Rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing in primary material based on a novel multiplex RT-LAMP assay.
Identifieur interne : 000068 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000067; suivant : 000069Rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing in primary material based on a novel multiplex RT-LAMP assay.
Auteurs : Bernhard Schermer [Allemagne] ; Francesca Fabretti [Allemagne] ; Maximilian Damagnez [Allemagne] ; Veronica Di Cristanziano [Allemagne] ; Eva Heger [Allemagne] ; Sita Arjune [Allemagne] ; Nathan A. Tanner [États-Unis] ; Thomas Imhof [Allemagne] ; Manuel Koch [Allemagne] ; Alim Ladha [États-Unis] ; Julia Joung [États-Unis] ; Jonathan S. Gootenberg [États-Unis] ; Omar O. Abudayyeh [États-Unis] ; Volker Burst [Allemagne] ; Feng Zhang [États-Unis] ; Florian Klein [Allemagne] ; Thomas Benzing [Allemagne] ; Roman-Ulrich Müller [Allemagne]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ARN viral (génétique), ARN viral (métabolisme), Betacoronavirus (génétique), Betacoronavirus (isolement et purification), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic), Infections à coronavirus (virologie), Pandémies (MeSH), Partie nasale du pharynx (virologie), Pneumopathie virale (diagnostic), Pneumopathie virale (virologie), Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel (MeSH), Sensibilité et spécificité (MeSH), Techniques d'amplification d'acides nucléiques (méthodes), Techniques de laboratoire clinique (MeSH).
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- génétique : ARN viral, Betacoronavirus.
- isolement et purification : Betacoronavirus.
- métabolisme : ARN viral.
- méthodes : Techniques d'amplification d'acides nucléiques.
- virologie : Infections à coronavirus, Partie nasale du pharynx, Pneumopathie virale.
- Humains, Pandémies, Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel, Sensibilité et spécificité, Techniques de laboratoire clinique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Betacoronavirus (genetics), Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification), Clinical Laboratory Techniques (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Humans (MeSH), Nasopharynx (virology), Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (methods), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), RNA, Viral (genetics), RNA, Viral (metabolism), Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH), Sensitivity and Specificity (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : RNA, Viral.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- genetics : Betacoronavirus.
- isolation & purification : Betacoronavirus.
- chemical , metabolism : RNA, Viral.
- methods : Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Nasopharynx, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Humans, Pandemics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Rapid and extensive testing of large parts of the population and specific subgroups is crucial for proper management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and decision-making in times of a pandemic outbreak. However, point-of-care (POC) testing in places such as emergency units, outpatient clinics, airport security points or the entrance of any public building is a major challenge. The need for thermal cycling and nucleic acid isolation hampers the use of standard PCR-based methods for this purpose.
METHODS
To avoid these obstacles, we tested PCR-independent methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from primary material (nasopharyngeal swabs) including reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking (SHERLOCK).
RESULTS
Whilst specificity of standard RT-LAMP assays appears to be satisfactory, sensitivity does not reach the current gold-standard quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays yet. We describe a novel multiplexed RT-LAMP approach and validate its sensitivity on primary samples. This approach allows for fast and reliable identification of infected individuals. Primer optimization and multiplexing helps to increase sensitivity significantly. In addition, we directly compare and combine our novel RT-LAMP assays with SHERLOCK.
CONCLUSION
In summary, this approach reveals one-step multiplexed RT-LAMP assays as a prime-option for the development of easy and cheap POC test kits.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238612
PubMed: 33137122
PubMed Central: PMC7605681
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joung, Julia" sort="Joung, Julia" uniqKey="Joung J" first="Julia" last="Joung">Julia Joung</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gootenberg, Jonathan S" sort="Gootenberg, Jonathan S" uniqKey="Gootenberg J" first="Jonathan S" last="Gootenberg">Jonathan S. 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Abudayyeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burst, Volker" sort="Burst, Volker" uniqKey="Burst V" first="Volker" last="Burst">Volker Burst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Florian" sort="Klein, Florian" uniqKey="Klein F" first="Florian" last="Klein">Florian Klein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benzing, Thomas" sort="Benzing, Thomas" uniqKey="Benzing T" first="Thomas" last="Benzing">Thomas Benzing</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Roman Ulrich" sort="Muller, Roman Ulrich" uniqKey="Muller R" first="Roman-Ulrich" last="Müller">Roman-Ulrich Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33137122</idno><idno type="pmid">33137122</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0238612</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7605681</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000024</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000024</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000024</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000024</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000024</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing in primary material based on a novel multiplex RT-LAMP assay.</title><author><name sortKey="Schermer, Bernhard" sort="Schermer, Bernhard" uniqKey="Schermer B" first="Bernhard" last="Schermer">Bernhard Schermer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabretti, Francesca" sort="Fabretti, Francesca" uniqKey="Fabretti F" first="Francesca" last="Fabretti">Francesca Fabretti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damagnez, Maximilian" sort="Damagnez, Maximilian" uniqKey="Damagnez M" first="Maximilian" last="Damagnez">Maximilian Damagnez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Cristanziano, Veronica" sort="Di Cristanziano, Veronica" uniqKey="Di Cristanziano V" first="Veronica" last="Di Cristanziano">Veronica Di Cristanziano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heger, Eva" sort="Heger, Eva" uniqKey="Heger E" first="Eva" last="Heger">Eva Heger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arjune, Sita" sort="Arjune, Sita" uniqKey="Arjune S" first="Sita" last="Arjune">Sita Arjune</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanner, Nathan A" sort="Tanner, Nathan A" uniqKey="Tanner N" first="Nathan A" last="Tanner">Nathan A. Tanner</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Imhof, Thomas" sort="Imhof, Thomas" uniqKey="Imhof T" first="Thomas" last="Imhof">Thomas Imhof</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koch, Manuel" sort="Koch, Manuel" uniqKey="Koch M" first="Manuel" last="Koch">Manuel Koch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ladha, Alim" sort="Ladha, Alim" uniqKey="Ladha A" first="Alim" last="Ladha">Alim Ladha</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joung, Julia" sort="Joung, Julia" uniqKey="Joung J" first="Julia" last="Joung">Julia Joung</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gootenberg, Jonathan S" sort="Gootenberg, Jonathan S" uniqKey="Gootenberg J" first="Jonathan S" last="Gootenberg">Jonathan S. Gootenberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abudayyeh, Omar O" sort="Abudayyeh, Omar O" uniqKey="Abudayyeh O" first="Omar O" last="Abudayyeh">Omar O. Abudayyeh</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burst, Volker" sort="Burst, Volker" uniqKey="Burst V" first="Volker" last="Burst">Volker Burst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Florian" sort="Klein, Florian" uniqKey="Klein F" first="Florian" last="Klein">Florian Klein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benzing, Thomas" sort="Benzing, Thomas" uniqKey="Benzing T" first="Thomas" last="Benzing">Thomas Benzing</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Roman Ulrich" sort="Muller, Roman Ulrich" uniqKey="Muller R" first="Roman-Ulrich" last="Müller">Roman-Ulrich Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (isolation & purification)</term><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Nasopharynx (virology)</term><term>Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (methods)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term><term>RNA, Viral (genetics)</term><term>RNA, Viral (metabolism)</term><term>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH)</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN viral (génétique)</term><term>ARN viral (métabolisme)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (génétique)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (isolement et purification)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Partie nasale du pharynx (virologie)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (diagnostic)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (virologie)</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel (MeSH)</term><term>Sensibilité et spécificité (MeSH)</term><term>Techniques d'amplification d'acides nucléiques (méthodes)</term><term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>RNA, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN viral</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>RNA, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>ARN viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="méthodes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Techniques d'amplification d'acides nucléiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Partie nasale du pharynx</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Nasopharynx</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Laboratory Techniques</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</term><term>Sensitivity and Specificity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Humains</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel</term><term>Sensibilité et spécificité</term><term>Techniques de laboratoire clinique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Rapid and extensive testing of large parts of the population and specific subgroups is crucial for proper management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and decision-making in times of a pandemic outbreak. However, point-of-care (POC) testing in places such as emergency units, outpatient clinics, airport security points or the entrance of any public building is a major challenge. The need for thermal cycling and nucleic acid isolation hampers the use of standard PCR-based methods for this purpose.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>To avoid these obstacles, we tested PCR-independent methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from primary material (nasopharyngeal swabs) including reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking (SHERLOCK).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Whilst specificity of standard RT-LAMP assays appears to be satisfactory, sensitivity does not reach the current gold-standard quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays yet. We describe a novel multiplexed RT-LAMP approach and validate its sensitivity on primary samples. This approach allows for fast and reliable identification of infected individuals. Primer optimization and multiplexing helps to increase sensitivity significantly. In addition, we directly compare and combine our novel RT-LAMP assays with SHERLOCK.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>In summary, this approach reveals one-step multiplexed RT-LAMP assays as a prime-option for the development of easy and cheap POC test kits.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33137122</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>15</Volume><Issue>11</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS One</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing in primary material based on a novel multiplex RT-LAMP assay.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0238612</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0238612</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Rapid and extensive testing of large parts of the population and specific subgroups is crucial for proper management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and decision-making in times of a pandemic outbreak. However, point-of-care (POC) testing in places such as emergency units, outpatient clinics, airport security points or the entrance of any public building is a major challenge. The need for thermal cycling and nucleic acid isolation hampers the use of standard PCR-based methods for this purpose.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">To avoid these obstacles, we tested PCR-independent methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from primary material (nasopharyngeal swabs) including reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking (SHERLOCK).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Whilst specificity of standard RT-LAMP assays appears to be satisfactory, sensitivity does not reach the current gold-standard quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays yet. We describe a novel multiplexed RT-LAMP approach and validate its sensitivity on primary samples. This approach allows for fast and reliable identification of infected individuals. Primer optimization and multiplexing helps to increase sensitivity significantly. In addition, we directly compare and combine our novel RT-LAMP assays with SHERLOCK.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">In summary, this approach reveals one-step multiplexed RT-LAMP assays as a prime-option for the development of easy and cheap POC test kits.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schermer</LastName><ForeName>Bernhard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5194-9000</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fabretti</LastName><ForeName>Francesca</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Damagnez</LastName><ForeName>Maximilian</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2745-7719</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Cristanziano</LastName><ForeName>Veronica</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heger</LastName><ForeName>Eva</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arjune</LastName><ForeName>Sita</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6121-4614</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tanner</LastName><ForeName>Nathan A</ForeName><Initials>NA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Imhof</LastName><ForeName>Thomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koch</LastName><ForeName>Manuel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ladha</LastName><ForeName>Alim</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Joung</LastName><ForeName>Julia</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gootenberg</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan S</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abudayyeh</LastName><ForeName>Omar O</ForeName><Initials>OO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burst</LastName><ForeName>Volker</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Feng</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Klein</LastName><ForeName>Florian</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Benzing</LastName><ForeName>Thomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Müller</LastName><ForeName>Roman-Ulrich</ForeName><Initials>RU</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>02</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D012367">RNA, Viral</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000657964">COVID-19 diagnostic testing</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019411" MajorTopicYN="N">Clinical Laboratory Techniques</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009305" MajorTopicYN="N">Nasopharynx</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D021141" MajorTopicYN="N">Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012367" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060888" MajorTopicYN="N">Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012680" MajorTopicYN="N">Sensitivity and Specificity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><CoiStatement>F.Z., O.O.A., J.S.G., J.J., and A.L. are inventors on patent applications related to SHERLOCK technology filed by the Broad Institute, with the specific aim of ensuring this technology can be made freely, widely, and rapidly available for research and deployment (US provisional application no. 62/975,743, "CRISPR Effector System Based Coronavirus Diagnostics"). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE`s policies on sharing data and materials. O.O.A., J.S.G., and F.Z. are co-founders, scientific advisors, and hold equity interests in Sherlock Biosciences, Inc., and Pine Trees Health, Inc. F.Z. is also a co-founder of Editas Medicine, Beam Therapeutics, Pairwise Plants, and Arbor Biotechnologies. NAT is employed by New England Biolabs, Inc, manufacturer of the LAMP reagents and some additional enzymes described in this manuscript. All of the aforementioned does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE`s policies on sharing data and materials. The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>17</Hour><Minute>13</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33137122</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0238612</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PONE-D-20-26630</ArticleId><ArticleId 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uniqKey="Arjune S" first="Sita" last="Arjune">Sita Arjune</name><name sortKey="Benzing, Thomas" sort="Benzing, Thomas" uniqKey="Benzing T" first="Thomas" last="Benzing">Thomas Benzing</name><name sortKey="Benzing, Thomas" sort="Benzing, Thomas" uniqKey="Benzing T" first="Thomas" last="Benzing">Thomas Benzing</name><name sortKey="Benzing, Thomas" sort="Benzing, Thomas" uniqKey="Benzing T" first="Thomas" last="Benzing">Thomas Benzing</name><name sortKey="Burst, Volker" sort="Burst, Volker" uniqKey="Burst V" first="Volker" last="Burst">Volker Burst</name><name sortKey="Burst, Volker" sort="Burst, Volker" uniqKey="Burst V" first="Volker" last="Burst">Volker Burst</name><name sortKey="Damagnez, Maximilian" sort="Damagnez, Maximilian" uniqKey="Damagnez M" first="Maximilian" last="Damagnez">Maximilian Damagnez</name><name sortKey="Di Cristanziano, Veronica" sort="Di Cristanziano, Veronica" uniqKey="Di Cristanziano V" first="Veronica" last="Di Cristanziano">Veronica Di Cristanziano</name><name sortKey="Fabretti, Francesca" sort="Fabretti, Francesca" uniqKey="Fabretti F" first="Francesca" last="Fabretti">Francesca Fabretti</name><name sortKey="Fabretti, Francesca" sort="Fabretti, Francesca" uniqKey="Fabretti F" first="Francesca" last="Fabretti">Francesca Fabretti</name><name sortKey="Fabretti, Francesca" sort="Fabretti, Francesca" uniqKey="Fabretti F" first="Francesca" last="Fabretti">Francesca Fabretti</name><name sortKey="Heger, Eva" sort="Heger, Eva" uniqKey="Heger E" first="Eva" last="Heger">Eva Heger</name><name sortKey="Imhof, Thomas" sort="Imhof, Thomas" uniqKey="Imhof T" first="Thomas" last="Imhof">Thomas Imhof</name><name sortKey="Imhof, Thomas" sort="Imhof, Thomas" uniqKey="Imhof T" first="Thomas" last="Imhof">Thomas Imhof</name><name sortKey="Klein, Florian" sort="Klein, Florian" uniqKey="Klein F" first="Florian" last="Klein">Florian Klein</name><name sortKey="Klein, Florian" sort="Klein, Florian" uniqKey="Klein F" first="Florian" last="Klein">Florian Klein</name><name sortKey="Klein, Florian" sort="Klein, Florian" uniqKey="Klein F" first="Florian" last="Klein">Florian Klein</name><name sortKey="Koch, Manuel" sort="Koch, Manuel" uniqKey="Koch M" first="Manuel" last="Koch">Manuel Koch</name><name sortKey="Koch, Manuel" sort="Koch, Manuel" uniqKey="Koch M" first="Manuel" last="Koch">Manuel Koch</name><name sortKey="Muller, Roman Ulrich" sort="Muller, Roman Ulrich" uniqKey="Muller R" first="Roman-Ulrich" last="Müller">Roman-Ulrich Müller</name><name sortKey="Muller, Roman Ulrich" sort="Muller, Roman Ulrich" uniqKey="Muller R" first="Roman-Ulrich" last="Müller">Roman-Ulrich Müller</name><name sortKey="Muller, Roman Ulrich" sort="Muller, Roman Ulrich" uniqKey="Muller R" first="Roman-Ulrich" last="Müller">Roman-Ulrich Müller</name><name sortKey="Schermer, Bernhard" sort="Schermer, Bernhard" uniqKey="Schermer B" first="Bernhard" last="Schermer">Bernhard Schermer</name><name sortKey="Schermer, Bernhard" sort="Schermer, Bernhard" uniqKey="Schermer B" first="Bernhard" last="Schermer">Bernhard Schermer</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Tanner, Nathan A" sort="Tanner, Nathan A" uniqKey="Tanner N" first="Nathan A" last="Tanner">Nathan A. Tanner</name></region><name sortKey="Abudayyeh, Omar O" sort="Abudayyeh, Omar O" uniqKey="Abudayyeh O" first="Omar O" last="Abudayyeh">Omar O. Abudayyeh</name><name sortKey="Abudayyeh, Omar O" sort="Abudayyeh, Omar O" uniqKey="Abudayyeh O" first="Omar O" last="Abudayyeh">Omar O. Abudayyeh</name><name sortKey="Gootenberg, Jonathan S" sort="Gootenberg, Jonathan S" uniqKey="Gootenberg J" first="Jonathan S" last="Gootenberg">Jonathan S. Gootenberg</name><name sortKey="Gootenberg, Jonathan S" sort="Gootenberg, Jonathan S" uniqKey="Gootenberg J" first="Jonathan S" last="Gootenberg">Jonathan S. Gootenberg</name><name sortKey="Joung, Julia" sort="Joung, Julia" uniqKey="Joung J" first="Julia" last="Joung">Julia Joung</name><name sortKey="Joung, Julia" sort="Joung, Julia" uniqKey="Joung J" first="Julia" last="Joung">Julia Joung</name><name sortKey="Joung, Julia" sort="Joung, Julia" uniqKey="Joung J" first="Julia" last="Joung">Julia Joung</name><name sortKey="Joung, Julia" sort="Joung, Julia" uniqKey="Joung J" first="Julia" last="Joung">Julia Joung</name><name sortKey="Ladha, Alim" sort="Ladha, Alim" uniqKey="Ladha A" first="Alim" last="Ladha">Alim Ladha</name><name sortKey="Ladha, Alim" sort="Ladha, Alim" uniqKey="Ladha A" first="Alim" last="Ladha">Alim Ladha</name><name sortKey="Ladha, Alim" sort="Ladha, Alim" uniqKey="Ladha A" first="Alim" last="Ladha">Alim Ladha</name><name sortKey="Ladha, Alim" sort="Ladha, Alim" uniqKey="Ladha A" first="Alim" last="Ladha">Alim Ladha</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Feng" sort="Zhang, Feng" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Feng" last="Zhang">Feng Zhang</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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