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Splash dispersal of Phyllosticta citricarpa conidia from infected citrus fruit.

Identifieur interne : 000286 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000285; suivant : 000287

Splash dispersal of Phyllosticta citricarpa conidia from infected citrus fruit.

Auteurs : S A M. Perryman [Royaume-Uni] ; S J Clark [Royaume-Uni] ; J S West [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

Scientific reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2014.

RBID : pubmed:25298272

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Biophysical Phenomena (physiology), Citrus sinensis (microbiology), Plant Diseases (microbiology), Rain, Saccharomycetales (pathogenicity), Spores, Fungal (physiology), Wind.
MESH :
- microbiology : Citrus sinensis, Plant Diseases.
- pathogenicity : Saccharomycetales.
- physiology : Biophysical Phenomena, Spores, Fungal.
- Rain, Wind.

Abstract

Rain-splash dispersal of Phyllosticta citricarpa (syn. Guignardia citricarpa) conidia (pycnidiospores) from infected oranges was studied in still air and combined with wind. High power microscopy demonstrated the presence of conidia in splash droplets from diseased oranges, which exuded conidia for over one hour during repeated wetting. The largest (5 mm) incident drops produced the highest splashes (up to 41.0 cm). A linear-by-quadratic surface model predicted highest splashes to be 41.91 cm at a horizontal distance of 25.97 cm from the target orange. Large splash droplets contained most conidia (4-5.5 mm splashes averaged 308 conidia), but were splashed <30 cm horizontal distance. Most (80-90%) splashes were <1 mm diameter but carried only 0-4 conidia per droplet. In multiple splash experiments, splashes combined to reach higher maxima (up to 61.7 cm; linear-by-quadratic surface model prediction, 62.1 cm) than in the single splash experiments. In combination with wind, higher wind speeds carried an increasing proportion of splashes downwind travelling horizontally at least 8 m at the highest wind speed tested (7 m/s), due to a small proportion of droplets (<1 mm) being aerosolised. These experiments suggest that P. citricarpa conidia can be dispersed from infected oranges by splashes of water in rainfall events.

DOI: 10.1038/srep06568
PubMed: 25298272

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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Perryman, S A M" sort="Perryman, S A M" uniqKey="Perryman S" first="S A M" last="Perryman">S A M. Perryman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Biology and Crop Science Dept. Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Clark, S J" sort="Clark, S J" uniqKey="Clark S" first="S J" last="Clark">S J Clark</name>
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<term>Rain</term>
<term>Saccharomycetales (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Spores, Fungal (physiology)</term>
<term>Wind</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Citrus sinensis</term>
<term>Plant Diseases</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Saccharomycetales</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Rain-splash dispersal of Phyllosticta citricarpa (syn. Guignardia citricarpa) conidia (pycnidiospores) from infected oranges was studied in still air and combined with wind. High power microscopy demonstrated the presence of conidia in splash droplets from diseased oranges, which exuded conidia for over one hour during repeated wetting. The largest (5 mm) incident drops produced the highest splashes (up to 41.0 cm). A linear-by-quadratic surface model predicted highest splashes to be 41.91 cm at a horizontal distance of 25.97 cm from the target orange. Large splash droplets contained most conidia (4-5.5 mm splashes averaged 308 conidia), but were splashed <30 cm horizontal distance. Most (80-90%) splashes were <1 mm diameter but carried only 0-4 conidia per droplet. In multiple splash experiments, splashes combined to reach higher maxima (up to 61.7 cm; linear-by-quadratic surface model prediction, 62.1 cm) than in the single splash experiments. In combination with wind, higher wind speeds carried an increasing proportion of splashes downwind travelling horizontally at least 8 m at the highest wind speed tested (7 m/s), due to a small proportion of droplets (<1 mm) being aerosolised. These experiments suggest that P. citricarpa conidia can be dispersed from infected oranges by splashes of water in rainfall events.</div>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>Rain-splash dispersal of Phyllosticta citricarpa (syn. Guignardia citricarpa) conidia (pycnidiospores) from infected oranges was studied in still air and combined with wind. High power microscopy demonstrated the presence of conidia in splash droplets from diseased oranges, which exuded conidia for over one hour during repeated wetting. The largest (5 mm) incident drops produced the highest splashes (up to 41.0 cm). A linear-by-quadratic surface model predicted highest splashes to be 41.91 cm at a horizontal distance of 25.97 cm from the target orange. Large splash droplets contained most conidia (4-5.5 mm splashes averaged 308 conidia), but were splashed <30 cm horizontal distance. Most (80-90%) splashes were <1 mm diameter but carried only 0-4 conidia per droplet. In multiple splash experiments, splashes combined to reach higher maxima (up to 61.7 cm; linear-by-quadratic surface model prediction, 62.1 cm) than in the single splash experiments. In combination with wind, higher wind speeds carried an increasing proportion of splashes downwind travelling horizontally at least 8 m at the highest wind speed tested (7 m/s), due to a small proportion of droplets (<1 mm) being aerosolised. These experiments suggest that P. citricarpa conidia can be dispersed from infected oranges by splashes of water in rainfall events.</AbstractText>
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Splash dispersal of Phyllosticta citricarpa conidia from infected citrus fruit.

Splash dispersal of Phyllosticta citricarpa conidia from infected citrus fruit.

Source :

English descriptors

Abstract

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