Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa
Identifieur interne : 001308 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001307; suivant : 001309Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa
Auteurs : Jan F. Kamler ; Ute Stenkewitz ; Unn Klare ; Nicolas F. Jacobsen ; David W. MacdonaldSource :
- The Journal of Wildlife Management [ 0022-541X ] ; 2012-08.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Cape foxes (Vulpes chama) and bat‐eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) are sympatric with black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) over much of southern Africa, although competition with and/or predation by jackals may suppress local populations of both fox species. From 2005 to 2008, we captured, radio‐collared, and monitored 11 cape foxes, 22 bat‐eared foxes, and 15 black‐backed jackals on a game ranch in South Africa to investigate their spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary resource overlap. Mean annual home‐range sizes were 27.7 km2 for cape foxes, 5.0 km2 for bat‐eared foxes, and 17.8 km2 for jackal family groups. Home ranges overlapped completely between species, although core areas overlapped less (<45%), with cape foxes and jackals overlapping the least (12%). When active, cape foxes, but not bat‐eared foxes, used core areas of jackal groups less than expected. Additionally, both fox species used jackal core areas less than expected for their den sites, suggesting areas outside jackal core areas were used as refuges by foxes. Strong levels of habitat partitioning were not apparent at the study site or home‐range levels, although habitat selection for den sites differed between jackals and cape foxes. Jackals were the most diurnal across seasons, whereas cape foxes were the most nocturnal. Diets overlapped little (R0 = 0.20–0.34) among the canid species, with bat‐eared foxes overlapping the least with the others. Jackals killed at least 5 collared bat‐eared foxes and 1 collared cape fox, indicating potential interference competition, probably for exclusive use of territorial space rather than over shared resources. We conclude that bat‐eared foxes coexisted with jackals primarily by their dietary specialization and group living. Cape foxes coexisted with jackals by exhibiting high levels of spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary partitioning. Surprisingly, the fox species exhibited positive associations with each other. Our results show the mechanisms that may allow jackals to suppress fox populations, yet also show how foxes, in turn, use different mechanisms to coexist with a dominant canid. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.354
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052FLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Kamler, Jan F" sort="Kamler, Jan F" uniqKey="Kamler J" first="Jan F." last="Kamler">Jan F. Kamler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stenkewitz, Ute" sort="Stenkewitz, Ute" uniqKey="Stenkewitz U" first="Ute" last="Stenkewitz">Ute Stenkewitz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Current Address: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klare, Unn" sort="Klare, Unn" uniqKey="Klare U" first="Unn" last="Klare">Unn Klare</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Rostock, Weberstrasse 11, 18069 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, Nicolas F" sort="Jacobsen, Nicolas F" uniqKey="Jacobsen N" first="Nicolas F." last="Jacobsen">Nicolas F. Jacobsen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Current Address: Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2261 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macdonald, David W" sort="Macdonald, David W" uniqKey="Macdonald D" first="David W." last="Macdonald">David W. Macdonald</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F</idno><date when="2012" year="2012">2012</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/jwmg.354</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001308</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001308</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Kamler, Jan F" sort="Kamler, Jan F" uniqKey="Kamler J" first="Jan F." last="Kamler">Jan F. Kamler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stenkewitz, Ute" sort="Stenkewitz, Ute" uniqKey="Stenkewitz U" first="Ute" last="Stenkewitz">Ute Stenkewitz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Current Address: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klare, Unn" sort="Klare, Unn" uniqKey="Klare U" first="Unn" last="Klare">Unn Klare</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Rostock, Weberstrasse 11, 18069 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobsen, Nicolas F" sort="Jacobsen, Nicolas F" uniqKey="Jacobsen N" first="Nicolas F." last="Jacobsen">Nicolas F. Jacobsen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Current Address: Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2261 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macdonald, David W" sort="Macdonald, David W" uniqKey="Macdonald D" first="David W." last="Macdonald">David W. Macdonald</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The Journal of Wildlife Management</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">The Journal of Wildlife Management</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-541X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1937-2817</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-08">2012-08</date><biblScope unit="volume">76</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1241">1241</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1253">1253</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-541X</idno></series><idno type="istex">EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jwmg.354</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JWMG354</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-541X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Canis mesomelas</term><term>Otocyon megalotis</term><term>South Africa</term><term>Vulpes chama</term><term>bat‐eared fox</term><term>black‐backed jackal</term><term>cape fox</term><term>interspecific killing</term><term>resource partitioning</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Cape foxes (Vulpes chama) and bat‐eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) are sympatric with black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) over much of southern Africa, although competition with and/or predation by jackals may suppress local populations of both fox species. From 2005 to 2008, we captured, radio‐collared, and monitored 11 cape foxes, 22 bat‐eared foxes, and 15 black‐backed jackals on a game ranch in South Africa to investigate their spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary resource overlap. Mean annual home‐range sizes were 27.7 km2 for cape foxes, 5.0 km2 for bat‐eared foxes, and 17.8 km2 for jackal family groups. Home ranges overlapped completely between species, although core areas overlapped less (<45%), with cape foxes and jackals overlapping the least (12%). When active, cape foxes, but not bat‐eared foxes, used core areas of jackal groups less than expected. Additionally, both fox species used jackal core areas less than expected for their den sites, suggesting areas outside jackal core areas were used as refuges by foxes. Strong levels of habitat partitioning were not apparent at the study site or home‐range levels, although habitat selection for den sites differed between jackals and cape foxes. Jackals were the most diurnal across seasons, whereas cape foxes were the most nocturnal. Diets overlapped little (R0 = 0.20–0.34) among the canid species, with bat‐eared foxes overlapping the least with the others. Jackals killed at least 5 collared bat‐eared foxes and 1 collared cape fox, indicating potential interference competition, probably for exclusive use of territorial space rather than over shared resources. We conclude that bat‐eared foxes coexisted with jackals primarily by their dietary specialization and group living. Cape foxes coexisted with jackals by exhibiting high levels of spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary partitioning. Surprisingly, the fox species exhibited positive associations with each other. Our results show the mechanisms that may allow jackals to suppress fox populations, yet also show how foxes, in turn, use different mechanisms to coexist with a dominant canid. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Jan F. Kamler</name><affiliations><json:string>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</json:string><json:string>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ute Stenkewitz</name><affiliations><json:string>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</json:string><json:string>Current Address: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Unn Klare</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Rostock, Weberstrasse 11, 18069 Rostock, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Nicolas F. Jacobsen</name><affiliations><json:string>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</json:string><json:string>Current Address: Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2261 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>David W. Macdonald</name><affiliations><json:string>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>bat‐eared fox</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>black‐backed jackal</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Canis mesomelas</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cape fox</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>interspecific killing</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Otocyon megalotis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>resource partitioning</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>South Africa</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Vulpes chama</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JWMG354</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Cape foxes (Vulpes chama) and bat‐eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) are sympatric with black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) over much of southern Africa, although competition with and/or predation by jackals may suppress local populations of both fox species. From 2005 to 2008, we captured, radio‐collared, and monitored 11 cape foxes, 22 bat‐eared foxes, and 15 black‐backed jackals on a game ranch in South Africa to investigate their spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary resource overlap. Mean annual home‐range sizes were 27.7 km2 for cape foxes, 5.0 km2 for bat‐eared foxes, and 17.8 km2 for jackal family groups. Home ranges overlapped completely between species, although core areas overlapped less (>45%), with cape foxes and jackals overlapping the least (12%). When active, cape foxes, but not bat‐eared foxes, used core areas of jackal groups less than expected. Additionally, both fox species used jackal core areas less than expected for their den sites, suggesting areas outside jackal core areas were used as refuges by foxes. Strong levels of habitat partitioning were not apparent at the study site or home‐range levels, although habitat selection for den sites differed between jackals and cape foxes. Jackals were the most diurnal across seasons, whereas cape foxes were the most nocturnal. Diets overlapped little (R0 = 0.20–0.34) among the canid species, with bat‐eared foxes overlapping the least with the others. Jackals killed at least 5 collared bat‐eared foxes and 1 collared cape fox, indicating potential interference competition, probably for exclusive use of territorial space rather than over shared resources. We conclude that bat‐eared foxes coexisted with jackals primarily by their dietary specialization and group living. Cape foxes coexisted with jackals by exhibiting high levels of spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary partitioning. Surprisingly, the fox species exhibited positive associations with each other. Our results show the mechanisms that may allow jackals to suppress fox populations, yet also show how foxes, in turn, use different mechanisms to coexist with a dominant canid. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>594 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>2163</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>10525</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>65219</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>319</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>76</volume><publisherId><json:string>JWMG</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>13</total><last>1253</last><first>1241</first></pages><issn><json:string>0022-541X</json:string></issn><issue>6</issue><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1937-2817</json:string></eissn><title>The Journal of Wildlife Management</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1937-2817</json:string></doi></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>zoology</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>natural sciences</json:string><json:string>biology</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2012</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2012</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/jwmg.354</json:string></doi><id>EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F</id><score>0.21670021</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken, USA</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © The Wildlife Society, 2012</p></availability><date>2012</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">*Associate Editor: Kevin McKelvey</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Jan F.</forename><surname>Kamler</surname></persName><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</affiliation><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Ute</forename><surname>Stenkewitz</surname></persName><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</affiliation><affiliation>Current Address: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Unn</forename><surname>Klare</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Rostock, Weberstrasse 11, 18069 Rostock, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Nicolas F.</forename><surname>Jacobsen</surname></persName><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</affiliation><affiliation>Current Address: Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2261 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">David W.</forename><surname>Macdonald</surname></persName><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">The Journal of Wildlife Management</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">The Journal of Wildlife Management</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-541X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1937-2817</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1937-2817</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-08"></date><biblScope unit="volume">76</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1241">1241</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1253">1253</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jwmg.354</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JWMG354</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2012</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cape foxes (Vulpes chama) and bat‐eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) are sympatric with black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) over much of southern Africa, although competition with and/or predation by jackals may suppress local populations of both fox species. From 2005 to 2008, we captured, radio‐collared, and monitored 11 cape foxes, 22 bat‐eared foxes, and 15 black‐backed jackals on a game ranch in South Africa to investigate their spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary resource overlap. Mean annual home‐range sizes were 27.7 km2 for cape foxes, 5.0 km2 for bat‐eared foxes, and 17.8 km2 for jackal family groups. Home ranges overlapped completely between species, although core areas overlapped less (<45%), with cape foxes and jackals overlapping the least (12%). When active, cape foxes, but not bat‐eared foxes, used core areas of jackal groups less than expected. Additionally, both fox species used jackal core areas less than expected for their den sites, suggesting areas outside jackal core areas were used as refuges by foxes. Strong levels of habitat partitioning were not apparent at the study site or home‐range levels, although habitat selection for den sites differed between jackals and cape foxes. Jackals were the most diurnal across seasons, whereas cape foxes were the most nocturnal. Diets overlapped little (R0 = 0.20–0.34) among the canid species, with bat‐eared foxes overlapping the least with the others. Jackals killed at least 5 collared bat‐eared foxes and 1 collared cape fox, indicating potential interference competition, probably for exclusive use of territorial space rather than over shared resources. We conclude that bat‐eared foxes coexisted with jackals primarily by their dietary specialization and group living. Cape foxes coexisted with jackals by exhibiting high levels of spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary partitioning. Surprisingly, the fox species exhibited positive associations with each other. Our results show the mechanisms that may allow jackals to suppress fox populations, yet also show how foxes, in turn, use different mechanisms to coexist with a dominant canid. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>bat‐eared fox</term></item><item><term>black‐backed jackal</term></item><item><term>Canis mesomelas</term></item><item><term>cape fox</term></item><item><term>interspecific killing</term></item><item><term>Otocyon megalotis</term></item><item><term>resource partitioning</term></item><item><term>South Africa</term></item><item><term>Vulpes chama</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-02-03">Received</change><change when="2011-12-02">Registration</change><change when="2012-08">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken, USA</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1937-2817</doi><issn type="print">0022-541X</issn><issn type="electronic">1937-2817</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JWMG"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT">The Journal of Wildlife Management</title><title type="short">The Journal of Wildlife Management</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="60"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jwmg.v76.6</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="76">76</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">6</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-08">August 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="160" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jwmg.354</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JWMG354"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="13"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © The Wildlife Society, 2012</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2011-02-03"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2011-12-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:3.1.6 mode:FullText mathml2tex" date="2012-07-23"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2012-03-05"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2012-03-05"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-07-23"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-24"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">1241</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">1253</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom.</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JWMG.JWMG354.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="4"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="98"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="11342"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa<link href="#fn1"></link></title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Resource Partitioning by Foxes and Jackals</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Jan F.</givenNames><familyName>Kamler</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>jan.f.kamler@gmail.com</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" currentRef="#curr1"><personName><givenNames>Ute</givenNames><familyName>Stenkewitz</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Unn</givenNames><familyName>Klare</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" currentRef="#curr2"><personName><givenNames>Nicolas F.</givenNames><familyName>Jacobsen</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>David W.</givenNames><familyName>Macdonald</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="GB" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>University of Rostock, Weberstrasse 11, 18069 Rostock, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="curr1" countryCode="IS"><unparsedAffiliation>Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland.</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="curr2" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2261 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">bat‐eared fox</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">black‐backed jackal</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3"><i>Canis mesomelas</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">cape fox</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">interspecific killing</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6"><i>Otocyon megalotis</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd7">resource partitioning</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd8">South Africa</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd9"><i>Vulpes chama</i></keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Cape foxes (<i>Vulpes chama</i>) and bat‐eared foxes (<i>Otocyon megalotis</i>) are sympatric with black‐backed jackals (<i>Canis mesomelas</i>) over much of southern Africa, although competition with and/or predation by jackals may suppress local populations of both fox species. From 2005 to 2008, we captured, radio‐collared, and monitored 11 cape foxes, 22 bat‐eared foxes, and 15 black‐backed jackals on a game ranch in South Africa to investigate their spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary resource overlap. Mean annual home‐range sizes were 27.7 km<sup>2</sup> for cape foxes, 5.0 km<sup>2</sup> for bat‐eared foxes, and 17.8 km<sup>2</sup> for jackal family groups. Home ranges overlapped completely between species, although core areas overlapped less (<45%), with cape foxes and jackals overlapping the least (12%). When active, cape foxes, but not bat‐eared foxes, used core areas of jackal groups less than expected. Additionally, both fox species used jackal core areas less than expected for their den sites, suggesting areas outside jackal core areas were used as refuges by foxes. Strong levels of habitat partitioning were not apparent at the study site or home‐range levels, although habitat selection for den sites differed between jackals and cape foxes. Jackals were the most diurnal across seasons, whereas cape foxes were the most nocturnal. Diets overlapped little (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub> = 0.20–0.34) among the canid species, with bat‐eared foxes overlapping the least with the others. Jackals killed at least 5 collared bat‐eared foxes and 1 collared cape fox, indicating potential interference competition, probably for exclusive use of territorial space rather than over shared resources. We conclude that bat‐eared foxes coexisted with jackals primarily by their dietary specialization and group living. Cape foxes coexisted with jackals by exhibiting high levels of spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary partitioning. Surprisingly, the fox species exhibited positive associations with each other. Our results show the mechanisms that may allow jackals to suppress fox populations, yet also show how foxes, in turn, use different mechanisms to coexist with a dominant canid. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>Associate Editor: Kevin McKelvey</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Resource Partitioning by Foxes and Jackals</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kamler</namePart><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</affiliation><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ute</namePart><namePart type="family">Stenkewitz</namePart><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</affiliation><affiliation>Current Address: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Unn</namePart><namePart type="family">Klare</namePart><affiliation>University of Rostock, Weberstrasse 11, 18069 Rostock, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nicolas F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jacobsen</namePart><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</affiliation><affiliation>Current Address: Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, 2261 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Macdonald</namePart><affiliation>Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken, USA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-08</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2011-02-03</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2011-12-02</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">4</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="references">98</extent><extent unit="words">11342</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Cape foxes (Vulpes chama) and bat‐eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) are sympatric with black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) over much of southern Africa, although competition with and/or predation by jackals may suppress local populations of both fox species. From 2005 to 2008, we captured, radio‐collared, and monitored 11 cape foxes, 22 bat‐eared foxes, and 15 black‐backed jackals on a game ranch in South Africa to investigate their spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary resource overlap. Mean annual home‐range sizes were 27.7 km2 for cape foxes, 5.0 km2 for bat‐eared foxes, and 17.8 km2 for jackal family groups. Home ranges overlapped completely between species, although core areas overlapped less (<45%), with cape foxes and jackals overlapping the least (12%). When active, cape foxes, but not bat‐eared foxes, used core areas of jackal groups less than expected. Additionally, both fox species used jackal core areas less than expected for their den sites, suggesting areas outside jackal core areas were used as refuges by foxes. Strong levels of habitat partitioning were not apparent at the study site or home‐range levels, although habitat selection for den sites differed between jackals and cape foxes. Jackals were the most diurnal across seasons, whereas cape foxes were the most nocturnal. Diets overlapped little (R0 = 0.20–0.34) among the canid species, with bat‐eared foxes overlapping the least with the others. Jackals killed at least 5 collared bat‐eared foxes and 1 collared cape fox, indicating potential interference competition, probably for exclusive use of territorial space rather than over shared resources. We conclude that bat‐eared foxes coexisted with jackals primarily by their dietary specialization and group living. Cape foxes coexisted with jackals by exhibiting high levels of spatial, habitat, temporal, and dietary partitioning. Surprisingly, the fox species exhibited positive associations with each other. Our results show the mechanisms that may allow jackals to suppress fox populations, yet also show how foxes, in turn, use different mechanisms to coexist with a dominant canid. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.</abstract><note type="content">*Associate Editor: Kevin McKelvey</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>bat‐eared fox</topic><topic>black‐backed jackal</topic><topic>Canis mesomelas</topic><topic>cape fox</topic><topic>interspecific killing</topic><topic>Otocyon megalotis</topic><topic>resource partitioning</topic><topic>South Africa</topic><topic>Vulpes chama</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Journal of Wildlife Management</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>The Journal of Wildlife Management</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0022-541X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1937-2817</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1937-2817</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JWMG</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>76</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1241</start><end>1253</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jwmg.354</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JWMG354</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © The Wildlife Society, 2012</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Bois/explor/RenardV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001308 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001308 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Bois
|area= RenardV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:EB2ABE26CEDC7F48A21461A96B89487C254C052F
|texte= Resource partitioning among cape foxes, bat‐eared foxes, and black‐backed jackals in South Africa
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.27. |  |