Short communication: in vitro assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of peel of Citrus sinensis.
Identifieur interne : 000256 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000255; suivant : 000257Short communication: in vitro assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of peel of Citrus sinensis.
Auteurs : Basharat Mehmood [Pakistan] ; Kamran Khurshid Dar [Pakistan] ; Shaukat Ali [Pakistan] ; Uzma Azeem Awan [Pakistan] ; Abdul Qayyum Nayyer ; Tahseen Ghous [Pakistan] ; Saiqa Andleeb [Pakistan]Source :
- Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences [ 1011-601X ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Anti-Bacterial Agents (chemistry), Anti-Bacterial Agents (isolation & purification), Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology), Bacteria (drug effects), Bacteria (growth & development), Citrus sinensis (chemistry), Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Fruit, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts (chemistry), Plant Extracts (isolation & purification), Plant Extracts (pharmacology), Plants, Medicinal, Solvents (chemistry).
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plant Extracts, Solvents.
- chemical , isolation & purification : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plant Extracts.
- chemical , pharmacology : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plant Extracts.
- chemistry : Citrus sinensis.
- drug effects : Bacteria.
- growth & development : Bacteria.
- Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Fruit, Phytotherapy, Plants, Medicinal.
Abstract
Antibacterial effect of Citrus sinensis peel extracts was evaluated against several pathogenic bacteria associated with human and fish infections viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcesnces, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter amnigenus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Serratia odorifera. Methanol, ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether solvents were used for extraction. In vitro antibacterial activity was analyzed by agar well and agar disc diffusion methods. It was found that ethanol extract showed highly significant inhibition of E. coli and K. pneumonia (12.6±0.94 mm and 11.6±1.2 mm) whereas methanol extract of C. sinensis also showed high zone of inhibition of S. odorifera (10.0±2.16 mm). The potential activity of active extracts was assessed and also compared with standard antibiotics through activity index formulation. The order of antioxidant activity through ABTS·+ and DPPH free radical scavenging activity was ethanol>methanol>chloroform>diethyl ether. Phytochemical screening of all solvents had determined the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides and flavonoids. It was also found that Chloroform/Methanol (5:5) and Butanol/Ethanol/Water (4:1:2.2) solvent systems showed significant separation of active phytochemical constituents. These findings reveal the potential use of C. sinensis peel to treat infectious diseases, which are being caused by microorganisms.
PubMed: 25553700
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Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Shaukat" sort="Ali, Shaukat" uniqKey="Ali S" first="Shaukat" last="Ali">Shaukat Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Awan, Uzma Azeem" sort="Awan, Uzma Azeem" uniqKey="Awan U" first="Uzma Azeem" last="Awan">Uzma Azeem Awan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation><country 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Andleeb</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">1011-601X</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (chemistry)</term><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (isolation & purification)</term><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology)</term><term>Bacteria (drug effects)</term><term>Bacteria (growth & development)</term><term>Citrus sinensis (chemistry)</term><term>Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests</term><term>Fruit</term><term>Phytotherapy</term><term>Plant Extracts (chemistry)</term><term>Plant Extracts (isolation & purification)</term><term>Plant Extracts (pharmacology)</term><term>Plants, Medicinal</term><term>Solvents (chemistry)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term><term>Plant Extracts</term><term>Solvents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term><term>Plant Extracts</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</term><term>Plant Extracts</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Citrus sinensis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacteria</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="growth & development" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacteria</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests</term><term>Fruit</term><term>Phytotherapy</term><term>Plants, Medicinal</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Antibacterial effect of Citrus sinensis peel extracts was evaluated against several pathogenic bacteria associated with human and fish infections viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcesnces, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter amnigenus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Serratia odorifera. Methanol, ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether solvents were used for extraction. In vitro antibacterial activity was analyzed by agar well and agar disc diffusion methods. It was found that ethanol extract showed highly significant inhibition of E. coli and K. pneumonia (12.6±0.94 mm and 11.6±1.2 mm) whereas methanol extract of C. sinensis also showed high zone of inhibition of S. odorifera (10.0±2.16 mm). The potential activity of active extracts was assessed and also compared with standard antibiotics through activity index formulation. The order of antioxidant activity through ABTS·+ and DPPH free radical scavenging activity was ethanol>methanol>chloroform>diethyl ether. Phytochemical screening of all solvents had determined the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides and flavonoids. It was also found that Chloroform/Methanol (5:5) and Butanol/Ethanol/Water (4:1:2.2) solvent systems showed significant separation of active phytochemical constituents. These findings reveal the potential use of C. sinensis peel to treat infectious diseases, which are being caused by microorganisms.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25553700</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>2</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>20</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>2</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1011-601X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>28</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year><Month>Jan</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Pak J Pharm Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Short communication: in vitro assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of peel of Citrus sinensis.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>231-9</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Antibacterial effect of Citrus sinensis peel extracts was evaluated against several pathogenic bacteria associated with human and fish infections viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcesnces, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter amnigenus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Serratia odorifera. Methanol, ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether solvents were used for extraction. In vitro antibacterial activity was analyzed by agar well and agar disc diffusion methods. It was found that ethanol extract showed highly significant inhibition of E. coli and K. pneumonia (12.6±0.94 mm and 11.6±1.2 mm) whereas methanol extract of C. sinensis also showed high zone of inhibition of S. odorifera (10.0±2.16 mm). The potential activity of active extracts was assessed and also compared with standard antibiotics through activity index formulation. The order of antioxidant activity through ABTS·+ and DPPH free radical scavenging activity was ethanol>methanol>chloroform>diethyl ether. Phytochemical screening of all solvents had determined the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides and flavonoids. It was also found that Chloroform/Methanol (5:5) and Butanol/Ethanol/Water (4:1:2.2) solvent systems showed significant separation of active phytochemical constituents. These findings reveal the potential use of C. sinensis peel to treat infectious diseases, which are being caused by microorganisms.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mehmood</LastName><ForeName>Basharat</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dar</LastName><ForeName>Kamran Khurshid</ForeName><Initials>KK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ali</LastName><ForeName>Shaukat</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Awan</LastName><ForeName>Uzma Azeem</ForeName><Initials>UA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nayyer</LastName><ForeName>Abdul Qayyum</ForeName><Initials>AQ</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghous</LastName><ForeName>Tahseen</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andleeb</LastName><ForeName>Saiqa</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzzafarabad, Pakistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>ENG</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D003160">Comparative Study</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Pakistan</Country><MedlineTA>Pak J Pharm Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9426356</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1011-601X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000900">Anti-Bacterial Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010936">Plant Extracts</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D012997">Solvents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000900" MajorTopicYN="N">Anti-Bacterial Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001419" MajorTopicYN="N">Bacteria</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000254" MajorTopicYN="N">growth & development</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032084" MajorTopicYN="Y">Citrus sinensis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052978" MajorTopicYN="N">Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005638" MajorTopicYN="N">Fruit</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008517" MajorTopicYN="N">Phytotherapy</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010936" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Extracts</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010946" MajorTopicYN="N">Plants, Medicinal</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012997" MajorTopicYN="N">Solvents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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