Calcium Increases Xylella fastidiosa Surface Attachment, Biofilm Formation, and Twitching Motility
Identifieur interne : 000C29 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000C28; suivant : 000C30Calcium Increases Xylella fastidiosa Surface Attachment, Biofilm Formation, and Twitching Motility
Auteurs : Luisa F. Cruz [États-Unis] ; Paul A. Cobine [États-Unis] ; Leonardo De La Fuente [États-Unis]Source :
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology [ 0099-2240 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.06501-11
PubMed: 22194297
PubMed Central: 3294462
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Calcium Increases <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xylella fastidiosa</named-content>
Surface Attachment, Biofilm Formation, and Twitching Motility</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cruz, Luisa F" sort="Cruz, Luisa F" uniqKey="Cruz L" first="Luisa F." last="Cruz">Luisa F. Cruz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cobine, Paul A" sort="Cobine, Paul A" uniqKey="Cobine P" first="Paul A." last="Cobine">Paul A. Cobine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De La Fuente, Leonardo" sort="De La Fuente, Leonardo" uniqKey="De La Fuente L" first="Leonardo" last="De La Fuente">Leonardo De La Fuente</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<idno type="pmid">22194297</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3294462</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294462</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3294462</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1128/AEM.06501-11</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
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<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000C29</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Calcium Increases <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xylella fastidiosa</named-content>
Surface Attachment, Biofilm Formation, and Twitching Motility</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cruz, Luisa F" sort="Cruz, Luisa F" uniqKey="Cruz L" first="Luisa F." last="Cruz">Luisa F. Cruz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cobine, Paul A" sort="Cobine, Paul A" uniqKey="Cobine P" first="Paul A." last="Cobine">Paul A. Cobine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De La Fuente, Leonardo" sort="De La Fuente, Leonardo" uniqKey="De La Fuente L" first="Leonardo" last="De La Fuente">Leonardo De La Fuente</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0099-2240</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5336</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><named-content content-type="genus-species">Xylella fastidiosa</named-content>
is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms inside xylem vessels, a process thought to be influenced by the chemical composition of xylem sap. In this work, the effect of calcium on the production of <named-content content-type="genus-species">X. fastidiosa</named-content>
biofilm and movement was analyzed under <italic>in vitro</italic>
conditions. After a dose-response study with 96-well plates using eight metals, the strongest increase of biofilm formation was observed when medium was supplemented with at least 1.0 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>
. The removal of Ca by extracellular (EGTA, 1.5 mM) and intracellular [1,2-bis(<italic>o</italic>
-aminophenoxy)ethane-<italic>N</italic>
,<italic>N</italic>
,<italic>N</italic>
′,<italic>N</italic>
′-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM), 75 μM] chelators reduced biofilm formation without compromising planktonic growth. The concentration of Ca influenced the force of adhesion to the substrate, biofilm thickness, cell-to-cell aggregation, and twitching motility, as shown by assays with microfluidic chambers and other assays. The effect of Ca on attachment was lost when cells were treated with tetracycline, suggesting that Ca has a metabolic or regulatory role in cell adhesion. A double mutant (<italic>fimA pilO</italic>
) lacking type I and type IV pili did not improve biofilm formation or attachment when Ca was added to the medium, while single mutants of type I (<italic>fimA</italic>
) or type IV (<italic>pilB</italic>
) pili formed more biofilm under conditions of higher Ca concentrations. The concentration of Ca in the medium did not significantly influence the levels of exopolysaccharide produced. Our findings indicate that the role of Ca in biofilm formation may be related to the initial surface and cell-to-cell attachment and colonization stages of biofilm establishment, which rely on critical functions by fimbrial structures.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Appl Environ Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">aem</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">aem</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AEM</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0099-2240</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1098-5336</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22194297</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3294462</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">06501-11</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/AEM.06501-11</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Plant Microbiology</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Calcium Increases <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xylella fastidiosa</named-content>
Surface Attachment, Biofilm Formation, and Twitching Motility</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cruz</surname>
<given-names>Luisa F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cobine</surname>
<given-names>Paul A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>De La Fuente</surname>
<given-names>Leonardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>
Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp>Address correspondence to Leonardo De La Fuente, <email>lzd0005@auburn.edu</email>
.</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>78</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>1321</fpage>
<lpage>1331</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>9</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>American Society for Microbiology</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zam00512001321.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p><named-content content-type="genus-species">Xylella fastidiosa</named-content>
is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms inside xylem vessels, a process thought to be influenced by the chemical composition of xylem sap. In this work, the effect of calcium on the production of <named-content content-type="genus-species">X. fastidiosa</named-content>
biofilm and movement was analyzed under <italic>in vitro</italic>
conditions. After a dose-response study with 96-well plates using eight metals, the strongest increase of biofilm formation was observed when medium was supplemented with at least 1.0 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>
. The removal of Ca by extracellular (EGTA, 1.5 mM) and intracellular [1,2-bis(<italic>o</italic>
-aminophenoxy)ethane-<italic>N</italic>
,<italic>N</italic>
,<italic>N</italic>
′,<italic>N</italic>
′-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM), 75 μM] chelators reduced biofilm formation without compromising planktonic growth. The concentration of Ca influenced the force of adhesion to the substrate, biofilm thickness, cell-to-cell aggregation, and twitching motility, as shown by assays with microfluidic chambers and other assays. The effect of Ca on attachment was lost when cells were treated with tetracycline, suggesting that Ca has a metabolic or regulatory role in cell adhesion. A double mutant (<italic>fimA pilO</italic>
) lacking type I and type IV pili did not improve biofilm formation or attachment when Ca was added to the medium, while single mutants of type I (<italic>fimA</italic>
) or type IV (<italic>pilB</italic>
) pili formed more biofilm under conditions of higher Ca concentrations. The concentration of Ca in the medium did not significantly influence the levels of exopolysaccharide produced. Our findings indicate that the role of Ca in biofilm formation may be related to the initial surface and cell-to-cell attachment and colonization stages of biofilm establishment, which rely on critical functions by fimbrial structures.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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