Distinct anti-proliferative effects of herbal melanin on human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells and embryonic kidney HEK293 cells.
Identifieur interne : 000123 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000122; suivant : 000124Distinct anti-proliferative effects of herbal melanin on human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells and embryonic kidney HEK293 cells.
Auteurs : Adila El-Obeid ; Hala Alajmi ; Mashael Harbi ; Wesam Bin Yahya ; Hamad Al-Eidi ; Monira Alaujan ; Adil Haseeb ; Thadeo Trivilegio ; Alshaimaa Alhallaj ; Saleh Alghamdi ; Abdul-Wali Ajlouni ; Sabine Matou-NasriSource :
- BMC complementary medicine and therapies [ 2662-7671 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Apoptosis (drug effects), Cell Cycle Checkpoints (drug effects), Dose-Response Relationship, Drug (MeSH), HEK293 Cells (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute (drug therapy), Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute (pathology), Melanins (pharmacology), Nigella sativa (chemistry), Plant Extracts (pharmacology), Seeds (chemistry), THP-1 Cells (MeSH), Toll-Like Receptor 4 (metabolism).
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Toll-Like Receptor 4.
- chemical , pharmacology : Melanins, Plant Extracts.
- chemistry : Nigella sativa, Seeds.
- drug effects : Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Checkpoints.
- drug therapy : Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute.
- pathology : Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute.
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, HEK293 Cells, Humans, THP-1 Cells.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Herbal melanin (HM) is a dark pigment extracted from the seed coat of Nigella sativa L. and known to exert biological effects via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Recently, TLR4 was described as involved in natural programmed cell death (apoptosis). Tumor and embryonic cells are used as in vitro cellular models for drug and anti-cancer agent screening. To date, no cytotoxic studies have been reported of HM in TLR4-positive acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells compared to TLR4-negative human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells.
METHODS
We studied the anti-proliferative effects of several HM concentrations on THP-1 and HEK293 cells by evaluating cell viability using the CellTiter-Glo® luminescent assay, assessing the TLR4 expression level, determining the apoptotic status, and analyzing the cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry. Apoptotic pathways were investigated using mitochondrial transition pore opening, caspase activity assays and immunoblot technology.
RESULTS
Low HM concentrations did not affect THP-1 cell viability, but high HM concentrations (62.5-500 μg/mL) did decrease THP-1 cell viability and induced G
CONCLUSION
HM exerts distinct anti-proliferative effects on human acute monocytic leukemia and embryonic kidney cells mainly through cell cycle interference in a TLR4-independent manner and through apoptosis induction in a TLR4-dependent manner, as observed in only the THP-1 cells.
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02944-1
PubMed: 32448225
PubMed Central: PMC7245827
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32448225Le document en format XML
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Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alajmi, Hala" sort="Alajmi, Hala" uniqKey="Alajmi H" first="Hala" last="Alajmi">Hala Alajmi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harbi, Mashael" sort="Harbi, Mashael" uniqKey="Harbi M" first="Mashael" last="Harbi">Mashael Harbi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yahya, Wesam Bin" sort="Yahya, Wesam Bin" uniqKey="Yahya W" first="Wesam Bin" last="Yahya">Wesam Bin Yahya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Eidi, Hamad" sort="Al Eidi, Hamad" uniqKey="Al Eidi H" first="Hamad" last="Al-Eidi">Hamad Al-Eidi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alaujan, Monira" sort="Alaujan, Monira" uniqKey="Alaujan M" first="Monira" last="Alaujan">Monira Alaujan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haseeb, Adil" sort="Haseeb, Adil" uniqKey="Haseeb A" first="Adil" last="Haseeb">Adil Haseeb</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Attosecond-Laser Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trivilegio, Thadeo" sort="Trivilegio, Thadeo" uniqKey="Trivilegio T" first="Thadeo" last="Trivilegio">Thadeo Trivilegio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Core Facility, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alhallaj, Alshaimaa" sort="Alhallaj, Alshaimaa" uniqKey="Alhallaj A" first="Alshaimaa" last="Alhallaj">Alshaimaa Alhallaj</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Core Facility, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Saleh" sort="Alghamdi, Saleh" uniqKey="Alghamdi S" first="Saleh" last="Alghamdi">Saleh Alghamdi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ajlouni, Abdul Wali" sort="Ajlouni, Abdul Wali" uniqKey="Ajlouni A" first="Abdul-Wali" last="Ajlouni">Abdul-Wali Ajlouni</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Department, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matou Nasri, Sabine" sort="Matou Nasri, Sabine" uniqKey="Matou Nasri S" first="Sabine" last="Matou-Nasri">Sabine Matou-Nasri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia. matouepnasrisa@ngha.med.sa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. matouepnasrisa@ngha.med.sa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32448225</idno><idno type="pmid">32448225</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12906-020-02944-1</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7245827</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000123</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000123</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Distinct anti-proliferative effects of herbal melanin on human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells and embryonic kidney HEK293 cells.</title><author><name sortKey="El Obeid, Adila" sort="El Obeid, Adila" uniqKey="El Obeid A" first="Adila" last="El-Obeid">Adila El-Obeid</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alajmi, Hala" sort="Alajmi, Hala" uniqKey="Alajmi H" first="Hala" last="Alajmi">Hala Alajmi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harbi, Mashael" sort="Harbi, Mashael" uniqKey="Harbi M" first="Mashael" last="Harbi">Mashael Harbi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yahya, Wesam Bin" sort="Yahya, Wesam Bin" uniqKey="Yahya W" first="Wesam Bin" last="Yahya">Wesam Bin Yahya</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Eidi, Hamad" sort="Al Eidi, Hamad" uniqKey="Al Eidi H" first="Hamad" last="Al-Eidi">Hamad Al-Eidi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alaujan, Monira" sort="Alaujan, Monira" uniqKey="Alaujan M" first="Monira" last="Alaujan">Monira Alaujan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haseeb, Adil" sort="Haseeb, Adil" uniqKey="Haseeb A" first="Adil" last="Haseeb">Adil Haseeb</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Attosecond-Laser Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trivilegio, Thadeo" sort="Trivilegio, Thadeo" uniqKey="Trivilegio T" first="Thadeo" last="Trivilegio">Thadeo Trivilegio</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Core Facility, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alhallaj, Alshaimaa" sort="Alhallaj, Alshaimaa" uniqKey="Alhallaj A" first="Alshaimaa" last="Alhallaj">Alshaimaa Alhallaj</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Core Facility, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Saleh" sort="Alghamdi, Saleh" uniqKey="Alghamdi S" first="Saleh" last="Alghamdi">Saleh Alghamdi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ajlouni, Abdul Wali" sort="Ajlouni, Abdul Wali" uniqKey="Ajlouni A" first="Abdul-Wali" last="Ajlouni">Abdul-Wali Ajlouni</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Toxicology Department, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matou Nasri, Sabine" sort="Matou Nasri, Sabine" uniqKey="Matou Nasri S" first="Sabine" last="Matou-Nasri">Sabine Matou-Nasri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia. matouepnasrisa@ngha.med.sa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. matouepnasrisa@ngha.med.sa.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC complementary medicine and therapies</title><idno type="eISSN">2662-7671</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Apoptosis (drug effects)</term><term>Cell Cycle Checkpoints (drug effects)</term><term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug (MeSH)</term><term>HEK293 Cells (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute (drug therapy)</term><term>Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute (pathology)</term><term>Melanins (pharmacology)</term><term>Nigella sativa (chemistry)</term><term>Plant Extracts (pharmacology)</term><term>Seeds (chemistry)</term><term>THP-1 Cells (MeSH)</term><term>Toll-Like Receptor 4 (metabolism)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Toll-Like Receptor 4</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Melanins</term><term>Plant Extracts</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Nigella sativa</term><term>Seeds</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Apoptosis</term><term>Cell Cycle Checkpoints</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</term><term>HEK293 Cells</term><term>Humans</term><term>THP-1 Cells</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Herbal melanin (HM) is a dark pigment extracted from the seed coat of Nigella sativa L. and known to exert biological effects via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Recently, TLR4 was described as involved in natural programmed cell death (apoptosis). Tumor and embryonic cells are used as in vitro cellular models for drug and anti-cancer agent screening. To date, no cytotoxic studies have been reported of HM in TLR4-positive acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells compared to TLR4-negative human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We studied the anti-proliferative effects of several HM concentrations on THP-1 and HEK293 cells by evaluating cell viability using the CellTiter-Glo® luminescent assay, assessing the TLR4 expression level, determining the apoptotic status, and analyzing the cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry. Apoptotic pathways were investigated using mitochondrial transition pore opening, caspase activity assays and immunoblot technology.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Low HM concentrations did not affect THP-1 cell viability, but high HM concentrations (62.5-500 μg/mL) did decrease THP-1 cell viability and induced G</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>HM exerts distinct anti-proliferative effects on human acute monocytic leukemia and embryonic kidney cells mainly through cell cycle interference in a TLR4-independent manner and through apoptosis induction in a TLR4-dependent manner, as observed in only the THP-1 cells.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32448225</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>02</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2662-7671</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>24</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>BMC complementary medicine and therapies</Title><ISOAbbreviation>BMC Complement Med Ther</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Distinct anti-proliferative effects of herbal melanin on human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells and embryonic kidney HEK293 cells.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>154</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12906-020-02944-1</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Herbal melanin (HM) is a dark pigment extracted from the seed coat of Nigella sativa L. and known to exert biological effects via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Recently, TLR4 was described as involved in natural programmed cell death (apoptosis). Tumor and embryonic cells are used as in vitro cellular models for drug and anti-cancer agent screening. To date, no cytotoxic studies have been reported of HM in TLR4-positive acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells compared to TLR4-negative human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We studied the anti-proliferative effects of several HM concentrations on THP-1 and HEK293 cells by evaluating cell viability using the CellTiter-Glo® luminescent assay, assessing the TLR4 expression level, determining the apoptotic status, and analyzing the cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry. Apoptotic pathways were investigated using mitochondrial transition pore opening, caspase activity assays and immunoblot technology.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Low HM concentrations did not affect THP-1 cell viability, but high HM concentrations (62.5-500 μg/mL) did decrease THP-1 cell viability and induced G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> phase cell cycle arrest. Only at the highest concentration (500 μg/mL), HM slightly increased the TLR4 expression on the THP-1 cell surface, concomitantly upregulated TLR4 whole protein and gene expression, and induced apoptosis in THP-1 cells via activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. No change of apoptotic status was noticed in TLR4-negative HEK293 cells, although HM decreased HEK293 cell viability and induced cell growth arrest in the G<sub>2</sub> phase.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">HM exerts distinct anti-proliferative effects on human acute monocytic leukemia and embryonic kidney cells mainly through cell cycle interference in a TLR4-independent manner and through apoptosis induction in a TLR4-dependent manner, as observed in only the THP-1 cells.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>El-Obeid</LastName><ForeName>Adila</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmacy, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alajmi</LastName><ForeName>Hala</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Harbi</LastName><ForeName>Mashael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yahya</LastName><ForeName>Wesam Bin</ForeName><Initials>WB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Eidi</LastName><ForeName>Hamad</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alaujan</LastName><ForeName>Monira</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haseeb</LastName><ForeName>Adil</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Attosecond-Laser Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Trivilegio</LastName><ForeName>Thadeo</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Core Facility, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alhallaj</LastName><ForeName>Alshaimaa</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Core Facility, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alghamdi</LastName><ForeName>Saleh</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ajlouni</LastName><ForeName>Abdul-Wali</ForeName><Initials>AW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Toxicology Department, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Matou-Nasri</LastName><ForeName>Sabine</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4372-2903</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia. matouepnasrisa@ngha.med.sa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. matouepnasrisa@ngha.med.sa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>RC15/106</GrantID><Agency>King Abdullah International Medical Research Center</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>24</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BMC Complement Med Ther</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101761232</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2662-7671</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance 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MajorTopicYN="N">HEK293 Cells</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007948" MajorTopicYN="N">Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008543" MajorTopicYN="N">Melanins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D031881" MajorTopicYN="N">Nigella sativa</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010936" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Extracts</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012639" 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