Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation
Identifieur interne : 001384 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001383; suivant : 001385Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation
Auteurs : Marcus Clauss ; Helen Kleffner ; Ellen KienzleSource :
- Zoo Biology [ 0733-3188 ] ; 2010-11.
English descriptors
Abstract
Estimating the energy content is the first step in diet formulation, as it determines the amount of food eaten and hence the concentration of nutrients required to meet the animal's requirements. Additionally, being able to estimate the energy content of a diet empirically known to maintain body condition in an animal will facilitate an estimation of maintenance energy requirements. We collated data on nutrient composition of diets fed to captive wild canids, felids, hyenids, mustelids, pinnipeds, and ursids and the digestibility coefficients from the literature (45 species, 74 publications) to test whether differences in protein and fat digestibility could be detected between species groups, and whether approaches suggested for the estimation of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content in domestic carnivores (NRC [2006] Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.) can be applied to wild carnivores as well. Regressions of digestible protein or fat content vs. the crude protein (CP) or fat content indicated no relevant differences in the digestive physiology between the carnivore groups. For diets based on raw meat, fish, or whole prey, applying the calculation of ME using “Atwater factors” (16.7 kJ/g CP; 16.7 kJ/g nitrogen‐free extracts; 37.7 kJ/g crude fat) provided estimates that compared well to experimental results. This study suggests that ME estimation in such diets is feasible without additional digestion trials. For comparative nutrition research, the study implicates that highly digestible diets typically fed in zoos offer little potential to elucidate differences between species or carnivore groups, but research on diets with higher proportions of difficult‐to‐digest components (fiber, connective tissues) is lacking. Zoo Biol 29:687–704, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20302
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation</title><author><name sortKey="Clauss, Marcus" sort="Clauss, Marcus" uniqKey="Clauss M" first="Marcus" last="Clauss">Marcus Clauss</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleffner, Helen" sort="Kleffner, Helen" uniqKey="Kleffner H" first="Helen" last="Kleffner">Helen Kleffner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kienzle, Ellen" sort="Kienzle, Ellen" uniqKey="Kienzle E" first="Ellen" last="Kienzle">Ellen Kienzle</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/zoo.20302</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001384</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001384</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation</title><author><name sortKey="Clauss, Marcus" sort="Clauss, Marcus" uniqKey="Clauss M" first="Marcus" last="Clauss">Marcus Clauss</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleffner, Helen" sort="Kleffner, Helen" uniqKey="Kleffner H" first="Helen" last="Kleffner">Helen Kleffner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kienzle, Ellen" sort="Kienzle, Ellen" uniqKey="Kienzle E" first="Ellen" last="Kienzle">Ellen Kienzle</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Zoo Biology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Zoo Biol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0733-3188</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-2361</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-11">2010-11</date><biblScope unit="volume">29</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="687">687</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="704">704</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0733-3188</idno></series><idno type="istex">09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/zoo.20302</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ZOO20302</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0733-3188</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>canid</term><term>digestion</term><term>felid</term><term>hyenid</term><term>mustelid</term><term>nutrition</term><term>pinniped</term><term>ursid</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Estimating the energy content is the first step in diet formulation, as it determines the amount of food eaten and hence the concentration of nutrients required to meet the animal's requirements. Additionally, being able to estimate the energy content of a diet empirically known to maintain body condition in an animal will facilitate an estimation of maintenance energy requirements. We collated data on nutrient composition of diets fed to captive wild canids, felids, hyenids, mustelids, pinnipeds, and ursids and the digestibility coefficients from the literature (45 species, 74 publications) to test whether differences in protein and fat digestibility could be detected between species groups, and whether approaches suggested for the estimation of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content in domestic carnivores (NRC [2006] Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.) can be applied to wild carnivores as well. Regressions of digestible protein or fat content vs. the crude protein (CP) or fat content indicated no relevant differences in the digestive physiology between the carnivore groups. For diets based on raw meat, fish, or whole prey, applying the calculation of ME using “Atwater factors” (16.7 kJ/g CP; 16.7 kJ/g nitrogen‐free extracts; 37.7 kJ/g crude fat) provided estimates that compared well to experimental results. This study suggests that ME estimation in such diets is feasible without additional digestion trials. For comparative nutrition research, the study implicates that highly digestible diets typically fed in zoos offer little potential to elucidate differences between species or carnivore groups, but research on diets with higher proportions of difficult‐to‐digest components (fiber, connective tissues) is lacking. Zoo Biol 29:687–704, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Marcus Clauss</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</json:string><json:string>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Helen Kleffner</name><affiliations><json:string>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ellen Kienzle</name><affiliations><json:string>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>canid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>felid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>hyenid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mustelid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pinniped</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ursid</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>nutrition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>digestion</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ZOO20302</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Estimating the energy content is the first step in diet formulation, as it determines the amount of food eaten and hence the concentration of nutrients required to meet the animal's requirements. Additionally, being able to estimate the energy content of a diet empirically known to maintain body condition in an animal will facilitate an estimation of maintenance energy requirements. We collated data on nutrient composition of diets fed to captive wild canids, felids, hyenids, mustelids, pinnipeds, and ursids and the digestibility coefficients from the literature (45 species, 74 publications) to test whether differences in protein and fat digestibility could be detected between species groups, and whether approaches suggested for the estimation of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content in domestic carnivores (NRC [2006] Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.) can be applied to wild carnivores as well. Regressions of digestible protein or fat content vs. the crude protein (CP) or fat content indicated no relevant differences in the digestive physiology between the carnivore groups. For diets based on raw meat, fish, or whole prey, applying the calculation of ME using “Atwater factors” (16.7 kJ/g CP; 16.7 kJ/g nitrogen‐free extracts; 37.7 kJ/g crude fat) provided estimates that compared well to experimental results. This study suggests that ME estimation in such diets is feasible without additional digestion trials. For comparative nutrition research, the study implicates that highly digestible diets typically fed in zoos offer little potential to elucidate differences between species or carnivore groups, but research on diets with higher proportions of difficult‐to‐digest components (fiber, connective tissues) is lacking. Zoo Biol 29:687–704, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>493.228 x 720 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1844</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>7123</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>45396</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>18</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>266</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>29</volume><publisherId><json:string>ZOO</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>18</total><last>704</last><first>687</first></pages><issn><json:string>0733-3188</json:string></issn><issue>6</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1098-2361</json:string></eissn><title>Zoo Biology</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2361</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>zoology</json:string><json:string>veterinary sciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>psychology & cognitive sciences</json:string><json:string>behavioral science & comparative psychology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/zoo.20302</json:string></doi><id>09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567</id><score>0.068250485</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><p>© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></availability><date>2010</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Marcus</forename><surname>Clauss</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><affiliation>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Helen</forename><surname>Kleffner</surname></persName><affiliation>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Ellen</forename><surname>Kienzle</surname></persName><affiliation>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Zoo Biology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Zoo Biol.</title><idno type="pISSN">0733-3188</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-2361</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2361</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-11"></date><biblScope unit="volume">29</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="687">687</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="704">704</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/zoo.20302</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ZOO20302</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Estimating the energy content is the first step in diet formulation, as it determines the amount of food eaten and hence the concentration of nutrients required to meet the animal's requirements. Additionally, being able to estimate the energy content of a diet empirically known to maintain body condition in an animal will facilitate an estimation of maintenance energy requirements. We collated data on nutrient composition of diets fed to captive wild canids, felids, hyenids, mustelids, pinnipeds, and ursids and the digestibility coefficients from the literature (45 species, 74 publications) to test whether differences in protein and fat digestibility could be detected between species groups, and whether approaches suggested for the estimation of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content in domestic carnivores (NRC [2006] Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.) can be applied to wild carnivores as well. Regressions of digestible protein or fat content vs. the crude protein (CP) or fat content indicated no relevant differences in the digestive physiology between the carnivore groups. For diets based on raw meat, fish, or whole prey, applying the calculation of ME using “Atwater factors” (16.7 kJ/g CP; 16.7 kJ/g nitrogen‐free extracts; 37.7 kJ/g crude fat) provided estimates that compared well to experimental results. This study suggests that ME estimation in such diets is feasible without additional digestion trials. For comparative nutrition research, the study implicates that highly digestible diets typically fed in zoos offer little potential to elucidate differences between species or carnivore groups, but research on diets with higher proportions of difficult‐to‐digest components (fiber, connective tissues) is lacking. Zoo Biol 29:687–704, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>canid</term></item><item><term>felid</term></item><item><term>hyenid</term></item><item><term>mustelid</term></item><item><term>pinniped</term></item><item><term>ursid</term></item><item><term>nutrition</term></item><item><term>digestion</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-02-20">Received</change><change when="2009-12-08">Registration</change><change when="2010-11">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2361</doi><issn type="print">0733-3188</issn><issn type="electronic">1098-2361</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ZOO"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="ZOO BIOLOGY">Zoo Biology</title><title type="short">Zoo Biol.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="60"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/zoo.v29.6</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="29">29</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">6</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2010-11">November/December 2010</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="3" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/zoo.20302</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ZOO20302"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="18"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2009-02-20"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2009-11-25"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2009-12-08"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-12-23"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAcceptedOrEarlyUnpaginated" date="2010-01-13"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.4.2 mode:FullText" date="2010-12-23"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-12-23"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-11"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-04"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">687</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">704</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ZOO.ZOO20302.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="7"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="4"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="105"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Digestion and Energy in Carnivores</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Marcus</givenNames><familyName>Clauss</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>mclauss@vetclinics.uzh.ch</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Helen</givenNames><familyName>Kleffner</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Ellen</givenNames><familyName>Kienzle</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="CH" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">canid</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">felid</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">hyenid</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">mustelid</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">pinniped</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">ursid</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd7">nutrition</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd8">digestion</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Estimating the energy content is the first step in diet formulation, as it determines the amount of food eaten and hence the concentration of nutrients required to meet the animal's requirements. Additionally, being able to estimate the energy content of a diet empirically known to maintain body condition in an animal will facilitate an estimation of maintenance energy requirements. We collated data on nutrient composition of diets fed to captive wild canids, felids, hyenids, mustelids, pinnipeds, and ursids and the digestibility coefficients from the literature (45 species, 74 publications) to test whether differences in protein and fat digestibility could be detected between species groups, and whether approaches suggested for the estimation of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content in domestic carnivores (NRC [2006] Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.) can be applied to wild carnivores as well. Regressions of digestible protein or fat content vs. the crude protein (CP) or fat content indicated no relevant differences in the digestive physiology between the carnivore groups. For diets based on raw meat, fish, or whole prey, applying the calculation of ME using “Atwater factors” (16.7 kJ/g CP; 16.7 kJ/g nitrogen‐free extracts; 37.7 kJ/g crude fat) provided estimates that compared well to experimental results. This study suggests that ME estimation in such diets is feasible without additional digestion trials. For comparative nutrition research, the study implicates that highly digestible diets typically fed in zoos offer little potential to elucidate differences between species or carnivore groups, but research on diets with higher proportions of difficult‐to‐digest components (fiber, connective tissues) is lacking. Zoo Biol 29:687–704, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Digestion and Energy in Carnivores</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marcus</namePart><namePart type="family">Clauss</namePart><affiliation>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><affiliation>Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Helen</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleffner</namePart><affiliation>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ellen</namePart><namePart type="family">Kienzle</namePart><affiliation>Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwigs‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Munich, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-11</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2009-02-20</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2009-12-08</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">7</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="references">105</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Estimating the energy content is the first step in diet formulation, as it determines the amount of food eaten and hence the concentration of nutrients required to meet the animal's requirements. Additionally, being able to estimate the energy content of a diet empirically known to maintain body condition in an animal will facilitate an estimation of maintenance energy requirements. We collated data on nutrient composition of diets fed to captive wild canids, felids, hyenids, mustelids, pinnipeds, and ursids and the digestibility coefficients from the literature (45 species, 74 publications) to test whether differences in protein and fat digestibility could be detected between species groups, and whether approaches suggested for the estimation of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content in domestic carnivores (NRC [2006] Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.) can be applied to wild carnivores as well. Regressions of digestible protein or fat content vs. the crude protein (CP) or fat content indicated no relevant differences in the digestive physiology between the carnivore groups. For diets based on raw meat, fish, or whole prey, applying the calculation of ME using “Atwater factors” (16.7 kJ/g CP; 16.7 kJ/g nitrogen‐free extracts; 37.7 kJ/g crude fat) provided estimates that compared well to experimental results. This study suggests that ME estimation in such diets is feasible without additional digestion trials. For comparative nutrition research, the study implicates that highly digestible diets typically fed in zoos offer little potential to elucidate differences between species or carnivore groups, but research on diets with higher proportions of difficult‐to‐digest components (fiber, connective tissues) is lacking. Zoo Biol 29:687–704, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>canid</topic><topic>felid</topic><topic>hyenid</topic><topic>mustelid</topic><topic>pinniped</topic><topic>ursid</topic><topic>nutrition</topic><topic>digestion</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Zoo Biology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Zoo Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0733-3188</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1098-2361</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2361</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ZOO</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>29</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>687</start><end>704</end><total>18</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/zoo.20302</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ZOO20302</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Bois/explor/RenardV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001384 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001384 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Bois
|area= RenardV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:09A8336C78E7D4008337AA390EB5A6CC306E3567
|texte= Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.27. |  |