Lack of consensus on an aging biology paradigm? A global survey reveals an agreement to disagree, and the need for an interdisciplinary framework.
Identifieur interne : 000182 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000181; suivant : 000183Lack of consensus on an aging biology paradigm? A global survey reveals an agreement to disagree, and the need for an interdisciplinary framework.
Auteurs : Alan A. Cohen ; Brian K. Kennedy ; Ulrich Anglas ; Anne M. Bronikowski ; Joris Deelen ; Frédérik Dufour ; Gerardo Ferbeyre ; Luigi Ferrucci ; Claudio Franceschi ; Daniela Frasca ; Bertrand Friguet ; Pierrette Gaudreau ; Vadim N. Gladyshev ; Efstathios S. Gonos ; Vera Gorbunova ; Philipp Gut ; Mikhail Ivanchenko ; Véronique Legault ; Jean-François Lemaître ; Thomas Liontis ; Guang-Hui Liu ; Mingxin Liu ; Andrea B. Maier ; Otávio T. N Brega ; Marcel G M. Olde Rikkert ; Graham Pawelec ; Sylvie Rheault ; Alistair M. Senior ; Andreas Simm ; Sonja Soo ; Annika Traa ; Svetlana Ukraintseva ; Quentin Vanhaelen ; Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk ; Jacek M. Witkowski ; Anatoliy I. Yashin ; Robert Ziman ; Tamàs FülöpSource :
- Mechanisms of ageing and development [ 1872-6216 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
At a recent symposium on aging biology, a debate was held as to whether or not we know what biological aging is. Most of the participants were struck not only by the lack of consensus on this core question, but also on many basic tenets of the field. Accordingly, we undertook a systematic survey of our 71 participants on key questions that were raised during the debate and symposium, eliciting 37 responses. The results confirmed the impression from the symposium: there is marked disagreement on the most fundamental questions in the field, and little consensus on anything other than the heterogeneous nature of aging processes. Areas of major disagreement included what participants viewed as the essence of aging, when it begins, whether aging is programmed or not, whether we currently have a good understanding of aging mechanisms, whether aging is or will be quantifiable, whether aging will be treatable, and whether many non-aging species exist. These disagreements lay bare the urgent need for a more unified and cross-disciplinary paradigm in the biology of aging that will clarify both areas of agreement and disagreement, allowing research to proceed more efficiently. We suggest directions to encourage the emergence of such a paradigm.
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111316
PubMed: 32693105
PubMed Central: PMC7603428
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Lack of consensus on an aging biology paradigm? A global survey reveals an agreement to disagree, and the need for an interdisciplinary framework.</title><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Alan A" sort="Cohen, Alan A" uniqKey="Cohen A" first="Alan A" last="Cohen">Alan A. Cohen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Alan.Cohen@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, Brian K" sort="Kennedy, Brian K" uniqKey="Kennedy B" first="Brian K" last="Kennedy">Brian K. Kennedy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore; National University Health System (NUHS) Centre for Healthy Longevity, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore; Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A⁎STAR, Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Dr., 117609, Singapore; Buck Institute for Research on Ageing, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, United States. Electronic address: bkennedy@nus.edu.sg.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anglas, Ulrich" sort="Anglas, Ulrich" uniqKey="Anglas U" first="Ulrich" last="Anglas">Ulrich Anglas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: ulrich.anglas@mail.mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bronikowski, Anne M" sort="Bronikowski, Anne M" uniqKey="Bronikowski A" first="Anne M" last="Bronikowski">Anne M. Bronikowski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States. Electronic address: abroniko@iastate.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deelen, Joris" sort="Deelen, Joris" uniqKey="Deelen J" first="Joris" last="Deelen">Joris Deelen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, PO Box 41 06 23, 50866, Cologne, Germany; Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands. Electronic address: Joris.Deelen@age.mpg.de.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dufour, Frederik" sort="Dufour, Frederik" uniqKey="Dufour F" first="Frédérik" last="Dufour">Frédérik Dufour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Frederik.Dufour@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferbeyre, Gerardo" sort="Ferbeyre, Gerardo" uniqKey="Ferbeyre G" first="Gerardo" last="Ferbeyre">Gerardo Ferbeyre</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada. Electronic address: g.ferbeyre@umontreal.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, 3001 S. Hanover Street, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States. Electronic address: FerrucciLu@grc.nia.nih.gov.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franceschi, Claudio" sort="Franceschi, Claudio" uniqKey="Franceschi C" first="Claudio" last="Franceschi">Claudio Franceschi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 33 Via Zamboni, Bologna, 40126 BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Padiglione G, 3 Via Altura, Bologna, 40139, BO, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950, Nizhnij Novgorod, Russia. Electronic address: claudio.franceschi@unibo.it.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frasca, Daniela" sort="Frasca, Daniela" uniqKey="Frasca D" first="Daniela" last="Frasca">Daniela Frasca</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, United States. Electronic address: dfrasca@med.miami.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friguet, Bertrand" sort="Friguet, Bertrand" uniqKey="Friguet B" first="Bertrand" last="Friguet">Bertrand Friguet</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut De Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France. Electronic address: bertrand.friguet@sorbonne-universite.fr.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaudreau, Pierrette" sort="Gaudreau, Pierrette" uniqKey="Gaudreau P" first="Pierrette" last="Gaudreau">Pierrette Gaudreau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université De Montréal, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. Electronic address: pierrette.gaudreau@umontreal.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gladyshev, Vadim N" sort="Gladyshev, Vadim N" uniqKey="Gladyshev V" first="Vadim N" last="Gladyshev">Vadim N. Gladyshev</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, United States. Electronic address: vgladyshev@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonos, Efstathios S" sort="Gonos, Efstathios S" uniqKey="Gonos E" first="Efstathios S" last="Gonos">Efstathios S. Gonos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece. Electronic address: sgonos@eie.gr.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorbunova, Vera" sort="Gorbunova, Vera" uniqKey="Gorbunova V" first="Vera" last="Gorbunova">Vera Gorbunova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester, NY, 14627, United States. Electronic address: vera.gorbunova@rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gut, Philipp" sort="Gut, Philipp" uniqKey="Gut P" first="Philipp" last="Gut">Philipp Gut</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Philipp.Gut@rd.nestle.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivanchenko, Mikhail" sort="Ivanchenko, Mikhail" uniqKey="Ivanchenko M" first="Mikhail" last="Ivanchenko">Mikhail Ivanchenko</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Electronic address: ivanchenko.mv@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Legault, Veronique" sort="Legault, Veronique" uniqKey="Legault V" first="Véronique" last="Legault">Véronique Legault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Veronique.Legault@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemaitre, Jean Francois" sort="Lemaitre, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Lemaitre J" first="Jean-François" last="Lemaître">Jean-François Lemaître</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: jean-francois.lemaitre@univ-lyon1.fr.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liontis, Thomas" sort="Liontis, Thomas" uniqKey="Liontis T" first="Thomas" last="Liontis">Thomas Liontis</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: thomas.liontis@mail.mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Guang Hui" sort="Liu, Guang Hui" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Guang-Hui" last="Liu">Guang-Hui Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China. Electronic address: ghliu@ioz.ac.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Mingxin" sort="Liu, Mingxin" uniqKey="Liu M" first="Mingxin" last="Liu">Mingxin Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Mingxin.Liu@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maier, Andrea B" sort="Maier, Andrea B" uniqKey="Maier A" first="Andrea B" last="Maier">Andrea B. Maier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, 34-54 Poplar Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.b.maier@vu.nl.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="N Brega, Otavio T" sort="N Brega, Otavio T" uniqKey="N Brega O" first="Otávio T" last="N Brega">Otávio T. N Brega</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical Centre for the Elderly, University Hospital, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centre De Recherche De l'Institut Universitaire De Gériatrie De Montréal (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montreal, Qc, H3W 1W5, Canada. Electronic address: otavionobrega@unb.br.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olde Rikkert, Marcel G M" sort="Olde Rikkert, Marcel G M" uniqKey="Olde Rikkert M" first="Marcel G M" last="Olde Rikkert">Marcel G M. Olde Rikkert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: marcel.olderikkert@radboudumc.nl.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pawelec, Graham" sort="Pawelec, Graham" uniqKey="Pawelec G" first="Graham" last="Pawelec">Graham Pawelec</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H2, Canada. Electronic address: graham.pawelec@uni-tuebingen.de.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rheault, Sylvie" sort="Rheault, Sylvie" uniqKey="Rheault S" first="Sylvie" last="Rheault">Sylvie Rheault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Département De Neurosciences, Université De Montréal, 2960 Chemin De La Tour, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre De Recherche De l'Institut Universitaire De Gériatrie De Montréal, 4545 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, QC, H3W 1W4, Canada. Electronic address: sylvie.rheault@umontreal.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Senior, Alistair M" sort="Senior, Alistair M" uniqKey="Senior A" first="Alistair M" last="Senior">Alistair M. Senior</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia. Electronic address: alistair.senior@sydney.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simm, Andreas" sort="Simm, Andreas" uniqKey="Simm A" first="Andreas" last="Simm">Andreas Simm</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Middle German Heart Centre, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube Str. 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. Electronic address: andreas.simm@uk-halle.de.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soo, Sonja" sort="Soo, Sonja" uniqKey="Soo S" first="Sonja" last="Soo">Sonja Soo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: sonja.soo@mail.mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Traa, Annika" sort="Traa, Annika" uniqKey="Traa A" first="Annika" last="Traa">Annika Traa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: annika.traa@mail.mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ukraintseva, Svetlana" sort="Ukraintseva, Svetlana" uniqKey="Ukraintseva S" first="Svetlana" last="Ukraintseva">Svetlana Ukraintseva</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, United States. Electronic address: svetlana.ukraintseva@duke.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vanhaelen, Quentin" sort="Vanhaelen, Quentin" uniqKey="Vanhaelen Q" first="Quentin" last="Vanhaelen">Quentin Vanhaelen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., 307A, Core Building 1, 1 Science Park East Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong. Electronic address: vanhaelen@insilicomedicine.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Raamsdonk, Jeremy M" sort="Van Raamsdonk, Jeremy M" uniqKey="Van Raamsdonk J" first="Jeremy M" last="Van Raamsdonk">Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Electronic address: jeremy.vanraamsdonk@mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witkowski, Jacek M" sort="Witkowski, Jacek M" uniqKey="Witkowski J" first="Jacek M" last="Witkowski">Jacek M. Witkowski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Street, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: jawit@gumed.edu.pl.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yashin, Anatoliy I" sort="Yashin, Anatoliy I" uniqKey="Yashin A" first="Anatoliy I" last="Yashin">Anatoliy I. Yashin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, United States. Electronic address: aiy@duke.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ziman, Robert" sort="Ziman, Robert" uniqKey="Ziman R" first="Robert" last="Ziman">Robert Ziman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Robert.Ziman@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fulop, Tamas" sort="Fulop, Tamas" uniqKey="Fulop T" first="Tamàs" last="Fülöp">Tamàs Fülöp</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada; Research Center on Aging, 1036 Rue Belvédère S, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada. Electronic address: Tamas.Fulop@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32693105</idno><idno type="pmid">32693105</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.mad.2020.111316</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7603428</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000182</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000182</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Lack of consensus on an aging biology paradigm? A global survey reveals an agreement to disagree, and the need for an interdisciplinary framework.</title><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Alan A" sort="Cohen, Alan A" uniqKey="Cohen A" first="Alan A" last="Cohen">Alan A. Cohen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Alan.Cohen@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, Brian K" sort="Kennedy, Brian K" uniqKey="Kennedy B" first="Brian K" last="Kennedy">Brian K. Kennedy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore; National University Health System (NUHS) Centre for Healthy Longevity, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore; Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A⁎STAR, Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Dr., 117609, Singapore; Buck Institute for Research on Ageing, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, United States. Electronic address: bkennedy@nus.edu.sg.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anglas, Ulrich" sort="Anglas, Ulrich" uniqKey="Anglas U" first="Ulrich" last="Anglas">Ulrich Anglas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: ulrich.anglas@mail.mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bronikowski, Anne M" sort="Bronikowski, Anne M" uniqKey="Bronikowski A" first="Anne M" last="Bronikowski">Anne M. Bronikowski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States. Electronic address: abroniko@iastate.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deelen, Joris" sort="Deelen, Joris" uniqKey="Deelen J" first="Joris" last="Deelen">Joris Deelen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, PO Box 41 06 23, 50866, Cologne, Germany; Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands. Electronic address: Joris.Deelen@age.mpg.de.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dufour, Frederik" sort="Dufour, Frederik" uniqKey="Dufour F" first="Frédérik" last="Dufour">Frédérik Dufour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Frederik.Dufour@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferbeyre, Gerardo" sort="Ferbeyre, Gerardo" uniqKey="Ferbeyre G" first="Gerardo" last="Ferbeyre">Gerardo Ferbeyre</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada. Electronic address: g.ferbeyre@umontreal.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrucci, Luigi" sort="Ferrucci, Luigi" uniqKey="Ferrucci L" first="Luigi" last="Ferrucci">Luigi Ferrucci</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, 3001 S. Hanover Street, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States. Electronic address: FerrucciLu@grc.nia.nih.gov.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franceschi, Claudio" sort="Franceschi, Claudio" uniqKey="Franceschi C" first="Claudio" last="Franceschi">Claudio Franceschi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 33 Via Zamboni, Bologna, 40126 BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Padiglione G, 3 Via Altura, Bologna, 40139, BO, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950, Nizhnij Novgorod, Russia. Electronic address: claudio.franceschi@unibo.it.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frasca, Daniela" sort="Frasca, Daniela" uniqKey="Frasca D" first="Daniela" last="Frasca">Daniela Frasca</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, United States. Electronic address: dfrasca@med.miami.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friguet, Bertrand" sort="Friguet, Bertrand" uniqKey="Friguet B" first="Bertrand" last="Friguet">Bertrand Friguet</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut De Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France. Electronic address: bertrand.friguet@sorbonne-universite.fr.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaudreau, Pierrette" sort="Gaudreau, Pierrette" uniqKey="Gaudreau P" first="Pierrette" last="Gaudreau">Pierrette Gaudreau</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université De Montréal, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. Electronic address: pierrette.gaudreau@umontreal.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gladyshev, Vadim N" sort="Gladyshev, Vadim N" uniqKey="Gladyshev V" first="Vadim N" last="Gladyshev">Vadim N. Gladyshev</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, United States. Electronic address: vgladyshev@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonos, Efstathios S" sort="Gonos, Efstathios S" uniqKey="Gonos E" first="Efstathios S" last="Gonos">Efstathios S. Gonos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece. Electronic address: sgonos@eie.gr.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorbunova, Vera" sort="Gorbunova, Vera" uniqKey="Gorbunova V" first="Vera" last="Gorbunova">Vera Gorbunova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester, NY, 14627, United States. Electronic address: vera.gorbunova@rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gut, Philipp" sort="Gut, Philipp" uniqKey="Gut P" first="Philipp" last="Gut">Philipp Gut</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Philipp.Gut@rd.nestle.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivanchenko, Mikhail" sort="Ivanchenko, Mikhail" uniqKey="Ivanchenko M" first="Mikhail" last="Ivanchenko">Mikhail Ivanchenko</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Electronic address: ivanchenko.mv@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Legault, Veronique" sort="Legault, Veronique" uniqKey="Legault V" first="Véronique" last="Legault">Véronique Legault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Veronique.Legault@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemaitre, Jean Francois" sort="Lemaitre, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Lemaitre J" first="Jean-François" last="Lemaître">Jean-François Lemaître</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: jean-francois.lemaitre@univ-lyon1.fr.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liontis, Thomas" sort="Liontis, Thomas" uniqKey="Liontis T" first="Thomas" last="Liontis">Thomas Liontis</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: thomas.liontis@mail.mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Guang Hui" sort="Liu, Guang Hui" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Guang-Hui" last="Liu">Guang-Hui Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China. Electronic address: ghliu@ioz.ac.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Mingxin" sort="Liu, Mingxin" uniqKey="Liu M" first="Mingxin" last="Liu">Mingxin Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Mingxin.Liu@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maier, Andrea B" sort="Maier, Andrea B" uniqKey="Maier A" first="Andrea B" last="Maier">Andrea B. Maier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, 34-54 Poplar Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.b.maier@vu.nl.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="N Brega, Otavio T" sort="N Brega, Otavio T" uniqKey="N Brega O" first="Otávio T" last="N Brega">Otávio T. N Brega</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medical Centre for the Elderly, University Hospital, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centre De Recherche De l'Institut Universitaire De Gériatrie De Montréal (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montreal, Qc, H3W 1W5, Canada. Electronic address: otavionobrega@unb.br.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olde Rikkert, Marcel G M" sort="Olde Rikkert, Marcel G M" uniqKey="Olde Rikkert M" first="Marcel G M" last="Olde Rikkert">Marcel G M. Olde Rikkert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: marcel.olderikkert@radboudumc.nl.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pawelec, Graham" sort="Pawelec, Graham" uniqKey="Pawelec G" first="Graham" last="Pawelec">Graham Pawelec</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H2, Canada. Electronic address: graham.pawelec@uni-tuebingen.de.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rheault, Sylvie" sort="Rheault, Sylvie" uniqKey="Rheault S" first="Sylvie" last="Rheault">Sylvie Rheault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Département De Neurosciences, Université De Montréal, 2960 Chemin De La Tour, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre De Recherche De l'Institut Universitaire De Gériatrie De Montréal, 4545 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, QC, H3W 1W4, Canada. Electronic address: sylvie.rheault@umontreal.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Senior, Alistair M" sort="Senior, Alistair M" uniqKey="Senior A" first="Alistair M" last="Senior">Alistair M. Senior</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia. Electronic address: alistair.senior@sydney.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simm, Andreas" sort="Simm, Andreas" uniqKey="Simm A" first="Andreas" last="Simm">Andreas Simm</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Middle German Heart Centre, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube Str. 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. Electronic address: andreas.simm@uk-halle.de.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soo, Sonja" sort="Soo, Sonja" uniqKey="Soo S" first="Sonja" last="Soo">Sonja Soo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: sonja.soo@mail.mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Traa, Annika" sort="Traa, Annika" uniqKey="Traa A" first="Annika" last="Traa">Annika Traa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: annika.traa@mail.mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ukraintseva, Svetlana" sort="Ukraintseva, Svetlana" uniqKey="Ukraintseva S" first="Svetlana" last="Ukraintseva">Svetlana Ukraintseva</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, United States. Electronic address: svetlana.ukraintseva@duke.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vanhaelen, Quentin" sort="Vanhaelen, Quentin" uniqKey="Vanhaelen Q" first="Quentin" last="Vanhaelen">Quentin Vanhaelen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., 307A, Core Building 1, 1 Science Park East Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong. Electronic address: vanhaelen@insilicomedicine.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Raamsdonk, Jeremy M" sort="Van Raamsdonk, Jeremy M" uniqKey="Van Raamsdonk J" first="Jeremy M" last="Van Raamsdonk">Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Electronic address: jeremy.vanraamsdonk@mcgill.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witkowski, Jacek M" sort="Witkowski, Jacek M" uniqKey="Witkowski J" first="Jacek M" last="Witkowski">Jacek M. Witkowski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Street, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: jawit@gumed.edu.pl.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yashin, Anatoliy I" sort="Yashin, Anatoliy I" uniqKey="Yashin A" first="Anatoliy I" last="Yashin">Anatoliy I. Yashin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, United States. Electronic address: aiy@duke.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ziman, Robert" sort="Ziman, Robert" uniqKey="Ziman R" first="Robert" last="Ziman">Robert Ziman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Robert.Ziman@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fulop, Tamas" sort="Fulop, Tamas" uniqKey="Fulop T" first="Tamàs" last="Fülöp">Tamàs Fülöp</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada; Research Center on Aging, 1036 Rue Belvédère S, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada. Electronic address: Tamas.Fulop@USherbrooke.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Mechanisms of ageing and development</title><idno type="eISSN">1872-6216</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">At a recent symposium on aging biology, a debate was held as to whether or not we know what biological aging is. Most of the participants were struck not only by the lack of consensus on this core question, but also on many basic tenets of the field. Accordingly, we undertook a systematic survey of our 71 participants on key questions that were raised during the debate and symposium, eliciting 37 responses. The results confirmed the impression from the symposium: there is marked disagreement on the most fundamental questions in the field, and little consensus on anything other than the heterogeneous nature of aging processes. Areas of major disagreement included what participants viewed as the essence of aging, when it begins, whether aging is programmed or not, whether we currently have a good understanding of aging mechanisms, whether aging is or will be quantifiable, whether aging will be treatable, and whether many non-aging species exist. These disagreements lay bare the urgent need for a more unified and cross-disciplinary paradigm in the biology of aging that will clarify both areas of agreement and disagreement, allowing research to proceed more efficiently. We suggest directions to encourage the emergence of such a paradigm.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32693105</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>03</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1872-6216</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>191</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Mechanisms of ageing and development</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Mech Ageing Dev</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Lack of consensus on an aging biology paradigm? A global survey reveals an agreement to disagree, and the need for an interdisciplinary framework.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>111316</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0047-6374(20)30112-3</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.mad.2020.111316</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>At a recent symposium on aging biology, a debate was held as to whether or not we know what biological aging is. Most of the participants were struck not only by the lack of consensus on this core question, but also on many basic tenets of the field. Accordingly, we undertook a systematic survey of our 71 participants on key questions that were raised during the debate and symposium, eliciting 37 responses. The results confirmed the impression from the symposium: there is marked disagreement on the most fundamental questions in the field, and little consensus on anything other than the heterogeneous nature of aging processes. Areas of major disagreement included what participants viewed as the essence of aging, when it begins, whether aging is programmed or not, whether we currently have a good understanding of aging mechanisms, whether aging is or will be quantifiable, whether aging will be treatable, and whether many non-aging species exist. These disagreements lay bare the urgent need for a more unified and cross-disciplinary paradigm in the biology of aging that will clarify both areas of agreement and disagreement, allowing research to proceed more efficiently. We suggest directions to encourage the emergence of such a paradigm.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cohen</LastName><ForeName>Alan A</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Alan.Cohen@USherbrooke.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kennedy</LastName><ForeName>Brian K</ForeName><Initials>BK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore; National University Health System (NUHS) Centre for Healthy Longevity, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore; Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A⁎STAR, Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Dr., 117609, Singapore; Buck Institute for Research on Ageing, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, United States. Electronic address: bkennedy@nus.edu.sg.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anglas</LastName><ForeName>Ulrich</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: ulrich.anglas@mail.mcgill.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bronikowski</LastName><ForeName>Anne M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States. Electronic address: abroniko@iastate.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deelen</LastName><ForeName>Joris</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, PO Box 41 06 23, 50866, Cologne, Germany; Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands. Electronic address: Joris.Deelen@age.mpg.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dufour</LastName><ForeName>Frédérik</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Frederik.Dufour@USherbrooke.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferbeyre</LastName><ForeName>Gerardo</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada. Electronic address: g.ferbeyre@umontreal.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferrucci</LastName><ForeName>Luigi</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, 3001 S. Hanover Street, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States. Electronic address: FerrucciLu@grc.nia.nih.gov.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Franceschi</LastName><ForeName>Claudio</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 33 Via Zamboni, Bologna, 40126 BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Padiglione G, 3 Via Altura, Bologna, 40139, BO, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950, Nizhnij Novgorod, Russia. Electronic address: claudio.franceschi@unibo.it.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frasca</LastName><ForeName>Daniela</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, United States. Electronic address: dfrasca@med.miami.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Friguet</LastName><ForeName>Bertrand</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut De Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France. Electronic address: bertrand.friguet@sorbonne-universite.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gaudreau</LastName><ForeName>Pierrette</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université De Montréal, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. Electronic address: pierrette.gaudreau@umontreal.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gladyshev</LastName><ForeName>Vadim N</ForeName><Initials>VN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, United States. Electronic address: vgladyshev@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gonos</LastName><ForeName>Efstathios S</ForeName><Initials>ES</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece. Electronic address: sgonos@eie.gr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gorbunova</LastName><ForeName>Vera</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester, NY, 14627, United States. Electronic address: vera.gorbunova@rochester.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gut</LastName><ForeName>Philipp</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Philipp.Gut@rd.nestle.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ivanchenko</LastName><ForeName>Mikhail</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Electronic address: ivanchenko.mv@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Legault</LastName><ForeName>Véronique</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Veronique.Legault@USherbrooke.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lemaître</LastName><ForeName>Jean-François</ForeName><Initials>JF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: jean-francois.lemaitre@univ-lyon1.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liontis</LastName><ForeName>Thomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: thomas.liontis@mail.mcgill.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Guang-Hui</ForeName><Initials>GH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China. Electronic address: ghliu@ioz.ac.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Mingxin</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Mingxin.Liu@USherbrooke.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maier</LastName><ForeName>Andrea B</ForeName><Initials>AB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, 34-54 Poplar Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.b.maier@vu.nl.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nóbrega</LastName><ForeName>Otávio T</ForeName><Initials>OT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Centre for the Elderly, University Hospital, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centre De Recherche De l'Institut Universitaire De Gériatrie De Montréal (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montreal, Qc, H3W 1W5, Canada. Electronic address: otavionobrega@unb.br.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Olde Rikkert</LastName><ForeName>Marcel G M</ForeName><Initials>MGM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: marcel.olderikkert@radboudumc.nl.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pawelec</LastName><ForeName>Graham</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H2, Canada. Electronic address: graham.pawelec@uni-tuebingen.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rheault</LastName><ForeName>Sylvie</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Département De Neurosciences, Université De Montréal, 2960 Chemin De La Tour, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre De Recherche De l'Institut Universitaire De Gériatrie De Montréal, 4545 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, QC, H3W 1W4, Canada. Electronic address: sylvie.rheault@umontreal.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Senior</LastName><ForeName>Alistair M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia. Electronic address: alistair.senior@sydney.edu.au.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Simm</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Middle German Heart Centre, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube Str. 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. Electronic address: andreas.simm@uk-halle.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soo</LastName><ForeName>Sonja</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: sonja.soo@mail.mcgill.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Traa</LastName><ForeName>Annika</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada. Electronic address: annika.traa@mail.mcgill.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ukraintseva</LastName><ForeName>Svetlana</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, United States. Electronic address: svetlana.ukraintseva@duke.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vanhaelen</LastName><ForeName>Quentin</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., 307A, Core Building 1, 1 Science Park East Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong. Electronic address: vanhaelen@insilicomedicine.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van Raamsdonk</LastName><ForeName>Jeremy M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Electronic address: jeremy.vanraamsdonk@mcgill.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Witkowski</LastName><ForeName>Jacek M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Street, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: jawit@gumed.edu.pl.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yashin</LastName><ForeName>Anatoliy I</ForeName><Initials>AI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, United States. Electronic address: aiy@duke.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ziman</LastName><ForeName>Robert</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. Electronic address: Robert.Ziman@USherbrooke.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fülöp</LastName><ForeName>Tamàs</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada; Research Center on Aging, 1036 Rue Belvédère S, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada. Electronic address: Tamas.Fulop@USherbrooke.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R37 AG023717</GrantID><Acronym>AG</Acronym><Agency>NIA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R56 AG059719</GrantID><Acronym>AG</Acronym><Agency>NIA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AG023717</GrantID><Acronym>AG</Acronym><Agency>NIA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U19 AG063893</GrantID><Acronym>AG</Acronym><Agency>NIA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AG070487</GrantID><Acronym>AG</Acronym><Agency>NIA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>RF1 AG046860</GrantID><Acronym>AG</Acronym><Agency>NIA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AG062623</GrantID><Acronym>AG</Acronym><Agency>NIA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>18</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Ireland</Country><MedlineTA>Mech Ageing Dev</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0347227</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0047-6374</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Aging</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Aging interventions</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Aging mechanisms</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Aging paradigm</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Biology of aging</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Epidemiology of aging</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Evolution of aging</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Philosophy of 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