Regional-Scale In-Depth Analysis of Soil Fungal Diversity Reveals Strong pH and Plant Species Effects in Northern Europe.
Identifieur interne : 000079 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000078; suivant : 000080Regional-Scale In-Depth Analysis of Soil Fungal Diversity Reveals Strong pH and Plant Species Effects in Northern Europe.
Auteurs : Leho Tedersoo ; Sten Anslan ; Mohammad Bahram ; Rein Drenkhan ; Karin Pritsch ; Franz Buegger ; Allar Padari ; Niloufar Hagh-Doust ; Vladimir Mikryukov ; Daniyal Gohar ; Rasekh Amiri ; Indrek Hiiesalu ; Reimo Lutter ; Raul Rosenvald ; Elisabeth R Hn ; Kalev Adamson ; Tiia Drenkhan ; Hardi Tullus ; Katrin Jürimaa ; Ivar Sibul ; Eveli Otsing ; Sergei P Lme ; Marek Metslaid ; Kaire Loit ; Ahto Agan ; Rasmus Puusepp ; Inge Varik ; Urmas K Ljalg ; Kessy AbarenkovSource :
- Frontiers in microbiology [ 1664-302X ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Soil microbiome has a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning, yet little is known about its build-up from local to regional scales. In a multi-year regional-scale survey involving 1251 plots and long-read third-generation sequencing, we found that soil pH has the strongest effect on the diversity of fungi and its multiple taxonomic and functional groups. The pH effects were typically unimodal, usually both direct and indirect through tree species, soil nutrients or mold abundance. Individual tree species, particularly Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, and Populus x wettsteinii, and overall ectomycorrhizal plant proportion had relatively stronger effects on the diversity of biotrophic fungi than saprotrophic fungi. We found strong temporal sampling and investigator biases for the abundance of molds, but generally all spatial, temporal and microclimatic effects were weak. Richness of fungi and several functional groups was highest in woodlands and around ruins of buildings but lowest in bogs, with marked group-specific trends. In contrast to our expectations, diversity of soil fungi tended to be higher in forest island habitats potentially due to the edge effect, but fungal richness declined with island distance and in response to forest fragmentation. Virgin forests supported somewhat higher fungal diversity than old non-pristine forests, but there were no differences in richness between natural and anthropogenic habitats such as parks and coppiced gardens. Diversity of most fungal groups suffered from management of seminatural woodlands and parks and thinning of forests, but especially for forests the results depended on fungal group and time since partial harvesting. We conclude that the positive effects of tree diversity on overall fungal richness represent a combined niche effect of soil properties and intimate associations.
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01953
PubMed: 33013735
PubMed Central: PMC7510051
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Regional-Scale In-Depth Analysis of Soil Fungal Diversity Reveals Strong pH and Plant Species Effects in Northern Europe.</title><author><name sortKey="Tedersoo, Leho" sort="Tedersoo, Leho" uniqKey="Tedersoo L" first="Leho" last="Tedersoo">Leho Tedersoo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anslan, Sten" sort="Anslan, Sten" uniqKey="Anslan S" first="Sten" last="Anslan">Sten Anslan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bahram, Mohammad" sort="Bahram, Mohammad" uniqKey="Bahram M" first="Mohammad" last="Bahram">Mohammad Bahram</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drenkhan, Rein" sort="Drenkhan, Rein" uniqKey="Drenkhan R" first="Rein" last="Drenkhan">Rein Drenkhan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pritsch, Karin" sort="Pritsch, Karin" uniqKey="Pritsch K" first="Karin" last="Pritsch">Karin Pritsch</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buegger, Franz" sort="Buegger, Franz" uniqKey="Buegger F" first="Franz" last="Buegger">Franz Buegger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Padari, Allar" sort="Padari, Allar" uniqKey="Padari A" first="Allar" last="Padari">Allar Padari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagh Doust, Niloufar" sort="Hagh Doust, Niloufar" uniqKey="Hagh Doust N" first="Niloufar" last="Hagh-Doust">Niloufar Hagh-Doust</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mikryukov, Vladimir" sort="Mikryukov, Vladimir" uniqKey="Mikryukov V" first="Vladimir" last="Mikryukov">Vladimir Mikryukov</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Forest Management Planning and Wood Processing Technologies, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gohar, Daniyal" sort="Gohar, Daniyal" uniqKey="Gohar D" first="Daniyal" last="Gohar">Daniyal Gohar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amiri, Rasekh" sort="Amiri, Rasekh" uniqKey="Amiri R" first="Rasekh" last="Amiri">Rasekh Amiri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hiiesalu, Indrek" sort="Hiiesalu, Indrek" uniqKey="Hiiesalu I" first="Indrek" last="Hiiesalu">Indrek Hiiesalu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lutter, Reimo" sort="Lutter, Reimo" uniqKey="Lutter R" first="Reimo" last="Lutter">Reimo Lutter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenvald, Raul" sort="Rosenvald, Raul" uniqKey="Rosenvald R" first="Raul" last="Rosenvald">Raul Rosenvald</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="R Hn, Elisabeth" sort="R Hn, Elisabeth" uniqKey="R Hn E" first="Elisabeth" last="R Hn">Elisabeth R Hn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adamson, Kalev" sort="Adamson, Kalev" uniqKey="Adamson K" first="Kalev" last="Adamson">Kalev Adamson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drenkhan, Tiia" sort="Drenkhan, Tiia" uniqKey="Drenkhan T" first="Tiia" last="Drenkhan">Tiia Drenkhan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Forest Health and Biodiversity, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tullus, Hardi" sort="Tullus, Hardi" uniqKey="Tullus H" first="Hardi" last="Tullus">Hardi Tullus</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jurimaa, Katrin" sort="Jurimaa, Katrin" uniqKey="Jurimaa K" first="Katrin" last="Jürimaa">Katrin Jürimaa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sibul, Ivar" sort="Sibul, Ivar" uniqKey="Sibul I" first="Ivar" last="Sibul">Ivar Sibul</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otsing, Eveli" sort="Otsing, Eveli" uniqKey="Otsing E" first="Eveli" last="Otsing">Eveli Otsing</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Lme, Sergei" sort="P Lme, Sergei" uniqKey="P Lme S" first="Sergei" last="P Lme">Sergei P Lme</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metslaid, Marek" sort="Metslaid, Marek" uniqKey="Metslaid M" first="Marek" last="Metslaid">Marek Metslaid</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loit, Kaire" sort="Loit, Kaire" uniqKey="Loit K" first="Kaire" last="Loit">Kaire Loit</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agan, Ahto" sort="Agan, Ahto" uniqKey="Agan A" first="Ahto" last="Agan">Ahto Agan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puusepp, Rasmus" sort="Puusepp, Rasmus" uniqKey="Puusepp R" first="Rasmus" last="Puusepp">Rasmus Puusepp</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varik, Inge" sort="Varik, Inge" uniqKey="Varik I" first="Inge" last="Varik">Inge Varik</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Ljalg, Urmas" sort="K Ljalg, Urmas" uniqKey="K Ljalg U" first="Urmas" last="K Ljalg">Urmas K Ljalg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abarenkov, Kessy" sort="Abarenkov, Kessy" uniqKey="Abarenkov K" first="Kessy" last="Abarenkov">Kessy Abarenkov</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33013735</idno><idno type="pmid">33013735</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fmicb.2020.01953</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7510051</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000079</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000079</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Regional-Scale In-Depth Analysis of Soil Fungal Diversity Reveals Strong pH and Plant Species Effects in Northern Europe.</title><author><name sortKey="Tedersoo, Leho" sort="Tedersoo, Leho" uniqKey="Tedersoo L" first="Leho" last="Tedersoo">Leho Tedersoo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anslan, Sten" sort="Anslan, Sten" uniqKey="Anslan S" first="Sten" last="Anslan">Sten Anslan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bahram, Mohammad" sort="Bahram, Mohammad" uniqKey="Bahram M" first="Mohammad" last="Bahram">Mohammad Bahram</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drenkhan, Rein" sort="Drenkhan, Rein" uniqKey="Drenkhan R" first="Rein" last="Drenkhan">Rein Drenkhan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pritsch, Karin" sort="Pritsch, Karin" uniqKey="Pritsch K" first="Karin" last="Pritsch">Karin Pritsch</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buegger, Franz" sort="Buegger, Franz" uniqKey="Buegger F" first="Franz" last="Buegger">Franz Buegger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Padari, Allar" sort="Padari, Allar" uniqKey="Padari A" first="Allar" last="Padari">Allar Padari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagh Doust, Niloufar" sort="Hagh Doust, Niloufar" uniqKey="Hagh Doust N" first="Niloufar" last="Hagh-Doust">Niloufar Hagh-Doust</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mikryukov, Vladimir" sort="Mikryukov, Vladimir" uniqKey="Mikryukov V" first="Vladimir" last="Mikryukov">Vladimir Mikryukov</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Forest Management Planning and Wood Processing Technologies, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gohar, Daniyal" sort="Gohar, Daniyal" uniqKey="Gohar D" first="Daniyal" last="Gohar">Daniyal Gohar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amiri, Rasekh" sort="Amiri, Rasekh" uniqKey="Amiri R" first="Rasekh" last="Amiri">Rasekh Amiri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hiiesalu, Indrek" sort="Hiiesalu, Indrek" uniqKey="Hiiesalu I" first="Indrek" last="Hiiesalu">Indrek Hiiesalu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lutter, Reimo" sort="Lutter, Reimo" uniqKey="Lutter R" first="Reimo" last="Lutter">Reimo Lutter</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenvald, Raul" sort="Rosenvald, Raul" uniqKey="Rosenvald R" first="Raul" last="Rosenvald">Raul Rosenvald</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="R Hn, Elisabeth" sort="R Hn, Elisabeth" uniqKey="R Hn E" first="Elisabeth" last="R Hn">Elisabeth R Hn</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adamson, Kalev" sort="Adamson, Kalev" uniqKey="Adamson K" first="Kalev" last="Adamson">Kalev Adamson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drenkhan, Tiia" sort="Drenkhan, Tiia" uniqKey="Drenkhan T" first="Tiia" last="Drenkhan">Tiia Drenkhan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Forest Health and Biodiversity, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tullus, Hardi" sort="Tullus, Hardi" uniqKey="Tullus H" first="Hardi" last="Tullus">Hardi Tullus</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jurimaa, Katrin" sort="Jurimaa, Katrin" uniqKey="Jurimaa K" first="Katrin" last="Jürimaa">Katrin Jürimaa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sibul, Ivar" sort="Sibul, Ivar" uniqKey="Sibul I" first="Ivar" last="Sibul">Ivar Sibul</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otsing, Eveli" sort="Otsing, Eveli" uniqKey="Otsing E" first="Eveli" last="Otsing">Eveli Otsing</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Lme, Sergei" sort="P Lme, Sergei" uniqKey="P Lme S" first="Sergei" last="P Lme">Sergei P Lme</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metslaid, Marek" sort="Metslaid, Marek" uniqKey="Metslaid M" first="Marek" last="Metslaid">Marek Metslaid</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loit, Kaire" sort="Loit, Kaire" uniqKey="Loit K" first="Kaire" last="Loit">Kaire Loit</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chair of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agan, Ahto" sort="Agan, Ahto" uniqKey="Agan A" first="Ahto" last="Agan">Ahto Agan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puusepp, Rasmus" sort="Puusepp, Rasmus" uniqKey="Puusepp R" first="Rasmus" last="Puusepp">Rasmus Puusepp</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varik, Inge" sort="Varik, Inge" uniqKey="Varik I" first="Inge" last="Varik">Inge Varik</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K Ljalg, Urmas" sort="K Ljalg, Urmas" uniqKey="K Ljalg U" first="Urmas" last="K Ljalg">Urmas K Ljalg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abarenkov, Kessy" sort="Abarenkov, Kessy" uniqKey="Abarenkov K" first="Kessy" last="Abarenkov">Kessy Abarenkov</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in microbiology</title><idno type="ISSN">1664-302X</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Soil microbiome has a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning, yet little is known about its build-up from local to regional scales. In a multi-year regional-scale survey involving 1251 plots and long-read third-generation sequencing, we found that soil pH has the strongest effect on the diversity of fungi and its multiple taxonomic and functional groups. The pH effects were typically unimodal, usually both direct and indirect through tree species, soil nutrients or mold abundance. Individual tree species, particularly <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>, <i>Picea abies</i>, and <i>Populus x wettsteinii</i>, and overall ectomycorrhizal plant proportion had relatively stronger effects on the diversity of biotrophic fungi than saprotrophic fungi. We found strong temporal sampling and investigator biases for the abundance of molds, but generally all spatial, temporal and microclimatic effects were weak. Richness of fungi and several functional groups was highest in woodlands and around ruins of buildings but lowest in bogs, with marked group-specific trends. In contrast to our expectations, diversity of soil fungi tended to be higher in forest island habitats potentially due to the edge effect, but fungal richness declined with island distance and in response to forest fragmentation. Virgin forests supported somewhat higher fungal diversity than old non-pristine forests, but there were no differences in richness between natural and anthropogenic habitats such as parks and coppiced gardens. Diversity of most fungal groups suffered from management of seminatural woodlands and parks and thinning of forests, but especially for forests the results depended on fungal group and time since partial harvesting. We conclude that the positive effects of tree diversity on overall fungal richness represent a combined niche effect of soil properties and intimate associations.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33013735</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>06</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-302X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>11</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in microbiology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Microbiol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Regional-Scale In-Depth Analysis of Soil Fungal Diversity Reveals Strong pH and Plant Species Effects in Northern Europe.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1953</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fmicb.2020.01953</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Soil microbiome has a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning, yet little is known about its build-up from local to regional scales. In a multi-year regional-scale survey involving 1251 plots and long-read third-generation sequencing, we found that soil pH has the strongest effect on the diversity of fungi and its multiple taxonomic and functional groups. The pH effects were typically unimodal, usually both direct and indirect through tree species, soil nutrients or mold abundance. Individual tree species, particularly <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>, <i>Picea abies</i>, and <i>Populus x wettsteinii</i>, and overall ectomycorrhizal plant proportion had relatively stronger effects on the diversity of biotrophic fungi than saprotrophic fungi. We found strong temporal sampling and investigator biases for the abundance of molds, but generally all spatial, temporal and microclimatic effects were weak. Richness of fungi and several functional groups was highest in woodlands and around ruins of buildings but lowest in bogs, with marked group-specific trends. In contrast to our expectations, diversity of soil fungi tended to be higher in forest island habitats potentially due to the edge effect, but fungal richness declined with island distance and in response to forest fragmentation. Virgin forests supported somewhat higher fungal diversity than old non-pristine forests, but there were no differences in richness between natural and anthropogenic habitats such as parks and coppiced gardens. Diversity of most fungal groups suffered from management of seminatural woodlands and parks and thinning of forests, but especially for forests the results depended on fungal group and time since partial harvesting. We conclude that the positive effects of tree diversity on overall fungal richness represent a combined niche effect of soil properties and intimate associations.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Tedersoo, Anslan, Bahram, Drenkhan, Pritsch, Buegger, Padari, Hagh-Doust, Mikryukov, Gohar, Amiri, Hiiesalu, Lutter, Rosenvald, Rähn, Adamson, Drenkhan, Tullus, Jürimaa, Sibul, Otsing, Põlme, Metslaid, Loit, Agan, Puusepp, Varik, Kõljalg and Abarenkov.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tedersoo</LastName><ForeName>Leho</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anslan</LastName><ForeName>Sten</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bahram</LastName><ForeName>Mohammad</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drenkhan</LastName><ForeName>Rein</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pritsch</LastName><ForeName>Karin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Buegger</LastName><ForeName>Franz</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Padari</LastName><ForeName>Allar</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hagh-Doust</LastName><ForeName>Niloufar</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mikryukov</LastName><ForeName>Vladimir</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chair of Forest Management Planning and Wood Processing Technologies, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gohar</LastName><ForeName>Daniyal</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amiri</LastName><ForeName>Rasekh</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hiiesalu</LastName><ForeName>Indrek</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lutter</LastName><ForeName>Reimo</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosenvald</LastName><ForeName>Raul</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rähn</LastName><ForeName>Elisabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Adamson</LastName><ForeName>Kalev</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drenkhan</LastName><ForeName>Tiia</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Forest Health and Biodiversity, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tullus</LastName><ForeName>Hardi</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jürimaa</LastName><ForeName>Katrin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sibul</LastName><ForeName>Ivar</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Otsing</LastName><ForeName>Eveli</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Põlme</LastName><ForeName>Sergei</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Metslaid</LastName><ForeName>Marek</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loit</LastName><ForeName>Kaire</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chair of Plant Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Agan</LastName><ForeName>Ahto</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Puusepp</LastName><ForeName>Rasmus</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Varik</LastName><ForeName>Inge</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kõljalg</LastName><ForeName>Urmas</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abarenkov</LastName><ForeName>Kessy</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>04</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Microbiol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101548977</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1664-302X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">PacBio SMRT sequencing</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">anthropogenic impact</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">community ecology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ectomycorrhizal fungi</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">forest management</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">island biogeography</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">niche analysis</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>31</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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