Genetic association analysis identifies variants associated with disease progression in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Identifieur interne : 000058 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 000057; suivant : 000059Genetic association analysis identifies variants associated with disease progression in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Auteurs : Rudi Alberts [Pays-Bas] ; Elisabeth M G. De Vries [Pays-Bas] ; Elizabeth C. Goode [Royaume-Uni] ; Xiaojun Jiang [Norvège] ; Fotis Sampaziotis [Royaume-Uni] ; Krista Rombouts [Royaume-Uni] ; Katrin Böttcher [Royaume-Uni] ; Trine Folseraas [Norvège] ; Tobias J. Weismüller [Allemagne] ; Andrew L. Mason [Canada] ; Weiwei Wang [Canada] ; Graeme Alexander [Royaume-Uni] ; Domenico Alvaro [Italie] ; Annika Bergquist [Suède] ; Niklas K. Björkström [Suède] ; Ulrich Beuers [Pays-Bas] ; Einar Björnsson [Islande] ; Kirsten Muri Boberg [Norvège] ; Christopher L. Bowlus [États-Unis] ; Maria C. Bragazzi [Italie] ; Marco Carbone [Italie] ; Olivier Chazouillères [France] ; Angela Cheung [Canada] ; Georgios Dalekos [Grèce] ; John Eaton [États-Unis] ; Bertus Eksteen [Canada] ; David Ellinghaus [Allemagne] ; Martti F Rkkil [Finlande] ; Eleonora A M. Festen [Pays-Bas] ; Annarosa Floreani [Italie] ; Irene Franceschet [Italie] ; Daniel Nils Gotthardt [Allemagne] ; Gideon M. Hirschfield [Royaume-Uni] ; Bart Van Hoek [Pays-Bas] ; Kristian Holm [Norvège] ; Simon Hohenester [Allemagne] ; Johannes Roksund Hov [Norvège] ; Floris Imhann [Pays-Bas] ; Pietro Invernizzi [Italie] ; Brian D. Juran [États-Unis] ; Henrike Lenzen [Allemagne] ; Wolfgang Lieb [Allemagne] ; Jimmy Z. Liu [Royaume-Uni] ; Hanns-Ulrich Marschall [Suède] ; Marco Marzioni [Italie] ; Espen Melum [Norvège] ; Piotr Milkiewicz [Pologne] ; Tobias Müller [Allemagne] ; Albert Pares [Espagne] ; Christian Rupp [Allemagne] ; Christian Rust [Allemagne] ; Richard N. Sandford [Royaume-Uni] ; Christoph Schramm [Allemagne] ; Stefan Schreiber [Allemagne] ; Erik Schrumpf [Norvège] ; Mark S. Silverberg [Canada] ; Brijesh Srivastava [Royaume-Uni] ; Martina Sterneck [Allemagne] ; Andreas Teufel [Allemagne] ; Ludovic Vallier [Royaume-Uni] ; Joanne Verheij [Pays-Bas] ; Arnau Vich Vila [Pays-Bas] ; Boudewijn De Vries [Pays-Bas] ; Kalliopi Zachou [Grèce] ; Roger W. Chapman [Royaume-Uni] ; Michael P. Manns [Allemagne] ; Massimo Pinzani [Royaume-Uni] ; Simon M. Rushbrook [Royaume-Uni] ; Konstantinos N. Lazaridis [États-Unis] ; Andre Franke [Allemagne] ; Carl A. Anderson [Royaume-Uni] ; Tom H. Karlsen [Norvège] ; Cyriel Y. Ponsioen [Pays-Bas] ; Rinse K. Weersma [Pays-Bas]Source :
- Gut [ 1468-3288 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Angiocholite sclérosante (anatomopathologie), Angiocholite sclérosante (génétique), Angiocholite sclérosante (mortalité), Estimation de Kaplan-Meier (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Modèles des risques proportionnels (MeSH), Modèles logistiques (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple (génétique), Thrombospondines (génétique), Études de cohortes (MeSH), Évolution de la maladie (MeSH).
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Angiocholite sclérosante.
- génétique : Angiocholite sclérosante, Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple, Thrombospondines.
- mortalité : Angiocholite sclérosante.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Estimation de Kaplan-Meier, Femelle, Humains, Modèles des risques proportionnels, Modèles logistiques, Mâle, Études de cohortes, Évolution de la maladie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Cholangitis, Sclerosing (genetics), Cholangitis, Sclerosing (mortality), Cholangitis, Sclerosing (pathology), Cohort Studies (MeSH), Disease Progression (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Kaplan-Meier Estimate (MeSH), Logistic Models (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide (genetics), Proportional Hazards Models (MeSH), Thrombospondins (genetics).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Thrombospondins.
- genetics : Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide.
- mortality : Cholangitis, Sclerosing.
- pathology : Cholangitis, Sclerosing.
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a genetically complex, inflammatory bile duct disease of largely unknown aetiology often leading to liver transplantation or death. Little is known about the genetic contribution to the severity and progression of PSC. The aim of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with PSC disease progression and development of complications.
DESIGN
We collected standardised PSC subphenotypes in a large cohort of 3402 patients with PSC. After quality control, we combined 130 422 single nucleotide polymorphisms of all patients-obtained using the Illumina immunochip-with their disease subphenotypes. Using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, we identified genetic variants associated with binary and time-to-event PSC subphenotypes.
RESULTS
We identified genetic variant rs853974 to be associated with liver transplant-free survival (p=6.07×10
CONCLUSION
We present a large international PSC cohort, and report genetic loci associated with PSC disease progression. For liver transplant-free survival, we identified a genome-wide significant signal and demonstrated expression of the candidate gene
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313598
PubMed: 28779025
PubMed Central: PMC5797498
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Weismüller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mason, Andrew L" sort="Mason, Andrew L" uniqKey="Mason A" first="Andrew L" last="Mason">Andrew L. Mason</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Weiwei" sort="Wang, Weiwei" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Weiwei" last="Wang">Weiwei Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Graeme" sort="Alexander, Graeme" uniqKey="Alexander G" first="Graeme" last="Alexander">Graeme Alexander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvaro, Domenico" sort="Alvaro, Domenico" uniqKey="Alvaro D" first="Domenico" last="Alvaro">Domenico Alvaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergquist, Annika" sort="Bergquist, Annika" uniqKey="Bergquist A" first="Annika" last="Bergquist">Annika Bergquist</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bjorkstrom, Niklas K" sort="Bjorkstrom, Niklas K" uniqKey="Bjorkstrom N" first="Niklas K" last="Björkström">Niklas K. Björkström</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beuers, Ulrich" sort="Beuers, Ulrich" uniqKey="Beuers U" first="Ulrich" last="Beuers">Ulrich Beuers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bjornsson, Einar" sort="Bjornsson, Einar" uniqKey="Bjornsson E" first="Einar" last="Björnsson">Einar Björnsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Islande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boberg, Kirsten Muri" sort="Boberg, Kirsten Muri" uniqKey="Boberg K" first="Kirsten Muri" last="Boberg">Kirsten Muri Boberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>K G Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>K G Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowlus, Christopher L" sort="Bowlus, Christopher L" uniqKey="Bowlus C" first="Christopher L" last="Bowlus">Christopher L. Bowlus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragazzi, Maria C" sort="Bragazzi, Maria C" uniqKey="Bragazzi M" first="Maria C" last="Bragazzi">Maria C. Bragazzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sapienza University of Rome, Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Sapienza University of Rome, Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Rome</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carbone, Marco" sort="Carbone, Marco" uniqKey="Carbone M" first="Marco" last="Carbone">Marco Carbone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chazouilleres, Olivier" sort="Chazouilleres, Olivier" uniqKey="Chazouilleres O" first="Olivier" last="Chazouillères">Olivier Chazouillères</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, Angela" sort="Cheung, Angela" uniqKey="Cheung A" first="Angela" last="Cheung">Angela Cheung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalekos, Georgios" sort="Dalekos, Georgios" uniqKey="Dalekos G" first="Georgios" last="Dalekos">Georgios Dalekos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eaton, John" sort="Eaton, John" uniqKey="Eaton J" first="John" last="Eaton">John Eaton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eksteen, Bertus" sort="Eksteen, Bertus" uniqKey="Eksteen B" first="Bertus" last="Eksteen">Bertus Eksteen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellinghaus, David" sort="Ellinghaus, David" uniqKey="Ellinghaus D" first="David" last="Ellinghaus">David Ellinghaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="F Rkkil, Martti" sort="F Rkkil, Martti" uniqKey="F Rkkil M" first="Martti" last="F Rkkil">Martti F Rkkil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Festen, Eleonora A M" sort="Festen, Eleonora A M" uniqKey="Festen E" first="Eleonora A M" last="Festen">Eleonora A M. Festen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Floreani, Annarosa" sort="Floreani, Annarosa" uniqKey="Floreani A" first="Annarosa" last="Floreani">Annarosa Floreani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franceschet, Irene" sort="Franceschet, Irene" uniqKey="Franceschet I" first="Irene" last="Franceschet">Irene Franceschet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gotthardt, Daniel Nils" sort="Gotthardt, Daniel Nils" uniqKey="Gotthardt D" first="Daniel Nils" last="Gotthardt">Daniel Nils Gotthardt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschfield, Gideon M" sort="Hirschfield, Gideon M" uniqKey="Hirschfield G" first="Gideon M" last="Hirschfield">Gideon M. Hirschfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoek, Bart Van" sort="Hoek, Bart Van" uniqKey="Hoek B" first="Bart Van" last="Hoek">Bart Van Hoek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holm, Kristian" sort="Holm, Kristian" uniqKey="Holm K" first="Kristian" last="Holm">Kristian Holm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hohenester, Simon" sort="Hohenester, Simon" uniqKey="Hohenester S" first="Simon" last="Hohenester">Simon Hohenester</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine II, Liver Center Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine II, Liver Center Munich, University of Munich, Munich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hov, Johannes Roksund" sort="Hov, Johannes Roksund" uniqKey="Hov J" first="Johannes Roksund" last="Hov">Johannes Roksund Hov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Imhann, Floris" sort="Imhann, Floris" uniqKey="Imhann F" first="Floris" last="Imhann">Floris Imhann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Invernizzi, Pietro" sort="Invernizzi, Pietro" uniqKey="Invernizzi P" first="Pietro" last="Invernizzi">Pietro Invernizzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juran, Brian D" sort="Juran, Brian D" uniqKey="Juran B" first="Brian D" last="Juran">Brian D. Juran</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenzen, Henrike" sort="Lenzen, Henrike" uniqKey="Lenzen H" first="Henrike" last="Lenzen">Henrike Lenzen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lieb, Wolfgang" sort="Lieb, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Lieb W" first="Wolfgang" last="Lieb">Wolfgang Lieb</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Popgen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Popgen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jimmy Z" sort="Liu, Jimmy Z" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jimmy Z" last="Liu">Jimmy Z. Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marschall, Hanns Ulrich" sort="Marschall, Hanns Ulrich" uniqKey="Marschall H" first="Hanns-Ulrich" last="Marschall">Hanns-Ulrich Marschall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marzioni, Marco" sort="Marzioni, Marco" uniqKey="Marzioni M" first="Marco" last="Marzioni">Marco Marzioni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti University Hospital, Ancona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti University Hospital, Ancona</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melum, Espen" sort="Melum, Espen" uniqKey="Melum E" first="Espen" last="Melum">Espen Melum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milkiewicz, Piotr" sort="Milkiewicz, Piotr" uniqKey="Milkiewicz P" first="Piotr" last="Milkiewicz">Piotr Milkiewicz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Tobias" sort="Muller, Tobias" uniqKey="Muller T" first="Tobias" last="Müller">Tobias Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pares, Albert" sort="Pares, Albert" uniqKey="Pares A" first="Albert" last="Pares">Albert Pares</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Liver Unit Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Liver Unit Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rupp, Christian" sort="Rupp, Christian" uniqKey="Rupp C" first="Christian" last="Rupp">Christian Rupp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rust, Christian" sort="Rust, Christian" uniqKey="Rust C" first="Christian" last="Rust">Christian Rust</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine I, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine I, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Munich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandford, Richard N" sort="Sandford, Richard N" uniqKey="Sandford R" first="Richard N" last="Sandford">Richard N. Sandford</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schramm, Christoph" sort="Schramm, Christoph" uniqKey="Schramm C" first="Christoph" last="Schramm">Christoph Schramm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schreiber, Stefan" sort="Schreiber, Stefan" uniqKey="Schreiber S" first="Stefan" last="Schreiber">Stefan Schreiber</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schrumpf, Erik" sort="Schrumpf, Erik" uniqKey="Schrumpf E" first="Erik" last="Schrumpf">Erik Schrumpf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silverberg, Mark S" sort="Silverberg, Mark S" uniqKey="Silverberg M" first="Mark S" last="Silverberg">Mark S. Silverberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Group Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Group Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Srivastava, Brijesh" sort="Srivastava, Brijesh" uniqKey="Srivastava B" first="Brijesh" last="Srivastava">Brijesh Srivastava</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sterneck, Martina" sort="Sterneck, Martina" uniqKey="Sterneck M" first="Martina" last="Sterneck">Martina Sterneck</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teufel, Andreas" sort="Teufel, Andreas" uniqKey="Teufel A" first="Andreas" last="Teufel">Andreas Teufel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1st Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>1st Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vallier, Ludovic" sort="Vallier, Ludovic" uniqKey="Vallier L" first="Ludovic" last="Vallier">Ludovic Vallier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verheij, Joanne" sort="Verheij, Joanne" uniqKey="Verheij J" first="Joanne" last="Verheij">Joanne Verheij</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vila, Arnau Vich" sort="Vila, Arnau Vich" uniqKey="Vila A" first="Arnau Vich" last="Vila">Arnau Vich Vila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vries, Boudewijn De" sort="Vries, Boudewijn De" uniqKey="Vries B" first="Boudewijn De" last="Vries">Boudewijn De Vries</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zachou, Kalliopi" sort="Zachou, Kalliopi" uniqKey="Zachou K" first="Kalliopi" last="Zachou">Kalliopi Zachou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Roger W" sort="Chapman, Roger W" uniqKey="Chapman R" first="Roger W" last="Chapman">Roger W. Chapman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Hepatology, John Radcliffe University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hepatology, John Radcliffe University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manns, Michael P" sort="Manns, Michael P" uniqKey="Manns M" first="Michael P" last="Manns">Michael P. Manns</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinzani, Massimo" sort="Pinzani, Massimo" uniqKey="Pinzani M" first="Massimo" last="Pinzani">Massimo Pinzani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rushbrook, Simon M" sort="Rushbrook, Simon M" uniqKey="Rushbrook S" first="Simon M" last="Rushbrook">Simon M. Rushbrook</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Konstantinos N" sort="Lazaridis, Konstantinos N" uniqKey="Lazaridis K" first="Konstantinos N" last="Lazaridis">Konstantinos N. Lazaridis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franke, Andre" sort="Franke, Andre" uniqKey="Franke A" first="Andre" last="Franke">Andre Franke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Carl A" sort="Anderson, Carl A" uniqKey="Anderson C" first="Carl A" last="Anderson">Carl A. Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karlsen, Tom H" sort="Karlsen, Tom H" uniqKey="Karlsen T" first="Tom H" last="Karlsen">Tom H. Karlsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ponsioen, Cyriel Y" sort="Ponsioen, Cyriel Y" uniqKey="Ponsioen C" first="Cyriel Y" last="Ponsioen">Cyriel Y. Ponsioen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weersma, Rinse K" sort="Weersma, Rinse K" uniqKey="Weersma R" first="Rinse K" last="Weersma">Rinse K. Weersma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28779025</idno><idno type="pmid">28779025</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313598</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC5797498</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000058</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000058</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000058</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000058</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Genetic association analysis identifies variants associated with disease progression in primary sclerosing cholangitis.</title><author><name sortKey="Alberts, Rudi" sort="Alberts, Rudi" uniqKey="Alberts R" first="Rudi" last="Alberts">Rudi Alberts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vries, Elisabeth M G" sort="De Vries, Elisabeth M G" uniqKey="De Vries E" first="Elisabeth M G" last="De Vries">Elisabeth M G. De Vries</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goode, Elizabeth C" sort="Goode, Elizabeth C" uniqKey="Goode E" first="Elizabeth C" last="Goode">Elizabeth C. Goode</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Xiaojun" sort="Jiang, Xiaojun" uniqKey="Jiang X" first="Xiaojun" last="Jiang">Xiaojun Jiang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sampaziotis, Fotis" sort="Sampaziotis, Fotis" uniqKey="Sampaziotis F" first="Fotis" last="Sampaziotis">Fotis Sampaziotis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rombouts, Krista" sort="Rombouts, Krista" uniqKey="Rombouts K" first="Krista" last="Rombouts">Krista Rombouts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottcher, Katrin" sort="Bottcher, Katrin" uniqKey="Bottcher K" first="Katrin" last="Böttcher">Katrin Böttcher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Folseraas, Trine" sort="Folseraas, Trine" uniqKey="Folseraas T" first="Trine" last="Folseraas">Trine Folseraas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weismuller, Tobias J" sort="Weismuller, Tobias J" uniqKey="Weismuller T" first="Tobias J" last="Weismüller">Tobias J. Weismüller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mason, Andrew L" sort="Mason, Andrew L" uniqKey="Mason A" first="Andrew L" last="Mason">Andrew L. Mason</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Weiwei" sort="Wang, Weiwei" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Weiwei" last="Wang">Weiwei Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Graeme" sort="Alexander, Graeme" uniqKey="Alexander G" first="Graeme" last="Alexander">Graeme Alexander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvaro, Domenico" sort="Alvaro, Domenico" uniqKey="Alvaro D" first="Domenico" last="Alvaro">Domenico Alvaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergquist, Annika" sort="Bergquist, Annika" uniqKey="Bergquist A" first="Annika" last="Bergquist">Annika Bergquist</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bjorkstrom, Niklas K" sort="Bjorkstrom, Niklas K" uniqKey="Bjorkstrom N" first="Niklas K" last="Björkström">Niklas K. Björkström</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beuers, Ulrich" sort="Beuers, Ulrich" uniqKey="Beuers U" first="Ulrich" last="Beuers">Ulrich Beuers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bjornsson, Einar" sort="Bjornsson, Einar" uniqKey="Bjornsson E" first="Einar" last="Björnsson">Einar Björnsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Islande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boberg, Kirsten Muri" sort="Boberg, Kirsten Muri" uniqKey="Boberg K" first="Kirsten Muri" last="Boberg">Kirsten Muri Boberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>K G Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>K G Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowlus, Christopher L" sort="Bowlus, Christopher L" uniqKey="Bowlus C" first="Christopher L" last="Bowlus">Christopher L. Bowlus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragazzi, Maria C" sort="Bragazzi, Maria C" uniqKey="Bragazzi M" first="Maria C" last="Bragazzi">Maria C. Bragazzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sapienza University of Rome, Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Sapienza University of Rome, Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Rome</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carbone, Marco" sort="Carbone, Marco" uniqKey="Carbone M" first="Marco" last="Carbone">Marco Carbone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chazouilleres, Olivier" sort="Chazouilleres, Olivier" uniqKey="Chazouilleres O" first="Olivier" last="Chazouillères">Olivier Chazouillères</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, Angela" sort="Cheung, Angela" uniqKey="Cheung A" first="Angela" last="Cheung">Angela Cheung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalekos, Georgios" sort="Dalekos, Georgios" uniqKey="Dalekos G" first="Georgios" last="Dalekos">Georgios Dalekos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eaton, John" sort="Eaton, John" uniqKey="Eaton J" first="John" last="Eaton">John Eaton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eksteen, Bertus" sort="Eksteen, Bertus" uniqKey="Eksteen B" first="Bertus" last="Eksteen">Bertus Eksteen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellinghaus, David" sort="Ellinghaus, David" uniqKey="Ellinghaus D" first="David" last="Ellinghaus">David Ellinghaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="F Rkkil, Martti" sort="F Rkkil, Martti" uniqKey="F Rkkil M" first="Martti" last="F Rkkil">Martti F Rkkil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Festen, Eleonora A M" sort="Festen, Eleonora A M" uniqKey="Festen E" first="Eleonora A M" last="Festen">Eleonora A M. Festen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Floreani, Annarosa" sort="Floreani, Annarosa" uniqKey="Floreani A" first="Annarosa" last="Floreani">Annarosa Floreani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franceschet, Irene" sort="Franceschet, Irene" uniqKey="Franceschet I" first="Irene" last="Franceschet">Irene Franceschet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gotthardt, Daniel Nils" sort="Gotthardt, Daniel Nils" uniqKey="Gotthardt D" first="Daniel Nils" last="Gotthardt">Daniel Nils Gotthardt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirschfield, Gideon M" sort="Hirschfield, Gideon M" uniqKey="Hirschfield G" first="Gideon M" last="Hirschfield">Gideon M. Hirschfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoek, Bart Van" sort="Hoek, Bart Van" uniqKey="Hoek B" first="Bart Van" last="Hoek">Bart Van Hoek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holm, Kristian" sort="Holm, Kristian" uniqKey="Holm K" first="Kristian" last="Holm">Kristian Holm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hohenester, Simon" sort="Hohenester, Simon" uniqKey="Hohenester S" first="Simon" last="Hohenester">Simon Hohenester</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine II, Liver Center Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine II, Liver Center Munich, University of Munich, Munich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hov, Johannes Roksund" sort="Hov, Johannes Roksund" uniqKey="Hov J" first="Johannes Roksund" last="Hov">Johannes Roksund Hov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Imhann, Floris" sort="Imhann, Floris" uniqKey="Imhann F" first="Floris" last="Imhann">Floris Imhann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Invernizzi, Pietro" sort="Invernizzi, Pietro" uniqKey="Invernizzi P" first="Pietro" last="Invernizzi">Pietro Invernizzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juran, Brian D" sort="Juran, Brian D" uniqKey="Juran B" first="Brian D" last="Juran">Brian D. Juran</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenzen, Henrike" sort="Lenzen, Henrike" uniqKey="Lenzen H" first="Henrike" last="Lenzen">Henrike Lenzen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lieb, Wolfgang" sort="Lieb, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Lieb W" first="Wolfgang" last="Lieb">Wolfgang Lieb</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Popgen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Popgen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jimmy Z" sort="Liu, Jimmy Z" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jimmy Z" last="Liu">Jimmy Z. Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marschall, Hanns Ulrich" sort="Marschall, Hanns Ulrich" uniqKey="Marschall H" first="Hanns-Ulrich" last="Marschall">Hanns-Ulrich Marschall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marzioni, Marco" sort="Marzioni, Marco" uniqKey="Marzioni M" first="Marco" last="Marzioni">Marco Marzioni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti University Hospital, Ancona, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti University Hospital, Ancona</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melum, Espen" sort="Melum, Espen" uniqKey="Melum E" first="Espen" last="Melum">Espen Melum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milkiewicz, Piotr" sort="Milkiewicz, Piotr" uniqKey="Milkiewicz P" first="Piotr" last="Milkiewicz">Piotr Milkiewicz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Tobias" sort="Muller, Tobias" uniqKey="Muller T" first="Tobias" last="Müller">Tobias Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pares, Albert" sort="Pares, Albert" uniqKey="Pares A" first="Albert" last="Pares">Albert Pares</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Liver Unit Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Liver Unit Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rupp, Christian" sort="Rupp, Christian" uniqKey="Rupp C" first="Christian" last="Rupp">Christian Rupp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rust, Christian" sort="Rust, Christian" uniqKey="Rust C" first="Christian" last="Rust">Christian Rust</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine I, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Munich, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine I, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Munich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sandford, Richard N" sort="Sandford, Richard N" uniqKey="Sandford R" first="Richard N" last="Sandford">Richard N. Sandford</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schramm, Christoph" sort="Schramm, Christoph" uniqKey="Schramm C" first="Christoph" last="Schramm">Christoph Schramm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schreiber, Stefan" sort="Schreiber, Stefan" uniqKey="Schreiber S" first="Stefan" last="Schreiber">Stefan Schreiber</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schrumpf, Erik" sort="Schrumpf, Erik" uniqKey="Schrumpf E" first="Erik" last="Schrumpf">Erik Schrumpf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silverberg, Mark S" sort="Silverberg, Mark S" uniqKey="Silverberg M" first="Mark S" last="Silverberg">Mark S. Silverberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Group Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Group Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Srivastava, Brijesh" sort="Srivastava, Brijesh" uniqKey="Srivastava B" first="Brijesh" last="Srivastava">Brijesh Srivastava</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sterneck, Martina" sort="Sterneck, Martina" uniqKey="Sterneck M" first="Martina" last="Sterneck">Martina Sterneck</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teufel, Andreas" sort="Teufel, Andreas" uniqKey="Teufel A" first="Andreas" last="Teufel">Andreas Teufel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1st Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>1st Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vallier, Ludovic" sort="Vallier, Ludovic" uniqKey="Vallier L" first="Ludovic" last="Vallier">Ludovic Vallier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verheij, Joanne" sort="Verheij, Joanne" uniqKey="Verheij J" first="Joanne" last="Verheij">Joanne Verheij</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vila, Arnau Vich" sort="Vila, Arnau Vich" uniqKey="Vila A" first="Arnau Vich" last="Vila">Arnau Vich Vila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vries, Boudewijn De" sort="Vries, Boudewijn De" uniqKey="Vries B" first="Boudewijn De" last="Vries">Boudewijn De Vries</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zachou, Kalliopi" sort="Zachou, Kalliopi" uniqKey="Zachou K" first="Kalliopi" last="Zachou">Kalliopi Zachou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Roger W" sort="Chapman, Roger W" uniqKey="Chapman R" first="Roger W" last="Chapman">Roger W. Chapman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Hepatology, John Radcliffe University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hepatology, John Radcliffe University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manns, Michael P" sort="Manns, Michael P" uniqKey="Manns M" first="Michael P" last="Manns">Michael P. Manns</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinzani, Massimo" sort="Pinzani, Massimo" uniqKey="Pinzani M" first="Massimo" last="Pinzani">Massimo Pinzani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rushbrook, Simon M" sort="Rushbrook, Simon M" uniqKey="Rushbrook S" first="Simon M" last="Rushbrook">Simon M. Rushbrook</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Konstantinos N" sort="Lazaridis, Konstantinos N" uniqKey="Lazaridis K" first="Konstantinos N" last="Lazaridis">Konstantinos N. Lazaridis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franke, Andre" sort="Franke, Andre" uniqKey="Franke A" first="Andre" last="Franke">Andre Franke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Carl A" sort="Anderson, Carl A" uniqKey="Anderson C" first="Carl A" last="Anderson">Carl A. Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karlsen, Tom H" sort="Karlsen, Tom H" uniqKey="Karlsen T" first="Tom H" last="Karlsen">Tom H. Karlsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ponsioen, Cyriel Y" sort="Ponsioen, Cyriel Y" uniqKey="Ponsioen C" first="Cyriel Y" last="Ponsioen">Cyriel Y. Ponsioen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weersma, Rinse K" sort="Weersma, Rinse K" uniqKey="Weersma R" first="Rinse K" last="Weersma">Rinse K. Weersma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Gut</title><idno type="eISSN">1468-3288</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Cholangitis, Sclerosing (genetics)</term><term>Cholangitis, Sclerosing (mortality)</term><term>Cholangitis, Sclerosing (pathology)</term><term>Cohort Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Disease Progression (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Kaplan-Meier Estimate (MeSH)</term><term>Logistic Models (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide (genetics)</term><term>Proportional Hazards Models (MeSH)</term><term>Thrombospondins (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Angiocholite sclérosante (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Angiocholite sclérosante (génétique)</term><term>Angiocholite sclérosante (mortalité)</term><term>Estimation de Kaplan-Meier (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Modèles des risques proportionnels (MeSH)</term><term>Modèles logistiques (MeSH)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple (génétique)</term><term>Thrombospondines (génétique)</term><term>Études de cohortes (MeSH)</term><term>Évolution de la maladie (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Thrombospondins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Angiocholite sclérosante</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Cholangitis, Sclerosing</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Angiocholite sclérosante</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term><term>Thrombospondines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Cholangitis, Sclerosing</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Angiocholite sclérosante</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cholangitis, Sclerosing</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Cohort Studies</term><term>Disease Progression</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</term><term>Logistic Models</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Proportional Hazards Models</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Estimation de Kaplan-Meier</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Modèles des risques proportionnels</term><term>Modèles logistiques</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Études de cohortes</term><term>Évolution de la maladie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b></p><p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a genetically complex, inflammatory bile duct disease of largely unknown aetiology often leading to liver transplantation or death. Little is known about the genetic contribution to the severity and progression of PSC. The aim of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with PSC disease progression and development of complications.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>DESIGN</b></p><p>We collected standardised PSC subphenotypes in a large cohort of 3402 patients with PSC. After quality control, we combined 130 422 single nucleotide polymorphisms of all patients-obtained using the Illumina immunochip-with their disease subphenotypes. Using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, we identified genetic variants associated with binary and time-to-event PSC subphenotypes.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>We identified genetic variant rs853974 to be associated with liver transplant-free survival (p=6.07×10</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>We present a large international PSC cohort, and report genetic loci associated with PSC disease progression. For liver transplant-free survival, we identified a genome-wide significant signal and demonstrated expression of the candidate gene </p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28779025</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>23</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>11</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1468-3288</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>67</Volume><Issue>8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>08</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Gut</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Gut</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Genetic association analysis identifies variants associated with disease progression in primary sclerosing cholangitis.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1517-1524</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313598</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE">Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a genetically complex, inflammatory bile duct disease of largely unknown aetiology often leading to liver transplantation or death. Little is known about the genetic contribution to the severity and progression of PSC. The aim of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with PSC disease progression and development of complications.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DESIGN">We collected standardised PSC subphenotypes in a large cohort of 3402 patients with PSC. After quality control, we combined 130 422 single nucleotide polymorphisms of all patients-obtained using the Illumina immunochip-with their disease subphenotypes. Using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, we identified genetic variants associated with binary and time-to-event PSC subphenotypes.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">We identified genetic variant rs853974 to be associated with liver transplant-free survival (p=6.07×10<sup>-9</sup>). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a 50.9% (95% CI 41.5% to 59.5%) transplant-free survival for homozygous AA allele carriers of rs853974 compared with 72.8% (95% CI 69.6% to 75.7%) for GG carriers at 10 years after PSC diagnosis. For the candidate gene in the region, <i>RSPO3</i>, we demonstrated expression in key liver-resident effector cells, such as human and murine cholangiocytes and human hepatic stellate cells.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">We present a large international PSC cohort, and report genetic loci associated with PSC disease progression. For liver transplant-free survival, we identified a genome-wide significant signal and demonstrated expression of the candidate gene <i>RSPO3</i> in key liver-resident effector cells. This warrants further assessments of the role of this potential key PSC modifier gene.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y"><LastName>Alberts</LastName><ForeName>Rudi</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y" EqualContrib="Y"><LastName>de Vries</LastName><ForeName>Elisabeth M G</ForeName><Initials>EMG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goode</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth C</ForeName><Initials>EC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jiang</LastName><ForeName>Xiaojun</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sampaziotis</LastName><ForeName>Fotis</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rombouts</LastName><ForeName>Krista</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Böttcher</LastName><ForeName>Katrin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Folseraas</LastName><ForeName>Trine</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weismüller</LastName><ForeName>Tobias J</ForeName><Initials>TJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mason</LastName><ForeName>Andrew L</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Weiwei</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alexander</LastName><ForeName>Graeme</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alvaro</LastName><ForeName>Domenico</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bergquist</LastName><ForeName>Annika</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Björkström</LastName><ForeName>Niklas K</ForeName><Initials>NK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Beuers</LastName><ForeName>Ulrich</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Björnsson</LastName><ForeName>Einar</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boberg</LastName><ForeName>Kirsten Muri</ForeName><Initials>KM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>K G Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bowlus</LastName><ForeName>Christopher L</ForeName><Initials>CL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bragazzi</LastName><ForeName>Maria C</ForeName><Initials>MC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sapienza University of Rome, Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carbone</LastName><ForeName>Marco</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chazouillères</LastName><ForeName>Olivier</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cheung</LastName><ForeName>Angela</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dalekos</LastName><ForeName>Georgios</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eaton</LastName><ForeName>John</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eksteen</LastName><ForeName>Bertus</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ellinghaus</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Färkkilä</LastName><ForeName>Martti</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Festen</LastName><ForeName>Eleonora A M</ForeName><Initials>EAM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Floreani</LastName><ForeName>Annarosa</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Franceschet</LastName><ForeName>Irene</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gotthardt</LastName><ForeName>Daniel Nils</ForeName><Initials>DN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hirschfield</LastName><ForeName>Gideon M</ForeName><Initials>GM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoek</LastName><ForeName>Bart van</ForeName><Initials>BV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Holm</LastName><ForeName>Kristian</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hohenester</LastName><ForeName>Simon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine II, Liver Center Munich, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hov</LastName><ForeName>Johannes Roksund</ForeName><Initials>JR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Imhann</LastName><ForeName>Floris</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Invernizzi</LastName><ForeName>Pietro</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Surgery, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Juran</LastName><ForeName>Brian D</ForeName><Initials>BD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lenzen</LastName><ForeName>Henrike</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lieb</LastName><ForeName>Wolfgang</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Popgen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Jimmy Z</ForeName><Initials>JZ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marschall</LastName><ForeName>Hanns-Ulrich</ForeName><Initials>HU</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marzioni</LastName><ForeName>Marco</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti University Hospital, Ancona, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Melum</LastName><ForeName>Espen</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Milkiewicz</LastName><ForeName>Piotr</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Müller</LastName><ForeName>Tobias</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pares</LastName><ForeName>Albert</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Liver Unit Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rupp</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rust</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine I, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Munich, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sandford</LastName><ForeName>Richard N</ForeName><Initials>RN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schramm</LastName><ForeName>Christoph</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schreiber</LastName><ForeName>Stefan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schrumpf</LastName><ForeName>Erik</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Silverberg</LastName><ForeName>Mark S</ForeName><Initials>MS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Group Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Srivastava</LastName><ForeName>Brijesh</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sterneck</LastName><ForeName>Martina</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Teufel</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1st Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vallier</LastName><ForeName>Ludovic</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Verheij</LastName><ForeName>Joanne</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vila</LastName><ForeName>Arnau Vich</ForeName><Initials>AV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vries</LastName><ForeName>Boudewijn de</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zachou</LastName><ForeName>Kalliopi</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>International PSC Study Group, The UK PSC Consortium</CollectiveName></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chapman</LastName><ForeName>Roger W</ForeName><Initials>RW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Hepatology, John Radcliffe University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Manns</LastName><ForeName>Michael P</ForeName><Initials>MP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx) Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pinzani</LastName><ForeName>Massimo</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rushbrook</LastName><ForeName>Simon M</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lazaridis</LastName><ForeName>Konstantinos N</ForeName><Initials>KN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Franke</LastName><ForeName>Andre</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anderson</LastName><ForeName>Carl A</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karlsen</LastName><ForeName>Tom H</ForeName><Initials>TH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ponsioen</LastName><ForeName>Cyriel Y</ForeName><Initials>CY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weersma</LastName><ForeName>Rinse K</ForeName><Initials>RK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>MC_PC_12009</GrantID><Acronym>MRC_</Acronym><Agency>Medical Research Council</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>MR/L016761/1</GrantID><Acronym>MRC_</Acronym><Agency>Medical Research Council</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>NC/N001540/1</GrantID><Agency>National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 DK084960</GrantID><Acronym>DK</Acronym><Agency>NIDDK NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>04</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Gut</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>2985108R</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0017-5749</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C475438">RSPO3 protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019699">Thrombospondins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015209" MajorTopicYN="N">Cholangitis, Sclerosing</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015331" MajorTopicYN="N">Cohort Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018450" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Progression</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053208" MajorTopicYN="N">Kaplan-Meier Estimate</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016015" MajorTopicYN="N">Logistic Models</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020641" MajorTopicYN="N">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016016" MajorTopicYN="N">Proportional Hazards Models</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019699" MajorTopicYN="N">Thrombospondins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Primary sclerosing cholangitis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">liver transplantation</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Competing interests: None declared.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2017</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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