" sort="Diamond, Francis X" uniqKey="Diamond F" first="Francis X" last="Diamond">Francis X. Diamond</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Logan, Barry K" sort="Logan, Barry K" uniqKey="Logan B" first="Barry K" last="Logan">Barry K. Logan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31788963</idno><idno type="pmid">31788963</idno><idno type="doi">10.1002/dta.2698</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000330</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000330</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Detection and characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in forensic casework.</title><author><name sortKey="Krotulski, Alex J" sort="Krotulski, Alex J" uniqKey="Krotulski A" first="Alex J" last="Krotulski">Alex J. Krotulski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohr, Amanda L A" sort="Mohr, Amanda L A" uniqKey="Mohr A" first="Amanda L A" last="Mohr">Amanda L A. Mohr</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diamond, Francis X" sort="Diamond, Francis X" uniqKey="Diamond F" first="Francis X" last="Diamond">Francis X. Diamond</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Logan, Barry K" sort="Logan, Barry K" uniqKey="Logan B" first="Barry K" last="Logan">Barry K. Logan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Drug testing and analysis</title><idno type="eISSN">1942-7611</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Cannabinoids (blood)</term><term>Cannabinoids (metabolism)</term><term>Cannabinoids (urine)</term><term>Forensic Toxicology (MeSH)</term><term>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (methods)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Illicit Drugs (blood)</term><term>Illicit Drugs (metabolism)</term><term>Illicit Drugs (urine)</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (methods)</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs (blood)</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs (metabolism)</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs (urine)</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection (methods)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Cannabinoids</term><term>Illicit Drugs</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Cannabinoids</term><term>Illicit Drugs</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="urine" xml:lang="en"><term>Cannabinoids</term><term>Illicit Drugs</term><term>Psychotropic Drugs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</term><term>Substance Abuse Detection</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Forensic Toxicology</term><term>Humans</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">New psychoactive substances (NPS) continue to emerge around the world. APP-BINACA (or APP-BUTINACA), a novel synthetic cannabinoid, was first reported in Europe in January 2019 and later in the United States in March 2019. APP-BINACA was identified in the United States for the first time in blood sample extracts from forensic casework by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). To date, APP-BINACA has been identified in 11 forensic toxicology cases from five states and in both medicolegal death investigations and drug impaired driving investigations. APP-BINACA was commonly found in combination with 4F-MDMB-BINACA. Subsequent to its discovery in biological samples, APP-BINACA was detected and characterized in seized drug material by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), LC-QTOF-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Further analysis of biological specimens resulted in the identification of five metabolites, including 4-HO-APP-BINACA and APP-BINACA 3-phenylpropanoic acid. The frequency of APP-BINACA detection appears to be increasing and this new synthetic cannabinoid has been identified as a possible contributory factor in adverse events, including death. This is the first literature report regarding the characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in humans. Since it is not widely tested for, it is not yet known the extent to which APP-BINACA is contributing to morbidity and mortality, but forensic scientists, public health officials, and others should be aware of its possible presence and impact. Laboratories should incorporate APP-BINACA into testing workflows for detection and confirmation, where possible.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31788963</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>21</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1942-7611</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>12</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Jan</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Drug testing and analysis</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Drug Test Anal</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Detection and characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in forensic casework.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>136-144</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/dta.2698</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>New psychoactive substances (NPS) continue to emerge around the world. APP-BINACA (or APP-BUTINACA), a novel synthetic cannabinoid, was first reported in Europe in January 2019 and later in the United States in March 2019. APP-BINACA was identified in the United States for the first time in blood sample extracts from forensic casework by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). To date, APP-BINACA has been identified in 11 forensic toxicology cases from five states and in both medicolegal death investigations and drug impaired driving investigations. APP-BINACA was commonly found in combination with 4F-MDMB-BINACA. Subsequent to its discovery in biological samples, APP-BINACA was detected and characterized in seized drug material by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), LC-QTOF-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Further analysis of biological specimens resulted in the identification of five metabolites, including 4-HO-APP-BINACA and APP-BINACA 3-phenylpropanoic acid. The frequency of APP-BINACA detection appears to be increasing and this new synthetic cannabinoid has been identified as a possible contributory factor in adverse events, including death. This is the first literature report regarding the characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid APP-BINACA in humans. Since it is not widely tested for, it is not yet known the extent to which APP-BINACA is contributing to morbidity and mortality, but forensic scientists, public health officials, and others should be aware of its possible presence and impact. Laboratories should incorporate APP-BINACA into testing workflows for detection and confirmation, where possible.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krotulski</LastName><ForeName>Alex J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1775-1882</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohr</LastName><ForeName>Amanda L A</ForeName><Initials>ALA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diamond</LastName><ForeName>Francis X</ForeName><Initials>FX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Logan</LastName><ForeName>Barry K</ForeName><Initials>BK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><Acronym>CC</Acronym><Agency>CDC HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>2017-R2-CX-0021</GrantID><Agency>National Institute of Justice</Agency><Country></Country></Grant><Grant><Acronym>CC</Acronym><Agency>CDC HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>01</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Drug Test Anal</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101483449</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1942-7603</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002186">Cannabinoids</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D013287">Illicit Drugs</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D011619">Psychotropic Drugs</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002186" MajorTopicYN="N">Cannabinoids</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000652" MajorTopicYN="Y">urine</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053593" MajorTopicYN="N">Forensic Toxicology</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008401" MajorTopicYN="N">Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013287" MajorTopicYN="N">Illicit Drugs</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000652" MajorTopicYN="Y">urine</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009682" MajorTopicYN="N">Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011619" MajorTopicYN="N">Psychotropic Drugs</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000652" MajorTopicYN="Y">urine</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015813" MajorTopicYN="N">Substance Abuse Detection</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Forensic Chemistry</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Forensic Toxicology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Mass Spectrometry</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Metabolism</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Synthetic Cannabinoid</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2019</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2019</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2019</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31788963</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/dta.2698</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Title>REFERENCES</Title><Reference><Citation>Presley BC, Jansen-Varnum SA, Logan BK. 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