Evidence of an Edge Effect on Avian Nest Success
Identifieur interne : 001335 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001334; suivant : 001336Evidence of an Edge Effect on Avian Nest Success
Auteurs : Péter Batáry ; András BáldiSource :
- Conservation Biology [ 0888-8892 ] ; 2004-04.
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Abstract
Abstract: Habitat fragmentation may modify ecological patterns by increasing the importance of edge effects, including elevating rates of predation on avian nests. Conventional wisdom suggests an increased rate of predation along habitat edges, and previous reviews support this view. These reviews did not apply recent statistical approaches, however, and some were based on a small number of studies. In our meta‐analysis of 64 nest‐predation experiments, our results supported prior reviews of the general pattern of increased nest predation along habitat edges ( p < 0.01). We separated studies into ecologically relevant categories and found the following patterns: (1) Edge effects were more pronounced in North America and northwestern Europe than in central Europe or Central America. This result may be biased, however, by the different habitats studied in the regions. (2) Marshes and deciduous forests had significant edge effects, whereas edge effects were not apparent in coniferous forests, tropical forests, or fields. (3) Ground and natural nest studies were more likely to exhibit edge effects. (4) Edge effects were detected in studies that used quail eggs and real eggs. (5) Edge effects were not significant when artificial nests were exposed for typical incubation periods, but were significant for shorter exposures. Three alternative hypotheses may explain increased nest predation along edges. The edge‐effects hypothesis states that increased nest losses along edges are the result of the habitat discontinuity. The landscape‐structure hypothesis states that more fragmented landscapes are more heavily depredated by nest predators. The human‐disturbance hypothesis states that near anthropogenic edges increased nest predation is related to human activities. Nest‐predation experiments should be placed in a landscape context to reveal differences between the hypotheses.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00184.x
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ISTEX:D136CE7C14157FF4F1EFA9076DCBC57469F6215ELe document en format XML
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Conventional wisdom suggests an increased rate of predation along habitat edges, and previous reviews support this view. These reviews did not apply recent statistical approaches, however, and some were based on a small number of studies. In our meta‐analysis of 64 nest‐predation experiments, our results supported prior reviews of the general pattern of increased nest predation along habitat edges ( p < 0.01). We separated studies into ecologically relevant categories and found the following patterns: (1) Edge effects were more pronounced in North America and northwestern Europe than in central Europe or Central America. This result may be biased, however, by the different habitats studied in the regions. (2) Marshes and deciduous forests had significant edge effects, whereas edge effects were not apparent in coniferous forests, tropical forests, or fields. (3) Ground and natural nest studies were more likely to exhibit edge effects. (4) Edge effects were detected in studies that used quail eggs and real eggs. (5) Edge effects were not significant when artificial nests were exposed for typical incubation periods, but were significant for shorter exposures. Three alternative hypotheses may explain increased nest predation along edges. The edge‐effects hypothesis states that increased nest losses along edges are the result of the habitat discontinuity. The landscape‐structure hypothesis states that more fragmented landscapes are more heavily depredated by nest predators. The human‐disturbance hypothesis states that near anthropogenic edges increased nest predation is related to human activities. Nest‐predation experiments should be placed in a landscape context to reveal differences between the hypotheses.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>PÉTER BATÁRY</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2, Budapest, H‐1083, Hungary</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>ANDRÁS BÁLDI</name><affiliations><json:string>Animal Ecology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2, Budapest, H‐1083, Hungary, email baldi@nhmus.hu</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>edge type</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>edge width</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>effect 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type="first">ANDRÁS</forename><surname>BÁLDI</surname></persName><affiliation>Animal Ecology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2, Budapest, H‐1083, Hungary, email baldi@nhmus.hu</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Conservation Biology</title><idno type="pISSN">0888-8892</idno><idno type="eISSN">1523-1739</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Science Inc</publisher><pubPlace>350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK .</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2004-04"></date><biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="389">389</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="400">400</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">D136CE7C14157FF4F1EFA9076DCBC57469F6215E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00184.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">COBI184</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2004</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Abstract: Habitat fragmentation may modify ecological patterns by increasing the importance of edge effects, including elevating rates of predation on avian nests. Conventional wisdom suggests an increased rate of predation along habitat edges, and previous reviews support this view. These reviews did not apply recent statistical approaches, however, and some were based on a small number of studies. In our meta‐analysis of 64 nest‐predation experiments, our results supported prior reviews of the general pattern of increased nest predation along habitat edges ( p < 0.01). We separated studies into ecologically relevant categories and found the following patterns: (1) Edge effects were more pronounced in North America and northwestern Europe than in central Europe or Central America. This result may be biased, however, by the different habitats studied in the regions. (2) Marshes and deciduous forests had significant edge effects, whereas edge effects were not apparent in coniferous forests, tropical forests, or fields. (3) Ground and natural nest studies were more likely to exhibit edge effects. (4) Edge effects were detected in studies that used quail eggs and real eggs. (5) Edge effects were not significant when artificial nests were exposed for typical incubation periods, but were significant for shorter exposures. Three alternative hypotheses may explain increased nest predation along edges. The edge‐effects hypothesis states that increased nest losses along edges are the result of the habitat discontinuity. The landscape‐structure hypothesis states that more fragmented landscapes are more heavily depredated by nest predators. The human‐disturbance hypothesis states that near anthropogenic edges increased nest predation is related to human activities. Nest‐predation experiments should be placed in a landscape context to reveal differences between the hypotheses.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="es"><p>Resumen: La fragmentación del hábitat puede modificar patrones ecológicos al incrementar la importancia de los efectos de borde, incluyendo el incremento de las tasas de depredación de nidos de aves. Convencionalmente se cree que existiría un incremento en la tasa de depredación a lo largo de los bordes de hábitat y revisiones previas apoyan esta opinión. Sin embargo, estas revisiones no aplicaron métodos estadísticos recientes y algunos se basaron en un número pequeño de estudios. En nuestro meta‐análisis de 64 experimentos de depredación de nidos, nuestros resultados apoyaron revisiones previas del patrón general de incremento de depredación de nidos a lo largo de bordes de hábitat ( p < 0.01). Separamos a los estudios en categorías ecológicamente relevantes y encontramos los siguientes patrones. (1) Los efectos de borde fueron más pronunciados en Norte América y el noroeste de Europa que en Europa central o América Central. Sin embargo, este resultado puede estar sesgado debido a los diferentes hábitats estudiados en las regiones. (2) Las marismas y los bosques deciduos tuvieron efectos de borde significativos, mientras que los efectos de borde no fueron aparentes en bosques de coníferas, bosques tropicales o campos. (3) Estudios de nidos naturales y terrestres fueron más propensos a presentar efectos de borde. (4) Se detectaron efectos de borde en estudios que utilizaron huevos de codorniz y huevos reales. (5) Los efectos de borde no fueron significativos cuando se expusieron nidos artificiales por períodos de incubación típicos, pero fueron significativos para exposiciones más cortas. Hay tres hipótesis alternativas que pueden explicar el incremento de depredación a lo largo de bordes. La hipótesis de los efectos de borde enuncia que el aumento en la pérdida de nidos a lo largo de bordes es el resultado de la discontinuidad del hábitat. La hipótesis de la estructura del paisaje enuncia que los paisajes más fragmentados son depredados más intensamente por los depredadores de nidos y la hipótesis de perturbación humana señala que el incremento de depredación de nidos cerca de bordes antropogénicos está relacionado con estas actividades. Los experimentos de depredación de nidos deberían ser colocados en un contexto de paisaje para descubrir las diferencias entre las hipótesis.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>edge type</term></item><item><term>edge width</term></item><item><term>effect size</term></item><item><term>landscape type</term></item><item><term>nest predation</term></item><item><term>review</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>amplitud de borde</term></item><item><term>depredación de nidos</term></item><item><term>efecto de tamaño</term></item><item><term>revisión</term></item><item><term>tipo de borde</term></item><item><term>tipo de paisaje</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2004-04">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D136CE7C14157FF4F1EFA9076DCBC57469F6215E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Science Inc</publisherName><publisherLoc> 350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . </publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739</doi><issn type="print">0888-8892</issn><issn type="electronic">1523-1739</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="COBI"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="CONSERVATION BIOLOGY">Conservation Biology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="04002"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/cbi.2004.18.issue-2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="18">18</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="2">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2004-04">April 2004</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="17" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00184.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="COBI184"></id><id type="supplier" value="cbi184"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="12"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1"><i>Conservation Focus</i></title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2004-03-19"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2004-03-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.5 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-04-07"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-15"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-16"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="389">389</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="400">400</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>‡ Address correspondence to A. Báldi.</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:COBI.COBI184.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Paper submitted April 30, 2002; revised manuscript accepted November 4, 2003.</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="3"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="78"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="206"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Evidence of an Edge Effect on Avian Nest Success</title><title type="shortAuthors"><i>Batáry & Báldi</i></title><title type="short"><i>Edge Effects on Nest Success</i></title><title type="main" xml:lang="es"><!--xml:lang="es" added by WileyML 3Gv2 convertor-->Evidencia de un Efecto de Borde Sobre el Éxito de Nidos de Aves</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>PÉTER</givenNames><familyName>BATÁRY</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>ANDRÁS</givenNames><familyName>BÁLDI</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="HU"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2, Budapest, H‐1083, Hungary</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="HU"><unparsedAffiliation> Animal Ecology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2, Budapest, H‐1083, Hungary, email <email>baldi@nhmus.hu</email></unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">edge type</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">edge width</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">effect size</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">landscape type</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">nest predation</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">review</keyword></keywordGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k7">amplitud de borde</keyword><keyword xml:id="k8">depredación de nidos</keyword><keyword xml:id="k9">efecto de tamaño</keyword><keyword xml:id="k10">revisión</keyword><keyword xml:id="k11">tipo de borde</keyword><keyword xml:id="k12">tipo de paisaje</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Abstract: </b> <i>Habitat fragmentation may modify ecological patterns by increasing the importance of edge effects, including elevating rates of predation on avian nests. Conventional wisdom suggests an increased rate of predation along habitat edges, and previous reviews support this view. These reviews did not apply recent statistical approaches, however, and some were based on a small number of studies. In our meta‐analysis of 64 nest‐predation experiments, our results supported prior reviews of the general pattern of increased nest predation along habitat edges ( p < 0.01). We separated studies into ecologically relevant categories and found the following patterns: (1) Edge effects were more pronounced in North America and northwestern Europe than in central Europe or Central America. This result may be biased, however, by the different habitats studied in the regions. (2) Marshes and deciduous forests had significant edge effects, whereas edge effects were not apparent in coniferous forests, tropical forests, or fields. (3) Ground and natural nest studies were more likely to exhibit edge effects. (4) Edge effects were detected in studies that used quail eggs and real eggs. (5) Edge effects were not significant when artificial nests were exposed for typical incubation periods, but were significant for shorter exposures. Three alternative hypotheses may explain increased nest predation along edges. The edge‐effects hypothesis states that increased nest losses along edges are the result of the habitat discontinuity. The landscape‐structure hypothesis states that more fragmented landscapes are more heavily depredated by nest predators. The human‐disturbance hypothesis states that near anthropogenic edges increased nest predation is related to human activities. Nest‐predation experiments should be placed in a landscape context to reveal differences between the hypotheses.</i> </p></abstract><abstract type="main" xml:lang="es"><section xml:id="sec-sum-2"><p><b>Resumen: </b> <i>La fragmentación del hábitat puede modificar patrones ecológicos al incrementar la importancia de los efectos de borde, incluyendo el incremento de las tasas de depredación de nidos de aves. Convencionalmente se cree que existiría un incremento en la tasa de depredación a lo largo de los bordes de hábitat y revisiones previas apoyan esta opinión. Sin embargo, estas revisiones no aplicaron métodos estadísticos recientes y algunos se basaron en un número pequeño de estudios. En nuestro meta‐análisis de 64 experimentos de depredación de nidos, nuestros resultados apoyaron revisiones previas del patrón general de incremento de depredación de nidos a lo largo de bordes de hábitat ( p < 0.01). Separamos a los estudios en categorías ecológicamente relevantes y encontramos los siguientes patrones. (1) Los efectos de borde fueron más pronunciados en Norte América y el noroeste de Europa que en Europa central o América Central. Sin embargo, este resultado puede estar sesgado debido a los diferentes hábitats estudiados en las regiones. (2) Las marismas y los bosques deciduos tuvieron efectos de borde significativos, mientras que los efectos de borde no fueron aparentes en bosques de coníferas, bosques tropicales o campos. (3) Estudios de nidos naturales y terrestres fueron más propensos a presentar efectos de borde. (4) Se detectaron efectos de borde en estudios que utilizaron huevos de codorniz y huevos reales. (5) Los efectos de borde no fueron significativos cuando se expusieron nidos artificiales por períodos de incubación típicos, pero fueron significativos para exposiciones más cortas. Hay tres hipótesis alternativas que pueden explicar el incremento de depredación a lo largo de bordes. La hipótesis de los efectos de borde enuncia que el aumento en la pérdida de nidos a lo largo de bordes es el resultado de la discontinuidad del hábitat. La hipótesis de la estructura del paisaje enuncia que los paisajes más fragmentados son depredados más intensamente por los depredadores de nidos y la hipótesis de perturbación humana señala que el incremento de depredación de nidos cerca de bordes antropogénicos está relacionado con estas actividades. Los experimentos de depredación de nidos deberían ser colocados en un contexto de paisaje para descubrir las diferencias entre las hipótesis.</i> </p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Evidence of an Edge Effect on Avian Nest Success</title></titleInfo><titleInfo lang="es"><title>Evidencia de un Efecto de Borde Sobre el Éxito de Nidos de Aves</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Edge Effects on Nest Success</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Evidence of an Edge Effect on Avian Nest Success</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="es"><title>Evidencia de un Efecto de Borde Sobre el Éxito de Nidos de Aves</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">PÉTER</namePart><namePart type="family">BATÁRY</namePart><affiliation>Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2, Budapest, H‐1083, Hungary</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ANDRÁS</namePart><namePart type="family">BÁLDI</namePart><affiliation>Animal Ecology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2, Budapest, H‐1083, Hungary, email baldi@nhmus.hu</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Science Inc</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK .</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2004-04</dateIssued><edition>Paper submitted April 30, 2002; revised manuscript accepted November 4, 2003.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2004</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">78</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Abstract: Habitat fragmentation may modify ecological patterns by increasing the importance of edge effects, including elevating rates of predation on avian nests. Conventional wisdom suggests an increased rate of predation along habitat edges, and previous reviews support this view. These reviews did not apply recent statistical approaches, however, and some were based on a small number of studies. In our meta‐analysis of 64 nest‐predation experiments, our results supported prior reviews of the general pattern of increased nest predation along habitat edges ( p < 0.01). We separated studies into ecologically relevant categories and found the following patterns: (1) Edge effects were more pronounced in North America and northwestern Europe than in central Europe or Central America. This result may be biased, however, by the different habitats studied in the regions. (2) Marshes and deciduous forests had significant edge effects, whereas edge effects were not apparent in coniferous forests, tropical forests, or fields. (3) Ground and natural nest studies were more likely to exhibit edge effects. (4) Edge effects were detected in studies that used quail eggs and real eggs. (5) Edge effects were not significant when artificial nests were exposed for typical incubation periods, but were significant for shorter exposures. Three alternative hypotheses may explain increased nest predation along edges. The edge‐effects hypothesis states that increased nest losses along edges are the result of the habitat discontinuity. The landscape‐structure hypothesis states that more fragmented landscapes are more heavily depredated by nest predators. The human‐disturbance hypothesis states that near anthropogenic edges increased nest predation is related to human activities. Nest‐predation experiments should be placed in a landscape context to reveal differences between the hypotheses.</abstract><abstract lang="es">Resumen: La fragmentación del hábitat puede modificar patrones ecológicos al incrementar la importancia de los efectos de borde, incluyendo el incremento de las tasas de depredación de nidos de aves. Convencionalmente se cree que existiría un incremento en la tasa de depredación a lo largo de los bordes de hábitat y revisiones previas apoyan esta opinión. Sin embargo, estas revisiones no aplicaron métodos estadísticos recientes y algunos se basaron en un número pequeño de estudios. En nuestro meta‐análisis de 64 experimentos de depredación de nidos, nuestros resultados apoyaron revisiones previas del patrón general de incremento de depredación de nidos a lo largo de bordes de hábitat ( p < 0.01). Separamos a los estudios en categorías ecológicamente relevantes y encontramos los siguientes patrones. (1) Los efectos de borde fueron más pronunciados en Norte América y el noroeste de Europa que en Europa central o América Central. Sin embargo, este resultado puede estar sesgado debido a los diferentes hábitats estudiados en las regiones. (2) Las marismas y los bosques deciduos tuvieron efectos de borde significativos, mientras que los efectos de borde no fueron aparentes en bosques de coníferas, bosques tropicales o campos. (3) Estudios de nidos naturales y terrestres fueron más propensos a presentar efectos de borde. (4) Se detectaron efectos de borde en estudios que utilizaron huevos de codorniz y huevos reales. (5) Los efectos de borde no fueron significativos cuando se expusieron nidos artificiales por períodos de incubación típicos, pero fueron significativos para exposiciones más cortas. Hay tres hipótesis alternativas que pueden explicar el incremento de depredación a lo largo de bordes. La hipótesis de los efectos de borde enuncia que el aumento en la pérdida de nidos a lo largo de bordes es el resultado de la discontinuidad del hábitat. La hipótesis de la estructura del paisaje enuncia que los paisajes más fragmentados son depredados más intensamente por los depredadores de nidos y la hipótesis de perturbación humana señala que el incremento de depredación de nidos cerca de bordes antropogénicos está relacionado con estas actividades. Los experimentos de depredación de nidos deberían ser colocados en un contexto de paisaje para descubrir las diferencias entre las hipótesis.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>edge type</topic><topic>edge width</topic><topic>effect size</topic><topic>landscape type</topic><topic>nest predation</topic><topic>review</topic></subject><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>amplitud de borde</topic><topic>depredación de nidos</topic><topic>efecto de tamaño</topic><topic>revisión</topic><topic>tipo de borde</topic><topic>tipo de paisaje</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Conservation Biology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0888-8892</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1523-1739</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">COBI</identifier><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>389</start><end>400</end><total>12</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">D136CE7C14157FF4F1EFA9076DCBC57469F6215E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00184.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">COBI184</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Science Inc</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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