Metal Analysis in Citrus Sinensis Fruit Peel and Psidium Guajava Leaf
Identifieur interne : 001309 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001308; suivant : 001310Metal Analysis in Citrus Sinensis Fruit Peel and Psidium Guajava Leaf
Auteurs : Anju Dhiman [États-Unis] ; Arun Nanda [États-Unis] ; Sayeed Ahmad [États-Unis]Source :
- Toxicology International [ 0971-6580 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
The determination of metal traces is very important because they are involved in biological cycles and indicate high toxicity. The objective of the present study is to measure the levels of heavy metals and mineral ions in medicinally important plant species,
Url:
DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.84271
PubMed: 21976824
PubMed Central: 3183626
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Fruit Peel and <italic>Psidium Guajava</italic>
Leaf</title>
<author><name sortKey="Dhiman, Anju" sort="Dhiman, Anju" uniqKey="Dhiman A" first="Anju" last="Dhiman">Anju Dhiman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Sayeed" sort="Ahmad, Sayeed" uniqKey="Ahmad S" first="Sayeed" last="Ahmad">Sayeed Ahmad</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Metal Analysis in <italic>Citrus Sinensis</italic>
Fruit Peel and <italic>Psidium Guajava</italic>
Leaf</title>
<author><name sortKey="Dhiman, Anju" sort="Dhiman, Anju" uniqKey="Dhiman A" first="Anju" last="Dhiman">Anju Dhiman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Nanda, Arun" sort="Nanda, Arun" uniqKey="Nanda A" first="Arun" last="Nanda">Arun Nanda</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Sayeed" sort="Ahmad, Sayeed" uniqKey="Ahmad S" first="Sayeed" last="Ahmad">Sayeed Ahmad</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi – 110062</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Kidney Diseases & Hypertension, Feinstien Institute of Medical Research, Great Neck, New York – 11021</wicri:regionArea>
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<series><title level="j">Toxicology International</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0971-6580</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">0976-5131</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The determination of metal traces is very important because they are involved in biological cycles and indicate high toxicity. The objective of the present study is to measure the levels of heavy metals and mineral ions in medicinally important plant species, <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
and <italic>Psidium guajava</italic>
. This study investigates the accumulation of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Aluminum (Al), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Selenium (Se) and inorganic minerals like Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) in <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
(sweet orange) fruit peel and <italic>P. guajava</italic>
(guava) leaf, to measure the levels of heavy metal contamination. Dried powdered samples of the plants were digested using wet digestion method and elemental determination was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analysed by student's ‘t’ test. Values are considered significant at <italic>P</italic>
< 0.05. The results were compared with suitable safety standards and the levels of Cu, Zn, Cd, Mg and Ca in <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
fruit peel and <italic>P. guajava</italic>
leaves were within the acceptable limits for human consumption. The order of concentration of elements in both the samples showed the following trend: Mg > Ca > Al > Zn > Cu > Cd > Hg = As = Se. The content of Hg, As and Se in <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
fruit peel and <italic>P. guajava</italic>
leaves was significantly low and below detection limit. The content of toxic metals in tested plant samples was found to be low when compared with the limits prescribed by various authorities (World Health Organization, WHO; International Centre for Materials Research, ICMR; American Public Health Association, APHA). The content of Hg, As and Se in <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
fruit peel and <italic>P. guajava</italic>
leaves was not detectable and met the appropriate safety standards. In conclusion, the tested plant parts taken in the present study were found to be safe.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Toxicol Int</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">TI</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Toxicology International</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0971-6580</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">0976-5131</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications Pvt Ltd</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21976824</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3183626</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">TI-18-163</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0971-6580.84271</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Metal Analysis in <italic>Citrus Sinensis</italic>
Fruit Peel and <italic>Psidium Guajava</italic>
Leaf</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dhiman</surname>
<given-names>Anju</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nanda</surname>
<given-names>Arun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmad</surname>
<given-names>Sayeed</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">2</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana-124 001, USA.</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>1</label>
Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi – 110062, USA.</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>2</label>
Division of Kidney Diseases & Hypertension, Feinstien Institute of Medical Research, Great Neck, New York – 11021, USA.</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold>
Dr. Anju Dhiman, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana- 124001, India. E-mail: <email xlink:href="ad_mdu@rediffmail.com">ad_mdu@rediffmail.com</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>Jul-Dec</season>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>163</fpage>
<lpage>167</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Toxicology International</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>The determination of metal traces is very important because they are involved in biological cycles and indicate high toxicity. The objective of the present study is to measure the levels of heavy metals and mineral ions in medicinally important plant species, <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
and <italic>Psidium guajava</italic>
. This study investigates the accumulation of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Aluminum (Al), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Selenium (Se) and inorganic minerals like Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) in <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
(sweet orange) fruit peel and <italic>P. guajava</italic>
(guava) leaf, to measure the levels of heavy metal contamination. Dried powdered samples of the plants were digested using wet digestion method and elemental determination was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analysed by student's ‘t’ test. Values are considered significant at <italic>P</italic>
< 0.05. The results were compared with suitable safety standards and the levels of Cu, Zn, Cd, Mg and Ca in <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
fruit peel and <italic>P. guajava</italic>
leaves were within the acceptable limits for human consumption. The order of concentration of elements in both the samples showed the following trend: Mg > Ca > Al > Zn > Cu > Cd > Hg = As = Se. The content of Hg, As and Se in <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
fruit peel and <italic>P. guajava</italic>
leaves was significantly low and below detection limit. The content of toxic metals in tested plant samples was found to be low when compared with the limits prescribed by various authorities (World Health Organization, WHO; International Centre for Materials Research, ICMR; American Public Health Association, APHA). The content of Hg, As and Se in <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
fruit peel and <italic>P. guajava</italic>
leaves was not detectable and met the appropriate safety standards. In conclusion, the tested plant parts taken in the present study were found to be safe.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Atomic absorption spectrophotometer</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>heavy metals</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Psidium guajava</italic>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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