Means used for terrestrial rabies elimination in France and policy for rabies surveillance in case of Re-emergence
Identifieur interne : 000039 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000038; suivant : 000040Means used for terrestrial rabies elimination in France and policy for rabies surveillance in case of Re-emergence
Auteurs : F. Cliquet [France] ; B. Combes [France] ; J. Barrat [France]Source :
- Developments in biologicals [ 1424-6074 ] ; 2006.
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Abstract
In France, the first case of wildlife rabies was detected in 1968, with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as reservoir and vector of terrestrial rabies. The last case was reported at the end of 1998. The maximum infected area amounted to 140,000 km2 in 1989 with a record number of 4,213 infected wild and domestic animals. The contaminated areas included various landscapes such as low populated farming areas and low mountainous areas as well as very densely populated areas and industrial areas contiguously urbanised. Oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies was implemented in 1986 and 1987 on limited areas treated by hand distribution and then helicopter distribution was implemented in 1988. The control of wildlife rabies was centralised at the country level in one institute for elaboration of baiting strategies, rabies surveillance network, laboratory investigations such as tetracycline and serological testing, vaccine titration and rabies diagnosis. Oral vaccination campaigns were organised in spring and in autumn by dropping annually 40 baits/km2. The following vaccine baits were used: SAD B19 from 1986 to 1992, SAG1/SAG2 from 1990 to 2003 and VRG from 1989 to 2003. A cost analysis study of the system of oral vaccination implemented in France demonstrated that it is beneficial compared to the traditional expenses of rabies control. Animal rabies prophylaxis has been progressively adapted to the disease free status of the country; the surveillance network for rabies is still working and an emergency procedure is in place in the event of a re-emergence of the disease in the context of high density fox populations.
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Barrat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Community Reference Laboratory for Rabies Serology, AFSSA</s1><s2>Malzéville</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Malzéville</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>AFSSA</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Malzéville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">07-0046233</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 07-0046233 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:07-0046233</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000045</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000043</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000039</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000039</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Means used for terrestrial rabies elimination in France and policy for rabies surveillance in case of Re-emergence</title><author><name sortKey="Cliquet, F" sort="Cliquet, F" uniqKey="Cliquet F" first="F." last="Cliquet">F. Cliquet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Community Reference Laboratory for Rabies Serology, AFSSA</s1><s2>Malzéville</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Malzéville</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>AFSSA</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Malzéville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Combes, B" sort="Combes, B" uniqKey="Combes B" first="B." last="Combes">B. Combes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Entente interdépartementale de lutte contre la rage et autres zoonoses</s1><s2>Malzéville</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Malzéville</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Entente interdépartementale de lutte contre la rage et autres zoonoses</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Entente interdépartementale de lutte contre la rage et autres zoonoses</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrat, J" sort="Barrat, J" uniqKey="Barrat J" first="J." last="Barrat">J. Barrat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Community Reference Laboratory for Rabies Serology, AFSSA</s1><s2>Malzéville</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Malzéville</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>AFSSA</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Malzéville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Developments in biologicals</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Dev. biol.</title><idno type="ISSN">1424-6074</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Developments in biologicals</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Dev. biol.</title><idno type="ISSN">1424-6074</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Eradication</term><term>France</term><term>Prevention</term><term>Rabies</term><term>Rabies virus</term><term>Reservoir</term><term>Sanitary surveillance</term><term>Vulpes vulpes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus rage</term><term>Vulpes vulpes</term><term>France</term><term>Surveillance sanitaire</term><term>Eradication</term><term>Réservoir</term><term>Prévention</term><term>Rage</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>France</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Rage</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In France, the first case of wildlife rabies was detected in 1968, with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as reservoir and vector of terrestrial rabies. The last case was reported at the end of 1998. The maximum infected area amounted to 140,000 km<sup>2</sup> in 1989 with a record number of 4,213 infected wild and domestic animals. The contaminated areas included various landscapes such as low populated farming areas and low mountainous areas as well as very densely populated areas and industrial areas contiguously urbanised. Oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies was implemented in 1986 and 1987 on limited areas treated by hand distribution and then helicopter distribution was implemented in 1988. The control of wildlife rabies was centralised at the country level in one institute for elaboration of baiting strategies, rabies surveillance network, laboratory investigations such as tetracycline and serological testing, vaccine titration and rabies diagnosis. Oral vaccination campaigns were organised in spring and in autumn by dropping annually 40 baits/km<sup>2</sup>. The following vaccine baits were used: SAD B19 from 1986 to 1992, SAG1/SAG2 from 1990 to 2003 and VRG from 1989 to 2003. A cost analysis study of the system of oral vaccination implemented in France demonstrated that it is beneficial compared to the traditional expenses of rabies control. Animal rabies prophylaxis has been progressively adapted to the disease free status of the country; the surveillance network for rabies is still working and an emergency procedure is in place in the event of a re-emergence of the disease in the context of high density fox populations.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>1424-6074</s0></fA01><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Dev. biol.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>125</s2></fA05><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Means used for terrestrial rabies elimination in France and policy for rabies surveillance in case of Re-emergence</s1></fA08><fA09 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>First international conference on rabies in Europe, Kiev, 15-18 June, 2005</s1></fA09><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>CLIQUET (F.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>COMBES (B.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>BARRAT (J.)</s1></fA11><fA12 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>DODET (Betty)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>SCHUDEL (Alejandro)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>PASTORET (Paul-Pierre)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>LOMBARD (Michel)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA14 i1="01"><s1>WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Community Reference Laboratory for Rabies Serology, AFSSA</s1><s2>Malzéville</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Entente interdépartementale de lutte contre la rage et autres zoonoses</s1><s2>Malzéville</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA15 i1="01"><s1>Dodet Biosciences</s1><s2>Lyon</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="02"><s1>World Organisation for Animal Health - OIE</s1><s2>Paris</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="03"><s1>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)</s1><s2>Fontin</s2><s3>BEL</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="04"><s1>International Association for Biologicals (IABs)</s1><s2>Geneva</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA18 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>World Organisation for Animal Health</s1><s2>Paris</s2><s3>FRA</s3><s9>org-cong.</s9></fA18><fA20><s1>119-126</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2006</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>13557</s2><s5>354000158924420160</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>21 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>07-0046233</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1><s2>C</s2></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Developments in biologicals</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>CHE</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>In France, the first case of wildlife rabies was detected in 1968, with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as reservoir and vector of terrestrial rabies. The last case was reported at the end of 1998. The maximum infected area amounted to 140,000 km<sup>2</sup> in 1989 with a record number of 4,213 infected wild and domestic animals. The contaminated areas included various landscapes such as low populated farming areas and low mountainous areas as well as very densely populated areas and industrial areas contiguously urbanised. Oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies was implemented in 1986 and 1987 on limited areas treated by hand distribution and then helicopter distribution was implemented in 1988. The control of wildlife rabies was centralised at the country level in one institute for elaboration of baiting strategies, rabies surveillance network, laboratory investigations such as tetracycline and serological testing, vaccine titration and rabies diagnosis. Oral vaccination campaigns were organised in spring and in autumn by dropping annually 40 baits/km<sup>2</sup>. The following vaccine baits were used: SAD B19 from 1986 to 1992, SAG1/SAG2 from 1990 to 2003 and VRG from 1989 to 2003. A cost analysis study of the system of oral vaccination implemented in France demonstrated that it is beneficial compared to the traditional expenses of rabies control. Animal rabies prophylaxis has been progressively adapted to the disease free status of the country; the surveillance network for rabies is still working and an emergency procedure is in place in the event of a re-emergence of the disease in the context of high density fox populations.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A05C06</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus rage</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Rabies virus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Rabies virus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Vulpes vulpes</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Vulpes vulpes</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Vulpes vulpes</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>France</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>France</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Francia</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Surveillance sanitaire</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sanitary surveillance</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Vigilancia sanitaria</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Eradication</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Eradication</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Erradicación</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Réservoir</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Reservoir</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Depósito</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Prévention</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Prevention</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Prevención</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Rage</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Rabies</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Rabia</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Lyssavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Lyssavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Lyssavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Rhabdoviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Rhabdoviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Rhabdoviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Mononegavirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Mononegavirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Mononegavirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Fissipedia</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Fissipedia</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Fissipedia</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Carnivora</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Carnivora</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Carnivora</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Mammalia</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Mammalia</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Mammalia</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Vertebrata</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Vertebrata</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Vertebrata</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Europe</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Europe</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Europa</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Epidémiologie</s0><s5>13</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Epidemiology</s0><s5>13</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Epidemiología</s0><s5>13</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virose</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral disease</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virosis</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0></fC07><fN21><s1>029</s1></fN21></pA><pR><fA30 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>International conference on rabies in Europe</s1><s2>1</s2><s3>Kiev UKR</s3><s4>2005-06-15</s4></fA30></pR></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li></country></list><tree><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cliquet, F" sort="Cliquet, F" uniqKey="Cliquet F" first="F." last="Cliquet">F. Cliquet</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Barrat, J" sort="Barrat, J" uniqKey="Barrat J" first="J." last="Barrat">J. Barrat</name><name sortKey="Combes, B" sort="Combes, B" uniqKey="Combes B" first="B." last="Combes">B. Combes</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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