Sexual homomorphism in dioecious trees: extensive tests fail to detect sexual dimorphism in Populus †.
Identifieur interne : 001321 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001320; suivant : 001322Sexual homomorphism in dioecious trees: extensive tests fail to detect sexual dimorphism in Populus †.
Auteurs : Athena D. Mckown ; Jaroslav Klápšt ; Robert D. Guy ; Raju Y. Soolanayakanahally ; Jonathan La Mantia ; Ilga Porth ; Oleksandr Skyba ; Faride Unda ; Carl J. Douglas ; Yousry A. El-Kassaby ; Richard C. Hamelin ; Shawn D. Mansfield ; Quentin C B. CronkSource :
- Scientific reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The evolution of sexual dimorphism and expansion of sex chromosomes are both driven through sexual conflict, arising from differing fitness optima between males and females. Here, we pair work in poplar (Populus) describing one of the smallest sex-determining regions known thus far in complex eukaryotes (~100 kbp) with comprehensive tests for sexual dimorphism using >1300 individuals from two Populus species and assessing 96 non-reproductive functional traits. Against expectation, we found sexual homomorphism (no non-reproductive trait differences between the sexes), suggesting that gender is functionally neutral with respect to non-reproductive features that affect plant survival and fitness. Combined with a small sex-determining region, we infer that sexual conflict may be effectively stymied or non-existent within these taxa. Both sexual homomorphism and the small sex-determining region occur against a background of strong environmental selection and local adaptation in Populus. This presents a powerful hypothesis for the evolution of dioecious species. Here, we suggest that environmental selection may be sufficient to suppress and stymy sexual conflict if it acts orthogonal to sexual selection, thereby placing limitations on the evolution of sexual dimorphism and genomic expansion of sex chromosomes.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01893-z
PubMed: 28500332
PubMed Central: PMC5431824
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sexual homomorphism in dioecious trees: extensive tests fail to detect sexual dimorphism in Populus <sup>†</sup>.</title><author><name sortKey="Mckown, Athena D" sort="Mckown, Athena D" uniqKey="Mckown A" first="Athena D" last="Mckown">Athena D. Mckown</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. admckown@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klapst, Jaroslav" sort="Klapst, Jaroslav" uniqKey="Klapst J" first="Jaroslav" last="Klápšt">Jaroslav Klápšt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Whakarewarewa, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guy, Robert D" sort="Guy, Robert D" uniqKey="Guy R" first="Robert D" last="Guy">Robert D. 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Douglas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Kassaby, Yousry A" sort="El Kassaby, Yousry A" uniqKey="El Kassaby Y" first="Yousry A" last="El-Kassaby">Yousry A. El-Kassaby</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamelin, Richard C" sort="Hamelin, Richard C" uniqKey="Hamelin R" first="Richard C" last="Hamelin">Richard C. Hamelin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mansfield, Shawn D" sort="Mansfield, Shawn D" uniqKey="Mansfield S" first="Shawn D" last="Mansfield">Shawn D. Mansfield</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cronk, Quentin C B" sort="Cronk, Quentin C B" uniqKey="Cronk Q" first="Quentin C B" last="Cronk">Quentin C B. Cronk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28500332</idno><idno type="pmid">28500332</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/s41598-017-01893-z</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC5431824</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001321</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001321</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Sexual homomorphism in dioecious trees: extensive tests fail to detect sexual dimorphism in Populus <sup>†</sup>.</title><author><name sortKey="Mckown, Athena D" sort="Mckown, Athena D" uniqKey="Mckown A" first="Athena D" last="Mckown">Athena D. Mckown</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. admckown@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klapst, Jaroslav" sort="Klapst, Jaroslav" uniqKey="Klapst J" first="Jaroslav" last="Klápšt">Jaroslav Klápšt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Whakarewarewa, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guy, Robert D" sort="Guy, Robert D" uniqKey="Guy R" first="Robert D" last="Guy">Robert D. Guy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soolanayakanahally, Raju Y" sort="Soolanayakanahally, Raju Y" uniqKey="Soolanayakanahally R" first="Raju Y" last="Soolanayakanahally">Raju Y. Soolanayakanahally</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Mantia, Jonathan" sort="La Mantia, Jonathan" uniqKey="La Mantia J" first="Jonathan" last="La Mantia">Jonathan La Mantia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Corn and Soybean Research, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porth, Ilga" sort="Porth, Ilga" uniqKey="Porth I" first="Ilga" last="Porth">Ilga Porth</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skyba, Oleksandr" sort="Skyba, Oleksandr" uniqKey="Skyba O" first="Oleksandr" last="Skyba">Oleksandr Skyba</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Unda, Faride" sort="Unda, Faride" uniqKey="Unda F" first="Faride" last="Unda">Faride Unda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Douglas, Carl J" sort="Douglas, Carl J" uniqKey="Douglas C" first="Carl J" last="Douglas">Carl J. Douglas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Kassaby, Yousry A" sort="El Kassaby, Yousry A" uniqKey="El Kassaby Y" first="Yousry A" last="El-Kassaby">Yousry A. El-Kassaby</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamelin, Richard C" sort="Hamelin, Richard C" uniqKey="Hamelin R" first="Richard C" last="Hamelin">Richard C. Hamelin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mansfield, Shawn D" sort="Mansfield, Shawn D" uniqKey="Mansfield S" first="Shawn D" last="Mansfield">Shawn D. Mansfield</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cronk, Quentin C B" sort="Cronk, Quentin C B" uniqKey="Cronk Q" first="Quentin C B" last="Cronk">Quentin C B. Cronk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The evolution of sexual dimorphism and expansion of sex chromosomes are both driven through sexual conflict, arising from differing fitness optima between males and females. Here, we pair work in poplar (Populus) describing one of the smallest sex-determining regions known thus far in complex eukaryotes (~100 kbp) with comprehensive tests for sexual dimorphism using >1300 individuals from two Populus species and assessing 96 non-reproductive functional traits. Against expectation, we found sexual homomorphism (no non-reproductive trait differences between the sexes), suggesting that gender is functionally neutral with respect to non-reproductive features that affect plant survival and fitness. Combined with a small sex-determining region, we infer that sexual conflict may be effectively stymied or non-existent within these taxa. Both sexual homomorphism and the small sex-determining region occur against a background of strong environmental selection and local adaptation in Populus. This presents a powerful hypothesis for the evolution of dioecious species. Here, we suggest that environmental selection may be sufficient to suppress and stymy sexual conflict if it acts orthogonal to sexual selection, thereby placing limitations on the evolution of sexual dimorphism and genomic expansion of sex chromosomes.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28500332</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2045-2322</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>7</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>12</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Scientific reports</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Rep</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Sexual homomorphism in dioecious trees: extensive tests fail to detect sexual dimorphism in Populus <sup>†</sup>.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1831</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41598-017-01893-z</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The evolution of sexual dimorphism and expansion of sex chromosomes are both driven through sexual conflict, arising from differing fitness optima between males and females. Here, we pair work in poplar (Populus) describing one of the smallest sex-determining regions known thus far in complex eukaryotes (~100 kbp) with comprehensive tests for sexual dimorphism using >1300 individuals from two Populus species and assessing 96 non-reproductive functional traits. Against expectation, we found sexual homomorphism (no non-reproductive trait differences between the sexes), suggesting that gender is functionally neutral with respect to non-reproductive features that affect plant survival and fitness. Combined with a small sex-determining region, we infer that sexual conflict may be effectively stymied or non-existent within these taxa. Both sexual homomorphism and the small sex-determining region occur against a background of strong environmental selection and local adaptation in Populus. This presents a powerful hypothesis for the evolution of dioecious species. Here, we suggest that environmental selection may be sufficient to suppress and stymy sexual conflict if it acts orthogonal to sexual selection, thereby placing limitations on the evolution of sexual dimorphism and genomic expansion of sex chromosomes.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McKown</LastName><ForeName>Athena D</ForeName><Initials>AD</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-9952</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. admckown@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Klápště</LastName><ForeName>Jaroslav</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5504-3735</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 165 21, Czech Republic.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Whakarewarewa, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guy</LastName><ForeName>Robert D</ForeName><Initials>RD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soolanayakanahally</LastName><ForeName>Raju Y</ForeName><Initials>RY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>La Mantia</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Corn and Soybean Research, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Porth</LastName><ForeName>Ilga</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Skyba</LastName><ForeName>Oleksandr</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Unda</LastName><ForeName>Faride</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Douglas</LastName><ForeName>Carl J</ForeName><Initials>CJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>El-Kassaby</LastName><ForeName>Yousry A</ForeName><Initials>YA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4887-8977</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hamelin</LastName><ForeName>Richard C</ForeName><Initials>RC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mansfield</LastName><ForeName>Shawn D</ForeName><Initials>SD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cronk</LastName><ForeName>Quentin C B</ForeName><Initials>QCB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>12</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Sci Rep</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101563288</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2045-2322</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="ErratumIn"><RefSource>Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 22;8(1):17410</RefSource><PMID Version="1">30467326</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>05</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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