Dietary vitamin C deficiency depressed the gill physical barriers and immune barriers referring to Nrf2, apoptosis, MLCK, NF-κB and TOR signaling in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of Flavobacterium columnare.
Identifieur interne : 000949 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000948; suivant : 000950Dietary vitamin C deficiency depressed the gill physical barriers and immune barriers referring to Nrf2, apoptosis, MLCK, NF-κB and TOR signaling in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of Flavobacterium columnare.
Auteurs : Hui-Jun Xu ; Wei-Dan Jiang ; Lin Feng ; Yang Liu ; Pei Wu ; Jun Jiang ; Sheng-Yao Kuang ; Ling Tang ; Wu-Neng Tang ; Yong-An Zhang ; Xiao-Qiu ZhouSource :
- Fish & shellfish immunology [ 1095-9947 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animal Feed (analysis), Animals (MeSH), Ascorbic Acid (MeSH), Ascorbic Acid Deficiency (immunology), Ascorbic Acid Deficiency (veterinary), Carps (immunology), Diet (veterinary), Dietary Supplements (MeSH), Fish Diseases (diet therapy), Fish Diseases (immunology), Fish Diseases (microbiology), Fish Proteins (genetics), Fish Proteins (metabolism), Flavobacteriaceae Infections (diet therapy), Flavobacteriaceae Infections (immunology), Flavobacteriaceae Infections (microbiology), Flavobacteriaceae Infections (veterinary), Flavobacterium (physiology), Gills (immunology), Gills (physiology), Immunity, Innate (MeSH), Random Allocation (MeSH), Signal Transduction (genetics).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Fish Proteins.
- chemical , metabolism : Fish Proteins.
- chemical : Ascorbic Acid.
- analysis : Animal Feed.
- diet therapy : Fish Diseases, Flavobacteriaceae Infections.
- genetics : Signal Transduction.
- immunology : Ascorbic Acid Deficiency, Carps, Fish Diseases, Flavobacteriaceae Infections, Gills.
- microbiology : Fish Diseases, Flavobacteriaceae Infections.
- physiology : Flavobacterium, Gills.
- veterinary : Ascorbic Acid Deficiency, Diet, Flavobacteriaceae Infections.
- Animals, Dietary Supplements, Immunity, Innate, Random Allocation.
Abstract
This study explored the effects of vitamin C on the physical barriers and immune barriers, and relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in the gill of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of Flavobacterium columnare. The results indicated that compared with optimal vitamin C supplementation, vitamin C deficiency (2.9 mg/kg diet) (1) increased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl (PC) contents (P < 0.05), decreased the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and glutathione and vitamin C contents (P < 0.05), down-regulated NF-E2-related factor 2 mRNA level (P < 0.05), and up-regulated Kelch-like ECH-associating protein (Keap) 1a (rather than Keap1b) mRNA level (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency induced oxidative injury in fish gill; (2) up-regulated caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, Fas ligand, B-cell lymphoma protein 2 associated X protein, apoptotic protease activating factor-1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and down-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis protein and B-cell lymphoma-2 (rather than myeloid cell leukemia-1) mRNA level (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency aggravated cell apoptosis in fish gill; (3) up-regulated pore-forming TJs Claudin-12, 15a, -15b, and related signaling molecules myosin light chain kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (rather than c-Jun N-terminal kinases) mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and down-regulated barrier-forming TJs Occludin, zonula occludens (ZO) 1, ZO-2, Claudin-c, -3c, -7a, -7b mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency disrupted tight junctional complexes in fish gill; (4) decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, and complement 3 (C3), C4 and IgM contents (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) 2A, LEAP-2B, Hepcidin, β-defensin mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency decrease fish gill immune function; (5) down-regulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines-related factors interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-11, transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, TGF-β2, inhibitor of κBa and eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (rather than 4E-BP2) (P < 0.05), and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines-related factors interferon γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 P35, IL-12 P40, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 (rather than NF-κB p52), IκB kinases (IKK) (only IKKα and IKKγ), target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency aggravated fish gill inflammation. In conclusion, vitamin C deficiency disrupted physical barriers and immune barriers, and regulated relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in fish gill. The vitamin C requirement for against gill rot morbidity of grass carp (264-1031 g) was estimated to be 156.0 mg/kg diet. In addition, based on the gill biochemical indices (antioxidant indices MDA, PC and vitamin C contents, and immune indices LA and ACP activity) the vitamin C requirements for grass carp (264-1031 g) were estimated to be 116.8, 156.6, 110.8, 57.8 and 134.9 mg/kg diet, respectively.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.029
PubMed: 27640333
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:27640333Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Dietary vitamin C deficiency depressed the gill physical barriers and immune barriers referring to Nrf2, apoptosis, MLCK, NF-κB and TOR signaling in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of Flavobacterium columnare.</title><author><name sortKey="Xu, Hui Jun" sort="Xu, Hui Jun" uniqKey="Xu H" first="Hui-Jun" last="Xu">Hui-Jun Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Wei Dan" sort="Jiang, Wei Dan" uniqKey="Jiang W" first="Wei-Dan" last="Jiang">Wei-Dan Jiang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Lin" sort="Feng, Lin" uniqKey="Feng L" first="Lin" last="Feng">Lin Feng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yang" sort="Liu, Yang" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yang" last="Liu">Yang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Pei" sort="Wu, Pei" uniqKey="Wu P" first="Pei" last="Wu">Pei Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Jun" sort="Jiang, Jun" uniqKey="Jiang J" first="Jun" last="Jiang">Jun Jiang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuang, Sheng Yao" sort="Kuang, Sheng Yao" uniqKey="Kuang S" first="Sheng-Yao" last="Kuang">Sheng-Yao Kuang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Ling" sort="Tang, Ling" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Ling" last="Tang">Ling Tang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Wu Neng" sort="Tang, Wu Neng" uniqKey="Tang W" first="Wu-Neng" last="Tang">Wu-Neng Tang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yong An" sort="Zhang, Yong An" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yong-An" last="Zhang">Yong-An Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Xiao Qiu" sort="Zhou, Xiao Qiu" uniqKey="Zhou X" first="Xiao-Qiu" last="Zhou">Xiao-Qiu Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: xqzhouqq@tom.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27640333</idno><idno type="pmid">27640333</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.029</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000949</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000949</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Dietary vitamin C deficiency depressed the gill physical barriers and immune barriers referring to Nrf2, apoptosis, MLCK, NF-κB and TOR signaling in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of Flavobacterium columnare.</title><author><name sortKey="Xu, Hui Jun" sort="Xu, Hui Jun" uniqKey="Xu H" first="Hui-Jun" last="Xu">Hui-Jun Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Wei Dan" sort="Jiang, Wei Dan" uniqKey="Jiang W" first="Wei-Dan" last="Jiang">Wei-Dan Jiang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Lin" sort="Feng, Lin" uniqKey="Feng L" first="Lin" last="Feng">Lin Feng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yang" sort="Liu, Yang" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yang" last="Liu">Yang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Pei" sort="Wu, Pei" uniqKey="Wu P" first="Pei" last="Wu">Pei Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Jun" sort="Jiang, Jun" uniqKey="Jiang J" first="Jun" last="Jiang">Jun Jiang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuang, Sheng Yao" sort="Kuang, Sheng Yao" uniqKey="Kuang S" first="Sheng-Yao" last="Kuang">Sheng-Yao Kuang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Ling" sort="Tang, Ling" uniqKey="Tang L" first="Ling" last="Tang">Ling Tang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Wu Neng" sort="Tang, Wu Neng" uniqKey="Tang W" first="Wu-Neng" last="Tang">Wu-Neng Tang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yong An" sort="Zhang, Yong An" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yong-An" last="Zhang">Yong-An Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Xiao Qiu" sort="Zhou, Xiao Qiu" uniqKey="Zhou X" first="Xiao-Qiu" last="Zhou">Xiao-Qiu Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: xqzhouqq@tom.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Fish & shellfish immunology</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-9947</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animal Feed (analysis)</term><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>Ascorbic Acid (MeSH)</term><term>Ascorbic Acid Deficiency (immunology)</term><term>Ascorbic Acid Deficiency (veterinary)</term><term>Carps (immunology)</term><term>Diet (veterinary)</term><term>Dietary Supplements (MeSH)</term><term>Fish Diseases (diet therapy)</term><term>Fish Diseases (immunology)</term><term>Fish Diseases (microbiology)</term><term>Fish Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Fish Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>Flavobacteriaceae Infections (diet therapy)</term><term>Flavobacteriaceae Infections (immunology)</term><term>Flavobacteriaceae Infections (microbiology)</term><term>Flavobacteriaceae Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Flavobacterium (physiology)</term><term>Gills (immunology)</term><term>Gills (physiology)</term><term>Immunity, Innate (MeSH)</term><term>Random Allocation (MeSH)</term><term>Signal Transduction (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Fish Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Fish Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascorbic Acid</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Animal Feed</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diet therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Fish Diseases</term><term>Flavobacteriaceae Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Signal Transduction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascorbic Acid Deficiency</term><term>Carps</term><term>Fish Diseases</term><term>Flavobacteriaceae Infections</term><term>Gills</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Fish Diseases</term><term>Flavobacteriaceae Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Flavobacterium</term><term>Gills</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Ascorbic Acid Deficiency</term><term>Diet</term><term>Flavobacteriaceae Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Dietary Supplements</term><term>Immunity, Innate</term><term>Random Allocation</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This study explored the effects of vitamin C on the physical barriers and immune barriers, and relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in the gill of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of Flavobacterium columnare. The results indicated that compared with optimal vitamin C supplementation, vitamin C deficiency (2.9 mg/kg diet) (1) increased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl (PC) contents (P < 0.05), decreased the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and glutathione and vitamin C contents (P < 0.05), down-regulated NF-E2-related factor 2 mRNA level (P < 0.05), and up-regulated Kelch-like ECH-associating protein (Keap) 1a (rather than Keap1b) mRNA level (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency induced oxidative injury in fish gill; (2) up-regulated caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, Fas ligand, B-cell lymphoma protein 2 associated X protein, apoptotic protease activating factor-1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and down-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis protein and B-cell lymphoma-2 (rather than myeloid cell leukemia-1) mRNA level (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency aggravated cell apoptosis in fish gill; (3) up-regulated pore-forming TJs Claudin-12, 15a, -15b, and related signaling molecules myosin light chain kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (rather than c-Jun N-terminal kinases) mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and down-regulated barrier-forming TJs Occludin, zonula occludens (ZO) 1, ZO-2, Claudin-c, -3c, -7a, -7b mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency disrupted tight junctional complexes in fish gill; (4) decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, and complement 3 (C3), C4 and IgM contents (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) 2A, LEAP-2B, Hepcidin, β-defensin mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency decrease fish gill immune function; (5) down-regulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines-related factors interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-11, transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, TGF-β2, inhibitor of κBa and eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (rather than 4E-BP2) (P < 0.05), and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines-related factors interferon γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 P35, IL-12 P40, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 (rather than NF-κB p52), IκB kinases (IKK) (only IKKα and IKKγ), target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency aggravated fish gill inflammation. In conclusion, vitamin C deficiency disrupted physical barriers and immune barriers, and regulated relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in fish gill. The vitamin C requirement for against gill rot morbidity of grass carp (264-1031 g) was estimated to be 156.0 mg/kg diet. In addition, based on the gill biochemical indices (antioxidant indices MDA, PC and vitamin C contents, and immune indices LA and ACP activity) the vitamin C requirements for grass carp (264-1031 g) were estimated to be 116.8, 156.6, 110.8, 57.8 and 134.9 mg/kg diet, respectively.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27640333</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>23</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1095-9947</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>58</Volume><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Nov</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Fish & shellfish immunology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Fish Shellfish Immunol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Dietary vitamin C deficiency depressed the gill physical barriers and immune barriers referring to Nrf2, apoptosis, MLCK, NF-κB and TOR signaling in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of Flavobacterium columnare.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>177-192</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1050-4648(16)30577-0</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.029</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>This study explored the effects of vitamin C on the physical barriers and immune barriers, and relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in the gill of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under infection of Flavobacterium columnare. The results indicated that compared with optimal vitamin C supplementation, vitamin C deficiency (2.9 mg/kg diet) (1) increased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl (PC) contents (P < 0.05), decreased the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and glutathione and vitamin C contents (P < 0.05), down-regulated NF-E2-related factor 2 mRNA level (P < 0.05), and up-regulated Kelch-like ECH-associating protein (Keap) 1a (rather than Keap1b) mRNA level (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency induced oxidative injury in fish gill; (2) up-regulated caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, Fas ligand, B-cell lymphoma protein 2 associated X protein, apoptotic protease activating factor-1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and down-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis protein and B-cell lymphoma-2 (rather than myeloid cell leukemia-1) mRNA level (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency aggravated cell apoptosis in fish gill; (3) up-regulated pore-forming TJs Claudin-12, 15a, -15b, and related signaling molecules myosin light chain kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (rather than c-Jun N-terminal kinases) mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and down-regulated barrier-forming TJs Occludin, zonula occludens (ZO) 1, ZO-2, Claudin-c, -3c, -7a, -7b mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency disrupted tight junctional complexes in fish gill; (4) decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, and complement 3 (C3), C4 and IgM contents (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) 2A, LEAP-2B, Hepcidin, β-defensin mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency decrease fish gill immune function; (5) down-regulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines-related factors interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-11, transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, TGF-β2, inhibitor of κBa and eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (rather than 4E-BP2) (P < 0.05), and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines-related factors interferon γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 P35, IL-12 P40, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 (rather than NF-κB p52), IκB kinases (IKK) (only IKKα and IKKγ), target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the gill of grass carp under infection of F. columnare, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency aggravated fish gill inflammation. In conclusion, vitamin C deficiency disrupted physical barriers and immune barriers, and regulated relative mRNA levels of signaling molecules in fish gill. The vitamin C requirement for against gill rot morbidity of grass carp (264-1031 g) was estimated to be 156.0 mg/kg diet. In addition, based on the gill biochemical indices (antioxidant indices MDA, PC and vitamin C contents, and immune indices LA and ACP activity) the vitamin C requirements for grass carp (264-1031 g) were estimated to be 116.8, 156.6, 110.8, 57.8 and 134.9 mg/kg diet, respectively.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Hui-Jun</ForeName><Initials>HJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jiang</LastName><ForeName>Wei-Dan</ForeName><Initials>WD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>Lin</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Yang</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName><ForeName>Pei</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jiang</LastName><ForeName>Jun</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kuang</LastName><ForeName>Sheng-Yao</ForeName><Initials>SY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tang</LastName><ForeName>Ling</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tang</LastName><ForeName>Wu-Neng</ForeName><Initials>WN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Yong-An</ForeName><Initials>YA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>Xiao-Qiu</ForeName><Initials>XQ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. Electronic address: xqzhouqq@tom.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>15</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Fish Shellfish Immunol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9505220</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1050-4648</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D029941">Fish Proteins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>PQ6CK8PD0R</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D001205">Ascorbic Acid</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000821" MajorTopicYN="N">Animal Feed</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001205" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ascorbic Acid</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001206" MajorTopicYN="N">Ascorbic Acid Deficiency</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="Y">veterinary</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002347" MajorTopicYN="N">Carps</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004032" MajorTopicYN="N">Diet</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="Y">veterinary</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019587" MajorTopicYN="Y">Dietary Supplements</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005393" MajorTopicYN="N">Fish Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000178" MajorTopicYN="N">diet therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D029941" MajorTopicYN="N">Fish Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D045826" MajorTopicYN="N">Flavobacteriaceae Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000178" MajorTopicYN="N">diet therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="Y">veterinary</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005417" MajorTopicYN="N">Flavobacterium</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005880" MajorTopicYN="N">Gills</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007113" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunity, Innate</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011897" MajorTopicYN="N">Random Allocation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Gill</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Immune barrier</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Physical barrier</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Vitamin C</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27640333</ArticleId><ArticleId 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