Egalitarian mixed-species bird groups enhance winter survival of subordinate group members but only in high-quality forests.
Identifieur interne : 000239 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000238; suivant : 000240Egalitarian mixed-species bird groups enhance winter survival of subordinate group members but only in high-quality forests.
Auteurs : Indrikis A. Krams ; Severi Luoto ; Tatjana Krama ; Ronalds Krams ; Kathryn Sieving ; Giedrius Trakimas ; Didzis Elferts ; Markus J. Rantala ; Eben GoodaleSource :
- Scientific reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- physiology : Adaptation, Physiological, Songbirds.
- Animals, Female, Male, Seasons, Social Dominance.
Abstract
Only dominant individuals have unrestricted access to contested resources in group-living animals. In birds, subordinates with restricted access to resources may respond to intragroup contests by acquiring extra body reserves to avoid periods of food shortage. In turn, higher body mass reduces agility and increases predation and mortality risk to subordinates. Birds often live in hierarchically organized mixed-species groups, in which heterospecific individuals are considered to substitute for conspecifics as protection against predators at a significantly reduced competition cost. Crested tits (Lophophanes cristatus) and willow tits (Poecile montanus) form mixed-species groups during the non-reproductive season that typically exhibit a nearly linear dominance hierarchy ('despotic' social structure) in which the highest ranking male willow tit is fourth in the overall hierarchy after the dominant male, female and subordinate juvenile crested tit, respectively. Much less frequently, 'egalitarian' dominance structures occur in which the adult willow tits rank second and the hierarchy is less steep, or linear. We present a rare long-term data set in which egalitarian flocks are common enough to assess the consequences of this simple change in hierarchy structure as well as a potential driver of the pattern. A comparison of individuals in the despotic mixed-species groups revealed a strong negative correlation between subcutaneous fat stores and dominance rank in the interspecific dominance hierarchy, whereas in egalitarian groups, subordinate willow tits had significantly lower fat reserves and they foraged in safer parts of the canopy than willow tits in despotic groups. Moreover, egalitarian groups exhibited markedly less within-group aggression, higher group cohesion and improved winter survival in both tit species. However, winter survival of birds in egalitarian groups was impaired relative to despotic groups in forests recently affected by industrial forestry. This suggests that the more egalitarian bird societies may best be adapted to less-disturbed environments.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60144-w
PubMed: 32132547
PubMed Central: PMC7055219
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32132547Le document en format XML
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Krams</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51014, Estonia. indrikis.krams@ut.ee.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rīga, 1067, Latvia. indrikis.krams@ut.ee.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Rīga, 1004, Latvia. indrikis.krams@ut.ee.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luoto, Severi" sort="Luoto, Severi" uniqKey="Luoto S" first="Severi" last="Luoto">Severi Luoto</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>English, Drama and Writing Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krama, Tatjana" sort="Krama, Tatjana" uniqKey="Krama T" first="Tatjana" last="Krama">Tatjana Krama</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krams, Ronalds" sort="Krams, Ronalds" uniqKey="Krams R" first="Ronalds" last="Krams">Ronalds Krams</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sieving, Kathryn" sort="Sieving, Kathryn" uniqKey="Sieving K" first="Kathryn" last="Sieving">Kathryn Sieving</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trakimas, Giedrius" sort="Trakimas, Giedrius" uniqKey="Trakimas G" first="Giedrius" last="Trakimas">Giedrius Trakimas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elferts, Didzis" sort="Elferts, Didzis" uniqKey="Elferts D" first="Didzis" last="Elferts">Didzis Elferts</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Rīga, 1004, Latvia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rantala, Markus J" sort="Rantala, Markus J" uniqKey="Rantala M" first="Markus J" last="Rantala">Markus J. 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Krams</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51014, Estonia. indrikis.krams@ut.ee.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rīga, 1067, Latvia. indrikis.krams@ut.ee.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Rīga, 1004, Latvia. indrikis.krams@ut.ee.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luoto, Severi" sort="Luoto, Severi" uniqKey="Luoto S" first="Severi" last="Luoto">Severi Luoto</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>English, Drama and Writing Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krama, Tatjana" sort="Krama, Tatjana" uniqKey="Krama T" first="Tatjana" last="Krama">Tatjana Krama</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krams, Ronalds" sort="Krams, Ronalds" uniqKey="Krams R" first="Ronalds" last="Krams">Ronalds Krams</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sieving, Kathryn" sort="Sieving, Kathryn" uniqKey="Sieving K" first="Kathryn" last="Sieving">Kathryn Sieving</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trakimas, Giedrius" sort="Trakimas, Giedrius" uniqKey="Trakimas G" first="Giedrius" last="Trakimas">Giedrius Trakimas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elferts, Didzis" sort="Elferts, Didzis" uniqKey="Elferts D" first="Didzis" last="Elferts">Didzis Elferts</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Rīga, 1004, Latvia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rantala, Markus J" sort="Rantala, Markus J" uniqKey="Rantala M" first="Markus J" last="Rantala">Markus J. Rantala</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goodale, Eben" sort="Goodale, Eben" uniqKey="Goodale E" first="Eben" last="Goodale">Eben Goodale</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptation, Physiological (physiology)</term><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Seasons (MeSH)</term><term>Social Dominance (MeSH)</term><term>Songbirds (physiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptation, Physiological</term><term>Songbirds</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Female</term><term>Male</term><term>Seasons</term><term>Social Dominance</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Only dominant individuals have unrestricted access to contested resources in group-living animals. In birds, subordinates with restricted access to resources may respond to intragroup contests by acquiring extra body reserves to avoid periods of food shortage. In turn, higher body mass reduces agility and increases predation and mortality risk to subordinates. Birds often live in hierarchically organized mixed-species groups, in which heterospecific individuals are considered to substitute for conspecifics as protection against predators at a significantly reduced competition cost. Crested tits (Lophophanes cristatus) and willow tits (Poecile montanus) form mixed-species groups during the non-reproductive season that typically exhibit a nearly linear dominance hierarchy ('despotic' social structure) in which the highest ranking male willow tit is fourth in the overall hierarchy after the dominant male, female and subordinate juvenile crested tit, respectively. Much less frequently, 'egalitarian' dominance structures occur in which the adult willow tits rank second and the hierarchy is less steep, or linear. We present a rare long-term data set in which egalitarian flocks are common enough to assess the consequences of this simple change in hierarchy structure as well as a potential driver of the pattern. A comparison of individuals in the despotic mixed-species groups revealed a strong negative correlation between subcutaneous fat stores and dominance rank in the interspecific dominance hierarchy, whereas in egalitarian groups, subordinate willow tits had significantly lower fat reserves and they foraged in safer parts of the canopy than willow tits in despotic groups. Moreover, egalitarian groups exhibited markedly less within-group aggression, higher group cohesion and improved winter survival in both tit species. However, winter survival of birds in egalitarian groups was impaired relative to despotic groups in forests recently affected by industrial forestry. This suggests that the more egalitarian bird societies may best be adapted to less-disturbed environments.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32132547</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>09</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2045-2322</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>10</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>04</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Scientific reports</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Rep</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Egalitarian mixed-species bird groups enhance winter survival of subordinate group members but only in high-quality forests.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>4005</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41598-020-60144-w</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Only dominant individuals have unrestricted access to contested resources in group-living animals. In birds, subordinates with restricted access to resources may respond to intragroup contests by acquiring extra body reserves to avoid periods of food shortage. In turn, higher body mass reduces agility and increases predation and mortality risk to subordinates. Birds often live in hierarchically organized mixed-species groups, in which heterospecific individuals are considered to substitute for conspecifics as protection against predators at a significantly reduced competition cost. Crested tits (Lophophanes cristatus) and willow tits (Poecile montanus) form mixed-species groups during the non-reproductive season that typically exhibit a nearly linear dominance hierarchy ('despotic' social structure) in which the highest ranking male willow tit is fourth in the overall hierarchy after the dominant male, female and subordinate juvenile crested tit, respectively. Much less frequently, 'egalitarian' dominance structures occur in which the adult willow tits rank second and the hierarchy is less steep, or linear. We present a rare long-term data set in which egalitarian flocks are common enough to assess the consequences of this simple change in hierarchy structure as well as a potential driver of the pattern. A comparison of individuals in the despotic mixed-species groups revealed a strong negative correlation between subcutaneous fat stores and dominance rank in the interspecific dominance hierarchy, whereas in egalitarian groups, subordinate willow tits had significantly lower fat reserves and they foraged in safer parts of the canopy than willow tits in despotic groups. Moreover, egalitarian groups exhibited markedly less within-group aggression, higher group cohesion and improved winter survival in both tit species. However, winter survival of birds in egalitarian groups was impaired relative to despotic groups in forests recently affected by industrial forestry. This suggests that the more egalitarian bird societies may best be adapted to less-disturbed environments.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krams</LastName><ForeName>Indrikis A</ForeName><Initials>IA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7150-4108</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51014, Estonia. indrikis.krams@ut.ee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rīga, 1067, Latvia. indrikis.krams@ut.ee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Rīga, 1004, Latvia. indrikis.krams@ut.ee.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Luoto</LastName><ForeName>Severi</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>English, Drama and Writing Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krama</LastName><ForeName>Tatjana</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krams</LastName><ForeName>Ronalds</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sieving</LastName><ForeName>Kathryn</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0849-8101</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Trakimas</LastName><ForeName>Giedrius</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-6294-0194</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elferts</LastName><ForeName>Didzis</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9401-1231</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Rīga, 1004, Latvia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rantala</LastName><ForeName>Markus J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goodale</LastName><ForeName>Eben</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-3403-2847</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>04</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Sci Rep</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101563288</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2045-2322</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName 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