The Globalization of Traditional Medicine in Northern Peru: From Shamanism to Molecules
Identifieur interne : 001362 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001361; suivant : 001363The Globalization of Traditional Medicine in Northern Peru: From Shamanism to Molecules
Auteurs : Rainer W. BussmannSource :
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM [ 1741-427X ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Northern Peru represents the center of the Andean “health axis,” with roots going back to traditional practices of Cupisnique culture (1000 BC). For more than a decade of research, semistructured interviews were conducted with healers, collectors, and sellers of medicinal plants. In addition, bioassays were carried out to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of plants found. Most of the 510 species encountered were native to Peru (83%). Fifty percent of the plants used in colonial times have disappeared from the pharmacopoeia. Market vendors specialized either on common and exotic plants, plants for common ailments, and plants only used by healers or on plants with magical purposes. Over 974 preparations with up to 29 different ingredients were used to treat 164 health conditions. Almost 65% of the medicinal plants were applied in these mixtures. Antibacterial activity was confirmed in most plants used for infections. Twenty-four percent of the aqueous extracts and 76% of the ethanolic extracts showed toxicity. Traditional preparation methods take this into account when choosing the appropriate solvent for the preparation of a remedy. The increasing demand for medicinal species did not increase the cultivation of medicinal plants. Most species are wild collected, causing doubts about the sustainability of trade.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2013/291903
PubMed: 24454490
PubMed Central: 3888705
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3888705Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Globalization of Traditional Medicine in Northern Peru: From Shamanism to Molecules</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rainer W" sort="Bussmann, Rainer W" uniqKey="Bussmann R" first="Rainer W." last="Bussmann">Rainer W. Bussmann</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24454490</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3888705</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3888705</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3888705</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1155/2013/291903</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001362</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Globalization of Traditional Medicine in Northern Peru: From Shamanism to Molecules</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rainer W" sort="Bussmann, Rainer W" uniqKey="Bussmann R" first="Rainer W." last="Bussmann">Rainer W. Bussmann</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="I1">William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1741-427X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1741-4288</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Northern Peru represents the center of the Andean “health axis,” with roots going back to traditional practices of Cupisnique culture (1000 BC). For more than a decade of research, semistructured interviews were conducted with healers, collectors, and sellers of medicinal plants. In addition, bioassays were carried out to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of plants found. Most of the 510 species encountered were native to Peru (83%). Fifty percent of the plants used in colonial times have disappeared from the pharmacopoeia. Market vendors specialized either on common and exotic plants, plants for common ailments, and plants only used by healers or on plants with magical purposes. Over 974 preparations with up to 29 different ingredients were used to treat 164 health conditions. Almost 65% of the medicinal plants were applied in these mixtures. Antibacterial activity was confirmed in most plants used for infections. Twenty-four percent of the aqueous extracts and 76% of the ethanolic extracts showed toxicity. Traditional preparation methods take this into account when choosing the appropriate solvent for the preparation of a remedy. The increasing demand for medicinal species did not increase the cultivation of medicinal plants. Most species are wild collected, causing doubts about the sustainability of trade.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fisher, P" uniqKey="Fisher P">P Fisher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, A" uniqKey="Ward A">A Ward</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Domenighetti, G" uniqKey="Domenighetti G">G Domenighetti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grilli, R" uniqKey="Grilli R">R Grilli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guillod, O" uniqKey="Guillod O">O Guillod</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gutzwiller, F" uniqKey="Gutzwiller F">F Gutzwiller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quaglia, J" uniqKey="Quaglia J">J Quaglia</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zollman, C" uniqKey="Zollman C">C Zollman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vickers, Aj" uniqKey="Vickers A">AJ Vickers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eisenberg, Dm" uniqKey="Eisenberg D">DM Eisenberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davis, Rb" uniqKey="Davis R">RB Davis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ettner, Sl" uniqKey="Ettner S">SL Ettner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breevort, P" uniqKey="Breevort P">P Breevort</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tilbert, Jc" uniqKey="Tilbert J">JC Tilbert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaptchuk, Tj" uniqKey="Kaptchuk T">TJ Kaptchuk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Monardes, N" uniqKey="Monardes N">N Monardes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Acosta, J" uniqKey="De Acosta J">J de Acosta</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cobo, B" uniqKey="Cobo B">B Cobo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cobo, B" uniqKey="Cobo B">B Cobo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marinez Compa On, Db" uniqKey="Marinez Compa On D">DB Marínez Compañon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schjellerup, I" uniqKey="Schjellerup I">I Schjellerup</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruiz, H" uniqKey="Ruiz H">H Ruiz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raimondi, A" uniqKey="Raimondi A">A Raimondi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Glass Coffin, B" uniqKey="Glass Coffin B">B Glass-Coffin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uceda, S" uniqKey="Uceda S">S Uceda</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bejar, E" uniqKey="Bejar E">E Béjar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roa, C" uniqKey="Roa C">C Roa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bejar, E" uniqKey="Bejar E">E Béjar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roa, C" uniqKey="Roa C">C Roa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brako, L" uniqKey="Brako L">L Brako</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zarucchi, Jl" uniqKey="Zarucchi J">JL Zarucchi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brack Egg, A" uniqKey="Brack Egg A">A Brack Egg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brack Egg, A" uniqKey="Brack Egg A">A Brack Egg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alarco De Zandra, A" uniqKey="Alarco De Zandra A">A Alarco de Zandra</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="La Torre Cuadros, M" uniqKey="La Torre Cuadros M">M La Torre-Cuadros</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alban Castillo, J" uniqKey="Alban Castillo J">J Albán Castillo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Larco Herrera, F" uniqKey="Larco Herrera F">F Larco Herrera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Valdizan, H" uniqKey="Valdizan H">H Valdizan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maldonado, Ya" uniqKey="Maldonado Y">YA Maldonado</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Soukup, J" uniqKey="Soukup J">J Soukup</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="L Pez, Ta" uniqKey="L Pez T">TA López</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campero, Cm" uniqKey="Campero C">CM Campero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chayer, R" uniqKey="Chayer R">R Chayer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Hoyos, M" uniqKey="De Hoyos M">M De Hoyos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Ferreira, Ec" uniqKey="De Ferreira E">EC De Ferreira</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Ferreira, Ec" uniqKey="De Ferreira E">EC De Ferreira</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Duke, Ja" uniqKey="Duke J">JA Duke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Velazquez, Yr" uniqKey="Velazquez Y">YR Velazquez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Camino, L" uniqKey="Camino L">L Camino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cruz Sanchez, G" uniqKey="Cruz Sanchez G">G Cruz Sánchez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dobkin De Rios, M" uniqKey="Dobkin De Rios M">M Dobkin de Rios</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dobkin De Rios, M" uniqKey="Dobkin De Rios M">M Dobkin de Rios</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bristol, Ml" uniqKey="Bristol M">ML Bristol</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Crosby, Dm" uniqKey="Crosby D">DM Crosby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, Jl" uniqKey="Mclaughlin J">JL McLaughlin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dobkin De Rios, Md" uniqKey="Dobkin De Rios M">MD Dobkin de Rios</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dobkin De Rios, M" uniqKey="Dobkin De Rios M">M Dobkin De Rios</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cardenas, M" uniqKey="Cardenas M">M Cardenas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pummangura, S" uniqKey="Pummangura S">S Pummangura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, Jl" uniqKey="Mclaughlin J">JL McLaughlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schifferdecker, Rc" uniqKey="Schifferdecker R">RC Schifferdecker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martin, Rt" uniqKey="Martin R">RT Martin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Naranjo, P" uniqKey="Naranjo P">P Naranjo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plowman, T" uniqKey="Plowman T">T Plowman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plowman, T" uniqKey="Plowman T">T Plowman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plowman, T" uniqKey="Plowman T">T Plowman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rivier, L" uniqKey="Rivier L">L Rivier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindgren, J E" uniqKey="Lindgren J">J-E Lindgren</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mckenna, Dj" uniqKey="Mckenna D">DJ McKenna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luna, Le" uniqKey="Luna L">LE Luna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Towers, Chn" uniqKey="Towers C">CHN Towers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schultes, Re" uniqKey="Schultes R">RE Schultes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raffauf, R" uniqKey="Raffauf R">R Raffauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bianchi, A" uniqKey="Bianchi A">A Bianchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samorini, G" uniqKey="Samorini G">G Samorini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chiappe, M" uniqKey="Chiappe M">M Chiappe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lemlij, M" uniqKey="Lemlij M">M Lemlij</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Millones, L" uniqKey="Millones L">L Millones</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cabieses Molina, F" uniqKey="Cabieses Molina F">F Cabieses Molina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schultes, Re" uniqKey="Schultes R">RE Schultes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hofmann, A" uniqKey="Hofmann A">A Hofmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cabieses Molina, F" uniqKey="Cabieses Molina F">F Cabieses Molina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yacovleff, E" uniqKey="Yacovleff E">E Yacovleff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larco Herrera, F" uniqKey="Larco Herrera F">F Larco-Herrera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weberbauer, A" uniqKey="Weberbauer A">A Weberbauer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Towle, Ma" uniqKey="Towle M">MA Towle</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Valdivia Ponce, O" uniqKey="Valdivia Ponce O">O Valdivia Ponce</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lira, Ja" uniqKey="Lira J">JA Lira</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Franquemont, C" uniqKey="Franquemont C">C Franquemont</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Plowman, T" uniqKey="Plowman T">T Plowman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franquemont, E" uniqKey="Franquemont E">E Franquemont</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Girault, L" uniqKey="Girault L">L Girault</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bastien, J" uniqKey="Bastien J">J Bastien</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bastien, J" uniqKey="Bastien J">J Bastien</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roersch, C" uniqKey="Roersch C">C Roersch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Hoogte, Yl" uniqKey="Van Der Hoogte Y">YL van der Hoogte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roersch, C" uniqKey="Roersch C">C Roersch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macia, Mj" uniqKey="Macia M">MJ Macía</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, E" uniqKey="Garcia E">E García</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vidaurre, Pj" uniqKey="Vidaurre P">PJ Vidaurre</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prance, Gt" uniqKey="Prance G">GT Prance</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vazquez, R" uniqKey="Vazquez R">R Vazquez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jovel, Em" uniqKey="Jovel E">EM Jovel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cabanillas, J" uniqKey="Cabanillas J">J Cabanillas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Towers, Ghn" uniqKey="Towers G">GHN Towers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cabieses Molina, F" uniqKey="Cabieses Molina F">F Cabieses Molina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cabieses Molina, F" uniqKey="Cabieses Molina F">F Cabieses Molina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meza, E" uniqKey="Meza E">E Meza</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Polia, M" uniqKey="Polia M">M Polia</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Della Valle, C" uniqKey="Della Valle C">C della Valle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Simone, F" uniqKey="De Simone F">F De Simone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pizza, C" uniqKey="Pizza C">C Pizza</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hammond, Gb" uniqKey="Hammond G">GB Hammond</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernandez, Id" uniqKey="Fernandez I">ID Fernández</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villegas, Lf" uniqKey="Villegas L">LF Villegas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaisberg, Aj" uniqKey="Vaisberg A">AJ Vaisberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, F" uniqKey="Rodriguez F">F Rodriguez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farnsworth, N" uniqKey="Farnsworth N">N Farnsworth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Akerele, O" uniqKey="Akerele O">O Akerele</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bingel, A" uniqKey="Bingel A">A Bingel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soejarto, D" uniqKey="Soejarto D">D Soejarto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Z" uniqKey="Guo Z">Z Guo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seguin, Ca" uniqKey="Seguin C">CA Seguin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seguin, Ca" uniqKey="Seguin C">CA Seguin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hayden, C" uniqKey="Hayden C">C Hayden</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pallardel Peralta, Th" uniqKey="Pallardel Peralta T">TH Pallardel Peralta</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rutter, Ra" uniqKey="Rutter R">RA Rutter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cabieses Molina, F" uniqKey="Cabieses Molina F">F Cabieses Molina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cabieses Molina, F" uniqKey="Cabieses Molina F">F Cabieses Molina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Venero, B" uniqKey="Venero B">B Venero</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chumpitaz, M" uniqKey="Chumpitaz M">M Chumpitaz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Portillo, Z" uniqKey="Portillo Z">Z Portillo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Honores, Am" uniqKey="Fernandez Honores A">AM Fernández Honores</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues Rodriguez, Ef" uniqKey="Rodrigues Rodriguez E">EF Rodrígues Rodríguez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moran, K" uniqKey="Moran K">K Moran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="King, Sr" uniqKey="King S">SR King</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carlson, Tj" uniqKey="Carlson T">TJ Carlson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Iwu, Mm" uniqKey="Iwu M">MM Iwu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buitron, X" uniqKey="Buitron X">X Buitron</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schultes, Re" uniqKey="Schultes R">RE Schultes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raffauf, R" uniqKey="Raffauf R">R Raffauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Elisabetsky, E" uniqKey="Elisabetsky E">E Elisabetsky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castilhos, Zc" uniqKey="Castilhos Z">ZC Castilhos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cox, Pa" uniqKey="Cox P">PA Cox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balick, Mj" uniqKey="Balick M">MJ Balick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schultes, Re" uniqKey="Schultes R">RE Schultes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brown, M" uniqKey="Brown M">M Brown</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reid, W" uniqKey="Reid W">W Reid</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mooney, P" uniqKey="Mooney P">P Mooney</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baker, Jt" uniqKey="Baker J">JT Baker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borris, Rp" uniqKey="Borris R">RP Borris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carte, B" uniqKey="Carte B">B Carté</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Angulo, P" uniqKey="Angulo P">P Angulo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Manek, M" uniqKey="Manek M">M Manek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lettington, R" uniqKey="Lettington R">R Lettington</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greaves, T" uniqKey="Greaves T">T Greaves</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bannister, K" uniqKey="Bannister K">K Bannister</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrett, K" uniqKey="Barrett K">K Barrett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferro, M" uniqKey="Ferro M">M Ferro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruiz, P" uniqKey="Ruiz P">P Ruiz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferro, M" uniqKey="Ferro M">M Ferro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruiz, P" uniqKey="Ruiz P">P Ruiz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Agurto, J" uniqKey="Agurto J">J Agurto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abad, L" uniqKey="Abad L">L Abad</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Unnikrishnan, Pm" uniqKey="Unnikrishnan P">PM Unnikrishnan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suneetha, Ms" uniqKey="Suneetha M">MS Suneetha</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alam, G" uniqKey="Alam G">G Alam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belt, J" uniqKey="Belt J">J Belt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balick, M" uniqKey="Balick M">M Balick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendelsohn, R" uniqKey="Mendelsohn R">R Mendelsohn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lambert, J" uniqKey="Lambert J">J Lambert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Srivastava, J" uniqKey="Srivastava J">J Srivastava</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vietmeyer, N" uniqKey="Vietmeyer N">N Vietmeyer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glenn, A" uniqKey="Glenn A">A Glenn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, K" uniqKey="Meyer K">K Meyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuhlman, A" uniqKey="Kuhlman A">A Kuhlman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Townesmith, A" uniqKey="Townesmith A">A Townesmith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vandebroek, I" uniqKey="Vandebroek I">I Vandebroek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, A" uniqKey="Jones A">A Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Revene, Z" uniqKey="Revene Z">Z Revene</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez, A" uniqKey="Lopez A">A Lopez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, M" uniqKey="Garcia M">M Garcia</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malca Garcia, G" uniqKey="Malca Garcia G">G Malca-García</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glenn, A" uniqKey="Glenn A">A Glenn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malca, G" uniqKey="Malca G">G Malca</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glenn, A" uniqKey="Glenn A">A Glenn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diaz, D" uniqKey="Diaz D">D Diaz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barocio, Y" uniqKey="Barocio Y">Y Barocio</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez, F" uniqKey="Perez F">F Perez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez, F" uniqKey="Perez F">F Perez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diaz, D" uniqKey="Diaz D">D Díaz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ford, T" uniqKey="Ford T">T Ford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rasheed, T" uniqKey="Rasheed T">T Rasheed</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glenn, A" uniqKey="Glenn A">A Glenn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, K" uniqKey="Meyer K">K Meyer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glenn, A" uniqKey="Glenn A">A Glenn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glenn, A" uniqKey="Glenn A">A Glenn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, K" uniqKey="Meyer K">K Meyer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perez, F" uniqKey="Perez F">F Perez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, F" uniqKey="Rodriguez F">F Rodríguez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le N, G" uniqKey="Le N G">G León</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glenn, A" uniqKey="Glenn A">A Glenn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Revene, Z" uniqKey="Revene Z">Z Revene</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carrillo, L" uniqKey="Carrillo L">L Carrillo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glass Coffin, B" uniqKey="Glass Coffin B">B Glass-Coffin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galvez, C" uniqKey="Galvez C">C Galvez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Garrafas, R" uniqKey="Sanchez Garrafas R">R Sánchez Garrafas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanchez Garrafas, R" uniqKey="Sanchez Garrafas R">R Sánchez Garrafas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vergara, E" uniqKey="Vergara E">E Vergara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasquez, R" uniqKey="Vasquez R">R Vásquez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fernandez, M" uniqKey="Fernandez M">M Fernández</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Villar, M" uniqKey="Villar M">M Villar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villavicencio, O" uniqKey="Villavicencio O">O Villavicencio</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcbride, Jf" uniqKey="Mcbride J">JF McBride</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Pm" uniqKey="J Rgensen P">PM Jørgensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le N Yanez, S" uniqKey="Le N Yanez S">S León-Yanez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Pm" uniqKey="J Rgensen P">PM Jørgensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ulloa Ulloa, C" uniqKey="Ulloa Ulloa C">C Ulloa Ulloa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pestalozzi, Hu" uniqKey="Pestalozzi H">HU Pestalozzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ulloa Ulloa, C" uniqKey="Ulloa Ulloa C">C Ulloa Ulloa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Pm" uniqKey="J Rgensen P">PM Jørgensen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Den Eynden, V" uniqKey="Van Den Eynden V">V van den Eynden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cueva, C" uniqKey="Cueva C">C Cueva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cabrera, O" uniqKey="Cabrera O">O Cabrera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joralemon, D" uniqKey="Joralemon D">D Joralemon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oblitas, E" uniqKey="Oblitas E">E Oblitas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kohli, Rp" uniqKey="Kohli R">RP Kohli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dua, Pr" uniqKey="Dua P">PR Dua</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shanker, K" uniqKey="Shanker K">K Shanker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saxena, Rc" uniqKey="Saxena R">RC Saxena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kulshrestha, Vk" uniqKey="Kulshrestha V">VK Kulshrestha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singh, N" uniqKey="Singh N">N Singh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saxena, Rc" uniqKey="Saxena R">RC Saxena</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohli, Rp" uniqKey="Kohli R">RP Kohli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Choochote, W" uniqKey="Choochote W">W Choochote</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tuetun, B" uniqKey="Tuetun B">B Tuetun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kanjanapothi, D" uniqKey="Kanjanapothi D">D Kanjanapothi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tafreshi, Ap" uniqKey="Tafreshi A">AP Tafreshi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahmadi, A" uniqKey="Ahmadi A">A Ahmadi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghaffarpur, M" uniqKey="Ghaffarpur M">M Ghaffarpur</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Emamghoreishi, M" uniqKey="Emamghoreishi M">M Emamghoreishi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khasaki, M" uniqKey="Khasaki M">M Khasaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aazam, Mf" uniqKey="Aazam M">MF Aazam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bradwejn, J" uniqKey="Bradwejn J">J Bradwejn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Y" uniqKey="Zhou Y">Y Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koszycki, D" uniqKey="Koszycki D">D Koszycki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shlik, J" uniqKey="Shlik J">J Shlik</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Veerendra Kumar, Mh" uniqKey="Veerendra Kumar M">MH Veerendra Kumar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, Yk" uniqKey="Gupta Y">YK Gupta</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ernst, E" uniqKey="Ernst E">E Ernst</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saxena, G" uniqKey="Saxena G">G Saxena</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flora, Sjs" uniqKey="Flora S">SJS Flora</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wijeweera, P" uniqKey="Wijeweera P">P Wijeweera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arnason, Jt" uniqKey="Arnason J">JT Arnason</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koszycki, D" uniqKey="Koszycki D">D Koszycki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Merali, Z" uniqKey="Merali Z">Z Merali</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Awad, R" uniqKey="Awad R">R Awad</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levac, D" uniqKey="Levac D">D Levac</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cybulska, P" uniqKey="Cybulska P">P Cybulska</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Merali, Z" uniqKey="Merali Z">Z Merali</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trudeau, Vl" uniqKey="Trudeau V">VL Trudeau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arnason, Jt" uniqKey="Arnason J">JT Arnason</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corral, I" uniqKey="Corral I">I Corral</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin Davila, P" uniqKey="Martin Davila P">P Martín-Dávila</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fortun, J" uniqKey="Fortun J">J Fortún</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barbosa, Nr" uniqKey="Barbosa N">NR Barbosa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pittella, F" uniqKey="Pittella F">F Pittella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gattaz, Wf" uniqKey="Gattaz W">WF Gattaz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ponnusamy, K" uniqKey="Ponnusamy K">K Ponnusamy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohan, M" uniqKey="Mohan M">M Mohan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagaraja, Hs" uniqKey="Nagaraja H">HS Nagaraja</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fejes, S" uniqKey="Fejes S">S Fejes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kery, A" uniqKey="Kery A">Á Kéry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blazovics, A" uniqKey="Blazovics A">A Blázovics</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gaitonde, Bb" uniqKey="Gaitonde B">BB Gaitonde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joglekar, Sn" uniqKey="Joglekar S">SN Joglekar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singh, D" uniqKey="Singh D">D Singh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singh, A" uniqKey="Singh A">A Singh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Molina Hernandez, M" uniqKey="Molina Hernandez M">M Molina-Hernandez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tellez Alcantara, Np" uniqKey="Tellez Alcantara N">NP Tellez-Alcantara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diaz, Ma" uniqKey="Diaz M">MA Diaz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez Garcia, J" uniqKey="Perez Garcia J">J Perez Garcia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olivera Lopez, Ji" uniqKey="Olivera Lopez J">JI Olivera Lopez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaramillo, Mt" uniqKey="Jaramillo M">MT Jaramillo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Lima, Tcm" uniqKey="De Lima T">TCM De Lima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morato, Gs" uniqKey="Morato G">GS Morato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takahashi, Rn" uniqKey="Takahashi R">RN Takahashi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ho, Nk" uniqKey="Ho N">NK Ho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gharzouli, K" uniqKey="Gharzouli K">K Gharzouli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khennouf, S" uniqKey="Khennouf S">S Khennouf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amira, S" uniqKey="Amira S">S Amira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gharzouli, A" uniqKey="Gharzouli A">A Gharzouli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Classen, W" uniqKey="Classen W">W Classen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Altmann, B" uniqKey="Altmann B">B Altmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gretener, P" uniqKey="Gretener P">P Gretener</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Souppart, C" uniqKey="Souppart C">C Souppart</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skelton Stroud, P" uniqKey="Skelton Stroud P">P Skelton-Stroud</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krinke, G" uniqKey="Krinke G">G Krinke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haze, S" uniqKey="Haze S">S Haze</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sakai, K" uniqKey="Sakai K">K Sakai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gozu, Y" uniqKey="Gozu Y">Y Gozu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amos, S" uniqKey="Amos S">S Amos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chindo, Ba" uniqKey="Chindo B">BA Chindo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abbah, J" uniqKey="Abbah J">J Abbah</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perazzo, Ff" uniqKey="Perazzo F">FF Perazzo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carvalho, Jct" uniqKey="Carvalho J">JCT Carvalho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carvalho, Je" uniqKey="Carvalho J">JE Carvalho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rehder, Vlg" uniqKey="Rehder V">VLG Rehder</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vermiglio, F" uniqKey="Vermiglio F">F Vermiglio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lo Presti, Vp" uniqKey="Lo Presti V">VP Lo Presti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moleti, M" uniqKey="Moleti M">M Moleti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oh, Ty" uniqKey="Oh T">TY Oh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, Gj" uniqKey="Ahn G">GJ Ahn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Sm" uniqKey="Choi S">SM Choi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, Bo" uniqKey="Ahn B">BO Ahn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Wb" uniqKey="Kim W">WB Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pereira, P" uniqKey="Pereira P">P Pereira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tysca, D" uniqKey="Tysca D">D Tysca</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oliveira, P" uniqKey="Oliveira P">P Oliveira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brum, Lfds" uniqKey="Brum L">LFDS Brum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Picada, Jn" uniqKey="Picada J">JN Picada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ardenghi, P" uniqKey="Ardenghi P">P Ardenghi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Salah, Sm" uniqKey="Salah S">SM Salah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="J Ger, Ak" uniqKey="J Ger A">AK Jäger</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Dh" uniqKey="Kim D">DH Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeon, Sj" uniqKey="Jeon S">SJ Jeon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Son, Kh" uniqKey="Son K">KH Son</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Y H" uniqKey="Kim Y">Y-H Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Y W" uniqKey="Kim Y">Y-W Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oh, Y J" uniqKey="Oh Y">Y-J Oh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beong, Ol" uniqKey="Beong O">OL Beong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hae, Gc" uniqKey="Hae G">GC Hae</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, W H" uniqKey="Lee W">W-H Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ho, Wl" uniqKey="Ho W">WL Ho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suk, K" uniqKey="Suk K">K Suk</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tortoriello, J" uniqKey="Tortoriello J">J Tortoriello</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aguilar Santamaria, L" uniqKey="Aguilar Santamaria L">L Aguilar-Santamaría</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Newsholme, Sj" uniqKey="Newsholme S">SJ Newsholme</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellerman, Ts" uniqKey="Kellerman T">TS Kellerman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Welman, Wg" uniqKey="Welman W">WG Welman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Avallone, R" uniqKey="Avallone R">R Avallone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zanoli, P" uniqKey="Zanoli P">P Zanoli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Puia, G" uniqKey="Puia G">G Puia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kleinschnitz, M" uniqKey="Kleinschnitz M">M Kleinschnitz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schreier, P" uniqKey="Schreier P">P Schreier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baraldi, M" uniqKey="Baraldi M">M Baraldi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zanoli, P" uniqKey="Zanoli P">P Zanoli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avallone, R" uniqKey="Avallone R">R Avallone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baraldi, M" uniqKey="Baraldi M">M Baraldi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Block, Ki" uniqKey="Block K">KI Block</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gyllenhaal, C" uniqKey="Gyllenhaal C">C Gyllenhaal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mead, Mn" uniqKey="Mead M">MN Mead</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dianova, Rg" uniqKey="Dianova R">RG Dianova</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vos, Jh" uniqKey="Vos J">JH Vos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geerts, Aaj" uniqKey="Geerts A">AAJ Geerts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borgers, Jw" uniqKey="Borgers J">JW Borgers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mars, Mh" uniqKey="Mars M">MH Mars</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muskens, Jam" uniqKey="Muskens J">JAM Muskens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Wuijckhuise Sjouke, La" uniqKey="Van Wuijckhuise Sjouke L">LA Van Wuijckhuise-Sjouke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Catalano, S" uniqKey="Catalano S">S Catalano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cioni, Pl" uniqKey="Cioni P">PL Cioni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Menichini, A" uniqKey="Menichini A">A Menichini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bilia, Ar" uniqKey="Bilia A">AR Bilia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morelli, I" uniqKey="Morelli I">I Morelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chandhoke, N" uniqKey="Chandhoke N">N Chandhoke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghatak, Bj" uniqKey="Ghatak B">BJ Ghatak</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marin, Rh" uniqKey="Marin R">RH Marin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, Da" uniqKey="Garcia D">DA Garcia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martijena, Id" uniqKey="Martijena I">ID Martijena</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zygadlo, Ja" uniqKey="Zygadlo J">JA Zygadlo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arce, A" uniqKey="Arce A">A Arce</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perillo, Ma" uniqKey="Perillo M">MA Perillo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guadarrama Cruz, G" uniqKey="Guadarrama Cruz G">G Guadarrama-Cruz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alarcon Aguilar, Fj" uniqKey="Alarcon Aguilar F">FJ Alarcon-Aguilar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lezama Velasco, R" uniqKey="Lezama Velasco R">R Lezama-Velasco</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vazquez Palacios, G" uniqKey="Vazquez Palacios G">G Vazquez-Palacios</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bonilla Jaime, H" uniqKey="Bonilla Jaime H">H Bonilla-Jaime</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Henderson, L" uniqKey="Henderson L">L Henderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yue, Qy" uniqKey="Yue Q">QY Yue</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergquist, C" uniqKey="Bergquist C">C Bergquist</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerden, B" uniqKey="Gerden B">B Gerden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arlett, P" uniqKey="Arlett P">P Arlett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Szegedi, A" uniqKey="Szegedi A">A Szegedi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohnen, R" uniqKey="Kohnen R">R Kohnen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dienel, A" uniqKey="Dienel A">A Dienel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kieser, M" uniqKey="Kieser M">M Kieser</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azaizeh, H" uniqKey="Azaizeh H">H Azaizeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saad, B" uniqKey="Saad B">B Saad</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khalil, K" uniqKey="Khalil K">K Khalil</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Said, O" uniqKey="Said O">O Said</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kasper, S" uniqKey="Kasper S">S Kasper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anghelescu, I G" uniqKey="Anghelescu I">I-G Anghelescu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Szegedi, A" uniqKey="Szegedi A">A Szegedi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dienel, A" uniqKey="Dienel A">A Dienel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kieser, M" uniqKey="Kieser M">M Kieser</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Soulimani, R" uniqKey="Soulimani R">R Soulimani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fleurentin, J" uniqKey="Fleurentin J">J Fleurentin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mortier, F" uniqKey="Mortier F">F Mortier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Misslin, R" uniqKey="Misslin R">R Misslin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derrieu, G" uniqKey="Derrieu G">G Derrieu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pelt, J M" uniqKey="Pelt J">J-M Pelt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coleta, M" uniqKey="Coleta M">M Coleta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campos, Mg" uniqKey="Campos M">MG Campos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotrim, Md" uniqKey="Cotrim M">MD Cotrim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pronca Da Cunha, A" uniqKey="Pronca Da Cunha A">A Pronça da Cunha</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Herrera Ruiz, M" uniqKey="Herrera Ruiz M">M Herrera-Ruiz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Beltran, Y" uniqKey="Garcia Beltran Y">Y García-Beltrán</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mora, S" uniqKey="Mora S">S Mora</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, L" uniqKey="Huang L">L Huang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abuhamdah, S" uniqKey="Abuhamdah S">S Abuhamdah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Howes, M Jr" uniqKey="Howes M">M-JR Howes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morgan, Aj" uniqKey="Morgan A">AJ Morgan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jorm, Af" uniqKey="Jorm A">AF Jorm</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lahlou, S" uniqKey="Lahlou S">S Lahlou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leal Interaminense, Ldf" uniqKey="Leal Interaminense L">LDF Leal Interaminense</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leal Cardoso, Jh" uniqKey="Leal Cardoso J">JH Leal-Cardoso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morais, Sm" uniqKey="Morais S">SM Morais</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duarte, Gp" uniqKey="Duarte G">GP Duarte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leal Interaminense, Lf" uniqKey="Leal Interaminense L">LF Leal Interaminense</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leal Cardoso, Jh" uniqKey="Leal Cardoso J">JH Leal-Cardoso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caldas Magalhaes, Pj" uniqKey="Caldas Magalhaes P">PJ Caldas Magalhães</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pinto Duarte, G" uniqKey="Pinto Duarte G">G Pinto Duarte</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lahlou, S" uniqKey="Lahlou S">S Lahlou</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prakash, P" uniqKey="Prakash P">P Prakash</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, N" uniqKey="Gupta N">N Gupta</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ravindran, R" uniqKey="Ravindran R">R Ravindran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Devi, Rs" uniqKey="Devi R">RS Devi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samson, J" uniqKey="Samson J">J Samson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Senthilvelan, M" uniqKey="Senthilvelan M">M Senthilvelan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Freire, Cmm" uniqKey="Freire C">CMM Freire</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marques, Mom" uniqKey="Marques M">MOM Marques</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Costa, M" uniqKey="Costa M">M Costa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capasso, R" uniqKey="Capasso R">R Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borrelli, F" uniqKey="Borrelli F">F Borrelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capasso, F" uniqKey="Capasso F">F Capasso</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cosola, C" uniqKey="Cosola C">C Cosola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albrizio, M" uniqKey="Albrizio M">M Albrizio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guaricci, Ac" uniqKey="Guaricci A">AC Guaricci</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mora, S" uniqKey="Mora S">S Mora</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Millan, R" uniqKey="Millan R">R Millán</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lungenstrass, H" uniqKey="Lungenstrass H">H Lungenstrass</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Imanshahidi, M" uniqKey="Imanshahidi M">M Imanshahidi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hosseinzadeh, H" uniqKey="Hosseinzadeh H">H Hosseinzadeh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capasso, A" uniqKey="Capasso A">A Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Simone, F" uniqKey="De Simone F">F De Simone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sorrentino, L" uniqKey="Sorrentino L">L Sorrentino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Park, Hg" uniqKey="Park H">HG Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoon, Sy" uniqKey="Yoon S">SY Yoon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Jy" uniqKey="Choi J">JY Choi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sarris, J" uniqKey="Sarris J">J Sarris</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okuyama, E" uniqKey="Okuyama E">E Okuyama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Okamoto, Y" uniqKey="Okamoto Y">Y Okamoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamazaki, M" uniqKey="Yamazaki M">M Yamazaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Satake, M" uniqKey="Satake M">M Satake</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Franco, Cif" uniqKey="Franco C">CIF Franco</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morais, Lcsl" uniqKey="Morais L">LCSL Morais</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quintans, Lj" uniqKey="Quintans L">LJ Quintans</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Almeida, Rn" uniqKey="Almeida R">RN Almeida</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Antoniolli, Ar" uniqKey="Antoniolli A">AR Antoniolli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Demetriades, Ak" uniqKey="Demetriades A">AK Demetriades</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wallman, Pd" uniqKey="Wallman P">PD Wallman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcguiness, A" uniqKey="Mcguiness A">A McGuiness</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gavalas, Mc" uniqKey="Gavalas M">MC Gavalas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sonavane, Gs" uniqKey="Sonavane G">GS Sonavane</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarveiya, Vp" uniqKey="Sarveiya V">VP Sarveiya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kasture, Vs" uniqKey="Kasture V">VS Kasture</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kasture, Sb" uniqKey="Kasture S">SB Kasture</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sufka, Kj" uniqKey="Sufka K">KJ Sufka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roach, Jt" uniqKey="Roach J">JT Roach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chambliss, J" uniqKey="Chambliss J">J Chambliss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nogueira, E" uniqKey="Nogueira E">E Nogueira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosa, Gjm" uniqKey="Rosa G">GJM Rosa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vassilieff, Vs" uniqKey="Vassilieff V">VS Vassilieff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Toriizuka, K" uniqKey="Toriizuka K">K Toriizuka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamiki, H" uniqKey="Kamiki H">H Kamiki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ohmura, N" uniqKey="Ohmura N">N Ohmura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Said, Ms" uniqKey="Al Said M">MS Al-Said</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tariq, M" uniqKey="Tariq M">M Tariq</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Yahya, Ma" uniqKey="Al Yahya M">MA Al-Yahya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rafatullah, S" uniqKey="Rafatullah S">S Rafatullah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ginnawi, Ot" uniqKey="Ginnawi O">OT Ginnawi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ageel, Am" uniqKey="Ageel A">AM Ageel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Speroni, E" uniqKey="Speroni E">E Speroni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Minghetti, A" uniqKey="Minghetti A">A Minghetti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Herrera Ruiz, M" uniqKey="Herrera Ruiz M">M Herrera-Ruiz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roman Ramos, R" uniqKey="Roman Ramos R">R Román-Ramos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zamilpa, A" uniqKey="Zamilpa A">A Zamilpa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tortoriello, J" uniqKey="Tortoriello J">J Tortoriello</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jimenez Ferrer, Je" uniqKey="Jimenez Ferrer J">JE Jiménez-Ferrer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barreiro Arcos, Ml" uniqKey="Barreiro Arcos M">ML Barreiro Arcos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cremaschi, G" uniqKey="Cremaschi G">G Cremaschi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Werner, S" uniqKey="Werner S">S Werner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coussio, J" uniqKey="Coussio J">J Coussio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferraro, G" uniqKey="Ferraro G">G Ferraro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anesini, C" uniqKey="Anesini C">C Anesini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aguirre Hernandez, E" uniqKey="Aguirre Hernandez E">E Aguirre-Hernández</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosas Acevedo, H" uniqKey="Rosas Acevedo H">H Rosas-Acevedo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soto Hernendez, M" uniqKey="Soto Hernendez M">M Soto-Hernéndez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martinez, Al" uniqKey="Martinez A">AL Martínez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreno, J" uniqKey="Moreno J">J Moreno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Trujano, Me" uniqKey="Gonzalez Trujano M">ME González-Trujano</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aguirre Hernandez, E" uniqKey="Aguirre Hernandez E">E Aguirre-Hernández</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martinez, Al" uniqKey="Martinez A">AL Martínez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Trujano, Me" uniqKey="Gonzalez Trujano M">ME González-Trujano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreno, J" uniqKey="Moreno J">J Moreno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vibrans, H" uniqKey="Vibrans H">H Vibrans</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soto Hernandez, M" uniqKey="Soto Hernandez M">M Soto-Hernández</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perez Ortega, G" uniqKey="Perez Ortega G">G Pérez-Ortega</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guevara Fefer, P" uniqKey="Guevara Fefer P">P Guevara-Fefer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chavez, M" uniqKey="Chavez M">M Chávez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capasso, A" uniqKey="Capasso A">A Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Simone, F" uniqKey="De Simone F">F De Simone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sorrentino, L" uniqKey="Sorrentino L">L Sorrentino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capasso, A" uniqKey="Capasso A">A Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faro, C" uniqKey="Faro C">C Faro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mora, S" uniqKey="Mora S">S Mora</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diaz Veliz, G" uniqKey="Diaz Veliz G">G Díaz-Véliz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Millan, R" uniqKey="Millan R">R Millán</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Helli N Ibarrola, Mc" uniqKey="Helli N Ibarrola M">MC Hellión-Ibarrola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ibarrola, Da" uniqKey="Ibarrola D">DA Ibarrola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montalbetti, Y" uniqKey="Montalbetti Y">Y Montalbetti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Autore, G" uniqKey="Autore G">G Autore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capasso, F" uniqKey="Capasso F">F Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Simone, F" uniqKey="De Simone F">F De Simone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mascolo, N" uniqKey="Mascolo N">N Mascolo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kawamoto, R" uniqKey="Kawamoto R">R Kawamoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murase, C" uniqKey="Murase C">C Murase</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ishihara, I" uniqKey="Ishihara I">I Ishihara</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lehrner, J" uniqKey="Lehrner J">J Lehrner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marwinski, G" uniqKey="Marwinski G">G Marwinski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lehr, S" uniqKey="Lehr S">S Lehr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johren, P" uniqKey="Johren P">P Johren</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deecke, L" uniqKey="Deecke L">L Deecke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Imura, M" uniqKey="Imura M">M Imura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Komiya, M" uniqKey="Komiya M">M Komiya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takeuchi, T" uniqKey="Takeuchi T">T Takeuchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harada, E" uniqKey="Harada E">E Harada</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Moraes Pultrini, A" uniqKey="De Moraes Pultrini A">A De Moraes Pultrini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Almeida Galindo, L" uniqKey="Almeida Galindo L">L Almeida Galindo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Costa, M" uniqKey="Costa M">M Costa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yi, L T" uniqKey="Yi L">L-T Yi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, J M" uniqKey="Li J">J-M Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Y C" uniqKey="Li Y">Y-C Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pan, Y" uniqKey="Pan Y">Y Pan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Q" uniqKey="Xu Q">Q Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kong, L D" uniqKey="Kong L">L-D Kong</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leathwood, Pd" uniqKey="Leathwood P">PD Leathwood</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chauffard, F" uniqKey="Chauffard F">F Chauffard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heck, E" uniqKey="Heck E">E Heck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munoz Box, R" uniqKey="Munoz Box R">R Munoz-Box</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jm" uniqKey="Kim J">JM Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Sm" uniqKey="Choi S">SM Choi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Dh" uniqKey="Kim D">DH Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leathwood, Pd" uniqKey="Leathwood P">PD Leathwood</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chauffard, F" uniqKey="Chauffard F">F Chauffard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dunayev, Vv" uniqKey="Dunayev V">VV Dunayev</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trzhetsinsky, Sd" uniqKey="Trzhetsinsky S">SD Trzhetsinsky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tishkin, Vs" uniqKey="Tishkin V">VS Tishkin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fursa, Ns" uniqKey="Fursa N">NS Fursa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linenko, Vi" uniqKey="Linenko V">VI Linenko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stets, Vr" uniqKey="Stets V">VR Stets</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leuschner, J" uniqKey="Leuschner J">J Leuschner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, J" uniqKey="Muller J">J Muller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rudmann, M" uniqKey="Rudmann M">M Rudmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Santos, Ms" uniqKey="Santos M">MS Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferreira, F" uniqKey="Ferreira F">F Ferreira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cunha, Ap" uniqKey="Cunha A">AP Cunha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carvalho, Ap" uniqKey="Carvalho A">AP Carvalho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Macedo, T" uniqKey="Macedo T">T Macedo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Santos, Ms" uniqKey="Santos M">MS Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferreira, F" uniqKey="Ferreira F">F Ferreira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faro, C" uniqKey="Faro C">C Faro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cavadas, C" uniqKey="Cavadas C">C Cavadas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Araujo, I" uniqKey="Araujo I">I Araujo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotrim, Md" uniqKey="Cotrim M">MD Cotrim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capasso, A" uniqKey="Capasso A">A Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Di Giannuario, A" uniqKey="Di Giannuario A">A Di Giannuario</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loizzo, A" uniqKey="Loizzo A">A Loizzo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pieretti, S" uniqKey="Pieretti S">S Pieretti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sagratella, S" uniqKey="Sagratella S">S Sagratella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sorrentino, L" uniqKey="Sorrentino L">L Sorrentino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Houghton, Pj" uniqKey="Houghton P">PJ Houghton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ortiz, Jg" uniqKey="Ortiz J">JG Ortiz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nieves Natal, J" uniqKey="Nieves Natal J">J Nieves-Natal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chavez, P" uniqKey="Chavez P">P Chavez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miyasaka, Ls" uniqKey="Miyasaka L">LS Miyasaka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Atallah, An" uniqKey="Atallah A">AN Atallah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soares, Bg" uniqKey="Soares B">BG Soares</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharyya, D" uniqKey="Bhattacharyya D">D Bhattacharyya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jana, U" uniqKey="Jana U">U Jana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Debnath, Pk" uniqKey="Debnath P">PK Debnath</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sur, Tk" uniqKey="Sur T">TK Sur</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fachinetto, R" uniqKey="Fachinetto R">R Fachinetto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villarinho, Jg" uniqKey="Villarinho J">JG Villarinho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wagner, C" uniqKey="Wagner C">C Wagner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Geller, Se" uniqKey="Geller S">SE Geller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Studee, L" uniqKey="Studee L">L Studee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krystal, Ad" uniqKey="Krystal A">AD Krystal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saeed, Sa" uniqKey="Saeed S">SA Saeed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bloch, Rm" uniqKey="Bloch R">RM Bloch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Antonacci, Dj" uniqKey="Antonacci D">DJ Antonacci</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wu, J K" uniqKey="Wu J">J-K Wu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huo, J H" uniqKey="Huo J">J-H Huo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, X W" uniqKey="Du X">X-W Du</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yao, M" uniqKey="Yao M">M Yao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ritchie, He" uniqKey="Ritchie H">HE Ritchie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown Woodman, Pd" uniqKey="Brown Woodman P">PD Brown-Woodman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hattesohl, M" uniqKey="Hattesohl M">M Hattesohl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feistel, B" uniqKey="Feistel B">B Feistel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sievers, H" uniqKey="Sievers H">H Sievers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lehnfeld, R" uniqKey="Lehnfeld R">R Lehnfeld</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hegger, M" uniqKey="Hegger M">M Hegger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winterhoff, H" uniqKey="Winterhoff H">H Winterhoff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tariq, Sh" uniqKey="Tariq S">SH Tariq</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pulisetty, S" uniqKey="Pulisetty S">S Pulisetty</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharya, S" uniqKey="Bhattacharya S">S Bhattacharya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pal, S" uniqKey="Pal S">S Pal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chaudhuri, Akn" uniqKey="Chaudhuri A">AKN Chaudhuri</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Smet, Pagm" uniqKey="De Smet P">PAGM De Smet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berenguer, J" uniqKey="Berenguer J">J Berenguer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Torres, Cm" uniqKey="Torres C">CM Torres</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Torres, Cm" uniqKey="Torres C">CM Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Repke, Db" uniqKey="Repke D">DB Repke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, K" uniqKey="Chan K">K Chan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Torres, Cm" uniqKey="Torres C">CM Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Repke, Db" uniqKey="Repke D">DB Repke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Torres, Cm" uniqKey="Torres C">CM Torres</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schultes, Re" uniqKey="Schultes R">RE Schultes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schultes, Re" uniqKey="Schultes R">RE Schultes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schultes, Re" uniqKey="Schultes R">RE Schultes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holmstedt, B" uniqKey="Holmstedt B">B Holmstedt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schultes, Re" uniqKey="Schultes R">RE Schultes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schultes, Re" uniqKey="Schultes R">RE Schultes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lockwood, Te" uniqKey="Lockwood T">TE Lockwood</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rojas, Jj" uniqKey="Rojas J">JJ Rojas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ochoa, Vj" uniqKey="Ochoa V">VJ Ochoa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ocampo, Sa" uniqKey="Ocampo S">SA Ocampo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mu Oz, Jf" uniqKey="Mu Oz J">JF Muñoz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roses, Oe" uniqKey="Roses O">OE Roses</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villaamii, Ee" uniqKey="Villaamii E">EE Villaamii</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Fernandez, Jc" uniqKey="Garcia Fernandez J">JC Garcia Fernandez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mi O, Jh" uniqKey="Mi O J">JH Miño</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roses, Oe" uniqKey="Roses O">OE Roses</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gambaro, Ve" uniqKey="Gambaro V">VE Gambaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rofi, R" uniqKey="Rofi R">R Rofi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roses, Oe" uniqKey="Roses O">OE Roses</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez, Cm" uniqKey="Lopez C">CM Lopez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Fernandez, Jc" uniqKey="Garcia Fernandez J">JC Garcia Fernandez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gambaro, Ve" uniqKey="Gambaro V">VE Gambaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roses, Oe" uniqKey="Roses O">OE Roses</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capasso, A" uniqKey="Capasso A">A Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pinto, A" uniqKey="Pinto A">A Pinto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mascolo, N" uniqKey="Mascolo N">N Mascolo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Autore, G" uniqKey="Autore G">G Autore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capasso, F" uniqKey="Capasso F">F Capasso</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capasso, A" uniqKey="Capasso A">A Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Di Giannuario, A" uniqKey="Di Giannuario A">A Di Giannuario</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loizzo, A" uniqKey="Loizzo A">A Loizzo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pieretti, S" uniqKey="Pieretti S">S Pieretti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sorrentino, L" uniqKey="Sorrentino L">L Sorrentino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capasso, A" uniqKey="Capasso A">A Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V de Feo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Simone, F" uniqKey="De Simone F">F de Simone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sorrentino, L" uniqKey="Sorrentino L">L Sorrentino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capasso, A" uniqKey="Capasso A">A Capasso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Feo, V" uniqKey="De Feo V">V De Feo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anaya Reyes Gavilan, H" uniqKey="Anaya Reyes Gavilan H">H Anaya Reyes-Gavilan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tacoronte Morales, Je" uniqKey="Tacoronte Morales J">JE Tacoronte Morales</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nogueiras Lima, C" uniqKey="Nogueiras Lima C">C Nogueiras Lima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fuentes Fiallo, V" uniqKey="Fuentes Fiallo V">V Fuentes Fiallo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Basterrechea Rey, M" uniqKey="Basterrechea Rey M">M Basterrechea Rey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Griffin, Wj" uniqKey="Griffin W">WJ Griffin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Gd" uniqKey="Lin G">GD Lin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plowman, T" uniqKey="Plowman T">T Plowman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Poindexter, Eh" uniqKey="Poindexter E">EH Poindexter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Rd" uniqKey="Carpenter R">RD Carpenter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilbert, J" uniqKey="Wilbert J">J Wilbert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wilbert, J" uniqKey="Wilbert J">J Wilbert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Janiger, O" uniqKey="Janiger O">O Janiger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dobkin De Rios, M" uniqKey="Dobkin De Rios M">M Dobkin de Rios</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plotkin, Mj" uniqKey="Plotkin M">MJ Plotkin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mittermeier, Ra" uniqKey="Mittermeier R">RA Mittermeier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Constable, I" uniqKey="Constable I">I Constable</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Elferink, Jgr" uniqKey="Elferink J">JGR Elferink</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Knauer, La" uniqKey="Knauer L">LA Knauer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maloney, Wj" uniqKey="Maloney W">WJ Maloney</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Poisson, J" uniqKey="Poisson J">J Poisson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kluver, H" uniqKey="Kluver H">H Klüver</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shulgin, At" uniqKey="Shulgin A">AT Shulgin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shulgin, At" uniqKey="Shulgin A">AT Shulgin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pardanani, Jh" uniqKey="Pardanani J">JH Pardanani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, Jl" uniqKey="Mclaughlin J">JL McLaughlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kondrat, Rw" uniqKey="Kondrat R">RW Kondrat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooks, Rg" uniqKey="Cooks R">RG Cooks</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gennaro, Mc" uniqKey="Gennaro M">MC Gennaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gioannini, E" uniqKey="Gioannini E">E Gioannini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giacosa, D" uniqKey="Giacosa D">D Giacosa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Siccardi, D" uniqKey="Siccardi D">D Siccardi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kovar, K A" uniqKey="Kovar K">K-A Kovar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Davis, Ew" uniqKey="Davis E">EW Davis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bruhn, Jg" uniqKey="Bruhn J">JG Bruhn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Smet, Pagm" uniqKey="De Smet P">PAGM De Smet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Seedi, Hr" uniqKey="El Seedi H">HR El-Seedi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beck, O" uniqKey="Beck O">O Beck</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mckenna, Dj" uniqKey="Mckenna D">DJ McKenna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Towers, Ghn" uniqKey="Towers G">GHN Towers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abbott, F" uniqKey="Abbott F">F Abbott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Riba, J" uniqKey="Riba J">J Riba</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderer, P" uniqKey="Anderer P">P Anderer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morte, A" uniqKey="Morte A">A Morte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Riba, J" uniqKey="Riba J">J Riba</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valle, M" uniqKey="Valle M">M Valle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Urbano, G" uniqKey="Urbano G">G Urbano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yritia, M" uniqKey="Yritia M">M Yritia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morte, A" uniqKey="Morte A">A Morte</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbanoj, Mj" uniqKey="Barbanoj M">MJ Barbanoj</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carlini, Ea" uniqKey="Carlini E">EA Carlini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Da Silveira, Dx" uniqKey="Da Silveira D">DX Da Silveira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grob, Cs" uniqKey="Grob C">CS Grob</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Rios, Md" uniqKey="De Rios M">MD De Rios</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Onnor, Ka" uniqKey="O Onnor K">KA O’Connor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roth, Bl" uniqKey="Roth B">BL Roth</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Santos, Rg" uniqKey="Santos R">RG Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landeira Fernandez, J" uniqKey="Landeira Fernandez J">J Landeira-Fernandez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strassman, Rj" uniqKey="Strassman R">RJ Strassman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Motta, V" uniqKey="Motta V">V Motta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cruz, Apm" uniqKey="Cruz A">APM Cruz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frison, G" uniqKey="Frison G">G Frison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Favretto, D" uniqKey="Favretto D">D Favretto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zancanaro, F" uniqKey="Zancanaro F">F Zancanaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fazzin, G" uniqKey="Fazzin G">G Fazzin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferrara, Sd" uniqKey="Ferrara S">SD Ferrara</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weil, At" uniqKey="Weil A">AT Weil</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Biella, Cda" uniqKey="Biella C">CDA Biella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salvador, Mj" uniqKey="Salvador M">MJ Salvador</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dias, Da" uniqKey="Dias D">DA Dias</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dias Baruffi, M" uniqKey="Dias Baruffi M">M Dias-Baruffi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pereira Crott, Ls" uniqKey="Pereira Crott L">LS Pereira-Crott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Braga, Fg" uniqKey="Braga F">FG Braga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bouzada, Mlm" uniqKey="Bouzada M">MLM Bouzada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fabri, Rl" uniqKey="Fabri R">RL Fabri</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Atta, Ah" uniqKey="Atta A">AH Atta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alkofahi, A" uniqKey="Alkofahi A">A Alkofahi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holetz, Fb" uniqKey="Holetz F">FB Holetz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pessini, Gl" uniqKey="Pessini G">GL Pessini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanches, Nr" uniqKey="Sanches N">NR Sanches</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cortez, Dag" uniqKey="Cortez D">DAG Cortez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Cv" uniqKey="Nakamura C">CV Nakamura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dias Filho, Bp" uniqKey="Dias Filho B">BP Dias Filho</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perez Garcia, F" uniqKey="Perez Garcia F">F Pérez-García</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marin, E" uniqKey="Marin E">E Marín</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adzet, T" uniqKey="Adzet T">T Adzet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ca Igueral, S" uniqKey="Ca Igueral S">S Cañigueral</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jari, S" uniqKey="Jari S">S Jarić</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Popovi, Z" uniqKey="Popovi Z">Z Popović</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Macukanovi Joci, M" uniqKey="Macukanovi Joci M">M Macukanović-Jocić</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bard N, A" uniqKey="Bard N A">A Bardón</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borkosky, S" uniqKey="Borkosky S">S Borkosky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ybarra, Mi" uniqKey="Ybarra M">MI Ybarra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montanaro, S" uniqKey="Montanaro S">S Montanaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cartagena, E" uniqKey="Cartagena E">E Cartagena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Enriquez, R" uniqKey="Enriquez R">R Enriquez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ortega, J" uniqKey="Ortega J">J Ortega</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lozoya, X" uniqKey="Lozoya X">X Lozoya</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Uzun, E" uniqKey="Uzun E">E Uzun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sariyar, G" uniqKey="Sariyar G">G Sariyar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adsersen, A" uniqKey="Adsersen A">A Adsersen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caceres, A" uniqKey="Caceres A">A Caceres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alvarez, Av" uniqKey="Alvarez A">AV Alvarez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ovando, Ae" uniqKey="Ovando A">AE Ovando</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samayoa, Be" uniqKey="Samayoa B">BE Samayoa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turner, Nj" uniqKey="Turner N">NJ Turner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hebda, Rj" uniqKey="Hebda R">RJ Hebda</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gachet, Ms" uniqKey="Gachet M">MS Gachet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schuhly, W" uniqKey="Schuhly W">W Schühly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ishtiaq, M" uniqKey="Ishtiaq M">M Ishtiaq</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanif, W" uniqKey="Hanif W">W Hanif</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, Ma" uniqKey="Khan M">MA Khan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ashraf, M" uniqKey="Ashraf M">M Ashraf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Butt, Am" uniqKey="Butt A">AM Butt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Molina Salinas, Gm" uniqKey="Molina Salinas G">GM Molina-Salinas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez L Pez, A" uniqKey="Perez L Pez A">A Pérez-López</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Becerril Montes, P" uniqKey="Becerril Montes P">P Becerril-Montes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salazar Aranda, R" uniqKey="Salazar Aranda R">R Salazar-Aranda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Said Fernandez, S" uniqKey="Said Fernandez S">S Said-Fernández</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, Nwd" uniqKey="Torres N">NWD Torres</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abad, Mj" uniqKey="Abad M">MJ Abad</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bermejo, P" uniqKey="Bermejo P">P Bermejo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carretero, E" uniqKey="Carretero E">E Carretero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martinez Acitores, C" uniqKey="Martinez Acitores C">C Martínez-Acitores</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Noguera, B" uniqKey="Noguera B">B Noguera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villar, A" uniqKey="Villar A">A Villar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kumarasamy, Y" uniqKey="Kumarasamy Y">Y Kumarasamy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cox, Pj" uniqKey="Cox P">PJ Cox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaspars, M" uniqKey="Jaspars M">M Jaspars</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nahar, L" uniqKey="Nahar L">L Nahar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarker, Sd" uniqKey="Sarker S">SD Sarker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Linares, E" uniqKey="Linares E">E Linares</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bye, Ra" uniqKey="Bye R">RA Bye</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hebbar, Ss" uniqKey="Hebbar S">SS Hebbar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harsha, Vh" uniqKey="Harsha V">VH Harsha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shripathi, V" uniqKey="Shripathi V">V Shripathi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hegde, Gr" uniqKey="Hegde G">GR Hegde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hajhashemi, V" uniqKey="Hajhashemi V">V Hajhashemi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghannadi, A" uniqKey="Ghannadi A">A Ghannadi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharif, B" uniqKey="Sharif B">B Sharif</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cruz Vega, De" uniqKey="Cruz Vega D">DE Cruz-Vega</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verde Star, Mj" uniqKey="Verde Star M">MJ Verde-Star</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salinas Gonzalez, N" uniqKey="Salinas Gonzalez N">N Salinas-González</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deharo, E" uniqKey="Deharo E">E Deharo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baelmans, R" uniqKey="Baelmans R">R Baelmans</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gimenez, A" uniqKey="Gimenez A">A Gimenez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quenevo, C" uniqKey="Quenevo C">C Quenevo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bourdy, G" uniqKey="Bourdy G">G Bourdy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heitzman, Me" uniqKey="Heitzman M">ME Heitzman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neto, Cc" uniqKey="Neto C">CC Neto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Winiarz, E" uniqKey="Winiarz E">E Winiarz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaisberg, Aj" uniqKey="Vaisberg A">AJ Vaisberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hammond, Gb" uniqKey="Hammond G">GB Hammond</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giron, Lm" uniqKey="Giron L">LM Giron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freire, V" uniqKey="Freire V">V Freire</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alonzo, A" uniqKey="Alonzo A">A Alonzo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caceres, A" uniqKey="Caceres A">A Caceres</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wannissorn, B" uniqKey="Wannissorn B">B Wannissorn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jarikasem, S" uniqKey="Jarikasem S">S Jarikasem</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Siriwangchai, T" uniqKey="Siriwangchai T">T Siriwangchai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thubthimthed, S" uniqKey="Thubthimthed S">S Thubthimthed</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andrade Cetto, A" uniqKey="Andrade Cetto A">A Andrade-Cetto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rakover, Y" uniqKey="Rakover Y">Y Rakover</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ben Arye, E" uniqKey="Ben Arye E">E Ben-Arye</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldstein, Lh" uniqKey="Goldstein L">LH Goldstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carmona, Md" uniqKey="Carmona M">MD Carmona</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Llorach, R" uniqKey="Llorach R">R Llorach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Obon, C" uniqKey="Obon C">C Obon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivera, D" uniqKey="Rivera D">D Rivera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mothana, Raa" uniqKey="Mothana R">RAA Mothana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mentel, R" uniqKey="Mentel R">R Mentel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reiss, C" uniqKey="Reiss C">C Reiss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindequist, U" uniqKey="Lindequist U">U Lindequist</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petkov, V" uniqKey="Petkov V">V Petkov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bielory, L" uniqKey="Bielory L">L Bielory</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Momani, W" uniqKey="Al Momani W">W Al-Momani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abu Basha, E" uniqKey="Abu Basha E">E Abu-Basha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Janakat, S" uniqKey="Janakat S">S Janakat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicholas, Raj" uniqKey="Nicholas R">RAJ Nicholas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ayling, Rd" uniqKey="Ayling R">RD Ayling</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rivera, D" uniqKey="Rivera D">D Rivera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ob N, C" uniqKey="Ob N C">C Obón</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ritch Krc, Em" uniqKey="Ritch Krc E">EM Ritch-Krc</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, S" uniqKey="Thomas S">S Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, Nj" uniqKey="Turner N">NJ Turner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Towers, Ghn" uniqKey="Towers G">GHN Towers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Duarte, Mct" uniqKey="Duarte M">MCT Duarte</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Figueira, Gm" uniqKey="Figueira G">GM Figueira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sartoratto, A" uniqKey="Sartoratto A">A Sartoratto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rehder, Vlg" uniqKey="Rehder V">VLG Rehder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delarmelina, C" uniqKey="Delarmelina C">C Delarmelina</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Redzi, Ss" uniqKey="Redzi S">SS Redžić</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ali Shtayeh, Ms" uniqKey="Ali Shtayeh M">MS Ali-Shtayeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yaniv, Z" uniqKey="Yaniv Z">Z Yaniv</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahajna, J" uniqKey="Mahajna J">J Mahajna</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kirdpon, S" uniqKey="Kirdpon S">S Kirdpon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kirdpon, W" uniqKey="Kirdpon W">W Kirdpon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Airarat, W" uniqKey="Airarat W">W Airarat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trevanich, A" uniqKey="Trevanich A">A Trevanich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nanakorn, S" uniqKey="Nanakorn S">S Nanakorn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mishra, A" uniqKey="Mishra A">A Mishra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dogra, Jv" uniqKey="Dogra J">JV Dogra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singh, Jn" uniqKey="Singh J">JN Singh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jha, Op" uniqKey="Jha O">OP Jha</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, S C" uniqKey="Lee S">S-C Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsai, C C" uniqKey="Tsai C">C-C Tsai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, J C" uniqKey="Chen J">J-C Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, C C" uniqKey="Lin C">C-C Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, M L" uniqKey="Hu M">M-L Hu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, S" uniqKey="Lu S">S Lu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wojcikowski, K" uniqKey="Wojcikowski K">K Wojcikowski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wohlmuth, H" uniqKey="Wohlmuth H">H Wohlmuth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Dw" uniqKey="Johnson D">DW Johnson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rolfe, M" uniqKey="Rolfe M">M Rolfe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gobe, G" uniqKey="Gobe G">G Gobe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Samuelsen, Ab" uniqKey="Samuelsen A">AB Samuelsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lans, C" uniqKey="Lans C">C Lans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grases, F" uniqKey="Grases F">F Grases</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melero, G" uniqKey="Melero G">G Melero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Costa Bauza, A" uniqKey="Costa Bauza A">A Costa-Bauza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prieto, R" uniqKey="Prieto R">R Prieto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="March, Jg" uniqKey="March J">JG March</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Masteikova, R" uniqKey="Masteikova R">R Masteiková</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klimas, R" uniqKey="Klimas R">R Klimas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samura, Bb" uniqKey="Samura B">BB Samura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wright, Ci" uniqKey="Wright C">CI Wright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Buren, L" uniqKey="Van Buren L">L Van-Buren</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kroner, Ci" uniqKey="Kroner C">CI Kroner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koning, Mmg" uniqKey="Koning M">MMG Koning</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, L" uniqKey="Hernandez L">L Hernández</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mu Oz, Ra" uniqKey="Mu Oz R">RA Muñoz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mir, G" uniqKey="Mir G">G Miró</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martinez, M" uniqKey="Martinez M">M Martínez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva Parra, J" uniqKey="Silva Parra J">J Silva-Parra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chavez, Pi" uniqKey="Chavez P">PI Chávez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kieley, S" uniqKey="Kieley S">S Kieley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dwivedi, R" uniqKey="Dwivedi R">R Dwivedi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monga, M" uniqKey="Monga M">M Monga</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gillett, Na" uniqKey="Gillett N">NA Gillett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, C" uniqKey="Chan C">C Chan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rahman, K" uniqKey="Rahman K">K Rahman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aggarwal, Bb" uniqKey="Aggarwal B">BB Aggarwal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shishodia, S" uniqKey="Shishodia S">S Shishodia</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Darshan, S" uniqKey="Darshan S">S Darshan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Doreswamy, R" uniqKey="Doreswamy R">R Doreswamy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zochling, J" uniqKey="Zochling J">J Zochling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="March, Lm" uniqKey="March L">LM March</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lapsley, H" uniqKey="Lapsley H">H Lapsley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cross, M" uniqKey="Cross M">M Cross</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tribe, K" uniqKey="Tribe K">K Tribe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks, P" uniqKey="Brooks P">P Brooks</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ban, Jo" uniqKey="Ban J">JO Ban</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oh, Jh" uniqKey="Oh J">JH Oh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Tm" uniqKey="Kim T">TM Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, H S" uniqKey="Lee H">H-S Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, C H" uniqKey="Lee C">C-H Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsai, H C" uniqKey="Tsai H">H-C Tsai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salter, Dm" uniqKey="Salter D">DM Salter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piscoya, J" uniqKey="Piscoya J">J Piscoya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Z" uniqKey="Rodriguez Z">Z Rodriguez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bustamante, Sa" uniqKey="Bustamante S">SA Bustamante</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Okuhama, Nn" uniqKey="Okuhama N">NN Okuhama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, Mjs" uniqKey="Miller M">MJS Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sandoval, M" uniqKey="Sandoval M">M Sandoval</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mur, E" uniqKey="Mur E">E Mur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hartig, F" uniqKey="Hartig F">F Hartig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eibl, G" uniqKey="Eibl G">G Eibl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schirmer, M" uniqKey="Schirmer M">M Schirmer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Setty, Ar" uniqKey="Setty A">AR Setty</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sigal, Lh" uniqKey="Sigal L">LH Sigal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hardin, Sr" uniqKey="Hardin S">SR Hardin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Riehemann, K" uniqKey="Riehemann K">K Riehemann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Behnke, B" uniqKey="Behnke B">B Behnke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schulze Osthoff, K" uniqKey="Schulze Osthoff K">K Schulze-Osthoff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Randall, C" uniqKey="Randall C">C Randall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Randall, H" uniqKey="Randall H">H Randall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dobbs, F" uniqKey="Dobbs F">F Dobbs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hutton, C" uniqKey="Hutton C">C Hutton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanders, H" uniqKey="Sanders H">H Sanders</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Broer, J" uniqKey="Broer J">J Broer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Behnke, B" uniqKey="Behnke B">B Behnke</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schulze Tanzil, G" uniqKey="Schulze Tanzil G">G Schulze-Tanzil</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Souza, P" uniqKey="De Souza P">P De Souza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Behnke, B" uniqKey="Behnke B">B Behnke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klingelhoefer, S" uniqKey="Klingelhoefer S">S Klingelhoefer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheid, A" uniqKey="Scheid A">A Scheid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shakibaei, M" uniqKey="Shakibaei M">M Shakibaei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Konrad, A" uniqKey="Konrad A">A Konrad</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="M Hler, M" uniqKey="M Hler M">M Mähler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arni, S" uniqKey="Arni S">S Arni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flogerzi, B" uniqKey="Flogerzi B">B Flogerzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klingelhofer, S" uniqKey="Klingelhofer S">S Klingelhöfer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seibold, F" uniqKey="Seibold F">F Seibold</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khalifeh, Ms" uniqKey="Khalifeh M">MS Khalifeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hananeh, W" uniqKey="Hananeh W">W Hananeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Rukibat, R" uniqKey="Al Rukibat R">R Al-Rukibat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Okour, O" uniqKey="Okour O">O Okour</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boumezrag, A" uniqKey="Boumezrag A">A Boumezrag</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rayburn, K" uniqKey="Rayburn K">K Rayburn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fleischbein, E" uniqKey="Fleischbein E">E Fleischbein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, J" uniqKey="Song J">J Song</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ratheesh, M" uniqKey="Ratheesh M">M Ratheesh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shyni, Gl" uniqKey="Shyni G">GL Shyni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sindhu, G" uniqKey="Sindhu G">G Sindhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Helen, A" uniqKey="Helen A">A Helen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ratheesh, M" uniqKey="Ratheesh M">M Ratheesh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shyni, Gl" uniqKey="Shyni G">GL Shyni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sindhu, G" uniqKey="Sindhu G">G Sindhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Helen, A" uniqKey="Helen A">A Helen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guerra, Rnm" uniqKey="Guerra R">RNM Guerra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pereira, H Aw" uniqKey="Pereira H">H-AW Pereira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silveira, Lms" uniqKey="Silveira L">LMS Silveira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olea, Rsg" uniqKey="Olea R">RSG Olea</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abad, Mj" uniqKey="Abad M">MJ Abad</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bessa, Al" uniqKey="Bessa A">AL Bessa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ballarin, B" uniqKey="Ballarin B">B Ballarin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arag N, O" uniqKey="Arag N O">O Aragón</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzales, E" uniqKey="Gonzales E">E Gonzales</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bermejo, P" uniqKey="Bermejo P">P Bermejo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Menghini, L" uniqKey="Menghini L">L Menghini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Massarelli, P" uniqKey="Massarelli P">P Massarelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruni, G" uniqKey="Bruni G">G Bruni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pagiotti, R" uniqKey="Pagiotti R">R Pagiotti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lans, C" uniqKey="Lans C">C Lans</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, N" uniqKey="Turner N">N Turner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, T" uniqKey="Khan T">T Khan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brauer, G" uniqKey="Brauer G">G Brauer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boepple, W" uniqKey="Boepple W">W Boepple</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cisar, P" uniqKey="Cisar P">P Cisár</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jany, R" uniqKey="Jany R">R Jány</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waczulikova, I" uniqKey="Waczulikova I">I Waczulíková</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ye Ilada, E" uniqKey="Ye Ilada E">E Yeşilada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ustun, O" uniqKey="Ustun O">O Üstün</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sezik, E" uniqKey="Sezik E">E Sezik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takaishi, Y" uniqKey="Takaishi Y">Y Takaishi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ono, Y" uniqKey="Ono Y">Y Ono</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Honda, G" uniqKey="Honda G">G Honda</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruta, R" uniqKey="Ruta R">R Ruta</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ageel, Am" uniqKey="Ageel A">AM Ageel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mossa, Js" uniqKey="Mossa J">JS Mossa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Yahya, Ma" uniqKey="Al Yahya M">MA Al-Yahya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Said, Ms" uniqKey="Al Said M">MS Al-Said</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tariq, M" uniqKey="Tariq M">M Tariq</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hurst, Np" uniqKey="Hurst N">NP Hurst</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kind, P" uniqKey="Kind P">P Kind</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruta, D" uniqKey="Ruta D">D Ruta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, M" uniqKey="Hunter M">M Hunter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stubbings, A" uniqKey="Stubbings A">A Stubbings</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruta, Da" uniqKey="Ruta D">DA Ruta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurst, Np" uniqKey="Hurst N">NP Hurst</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kind, P" uniqKey="Kind P">P Kind</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, M" uniqKey="Hunter M">M Hunter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stubbings, A" uniqKey="Stubbings A">A Stubbings</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guarrera, Pm" uniqKey="Guarrera P">PM Guarrera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucia, Lm" uniqKey="Lucia L">LM Lucia</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singh, A" uniqKey="Singh A">A Singh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Handa, Ss" uniqKey="Handa S">SS Handa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, B" uniqKey="Ahmed B">B Ahmed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alam, T" uniqKey="Alam T">T Alam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Varshney, M" uniqKey="Varshney M">M Varshney</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, Sa" uniqKey="Khan S">SA Khan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Subehan, S" uniqKey="Subehan S">S Subehan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zaidi, Sfh" uniqKey="Zaidi S">SFH Zaidi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kadota, S" uniqKey="Kadota S">S Kadota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tezuka, Y" uniqKey="Tezuka Y">Y Tezuka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perez, F" uniqKey="Perez F">F Perez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, F" uniqKey="Rodriguez F">F Rodríguez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le N, M" uniqKey="Le N M">M León</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malca, G" uniqKey="Malca G">G Malca</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mahady, Gb" uniqKey="Mahady G">GB Mahady</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pendland, Sl" uniqKey="Pendland S">SL Pendland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoia, A" uniqKey="Stoia A">A Stoia</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Mofleh, Ia" uniqKey="Al Mofleh I">IA Al Mofleh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alhalder, Aa" uniqKey="Alhalder A">AA Alhalder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mossa, Js" uniqKey="Mossa J">JS Mossa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Soohalbani, Mo" uniqKey="Al Soohalbani M">MO Al-Soohalbani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rafatullah, S" uniqKey="Rafatullah S">S Rafatullah</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nneli, Ro" uniqKey="Nneli R">RO Nneli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woyike, Oa" uniqKey="Woyike O">OA Woyike</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cavalcanti, Am" uniqKey="Cavalcanti A">AM Cavalcanti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baggio, Ch" uniqKey="Baggio C">CH Baggio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freitas, Cs" uniqKey="Freitas C">CS Freitas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yaeesh, S" uniqKey="Yaeesh S">S Yaeesh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jamal, Q" uniqKey="Jamal Q">Q Jamal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, A U" uniqKey="Khan A">A-U Khan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilani, Ah" uniqKey="Gilani A">AH Gilani</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lin, S C" uniqKey="Lin S">S-C Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, T C" uniqKey="Chung T">T-C Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, C C" uniqKey="Lin C">C-C Lin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lin, S C" uniqKey="Lin S">S-C Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, C H" uniqKey="Lin C">C-H Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, C C" uniqKey="Lin C">C-C Lin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dos Santos, Ac" uniqKey="Dos Santos A">AC Dos Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baggio, Ch" uniqKey="Baggio C">CH Baggio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freitas, Cs" uniqKey="Freitas C">CS Freitas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schutz, K" uniqKey="Schutz K">K Schütz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carle, R" uniqKey="Carle R">R Carle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schieber, A" uniqKey="Schieber A">A Schieber</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grigoleit, H G" uniqKey="Grigoleit H">H-G Grigoleit</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grigoleit, P" uniqKey="Grigoleit P">P Grigoleit</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="You, Y" uniqKey="You Y">Y You</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoo, S" uniqKey="Yoo S">S Yoo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoon, H G" uniqKey="Yoon H">H-G Yoon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuroda, K" uniqKey="Kuroda K">K Kuroda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takagi, K" uniqKey="Takagi K">K Takagi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuroda, K" uniqKey="Kuroda K">K Kuroda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Akao, M" uniqKey="Akao M">M Akao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kanisawa, M" uniqKey="Kanisawa M">M Kanisawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyaki, K" uniqKey="Miyaki K">K Miyaki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuroda, K" uniqKey="Kuroda K">K Kuroda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Akao, M" uniqKey="Akao M">M Akao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="An, Rb" uniqKey="An R">RB An</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeong, Gs" uniqKey="Jeong G">GS Jeong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beom, J S" uniqKey="Beom J">J-S Beom</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sohn, Dh" uniqKey="Sohn D">DH Sohn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Yc" uniqKey="Kim Y">YC Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Desmarchelier, C" uniqKey="Desmarchelier C">C Desmarchelier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schaus, Fw" uniqKey="Schaus F">FW Schaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coussio, J" uniqKey="Coussio J">J Coussio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cicca, G" uniqKey="Cicca G">G Cicca</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, K" uniqKey="Jones K">K Jones</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dharmani, P" uniqKey="Dharmani P">P Dharmani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mishra, Pk" uniqKey="Mishra P">PK Mishra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maurya, R" uniqKey="Maurya R">R Maurya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chauhan, Vs" uniqKey="Chauhan V">VS Chauhan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palit, G" uniqKey="Palit G">G Palit</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Melo, Gb" uniqKey="Melo G">GB Melo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Rl" uniqKey="Silva R">RL Silva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melo, Va" uniqKey="Melo V">VA Melo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Park, Cm" uniqKey="Park C">CM Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Youn, Hj" uniqKey="Youn H">HJ Youn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, Hk" uniqKey="Chang H">HK Chang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, Ys" uniqKey="Song Y">YS Song</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aristatile, B" uniqKey="Aristatile B">B Aristatile</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Numair, Ks" uniqKey="Al Numair K">KS Al-Numair</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Veeramani, C" uniqKey="Veeramani C">C Veeramani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pugalendi, Kv" uniqKey="Pugalendi K">KV Pugalendi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Sereiti, Mr" uniqKey="Al Sereiti M">MR Al-Sereiti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abu Amer, Km" uniqKey="Abu Amer K">KM Abu-Amer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sen, P" uniqKey="Sen P">P Sen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Castillo Juarez, I" uniqKey="Castillo Juarez I">I Castillo-Juárez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, V" uniqKey="Gonzalez V">V González</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaime Aguilar, H" uniqKey="Jaime Aguilar H">H Jaime-Aguilar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, R" uniqKey="Gutierrez R">R Gutiérrez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alvarado, Jl" uniqKey="Alvarado J">JL Alvarado</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Presno, M" uniqKey="Presno M">M Presno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez Veyna, O" uniqKey="Perez Veyna O">O Pérez-Veyna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Serrano, Cj" uniqKey="Serrano C">CJ Serrano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yahuaca, P" uniqKey="Yahuaca P">P Yahuaca</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harach, T" uniqKey="Harach T">T Harach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aprikian, O" uniqKey="Aprikian O">O Aprikian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monnard, I" uniqKey="Monnard I">I Monnard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kawagishi, H" uniqKey="Kawagishi H">H Kawagishi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fukumoto, Y" uniqKey="Fukumoto Y">Y Fukumoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hatakeyama, M" uniqKey="Hatakeyama M">M Hatakeyama</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khasina, Ei" uniqKey="Khasina E">EI Khasina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sgrebneva, Mn" uniqKey="Sgrebneva M">MN Sgrebneva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ovodova, Rg" uniqKey="Ovodova R">RG Ovodova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Golovchenko, Vv" uniqKey="Golovchenko V">VV Golovchenko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ovodov, Ys" uniqKey="Ovodov Y">YS Ovodov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schuldt, Ez" uniqKey="Schuldt E">EZ Schuldt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farias, Mr" uniqKey="Farias M">MR Farias</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ribeiro Do Valle, Rm" uniqKey="Ribeiro Do Valle R">RM Ribeiro-Do-Valle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ckless, K" uniqKey="Ckless K">K Ckless</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gurbuz, I" uniqKey="Gurbuz I">I Gürbüz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ozkan, Am" uniqKey="Ozkan A">AM Özkan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yesilada, E" uniqKey="Yesilada E">E Yesilada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kutsal, O" uniqKey="Kutsal O">O Kutsal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kultur, S" uniqKey="Kultur S">S Kültür</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maity, B" uniqKey="Maity B">B Maity</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Banerjee, D" uniqKey="Banerjee D">D Banerjee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bandyopadhyay, Sk" uniqKey="Bandyopadhyay S">SK Bandyopadhyay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chattopadhyay, S" uniqKey="Chattopadhyay S">S Chattopadhyay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yadav, As" uniqKey="Yadav A">AS Yadav</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhatnagar, D" uniqKey="Bhatnagar D">D Bhatnagar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chaturvedi, A" uniqKey="Chaturvedi A">A Chaturvedi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhawani, G" uniqKey="Bhawani G">G Bhawani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agarwal, Pk" uniqKey="Agarwal P">PK Agarwal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goel, S" uniqKey="Goel S">S Goel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singh, A" uniqKey="Singh A">A Singh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goel, Rk" uniqKey="Goel R">RK Goel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chau, C F" uniqKey="Chau C">C-F Chau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Y L" uniqKey="Huang Y">Y-L Huang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rudnicki, M" uniqKey="Rudnicki M">M Rudnicki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silveira, Mm" uniqKey="Silveira M">MM Silveira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pereira, Tv" uniqKey="Pereira T">TV Pereira</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matsuda, H" uniqKey="Matsuda H">H Matsuda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ninomiya, K" uniqKey="Ninomiya K">K Ninomiya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morikawa, T" uniqKey="Morikawa T">T Morikawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yasuda, D" uniqKey="Yasuda D">D Yasuda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamaguchi, I" uniqKey="Yamaguchi I">I Yamaguchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoshikawa, M" uniqKey="Yoshikawa M">M Yoshikawa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hou, Z" uniqKey="Hou Z">Z Hou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qin, P" uniqKey="Qin P">P Qin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ren, G" uniqKey="Ren G">G Ren</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quilez, A" uniqKey="Quilez A">A Quílez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berenguer, B" uniqKey="Berenguer B">B Berenguer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilardoni, G" uniqKey="Gilardoni G">G Gilardoni</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ratheesh, M" uniqKey="Ratheesh M">M Ratheesh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shyni, Gl" uniqKey="Shyni G">GL Shyni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Helen, A" uniqKey="Helen A">A Helen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaur, G" uniqKey="Kaur G">G Kaur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jabbar, Z" uniqKey="Jabbar Z">Z Jabbar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Athar, M" uniqKey="Athar M">M Athar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alam, Ms" uniqKey="Alam M">MS Alam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Faria, A" uniqKey="Faria A">A Faria</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monteiro, R" uniqKey="Monteiro R">R Monteiro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mateus, N" uniqKey="Mateus N">N Mateus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Azevedo, I" uniqKey="Azevedo I">I Azevedo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Calhau, C" uniqKey="Calhau C">C Calhau</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Toklu, Hz" uniqKey="Toklu H">HZ Toklu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dumlu, Mu" uniqKey="Dumlu M">MU Dumlu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sehirli, O" uniqKey="Sehirli O">Ö Sehirli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Celik, I" uniqKey="Celik I">I Celik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Temur, A" uniqKey="Temur A">A Temur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Isik, I" uniqKey="Isik I">I Isik</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singh, K" uniqKey="Singh K">K Singh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaggi, As" uniqKey="Jaggi A">AS Jaggi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singh, N" uniqKey="Singh N">N Singh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Washiyama, M" uniqKey="Washiyama M">M Washiyama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sasaki, Y" uniqKey="Sasaki Y">Y Sasaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hosokawa, T" uniqKey="Hosokawa T">T Hosokawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagumo, S" uniqKey="Nagumo S">S Nagumo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saewong, T" uniqKey="Saewong T">T Saewong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ounjaijean, S" uniqKey="Ounjaijean S">S Ounjaijean</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mundee, Y" uniqKey="Mundee Y">Y Mundee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Telefo, Pb" uniqKey="Telefo P">PB Telefo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moundipa, Pf" uniqKey="Moundipa P">PF Moundipa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tchouanguep, Fm" uniqKey="Tchouanguep F">FM Tchouanguep</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adams, Jd" uniqKey="Adams J">JD Adams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, C" uniqKey="Garcia C">C Garcia</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niederhofer, H" uniqKey="Niederhofer H">H Niederhofer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kupfersztain, C" uniqKey="Kupfersztain C">C Kupfersztain</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rotem, C" uniqKey="Rotem C">C Rotem</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fagot, R" uniqKey="Fagot R">R Fagot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaplan, B" uniqKey="Kaplan B">B Kaplan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greenlee, H" uniqKey="Greenlee H">H Greenlee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Atkinson, C" uniqKey="Atkinson C">C Atkinson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stanczyk, Fz" uniqKey="Stanczyk F">FZ Stanczyk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lampe, Jw" uniqKey="Lampe J">JW Lampe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhi, X" uniqKey="Zhi X">X Zhi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Honda, K I" uniqKey="Honda K">K-I Honda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ozaki, K" uniqKey="Ozaki K">K Ozaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Misugi, T" uniqKey="Misugi T">T Misugi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sumi, T" uniqKey="Sumi T">T Sumi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ishiko, O" uniqKey="Ishiko O">O Ishiko</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bourdy, G" uniqKey="Bourdy G">G Bourdy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walter, A" uniqKey="Walter A">A Walter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Komesaroff, Pa" uniqKey="Komesaroff P">PA Komesaroff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Black, Cvs" uniqKey="Black C">CVS Black</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cable, V" uniqKey="Cable V">V Cable</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sudhir, K" uniqKey="Sudhir K">K Sudhir</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Russell, L" uniqKey="Russell L">L Russell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hicks, Gs" uniqKey="Hicks G">GS Hicks</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Low, Ak" uniqKey="Low A">AK Low</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shepherd, Jm" uniqKey="Shepherd J">JM Shepherd</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Ca" uniqKey="Brown C">CA Brown</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wu, W H" uniqKey="Wu W">W-H Wu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, L Y" uniqKey="Liu L">L-Y Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, C J" uniqKey="Chung C">C-J Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jou, H J" uniqKey="Jou H">H-J Jou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, T A" uniqKey="Wang T">T-A Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parton, K" uniqKey="Parton K">K Parton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gardner, D" uniqKey="Gardner D">D Gardner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williamson, Nb" uniqKey="Williamson N">NB Williamson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Y S" uniqKey="Tsai Y">Y-S Tsai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tong, Y C" uniqKey="Tong Y">Y-C Tong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, J T" uniqKey="Cheng J">J-T Cheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, C H" uniqKey="Lee C">C-H Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, F S" uniqKey="Yang F">F-S Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, H Y" uniqKey="Lee H">H-Y Lee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yong, Hl" uniqKey="Yong H">HL Yong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, Hh" uniqKey="Sun H">HH Sun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Se, Yc" uniqKey="Se Y">YC Se</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gossell Williams, M" uniqKey="Gossell Williams M">M Gossell-Williams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davis, A" uniqKey="Davis A">A Davis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Onnor, N" uniqKey="O Onnor N">N O’Connor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nusier, Mk" uniqKey="Nusier M">MK Nusier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bataineh, Hn" uniqKey="Bataineh H">HN Bataineh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daradkah, Hm" uniqKey="Daradkah H">HM Daradkah</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chowdhury, N" uniqKey="Chowdhury N">N Chowdhury</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghosh, A" uniqKey="Ghosh A">A Ghosh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chandra, G" uniqKey="Chandra G">G Chandra</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharma, N" uniqKey="Sharma N">N Sharma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacob, D" uniqKey="Jacob D">D Jacob</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sharma, N" uniqKey="Sharma N">N Sharma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jocob, D" uniqKey="Jocob D">D Jocob</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ciganda, C" uniqKey="Ciganda C">C Ciganda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laborde, A" uniqKey="Laborde A">A Laborde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Batta, Sk" uniqKey="Batta S">SK Batta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santhakumari, G" uniqKey="Santhakumari G">G Santhakumari</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kasinathan, S" uniqKey="Kasinathan S">S Kasinathan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramakrishnan, S" uniqKey="Ramakrishnan S">S Ramakrishnan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Basu, Sl" uniqKey="Basu S">SL Basu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farnsworth, Nr" uniqKey="Farnsworth N">NR Farnsworth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waller, Dp" uniqKey="Waller D">DP Waller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, M" uniqKey="Ahmed M">M Ahmed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahamed, Rn" uniqKey="Ahamed R">RN Ahamed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aladakatti, Rh" uniqKey="Aladakatti R">RH Aladakatti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghosesawar, Mg" uniqKey="Ghosesawar M">MG Ghosesawar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Allan, P" uniqKey="Allan P">P Allan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bilkei, G" uniqKey="Bilkei G">G Bilkei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="El Ashmawy, Im" uniqKey="El Ashmawy I">IM El-Ashmawy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saleh, A" uniqKey="Saleh A">A Saleh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salama, Om" uniqKey="Salama O">OM Salama</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="East, J" uniqKey="East J">J EAST</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conway, Ga" uniqKey="Conway G">GA Conway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Slocumb, Jc" uniqKey="Slocumb J">JC Slocumb</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez Pajares, Jl" uniqKey="Gutierrez Pajares J">JL Gutiérrez-Pajares</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zu Iga, L" uniqKey="Zu Iga L">L Zúñiga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pino, J" uniqKey="Pino J">J Pino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Freitas, Tg" uniqKey="De Freitas T">TG De Freitas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Augusto, Pm" uniqKey="Augusto P">PM Augusto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montanari, T" uniqKey="Montanari T">T Montanari</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khouri, Na" uniqKey="Khouri N">NA Khouri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Akawi, Z" uniqKey="El Akawi Z">Z EL-Akawi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dhawan, K" uniqKey="Dhawan K">K Dhawan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S Kumar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharma, A" uniqKey="Sharma A">A Sharma</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dhawan, K" uniqKey="Dhawan K">K Dhawan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S Kumar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharma, A" uniqKey="Sharma A">A Sharma</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dhawan, K" uniqKey="Dhawan K">K Dhawan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharma, A" uniqKey="Sharma A">A Sharma</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tabach, R" uniqKey="Tabach R">R Tabach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, E" uniqKey="Rodrigues E">E Rodrigues</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carlini, Ea" uniqKey="Carlini E">EA Carlini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tajuddin, A" uniqKey="Tajuddin A">A Tajuddin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahmad, S" uniqKey="Ahmad S">S Ahmad</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Latif, A" uniqKey="Latif A">A Latif</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qasmi, Ia" uniqKey="Qasmi I">IA Qasmi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mello, Fb" uniqKey="Mello F">FB Mello</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobus, D" uniqKey="Jacobus D">D Jacobus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carvalho, K" uniqKey="Carvalho K">K Carvalho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mello, Jrb" uniqKey="Mello J">JRB Mello</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Mello, Fb" uniqKey="De Mello F">FB De Mello</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobus, D" uniqKey="Jacobus D">D Jacobus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cristina, K" uniqKey="Cristina K">K Cristina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Carvalho, S" uniqKey="De Carvalho S">S De Carvalho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Mello, Jrb" uniqKey="De Mello J">JRB De Mello</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Verma, Op" uniqKey="Verma O">OP Verma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S Kumar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chatterjee, Sn" uniqKey="Chatterjee S">SN Chatterjee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shobeiri, Sf" uniqKey="Shobeiri S">SF Shobeiri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharei, S" uniqKey="Sharei S">S Sharei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heidari, A" uniqKey="Heidari A">A Heidari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kianbakht, S" uniqKey="Kianbakht S">S Kianbakht</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Zwaan, C" uniqKey="De Zwaan C">C De Zwaan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daemen, Mjap" uniqKey="Daemen M">MJAP Daemen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hermens, Wt" uniqKey="Hermens W">WT Hermens</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kreider, Rb" uniqKey="Kreider R">RB Kreider</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilborn, Cd" uniqKey="Wilborn C">CD Wilborn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, L" uniqKey="Taylor L">L Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Neel, Jv" uniqKey="Neel J">JV Neel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salzano, Fm" uniqKey="Salzano F">FM Salzano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Unqueira, Pc" uniqKey="Unqueira P">PC Unqueira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Keiter, F" uniqKey="Keiter F">F Keiter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maybury Lewis, D" uniqKey="Maybury Lewis D">D Maybury-Lewis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Botsaris, As" uniqKey="Botsaris A">AS Botsaris</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abrahams, Dg" uniqKey="Abrahams D">DG Abrahams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cockshott, Wp" uniqKey="Cockshott W">WP Cockshott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murthy, Msn" uniqKey="Murthy M">MSN Murthy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kramsch, Dm" uniqKey="Kramsch D">DM Kramsch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franzblau, C" uniqKey="Franzblau C">C Franzblau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hollander, W" uniqKey="Hollander W">W Hollander</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levene, Ci" uniqKey="Levene C">CI Levene</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ali, V" uniqKey="Ali V">V Ali</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nozaki, T" uniqKey="Nozaki T">T Nozaki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lev, E" uniqKey="Lev E">E Lev</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Block, G" uniqKey="Block G">G Block</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jensen, Cd" uniqKey="Jensen C">CD Jensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Norkus, Ep" uniqKey="Norkus E">EP Norkus</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ganji, V" uniqKey="Ganji V">V Ganji</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuo, J" uniqKey="Kuo J">J Kuo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raymond, Tl" uniqKey="Raymond T">TL Raymond</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Connor, We" uniqKey="Connor W">WE Connor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Ds" uniqKey="Lin D">DS Lin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fukazawa, I" uniqKey="Fukazawa I">I Fukazawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uchida, N" uniqKey="Uchida N">N Uchida</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uchida, E" uniqKey="Uchida E">E Uchida</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yasuhara, H" uniqKey="Yasuhara H">H Yasuhara</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carlier, C" uniqKey="Carlier C">C Carlier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Etchepare, M" uniqKey="Etchepare M">M Etchepare</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ceccon, J F" uniqKey="Ceccon J">J-F Ceccon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mourey, M S" uniqKey="Mourey M">M-S Mourey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amedee Manesme, O" uniqKey="Amedee Manesme O">O Amedee-Manesme</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garrido, G" uniqKey="Garrido G">G Garrido</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delgado, R" uniqKey="Delgado R">R Delgado</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lemus, Y" uniqKey="Lemus Y">Y Lemus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, J" uniqKey="Rodriguez J">J Rodríguez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, D" uniqKey="Garcia D">D García</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nu Ez Selles, Aj" uniqKey="Nu Ez Selles A">AJ Núñez-Sellés</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leiro, J" uniqKey="Leiro J">J Leiro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, D" uniqKey="Garcia D">D García</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arranz, Ja" uniqKey="Arranz J">JA Arranz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delgado, R" uniqKey="Delgado R">R Delgado</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanmartin, Ml" uniqKey="Sanmartin M">ML Sanmartín</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Orallo, F" uniqKey="Orallo F">F Orallo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farinacci, M" uniqKey="Farinacci M">M Farinacci</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Colitti, M" uniqKey="Colitti M">M Colitti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sgorlon, S" uniqKey="Sgorlon S">S Sgorlon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stefanon, B" uniqKey="Stefanon B">B Stefanon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yueqin, Z" uniqKey="Yueqin Z">Z Yueqin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Recio, Mc" uniqKey="Recio M">MC Recio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma Ez, S" uniqKey="Ma Ez S">S Máñez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giner, Rm" uniqKey="Giner R">RM Giner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cerda Nicolas, M" uniqKey="Cerda Nicolas M">M Cerdá-Nicolás</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rios, J L" uniqKey="Rios J">J-L Rios</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sreenivasan, Y" uniqKey="Sreenivasan Y">Y Sreenivasan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarkar, A" uniqKey="Sarkar A">A Sarkar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Manna, Sk" uniqKey="Manna S">SK Manna</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rinaldi, S" uniqKey="Rinaldi S">S Rinaldi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Do" uniqKey="Silva D">DO Silva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bello, F" uniqKey="Bello F">F Bello</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giner Larza, Em" uniqKey="Giner Larza E">EM Giner-Larza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma Ez, S" uniqKey="Ma Ez S">S Máñez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giner Pons, Rm" uniqKey="Giner Pons R">RM Giner-Pons</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carmen Recio, M" uniqKey="Carmen Recio M">M Carmen Recio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rios, J L" uniqKey="Rios J">J-L Ríos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Prieto, Jm" uniqKey="Prieto J">JM Prieto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Recio, Mc" uniqKey="Recio M">MC Recio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giner, Rm" uniqKey="Giner R">RM Giner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma Ez, S" uniqKey="Ma Ez S">S Máñez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giner Larza, Em" uniqKey="Giner Larza E">EM Giner-Larza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rios, Jl" uniqKey="Rios J">JL Ríos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, T J" uniqKey="Li T">T-J Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qiu, Y" uniqKey="Qiu Y">Y Qiu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mao, J Q" uniqKey="Mao J">J-Q Mao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, P Y" uniqKey="Yang P">P-Y Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rui, Y C" uniqKey="Rui Y">Y-C Rui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, W S" uniqKey="Chen W">W-S Chen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lin, Z" uniqKey="Lin Z">Z Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, D" uniqKey="Zhu D">D Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, Y" uniqKey="Yan Y">Y Yan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, B" uniqKey="Yu B">B Yu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benedek, B" uniqKey="Benedek B">B Benedek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kopp, B" uniqKey="Kopp B">B Kopp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nemeth, E" uniqKey="Nemeth E">E Nemeth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bernath, J" uniqKey="Bernath J">J Bernath</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cifuente, Da" uniqKey="Cifuente D">DA Cifuente</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simirgiotis, Mj" uniqKey="Simirgiotis M">MJ Simirgiotis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silvina Favier, L" uniqKey="Silvina Favier L">L Silvina Favier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rotelli, Ae" uniqKey="Rotelli A">AE Rotelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pelzer, Le" uniqKey="Pelzer L">LE Pelzer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paul, El" uniqKey="Paul E">EL Paul</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lunardelli, A" uniqKey="Lunardelli A">A Lunardelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caberlon, E" uniqKey="Caberlon E">E Caberlon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Rlc" uniqKey="Pereira R">RLC Pereira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ibrahim, T" uniqKey="Ibrahim T">T Ibrahim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucchetti, L" uniqKey="Lucchetti L">L Lucchetti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Da Silva, Ajr" uniqKey="Da Silva A">AJR Da Silva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Moraes, Vlg" uniqKey="De Moraes V">VLG De Moraes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Cl T" uniqKey="Chang C">CL-T Chang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuo, H K" uniqKey="Kuo H">H-K Kuo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, S L" uniqKey="Chang S">S-L Chang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yoshida, N" uniqKey="Yoshida N">N Yoshida</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kanekura, T" uniqKey="Kanekura T">T Kanekura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Higashi, Y" uniqKey="Higashi Y">Y Higashi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kanzaki, T" uniqKey="Kanzaki T">T Kanzaki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clavin, Ml" uniqKey="Clavin M">ML Clavin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gorzalczany, S" uniqKey="Gorzalczany S">S Gorzalczany</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mi O, J" uniqKey="Mi O J">J Miño</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Habtemariam, S" uniqKey="Habtemariam S">S Habtemariam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Habtemariam, S" uniqKey="Habtemariam S">S Habtemariam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muschietti, L" uniqKey="Muschietti L">L Muschietti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gorzalczany, S" uniqKey="Gorzalczany S">S Gorzalczany</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferraro, G" uniqKey="Ferraro G">G Ferraro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Acevedo, C" uniqKey="Acevedo C">C Acevedo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martino, V" uniqKey="Martino V">V Martino</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chomnawang, Mt" uniqKey="Chomnawang M">MT Chomnawang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Surassmo, S" uniqKey="Surassmo S">S Surassmo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nukoolkarn, Vs" uniqKey="Nukoolkarn V">VS Nukoolkarn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gritsanapan, W" uniqKey="Gritsanapan W">W Gritsanapan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ganzera, M" uniqKey="Ganzera M">M Ganzera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schneider, P" uniqKey="Schneider P">P Schneider</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stuppner, H" uniqKey="Stuppner H">H Stuppner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kasahara, Y" uniqKey="Kasahara Y">Y Kasahara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yasukawa, K" uniqKey="Yasukawa K">K Yasukawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kitanaka, S" uniqKey="Kitanaka S">S Kitanaka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taufiq Khan, M" uniqKey="Taufiq Khan M">M Taufiq Khan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Evans, Fj" uniqKey="Evans F">FJ Evans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kashiwada, Y" uniqKey="Kashiwada Y">Y Kashiwada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takanaka, K" uniqKey="Takanaka K">K Takanaka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsukada, H" uniqKey="Tsukada H">H Tsukada</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Su, P F" uniqKey="Su P">P-F Su</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Staniforth, V" uniqKey="Staniforth V">V Staniforth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, C J" uniqKey="Li C">C-J Li</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hiransai, P" uniqKey="Hiransai P">P Hiransai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ratanachaiyavong, S" uniqKey="Ratanachaiyavong S">S Ratanachaiyavong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Itharat, A" uniqKey="Itharat A">A Itharat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graidist, P" uniqKey="Graidist P">P Graidist</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruengrairatanaroj, P" uniqKey="Ruengrairatanaroj P">P Ruengrairatanaroj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Purintrapiban, J" uniqKey="Purintrapiban J">J Purintrapiban</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, B" uniqKey="Zhang B">B Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, X L" uniqKey="He X">X-L He</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ding, Y" uniqKey="Ding Y">Y Ding</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, G H" uniqKey="Du G">G-H Du</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adeyemi, Oo" uniqKey="Adeyemi O">OO Adeyemi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yemitan, Ok" uniqKey="Yemitan O">OK Yemitan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Afolabi, L" uniqKey="Afolabi L">L Afolabi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hirko, Ac" uniqKey="Hirko A">AC Hirko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dallasen, R" uniqKey="Dallasen R">R Dallasen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jomura, S" uniqKey="Jomura S">S Jomura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Y" uniqKey="Xu Y">Y Xu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lomash, V" uniqKey="Lomash V">V Lomash</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parihar, Sk" uniqKey="Parihar S">SK Parihar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jain, Nk" uniqKey="Jain N">NK Jain</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Katiyar, Ak" uniqKey="Katiyar A">AK Katiyar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kawano, M" uniqKey="Kawano M">M Kawano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otsuka, M" uniqKey="Otsuka M">M Otsuka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Umeyama, K" uniqKey="Umeyama K">K Umeyama</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shukla, S" uniqKey="Shukla S">S Shukla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mehta, A" uniqKey="Mehta A">A Mehta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mehta, P" uniqKey="Mehta P">P Mehta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vyas, Sp" uniqKey="Vyas S">SP Vyas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shukla, S" uniqKey="Shukla S">S Shukla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bajpai, Vk" uniqKey="Bajpai V">VK Bajpai</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mbagwu, Ho" uniqKey="Mbagwu H">HO Mbagwu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anene, Ra" uniqKey="Anene R">RA Anene</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adeyemi, Oo" uniqKey="Adeyemi O">OO Adeyemi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lai, S C" uniqKey="Lai S">S-C Lai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peng, W H" uniqKey="Peng W">W-H Peng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, S C" uniqKey="Huang S">S-C Huang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Souza Pinto, Jc" uniqKey="Souza Pinto J">JC Souza-Pinto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oliva, Mlv" uniqKey="Oliva M">MLV Oliva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampaio, Cam" uniqKey="Sampaio C">CAM Sampaio</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krenn, L" uniqKey="Krenn L">L Krenn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paper, Dh" uniqKey="Paper D">DH Paper</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carrasco, Fr" uniqKey="Carrasco F">FR Carrasco</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, G" uniqKey="Schmidt G">G Schmidt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Romero, Al" uniqKey="Romero A">AL Romero</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fichna, J" uniqKey="Fichna J">J Fichna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schicho, R" uniqKey="Schicho R">R Schicho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andrews, Cn" uniqKey="Andrews C">CN Andrews</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jung, H J" uniqKey="Jung H">H-J Jung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, Ys" uniqKey="Song Y">YS Song</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, C J" uniqKey="Lim C">C-J Lim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, E H" uniqKey="Park E">E-H Park</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Uslu, C" uniqKey="Uslu C">C Uslu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karasen, Rm" uniqKey="Karasen R">RM Karasen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sahin, F" uniqKey="Sahin F">F Sahin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taysi, S" uniqKey="Taysi S">S Taysi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Akcay, F" uniqKey="Akcay F">F Akcay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Backhouse, N" uniqKey="Backhouse N">N Backhouse</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosales, L" uniqKey="Rosales L">L Rosales</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Apablaza, C" uniqKey="Apablaza C">C Apablaza</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Yj" uniqKey="Lee Y">YJ Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kang, Dg" uniqKey="Kang D">DG Kang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Js" uniqKey="Kim J">JS Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Hs" uniqKey="Lee H">HS Lee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chiang, L C" uniqKey="Chiang L">L-C Chiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, Lt" uniqKey="Ng L">LT Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiang, W" uniqKey="Chiang W">W Chiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, M Y" uniqKey="Chang M">M-Y Chang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, C C" uniqKey="Lin C">C-C Lin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sindhu, G" uniqKey="Sindhu G">G Sindhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ratheesh, M" uniqKey="Ratheesh M">M Ratheesh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shyni, Gl" uniqKey="Shyni G">GL Shyni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Helen, A" uniqKey="Helen A">A Helen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Manna, Sk" uniqKey="Manna S">SK Manna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bueso Ramos, C" uniqKey="Bueso Ramos C">C Bueso-Ramos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alvarado, F" uniqKey="Alvarado F">F Alvarado</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aggarwal, Bb" uniqKey="Aggarwal B">BB Aggarwal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zwart, E" uniqKey="Zwart E">E Zwart</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Steeg, H" uniqKey="Van Steeg H">H Van Steeg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, S" uniqKey="Gonzalez S">S Gonzalez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kishore, R" uniqKey="Kishore R">R Kishore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goukassian, Da" uniqKey="Goukassian D">DA Goukassian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sandoval Chac N, M" uniqKey="Sandoval Chac N M">M Sandoval-Chacón</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thompson, Jh" uniqKey="Thompson J">JH Thompson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, X J" uniqKey="Zhang X">X-J Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Calvo, Mi" uniqKey="Calvo M">MI Calvo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Speroni, E" uniqKey="Speroni E">E Speroni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cervellati, R" uniqKey="Cervellati R">R Cervellati</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Costa, S" uniqKey="Costa S">S Costa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sood, S" uniqKey="Sood S">S Sood</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arora, B" uniqKey="Arora B">B Arora</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bansal, S" uniqKey="Bansal S">S Bansal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oben, J" uniqKey="Oben J">J Oben</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Enonchong, E" uniqKey="Enonchong E">E Enonchong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kothari, S" uniqKey="Kothari S">S Kothari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chambliss, W" uniqKey="Chambliss W">W Chambliss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garrison, R" uniqKey="Garrison R">R Garrison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dolnick, D" uniqKey="Dolnick D">D Dolnick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yoshino, K" uniqKey="Yoshino K">K Yoshino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Higashi, N" uniqKey="Higashi N">N Higashi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koga, K" uniqKey="Koga K">K Koga</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vafeiadou, K" uniqKey="Vafeiadou K">K Vafeiadou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vauzour, D" uniqKey="Vauzour D">D Vauzour</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Hy" uniqKey="Lee H">HY Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Mateos, A" uniqKey="Rodriguez Mateos A">A Rodriguez-Mateos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williams, Rj" uniqKey="Williams R">RJ Williams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spencer, Jpe" uniqKey="Spencer J">JPE Spencer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ghanim, H" uniqKey="Ghanim H">H Ghanim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sia, Cl" uniqKey="Sia C">CL Sia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Upadhyay, M" uniqKey="Upadhyay M">M Upadhyay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koo, H J" uniqKey="Koo H">H-J Koo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, K H" uniqKey="Lim K">K-H Lim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jung, H J" uniqKey="Jung H">H-J Jung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, E H" uniqKey="Park E">E-H Park</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oh, P S" uniqKey="Oh P">P-S Oh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, K T" uniqKey="Lim K">K-T Lim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jiang, J" uniqKey="Jiang J">J Jiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Q" uniqKey="Xu Q">Q Xu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Calixto, Jb" uniqKey="Calixto J">JB Calixto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, Ar" uniqKey="Santos A">AR Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cechinel Filho, V" uniqKey="Cechinel Filho V">V Cechinel Filho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yunes, Ra" uniqKey="Yunes R">RA Yunes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Man, M Q" uniqKey="Man M">M-Q Man</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Y" uniqKey="Shi Y">Y Shi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Man, M" uniqKey="Man M">M Man</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vargas, Aj" uniqKey="Vargas A">AJ Vargas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geremias, Ds" uniqKey="Geremias D">DS Geremias</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Provensi, G" uniqKey="Provensi G">G Provensi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="El Kamali, Hh" uniqKey="El Kamali H">HH El-Kamali</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Khalifa, Kf" uniqKey="El Khalifa K">KF El-Khalifa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Milliken, W" uniqKey="Milliken W">W Milliken</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Connelly, Mpe" uniqKey="Connelly M">MPE Connelly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fabiano, E" uniqKey="Fabiano E">E Fabiano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, Ih" uniqKey="Patel I">IH Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kinyanjui, Sm" uniqKey="Kinyanjui S">SM Kinyanjui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mberu, Ek" uniqKey="Mberu E">EK Mberu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watkins, Wm" uniqKey="Watkins W">WM Watkins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gbile, Zo" uniqKey="Gbile Z">ZO Gbile</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Minakawa, N" uniqKey="Minakawa N">N Minakawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sonye, G" uniqKey="Sonye G">G Sonye</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mogi, M" uniqKey="Mogi M">M Mogi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Githeko, A" uniqKey="Githeko A">A Githeko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, G" uniqKey="Yan G">G Yan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hay, Si" uniqKey="Hay S">SI Hay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Were, Ec" uniqKey="Were E">EC Were</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Renshaw, M" uniqKey="Renshaw M">M Renshaw</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kvist, Lp" uniqKey="Kvist L">LP Kvist</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Christensen, Sb" uniqKey="Christensen S">SB Christensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Hb" uniqKey="Rasmussen H">HB Rasmussen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mejia, K" uniqKey="Mejia K">K Mejia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, A" uniqKey="Gonzalez A">A Gonzalez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roumy, V" uniqKey="Roumy V">V Roumy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Pizango, G" uniqKey="Garcia Pizango G">G Garcia-Pizango</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gutierrez Choquevilca, A L" uniqKey="Gutierrez Choquevilca A">A-L Gutierrez-Choquevilca</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lans, C" uniqKey="Lans C">C Lans</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harper, T" uniqKey="Harper T">T Harper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Georges, K" uniqKey="Georges K">K Georges</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bridgewater, E" uniqKey="Bridgewater E">E Bridgewater</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stowers, Aw" uniqKey="Stowers A">AW Stowers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, L H" uniqKey="Chen L">L-H Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bletter, N" uniqKey="Bletter N">N Bletter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Knols, Bgj" uniqKey="Knols B">BGJ Knols</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Njiru, Bn" uniqKey="Njiru B">BN Njiru</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mathenge, Em" uniqKey="Mathenge E">EM Mathenge</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mukabana, Wr" uniqKey="Mukabana W">WR Mukabana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beier, Jc" uniqKey="Beier J">JC Beier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Killeen, Gf" uniqKey="Killeen G">GF Killeen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilbreath, Gg" uniqKey="Gilbreath G">GG Gilbreath</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Solio, J" uniqKey="Solio J">J Solio</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kayode, J" uniqKey="Kayode J">J Kayode</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lacuna Richman, C" uniqKey="Lacuna Richman C">C Lacuna-Richman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rajkumar, S" uniqKey="Rajkumar S">S Rajkumar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jebanesan, A" uniqKey="Jebanesan A">A Jebanesan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Makundi, Ea" uniqKey="Makundi E">EA Makundi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malebo, Hm" uniqKey="Malebo H">HM Malebo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mhame, P" uniqKey="Mhame P">P Mhame</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kitua, Ay" uniqKey="Kitua A">AY Kitua</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warsame, M" uniqKey="Warsame M">M Warsame</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Njoroge, Gn" uniqKey="Njoroge G">GN Njoroge</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sajem, Al" uniqKey="Sajem A">AL Sajem</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gosai, K" uniqKey="Gosai K">K Gosai</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teklehaymanot, T" uniqKey="Teklehaymanot T">T Teklehaymanot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giday, M" uniqKey="Giday M">M Giday</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nanyingi, Mo" uniqKey="Nanyingi M">MO Nanyingi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mbaria, Jm" uniqKey="Mbaria J">JM Mbaria</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lanyasunya, Al" uniqKey="Lanyasunya A">AL Lanyasunya</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vandebroek, I" uniqKey="Vandebroek I">I Vandebroek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, E" uniqKey="Thomas E">E Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanca, S" uniqKey="Sanca S">S Sanca</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Damme, P" uniqKey="Van Damme P">P Van Damme</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van, Lv" uniqKey="Van L">LV Van</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Kimpe, N" uniqKey="De Kimpe N">N De Kimpe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gazzaneo, Lrs" uniqKey="Gazzaneo L">LRS Gazzaneo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paiva De Lucena, Rf" uniqKey="Paiva De Lucena R">RF Paiva de Lucena</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Albuquerque, Up" uniqKey="De Albuquerque U">UP de Albuquerque</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ishihara, K" uniqKey="Ishihara K">K Ishihara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamagishi, N" uniqKey="Yamagishi N">N Yamagishi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saito, Y" uniqKey="Saito Y">Y Saito</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takasaki, M" uniqKey="Takasaki M">M Takasaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Konoshima, T" uniqKey="Konoshima T">T Konoshima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hatayama, T" uniqKey="Hatayama T">T Hatayama</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, M W" uniqKey="Wang M">M-W Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hao, X" uniqKey="Hao X">X Hao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, K" uniqKey="Chen K">K Chen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hays, Np" uniqKey="Hays N">NP Hays</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Galassetti, Pr" uniqKey="Galassetti P">PR Galassetti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coker, Rh" uniqKey="Coker R">RH Coker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Lm" uniqKey="Johnson L">LM Johnson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bhattarai, S" uniqKey="Bhattarai S">S Bhattarai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chaudhary, Rp" uniqKey="Chaudhary R">RP Chaudhary</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Rsl" uniqKey="Taylor R">RSL Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kala, Cp" uniqKey="Kala C">CP Kala</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dhyani, Pp" uniqKey="Dhyani P">PP Dhyani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sajwan, Bs" uniqKey="Sajwan B">BS Sajwan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Said, O" uniqKey="Said O">O Said</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fulder, S" uniqKey="Fulder S">S Fulder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khalil, K" uniqKey="Khalil K">K Khalil</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Azaizeh, H" uniqKey="Azaizeh H">H Azaizeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kassis, E" uniqKey="Kassis E">E Kassis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saad, B" uniqKey="Saad B">B Saad</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Linde, K" uniqKey="Linde K">K Linde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ter Riet, G" uniqKey="Ter Riet G">G ter Riet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hondras, M" uniqKey="Hondras M">M Hondras</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vickers, A" uniqKey="Vickers A">A Vickers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saller, R" uniqKey="Saller R">R Saller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Melchart, D" uniqKey="Melchart D">D Melchart</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cummings, Jh" uniqKey="Cummings J">JH Cummings</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aguiyi, Jc" uniqKey="Aguiyi J">JC Aguiyi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Obi, Ci" uniqKey="Obi C">CI Obi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gang, Ss" uniqKey="Gang S">SS Gang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Igweh, Ac" uniqKey="Igweh A">AC Igweh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Egesie, Ug" uniqKey="Egesie U">UG Egesie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adelaiye, Ab" uniqKey="Adelaiye A">AB Adelaiye</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ibu, Jo" uniqKey="Ibu J">JO Ibu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Egesie, Oj" uniqKey="Egesie O">OJ Egesie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jaiyesimi, Aea" uniqKey="Jaiyesimi A">AEA Jaiyesimi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adeyemi, Aa" uniqKey="Adeyemi A">AA Adeyemi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oderinde, O" uniqKey="Oderinde O">O Oderinde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ali, H" uniqKey="Ali H">H Ali</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Houghton, Pj" uniqKey="Houghton P">PJ Houghton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soumyanath, A" uniqKey="Soumyanath A">A Soumyanath</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ogunleye, Ds" uniqKey="Ogunleye D">DS Ogunleye</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adeyemi, Aa" uniqKey="Adeyemi A">AA Adeyemi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanni, Am" uniqKey="Sanni A">AM Sanni</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ojewole, Jao" uniqKey="Ojewole J">JAO Ojewole</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adewunmi, Co" uniqKey="Adewunmi C">CO Adewunmi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ojewole, Jao" uniqKey="Ojewole J">JAO Ojewole</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Capen, Cc" uniqKey="Capen C">CC Capen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cano, Jh" uniqKey="Cano J">JH Cano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Volpato, G" uniqKey="Volpato G">G Volpato</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vandebroek, I" uniqKey="Vandebroek I">I Vandebroek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balick, Mj" uniqKey="Balick M">MJ Balick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ososki, A" uniqKey="Ososki A">A Ososki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perumal Samy, R" uniqKey="Perumal Samy R">R Perumal Samy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ignacimuthu, S" uniqKey="Ignacimuthu S">S Ignacimuthu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="D Gostino, M" uniqKey="D Gostino M">M D’Agostino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Simone, F" uniqKey="De Simone F">F De Simone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Tommasi, N" uniqKey="De Tommasi N">N De Tommasi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pizza, C" uniqKey="Pizza C">C Pizza</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="D Gostino, M" uniqKey="D Gostino M">M D’Agostino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pizza, C" uniqKey="Pizza C">C Pizza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Simone, F" uniqKey="De Simone F">F De Simone</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okuyama, E" uniqKey="Okuyama E">E Okuyama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Umeyama, K" uniqKey="Umeyama K">K Umeyama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ohmori, S" uniqKey="Ohmori S">S Ohmori</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamazaki, M" uniqKey="Yamazaki M">M Yamazaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Satake, M" uniqKey="Satake M">M Satake</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, J" uniqKey="Rodriguez J">J Rodriguez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pacheco, P" uniqKey="Pacheco P">P Pacheco</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Razmilic, I" uniqKey="Razmilic I">I Razmilic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loyola, Ji" uniqKey="Loyola J">JI Loyola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmeda Hirschmann, G" uniqKey="Schmeda Hirschmann G">G Schmeda-Hirschmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Theoduloz, C" uniqKey="Theoduloz C">C Theoduloz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Umana, E" uniqKey="Umana E">E Umana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castro, O" uniqKey="Castro O">O Castro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bastos, Mla" uniqKey="Bastos M">MLA Bastos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lima, Mrf" uniqKey="Lima M">MRF Lima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conserva, Lm" uniqKey="Conserva L">LM Conserva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andrade, Vs" uniqKey="Andrade V">VS Andrade</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rocha, Emm" uniqKey="Rocha E">EMM Rocha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lemos, Rpl" uniqKey="Lemos R">RPL Lemos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jimenez, G" uniqKey="Jimenez G">G Jiménez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hasegawa, M" uniqKey="Hasegawa M">M Hasegawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, M" uniqKey="Rodriguez M">M Rodríguez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Melendez, Pa" uniqKey="Melendez P">PA Meléndez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capriles, Va" uniqKey="Capriles V">VA Capriles</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zampini, Ic" uniqKey="Zampini I">IC Zampini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cuello, S" uniqKey="Cuello S">S Cuello</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alberto, Mr" uniqKey="Alberto M">MR Alberto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kirira, Pg" uniqKey="Kirira P">PG Kirira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rukunga, Gm" uniqKey="Rukunga G">GM Rukunga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wanyonyi, Aw" uniqKey="Wanyonyi A">AW Wanyonyi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kloucek, P" uniqKey="Kloucek P">P Kloucek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Svobodova, B" uniqKey="Svobodova B">B Svobodova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Polesny, Z" uniqKey="Polesny Z">Z Polesny</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langrova, I" uniqKey="Langrova I">I Langrova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smrcek, S" uniqKey="Smrcek S">S Smrcek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kokoska, L" uniqKey="Kokoska L">L Kokoska</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nascimento, Ggf" uniqKey="Nascimento G">GGF Nascimento</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Locatelli, J" uniqKey="Locatelli J">J Locatelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freitas, Pc" uniqKey="Freitas P">PC Freitas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Gl" uniqKey="Silva G">GL Silva</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Villegas, Lf" uniqKey="Villegas L">LF Villegas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernandez, Id" uniqKey="Fernandez I">ID Fernández</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maldonado, H" uniqKey="Maldonado H">H Maldonado</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Neto, Cc" uniqKey="Neto C">CC Neto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Owens, Cw" uniqKey="Owens C">CW Owens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langfield, Rd" uniqKey="Langfield R">RD Langfield</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Kk" uniqKey="Lee K">KK Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, B N" uniqKey="Zhou B">B-N Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kingston, Dgi" uniqKey="Kingston D">DGI Kingston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaisberg, Aj" uniqKey="Vaisberg A">AJ Vaisberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hammond, Gb" uniqKey="Hammond G">GB Hammond</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bustos, Da" uniqKey="Bustos D">DA Bustos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tapia, Aa" uniqKey="Tapia A">AA Tapia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feresin, Ge" uniqKey="Feresin G">GE Feresin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ariza Espinar, L" uniqKey="Ariza Espinar L">L Ariza Espinar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taha, A" uniqKey="Taha A">A Taha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alsayed, H" uniqKey="Alsayed H">H Alsayed</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Costa Lotufo, Lv" uniqKey="Costa Lotufo L">LV Costa-Lotufo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khan, Mth" uniqKey="Khan M">MTH Khan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ather, A" uniqKey="Ather A">A Ather</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hammer, Mla" uniqKey="Hammer M">MLA Hammer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johns, Ea" uniqKey="Johns E">EA Johns</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Santos Pimenta, Lp" uniqKey="Santos Pimenta L">LP Santos Pimenta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pinto, Gb" uniqKey="Pinto G">GB Pinto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takahashi, Ja" uniqKey="Takahashi J">JA Takahashi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Lgfe" uniqKey="Silva L">LGFE Silva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boaventura, Mad" uniqKey="Boaventura M">MAD Boaventura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mccutcheon, Ar" uniqKey="Mccutcheon A">AR McCutcheon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ellis, Sm" uniqKey="Ellis S">SM Ellis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hancock, Rew" uniqKey="Hancock R">REW Hancock</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Towers, Ghn" uniqKey="Towers G">GHN Towers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cuadra, P" uniqKey="Cuadra P">P Cuadra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Furrianca, M" uniqKey="Furrianca M">M Furrianca</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oyarzun, A" uniqKey="Oyarzun A">A Oyarzún</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ya Ez, E" uniqKey="Ya Ez E">E Yáñez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gallardo, A" uniqKey="Gallardo A">A Gallardo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fajardo, V" uniqKey="Fajardo V">V Fajardo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Duffy, Cf" uniqKey="Duffy C">CF Duffy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Power, Rf" uniqKey="Power R">RF Power</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Mj" uniqKey="Martinez M">MJ Martínez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Betancourt, J" uniqKey="Betancourt J">J Betancourt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alonso Gonzalez, N" uniqKey="Alonso Gonzalez N">N Alonso-González</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jauregui, A" uniqKey="Jauregui A">A Jauregui</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lagarto Parra, A" uniqKey="Lagarto Parra A">A Lagarto Parra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva Yhebra, R" uniqKey="Silva Yhebra R">R Silva Yhebra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guerra Sardi As, I" uniqKey="Guerra Sardi As I">I Guerra Sardiñas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iglesias Buela, L" uniqKey="Iglesias Buela L">L Iglesias Buela</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guerrero, Ro" uniqKey="Guerrero R">RO Guerrero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivera, Sm" uniqKey="Rivera S">SM Rivera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivera, S" uniqKey="Rivera S">S Rivera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sueiro, La" uniqKey="Sueiro L">LA Sueiro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caceres, A" uniqKey="Caceres A">A Caceres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Figueroa, L" uniqKey="Figueroa L">L Figueroa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taracena, Am" uniqKey="Taracena A">AM Taracena</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samayoa, B" uniqKey="Samayoa B">B Samayoa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caceres, A" uniqKey="Caceres A">A Cáceres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="L Pez, B" uniqKey="L Pez B">B López</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, S" uniqKey="Gonzalez S">S González</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berger, I" uniqKey="Berger I">I Berger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tada, I" uniqKey="Tada I">I Tada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maki, J" uniqKey="Maki J">J Maki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caceres, A" uniqKey="Caceres A">A Cáceres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="L Pez, B" uniqKey="L Pez B">B López</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Juarez, X" uniqKey="Juarez X">X Juárez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Del Aguila, J" uniqKey="Del Aguila J">J Del Aguila</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, S" uniqKey="Garcia S">S García</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lentz, Dl" uniqKey="Lentz D">DL Lentz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clark, Am" uniqKey="Clark A">AM Clark</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hufford, Cd" uniqKey="Hufford C">CD Hufford</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Padmaja, R" uniqKey="Padmaja R">R Padmaja</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arun, Pc" uniqKey="Arun P">PC Arun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prashanth, D" uniqKey="Prashanth D">D Prashanth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deepak, M" uniqKey="Deepak M">M Deepak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amit, A" uniqKey="Amit A">A Amit</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anjana, M" uniqKey="Anjana M">M Anjana</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wanyoike, Gn" uniqKey="Wanyoike G">GN Wanyoike</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chhabra, Sc" uniqKey="Chhabra S">SC Chhabra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lang T Thoruwa, Cc" uniqKey="Lang T Thoruwa C">CC Lang’at-Thoruwa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Omar, Sa" uniqKey="Omar S">SA Omar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Medina, A" uniqKey="Sanchez Medina A">A Sánchez-Medina</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Sosa, K" uniqKey="Garcia Sosa K">K García-Sosa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="May Pat, F" uniqKey="May Pat F">F May-Pat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pe A Rodriguez, Lm" uniqKey="Pe A Rodriguez L">LM Peña-Rodríguez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coe, Fg" uniqKey="Coe F">FG Coe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parikh, Dm" uniqKey="Parikh D">DM Parikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Ca" uniqKey="Johnson C">CA Johnson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ajaiyeoba, Eo" uniqKey="Ajaiyeoba E">EO Ajaiyeoba</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abiodun, Oo" uniqKey="Abiodun O">OO Abiodun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Falade, Mo" uniqKey="Falade M">MO Falade</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, C" uniqKey="Sanchez C">C Sánchez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, M" uniqKey="Gupta M">M Gupta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasquez, M" uniqKey="Vasquez M">M Vásquez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Noriega, Ym" uniqKey="De Noriega Y">YM de Noriega</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montenegro, G" uniqKey="Montenegro G">G Montenegro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nick, A" uniqKey="Nick A">A Nick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rali, T" uniqKey="Rali T">T Rali</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sticher, O" uniqKey="Sticher O">O Sticher</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Horgen, Fd" uniqKey="Horgen F">FD Horgen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edrada, Ra" uniqKey="Edrada R">RA Edrada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Los Reyes, G" uniqKey="De Los Reyes G">G De Los Reyes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, A" uniqKey="Gonzalez A">A Gonzalez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferreira, F" uniqKey="Ferreira F">F Ferreira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vazquez, A" uniqKey="Vazquez A">A Vazquez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moyna, P" uniqKey="Moyna P">P Moyna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alonso Paz, E" uniqKey="Alonso Paz E">E Alonso Paz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turker, Au" uniqKey="Turker A">AU Turker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Camper, Nd" uniqKey="Camper N">ND Camper</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Badisa, Rb" uniqKey="Badisa R">RB Badisa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Badisa, Vld" uniqKey="Badisa V">VLD Badisa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walker, Eh" uniqKey="Walker E">EH Walker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Latinwo, Lm" uniqKey="Latinwo L">LM Latinwo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Slambrouck, S" uniqKey="Van Slambrouck S">S Van Slambrouck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daniels, Al" uniqKey="Daniels A">AL Daniels</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hooten, Cj" uniqKey="Hooten C">CJ Hooten</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Bn" uniqKey="Meyer B">BN Meyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferrigni, Nr" uniqKey="Ferrigni N">NR Ferrigni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Putnam, Je" uniqKey="Putnam J">JE Putnam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, Jl" uniqKey="Mclaughlin J">JL McLaughlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, Cj" uniqKey="Chang C">CJ Chang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Dl" uniqKey="Smith D">DL Smith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cepleanu, F" uniqKey="Cepleanu F">F Cepleanu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamburger, Mo" uniqKey="Hamburger M">MO Hamburger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sordat, B" uniqKey="Sordat B">B Sordat</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Alcedo, A" uniqKey="De Alcedo A">A de Alcedo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharon, D" uniqKey="Sharon D">D Sharon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Downer, Cc" uniqKey="Downer C">CC Downer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zamora Perez, Di" uniqKey="Zamora Perez D">DI Zamora Pérez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bussmann, Rw" uniqKey="Bussmann R">RW Bussmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paniagua Zambrana, N" uniqKey="Paniagua Zambrana N">N Paniagua Zambrana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivas Chamorro, M" uniqKey="Rivas Chamorro M">M Rivas Chamorro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Molina Moreira, N" uniqKey="Molina Moreira N">N Molina Moreira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cuadros Negri, Ml" uniqKey="Cuadros Negri M">ML Cuadros Negri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olivera, J" uniqKey="Olivera J">J Olivera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ECAM</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1741-427X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1741-4288</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24454490</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3888705</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2013/291903</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>The Globalization of Traditional Medicine in Northern Peru: From Shamanism to Molecules</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>Rainer W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1">William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Rainer W. Bussmann: <email>rainer.bussmann@mobot.org</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Narel Paniagua</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>28</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
. </pmc-comment>
<volume>2013</volume>
<elocation-id>291903</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Rainer W. Bussmann.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Northern Peru represents the center of the Andean “health axis,” with roots going back to traditional practices of Cupisnique culture (1000 BC). For more than a decade of research, semistructured interviews were conducted with healers, collectors, and sellers of medicinal plants. In addition, bioassays were carried out to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of plants found. Most of the 510 species encountered were native to Peru (83%). Fifty percent of the plants used in colonial times have disappeared from the pharmacopoeia. Market vendors specialized either on common and exotic plants, plants for common ailments, and plants only used by healers or on plants with magical purposes. Over 974 preparations with up to 29 different ingredients were used to treat 164 health conditions. Almost 65% of the medicinal plants were applied in these mixtures. Antibacterial activity was confirmed in most plants used for infections. Twenty-four percent of the aqueous extracts and 76% of the ethanolic extracts showed toxicity. Traditional preparation methods take this into account when choosing the appropriate solvent for the preparation of a remedy. The increasing demand for medicinal species did not increase the cultivation of medicinal plants. Most species are wild collected, causing doubts about the sustainability of trade.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><sec id="sec1"><title>1. Introduction</title>
<p>Traditional medicine is used globally and has a rapidly growing economic importance. In developing countries, traditional medicine is often the only accessible and affordable treatment available. In Uganda, for instance, the ratio of traditional practitioners to the population is between 1 : 200 and 1 : 400, while the availability of Western doctors is typically 1 : 20,000 or less. Moreover, doctors are mostly located in cities and other urban areas and are therefore inaccessible to rural populations. In Africa, up to 80% of the population uses Traditional Medicine as the primary healthcare system. In Latin America, the WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO/PAHO) reports that 71% of the population in Chile and 40% of the population in Colombia have used Traditional Medicine. In many Asian countries, Traditional Medicine is widely used, even though Western medicine is often readily available. In Japan, 60–70% of allopathic doctors prescribe traditional medicines for their patients. In China, Traditional Medicine accounts for about 40% of all healthcare and is used to treat roughly 200 million patients annually. The number of visits to providers of complementary-alternative medicine (CAM) now exceeds by far the number of visits to all primary care physicians in the US [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
].</p>
<p>Complementary-Alternative Medicine is becoming more and more popular in many developed countries. Forty-eight percent of the population in Australia, 70% in Canada, 42% in the US, 38% in Belgium, and 75% in France have used Complementary-Alternative Medicine at least once [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
]. A survey of 610 Swiss doctors showed that 46% had used some form of CAM, mainly homeopathy and acupuncture [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
]. In the United Kingdom, almost 40% of all general allopathic practitioners offer some form of CAM referral or access [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
]. In the US, a national survey reported the use of at least 1 of 16 alternative therapies increased from 34% in 1990 to 42% in 1997 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
].</p>
<p>The expenses for the use of Traditional and Complementary-Alternative Medicine are exponentially growing in many parts of the world. In Malaysia, an estimated US $500 million is spent annually on Traditional Medicine, compared to about US $300 million on allopathic medicine. The 1997 out-of-pocket Complementary-Alternative Medicine expenditure was estimated at US $2,700 million in the USA. In Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, annual Complementary-Alternative Medicine expenditure is estimated at US $80 million, US $2,400 million, and US $2300 million, respectively. The world market for herbal medicines based on traditional knowledge was estimated at US $60,000 million in the late 1990s [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
]. A decade later, it was around US $60 billion [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
] with estimates for 2015 at US $90 billion [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
]. The sales of herbs and herbal nutritional supplements in the US increased to 101% between May 1996 and May 1998. The most popular herbal products included Ginseng (<italic>Ginkgo biloba</italic>
), Garlic (<italic>Allium sativum</italic>
), <italic>Echinacea</italic>
spp., and St. John's wort (<italic>Hypericum perforatum</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
].</p>
<p>Traditional and complementary-alternative medicine are gaining more and more respect by national governments and health providers. Peru's National Program in Complementary Medicine and the Pan American Health Organization recently compared Complementary Medicine to allopathic Medicine in clinics and hospitals operating within the Peruvian Social Security System. A total of 339 patients—170 being treated with Complementary-Alternative Medicine and 169 with allopathic medicine—were followed for one year. Treatments for osteoarthritis; back pain; neurosis; asthma; peptic acid disease; tension and migraine headache; and obesity were analyzed. The results, with 95% significance, showed that the cost of using Complementary-Alternative Medicine was less than the cost of using Western therapy. In addition, for each of the criteria evaluated—clinical efficacy, user satisfaction, and future risk reduction—Complementary-Alternative Medicine's efficacy was higher than that of conventional treatments, including fewer side effects, higher perception of efficacy by both the patients and the clinics, and a 53–63% higher cost efficiency of Complementary-Alternative Medicine over that of conventional treatments for the selected conditions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
].</p>
<p>According to WHO [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
], the most important challenges for Traditional Medicine/Complementary-Alternative Medicine for the next years are as follows.<list list-type="roman-lower"><list-item><p>Research into safe and effective Traditional Medicine and Complementary Alternative Medicine treatments for diseases that represent the greatest burden, particularly among poorer populations.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Recognition of the role of Traditional Medicine practitioners in providing healthcare in developing countries.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Optimized and upgraded skills of Traditional Medicine practitioners in developing countries.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Protection and preservation of the knowledge of indigenous Traditional Medicine.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Reliable information for consumers on the proper use of Traditional Medicine and Complementary-Alternative Medicine therapies and products.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>Dr. Manuel Fernández, National Subdirector of Peru's Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tradicional (INMETRA), in the 90s delineates problems related to the production of phytopharmaceuticals in Peru.<list list-type="roman-lower"><list-item><p>Lack of national policies.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Absence of state and local policies that include medicinal plants.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Lack of support by the state.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Lack of support from the medical establishment.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Ignorance of the benefits of the phytopharmaceutical industry.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Limited human and technical resources.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Lack of technical knowledge for the production of herbal products.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Ignorance of methods and processes of quality control and standardization.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Problems in obtaining quality materia prima in adequate quantities and predatory collecting.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Absence of conservation policies implementing cultivation of herbals under best conditions.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Limited research in ethnobotany, agrotechnology, pharmacy, and therapeutic validation.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Lack of legal parameters for sanitary controls and commercialization of herbal products.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Vested interests of the pharmaceutical industry minimizing the importance of herbs which are not the product of their own research and development.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>Dr. Fernández also discusses a decreasing trend in Latin American consumption of medicinal products from 8% of global consumption in 1980 to 5% in 1990. He attributes this reduction to decreased government distribution of free medicines to the poor, concentrated wealth in a few hands, and increased poverty. Another factor is the fact that developed nations spend a much higher percentage of GDP on medicines (6–8%) than developing nations (1-2%) where it is estimated that 2/3s of medicines purchased are paid for by the patients. And per capita spending is much higher in developed nations compared with developing countries, for example, Japan: US $276; Germany: US $148; USA: US $128; Argentina: US $42; Uruguay US $40; Paraguay: US $18; Brazil: US $10.5; and Bolivia US $4. There are no figures for Peru, but it is estimated to be slightly above the amount for Bolivia. Overall, it is estimated that 50% of the population of Latin America has little or no access to medicines and that a large portion of these people use medicinal plants.</p>
<p>An innovative response to the challenges listed above has been developed by the Centro de Medicina Andina (CMA) founded in Cuzco in 1984 as an autonomous branch of the Instituto Pastoral Andina (IPA). Started by Catholic healthcare workers with extensive experience in Quechua communities, CMA's pragmatic methodology involves “mutual training” between health care professionals, community health promoters, <italic>curanderos</italic>
, and midwives. For them, the rhetorical question is “Who knows all of the richness of Andean medicine better than the peasant himself, the specialist-practitioner of this medicine?”</p>
<p>Objectives of the Centro up to 1992 were “(1) Advance a health system favoring the majority of the community where Natural-Popular Medicine and modern medicine are complementary. (2) By means of study and application of Natural-Popular Medicine, create a scientific basis for its development.” Revised objectives since 1992 are “(1) Valorize and rescue Andean Medicine in order to contribute to better utilization and recognition within a system of alternative health available to a majority of the population. (2) Investigate, experiment, and disseminate the experiences and knowledge of Andean Medicine. (3) Encourage debate, exchange, and coordination between people and institutions working in the field of Natural-Popular Medicine. (4) Rescue Andean and “Andeanized” foods to improve food consumption.”</p>
<p>CMA's programs include the following. (1) <italic>Education</italic>
: “Peasant to peasant” training of community health promoters and women's groups in cooperation with local universities and the Ministry of Health. (2) <italic>Medicine and Medical Anthropology</italic>
: epidemiological and regional health-status diagnoses, evaluation of traditional therapies, and ethnography and publication of aspects of Andean culture and “cosmovision.” (3) <italic>Ethnobotany and Phytotherapy</italic>
: collection and identification of 3,740 plants and development of an Herbarium and certified laboratory leading to the production and commercialization of six natural medicines.</p>
<p>Northern Peru represents the “health axis” of the old Central Andean cultural area stretching from Ecuador to Bolivia. The traditional use of medicinal plants in this region, which encompasses in particular the Departments of Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Cajamarca, Amazonas, and San Martin, possibly dates back as far as to the first millennium B.C. (north coastal Cupisnique Culture) or at least to the Moche period (A.D. 100–800), with healing scenes and healers frequently depicted in ceramics.</p>
<p>Precedents for this study have been established by early colonial period chroniclers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
]; the plant collections (293 plants in crates 11 and 12 of 24) of Bishop Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón sent to the Palacio Real de Madrid along with cultural materials in 1789 under the title <italic>Trujillo del Perú</italic>
in 9 illustrated volumes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
]; the travel journals of H. Ruiz from 1777 to 1788 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
]; the work of Italian naturalist Antonio Raimondi [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
]; ethnoarchaeological analysis of the psychedelic San Pedro cactus [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
]; <italic>curandera </italic>
depictions in Moche ceramics [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
], and research on the medicinal plants of Southern Ecuador [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec2"><title>2. Antecedents: Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine in Peru</title>
<p>Containing 78 of the 107 ecoregions of the world, in 1993, it was estimated that Peru had 17,143 taxa of spermatophytes in 2,485 genera and 224 families [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>
]. It is thought that only 60% of the Peruvian flora has been studied, with 1,400 species described as medicinal [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
].</p>
<p>The importance of biodiversity for the Peruvian economy is enormous since 25% of all exports are living species, the uses of which are essential to local populations in terms of firewood, meat, lumber, medicinal plants, and many other products. Of particular importance are vegetal species, with 5,000 plants applied in 49 different uses. Of the 5,000 plants in use, some 4,400 are native; only 600 are introduced. The majority of useful native species are not cultivated; only 222 can be considered to be domesticated or semidomesticated [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
].</p>
<p>Transculturation is resulting in an enormous loss of traditional knowledge of great value to the science and technology of Peru. The flora of the country represents 10% of the world's total, of which 30% is endemic. Peru is the fifth country in the world in number of plant species with known properties utilized by the population (4,400 species); it is the first in domesticated native species (182) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
].</p>
<p>In all Peruvian ethnic groups, plant knowledge is invaluable because it reinforces national identity and values, which are being lost in the complementary processes of modernization and globalization. In the current situation, the emerging recognition and incipient application of these resources and associated knowledge emphatically underscore the critical need for ethnobotanical research in light of the following facts.<list list-type="roman-lower"><list-item><p>Absorption and devaluing of native culture due to modernization and globalization.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>At the same time, recuperation/revalorization of traditional knowledge of Peruvian flora.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Emerging “first world” awareness of the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Recent ethnobotanical research by a growing number of Peruvian scholars [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>
].</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>In <italic>Sinopsis histórica de la Etnobotánica en el Perú</italic>
, La Torre and Albán Castillo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
] outline the history of formal floristic studies in Peru starting in 1778 with the work of Hipólito Ruiz, José Pavón, and Joseph Dombey followed by Alexander von Humboldt and Aime Bonpland. Other early botanical explorers include Raimondi [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
], Larco Herrera [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>
], Valdizan and Maldonado [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>
], Soukop [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>
], López et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>
], Chavez (1977), de Ferreira [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref>
], and Duke and Vásquez [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref>
]. However, it was John Harshberger who used the term ethnobotany for the first time in Peru while Juana Infantes actually established the discipline at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in 1945 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
].</p>
<p>Considerable progress has been made in the overall taxonomic treatment of the flora of Peru over the last few decades [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>
]. However, while the Amazon rainforests have received a great deal of scientific attention, the mountain forests and remote highland areas are still relatively unexplored. Until the late 1990s little work had been done on vegetation structure, ecology, and ethnobotany in the mountain forests and coastal areas of the north. In spite of the fact that this region is the core of what Peruvian anthropologist Lupe Camino [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref>
] calls the “health axis” of Central Andean ethnomedicine, little ethnobotanical and ethnomedical research has been published on the rich flora found here.</p>
<p>Early ethnobotanically oriented studies focused mainly on the famous “magical” and “mind altering” flora of Peru. A first study on “cimora”—another vernacular name for the San Pedro cactus—dates back to the 1940's [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref>
]. The first detailed study of a hallucinogen in Peru focused on the San Pedro cactus (<italic>Echinopsis pachanoi</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45">45</xref>
]. A variety of works including some on the “Daturas” (<italic>Brugmansia</italic>
spp.) followed by [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">50</xref>
] Coca (<italic>Erythroxylum coca</italic>
) also attracted early scientific attention [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">51</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">56</xref>
], as did the Amazonian Ayahuasca (<italic>Banisteriopsis caapi</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">56</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B59">59</xref>
]. Chiappe et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">60</xref>
] were the first to attempt an overview on the use of hallucinogens in shamanistic practices in Peru. More comprehensive accounts followed [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">61</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">62</xref>
].</p>
<p>In his classical study of Uña de Gato, Peru's leading advocate for Traditional Medicine and Founding Director of the Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tradicional del Ministerio de Salud, Fernando Cabieses [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">63</xref>
] pointed out that the work of the Peruvian scholars Valdizán and Maldonado [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>
] was the pioneering effort in studying Traditional Medicine, leading to the emergence of medical anthropology nearly five decades later. In the interim, the botanical exploration of Peruvian flora and medicinal plants in particular included studies by Yacovleff and Larco-Herrera [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B64">64</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B65">65</xref>
]; Weberbauer [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B65">65</xref>
]; Towle [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B66">66</xref>
]; and Valdivia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B67">67</xref>
]. Most authors [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B64">64</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B69">69</xref>
] focused on Quechua herbalism of the Cuzco area. Other comprehensive studies were centered on the border region of Peru and Bolivia around Lake Titicaca [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">70</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B75">75</xref>
] and the Amazon [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B76">76</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B78">78</xref>
] while Cabieses [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B79">79</xref>
] wrote a major tract on Traditional Medicine. Detailed studies of Uña de Gato [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">63</xref>
], Maca [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B80">80</xref>
], and Sangre de Drago [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B81">81</xref>
] were also carried out. Northern Peru, in contrast, was always in the shadow of more touristically important regions, attracting little scholarly attention until recently [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B82">82</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B87">87</xref>
].</p>
<p>During the 1970s, the World Health Organization (WHO) was very proactive in advocating the integration of Traditional Medicine into public health programs in third world countries. This culminated in the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978, which proclaimed “health for all in the year 2000” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B88">88</xref>
]. Cabieses [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">63</xref>
] described his struggles to implement the UN tenets in Peru, together with Seguin [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B89">89</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B90">90</xref>
] who advocated the incorporation of traditional folk psychotherapy into the modern institutional framework. In 1979, they organized the First World Congress of Traditional Medicine to build on the Alma Ata Declaration. As a result of coming up with such a “hair-brained” (<italic>descabellada</italic>
) notion, they were nearly expelled from the prestigious Colegio Médico del Perú. In addition, Peru's Minister of Public Health declined the invitation to participate in the inaugural ceremonies. In spite of these setbacks, the congress was a resounding success with participants from 23 countries and sessions in Lima, Iquitos, and Cuzco. Few medical doctors attended, however. Peru's negative response to WHO initiatives contrasts markedly with that of Mexico where, in 1975, President Echeverría established the Mexican Institute for the Study of Medicinal Plants (IMEPLAM), inaugurating an era of official recognition of Traditional Medicine. Abigail Aguilar, Director of Mexico's National Herbarium, underscores the positive impact of WHO: “What happens is that no one studies what they have. Everyone devalues what they have, especially in countries like Mexico where we've been conquered and have had another culture imposed on us… So in the case of Mexico, there's a historic complex in which everything that smelled of plants was worth nothing. Academic medical researchers weren't very interested in that kind of resource… until they heard what the WHO said in the 1970s. That took hold in many countries, it definitely took hold here… because IMEPLAM was already in place” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B91">91</xref>
].</p>
<p>Building on the success of the first conference, in 1988, Dr. Cabieses presided over the second congress. This time things were different, with 4,000 participants from 41 countries. The Minister of Public Health, the Dean of the Colegio Médico, and the Mayor of Lima all participated in the inauguration ceremony, along with a long list of university authorities. Published acts of the congress included important contributions on the medicinal flora of Peru [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B92">92</xref>
] and for the Southern Andes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B73">73</xref>
]. Subsequent publications of note included the southern highlands of Peru [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B69">69</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B74">74</xref>
] and the Peruvian Amazon region [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B93">93</xref>
].</p>
<p>While he was Director of the National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Cabieses was instrumental in coordinating a network of 16 ethnobotanical gardens in Peru, which included the cultivation of medicinal plants used by traditional herbalists [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B94">94</xref>
]. He also facilitated scientific research on Traditional Medicine building a large database of herbs and monographs on 200 species of medicinal plants. In 2001, a new administration discontinued these innovative programs.</p>
<p>In his last years, from his position as Rector of the Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, Cabieses (2007) published his magnum opus on medicine in ancient Peru. He was also a strong critic of Peru's apathy regarding protection of its biocultural resources. In his book <italic>Hoy y Ayer: Las Plantas Medicinales</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B95">95</xref>
], he reviewed the lamentable history of medicinal plant legislation in Peru throughout the 1990s. He pointed out that the nation followed the recommendations of the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), which he saw as totally inapplicable, a situation traceable to the “bicultural” nature of Peruvian society where the official scientific world view predominates over traditional “cosmovision.” This was occurring in spite of the fact that, since the 1970s, WHO has repeatedly formulated and refined guidelines for appropriate protection and sustainable development of medicinal plant resources and associated knowledge. Most of these recommendations were systematically ignored by the Peruvian Government. Bringing a personal perspective to bear on this matter, Cabieses (page 118) quoted a Peruvian Minister of Public Health who stated that medicinal plants and Traditional Medicine “aren't worth a thing” and that their study was “a waste of money and effort.” He ended his book (page 120) by contrasting the renewed European interest in medicinal plants with the Peruvian attitude<disp-quote><p>“But here in Peru it's different. The lack of information and efficient research, education, and medical practice regarding the use of medicinal plants aggravate the fact that more than nine million human beings, a third of our population, in effect have as their only medical resource… the vegetal resources that surround them. The great unknown in our public health system is why so many physicians go to such lengths to exclude from their therapeutic activity the only resource that can control the suffering—not to mention the ailments—of such an important sector of our population.”</p>
</disp-quote>
</p>
<p>In the first decade of the 2000s—although little had been done to protect and sustainably develop these valuable natural resources and associated knowledge—increasingly unfettered access was being granted to foreign pharmaceutical corporations. In 2004, a forum organized by the Peruvian Congress and the Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental (SPDA), an NGO dealing with environmental law, pointed out that foreign patent applications were pending or granted for 19 Peruvian plants and that the government was not making resources available to determine if the patents or claims met the requirements of patent law [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B96">96</xref>
]. Adding insult to injury, on 28 March 2009, <italic>Somos</italic>
, the news magazine of the prestigious daily <italic>El Comercio </italic>
reported that, under the terms of the Peruvian-North American Free Trade Agreement, claims by American pharmaceutical companies were to be granted “exclusive protection” for alleged “new products” regardless of whether or not they qualified or had prior licenses or patents [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B97">97</xref>
]. Seguin and Cabieses would turn in their graves!</p>
<p>A classic example of one hand not knowing what the other is doing was revealed on 16 July 2009 when Portillo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B98">98</xref>
] reported that Peru had denied patents to companies from France, Japan, South Korea, and the US on the grounds that their products were developed using traditional knowledge. The denials emanated from the Peruvian National Commission Against Biopiracy advocated in the Peruvian Congressional Forum of 2004. However, the Portillo article ended with a quote from Michel Pimbert of the International Institute for Environment and Development: “It would be naïve to think that national governments would automatically share benefits with local communities when biopiracy is prevented or compensation obtained.” That said, in 2009, the public health section of Peru's social security system (EsSalud) inaugurated a pilot program to prescribe medicinal plants in three of its centers for Complementary Medicine in Lima, Arequipa, and Trujillo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B99">99</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec3"><title>3. Issues in the Globalization of Traditional Medicine</title>
<p>Moran et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B100">100</xref>
] trace the emergence of biodiversity prospecting. On 5 June 1992, in order to alleviate the loss of earth's flora and fauna, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was inaugurated at the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CBD objectives are (1) conservation of biodiversity, (2) sustainable use of components of biodiversity, and (3) equitable sharing of benefits derived from commercial use of genetic resources.</p>
<p>For biodiversity-rich developing countries, the most critical element in the CBD is sovereignty over bioresources by nation states, since the treaty recognizes their right to regulate and charge outsiders for access to their biodiversity. The sovereignty component is meant to replace the “common heritage” paradigm, which provides unrestricted access to biological resources. Ideally this paradigm shift is supposed to balance the way in which all involved interest groups can gain from biodiversity use by recognizing the economic, sociocultural, and environmental values of bioresources and the cost of their preservation.</p>
<p>In the time since the CBD was initiated, few of the 178 signatory nations have introduced legislation requiring benefit sharing for outside commercial access to their national bioresources, although some suggestions for implementation of the CBD have been brought forward [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B101">101</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B102">102</xref>
]. Despite the lukewarm response to the CBD by nation states, the global shift in awareness concerning tropical deforestation provided an opportunity for ethnobotanists to assert that everyone has an interest in preserving rainforests because they might contain compounds that could cure cancer, HIV-AIDS, and other diseases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B103">103</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B107">107</xref>
]. In addition, income derived from the marketing of traditional medicinal knowledge was seen as an instrument to alleviate poverty and to finance conservation efforts [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B108">108</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B110">110</xref>
]. Within a few years, however, for its critics, ethnobotany—initially seen as instrument that could help to salvage declining traditional knowledge and biodiversity—had simply become an instrument of theft and “biopiracy.”</p>
<p>In his book <italic>Who Owns Native Culture</italic>
? anthropologist Brown [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B107">107</xref>
] has a chapter entitled “The Ethnobotany Blues” which documents high-profile projects launched in Africa and Latin America in the early 1990s. They were organized under the U.S. initiative known as the International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG), administered by the Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in Health Sciences, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), with additional funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Projects involved partnerships between American and host-country scientists as well as major drug companies, including Monsanto, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and American Cyanamid. Brown describes ICBG-Peru's troubled relationship between the Aguaruna of the Peruvian Amazon and Washington University (St. Louis), criticizing “paternalistic interventions that leave native peoples on the margins of decision-making and profit-taking” (page 114). In Mexico, he documents how ICBG-Maya was shut down by an indigenous healers' organization and their activist allies on the grounds that it was an effort to steal native knowledge and resources. And he traces the failure of Shaman Pharmaceuticals, a California company which folded in 1999, in trying to adapt ethnobotanical bioprospecting to the “magic-bullet” paradigm of the pharmaceutical industry.</p>
<p>In the late 1990s, anthropologist Hayden [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B91">91</xref>
] conducted an ethnography of an ICBG bioprospecting agreement inaugurated in 1993 between the University of Arizona and its pharmaceutical partners (whose contribution was a discount on the use of their equipment!) and a team of plant researchers at Mexico's National Autonomous University (UNAM) headed by ethnobotanist Robert Bye. Under the agreement, UNAM researchers sent extracts of Mexican medicinal plants to the US in exchange for research funds and promises of a percentage of royalties 10 to 20 years in the future—should a drug result from the collaboration. The project was also designed to collect ethnobotanical knowledge and to direct some royalties back to source communities. It concluded in 2003 when UNAM opted out of a second renewal.</p>
<p>Hayden elucidates the complex issues that emerged during the project, in particular the paradoxical effects of NIH's advocacy of benefit-sharing according to the neoliberal paradigm of bioprospecting. For NIH, this meant that field researchers were supposed to sign contracts with each individual supplier of plants. Suppliers—and, by implication, their communities—were presumed to be “authors” and “stewards” of resources as well as future benefit recipients. For UNAM ethnobotanists, drawing on a well-established research methodology, this meant collecting initial plant species from urban marketplaces and rural roadsides, a major disruption of a fundamental bioprospecting assumption that plants and knowledge “come with” clearly identified local stewards, authors, and claimants.</p>
<p>In stark contrast with the ICBG approach, there is the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS) model put into practice at its Southern Center for Biomedical Research (CIBIS) in Cuernavaca and focused on the production of herbal medicines. On 20 February 1997, Hayden [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B91">91</xref>
] interviewed Miguel Antinori, a prominent CIBIS official who denigrated bioprospecting agreements for using Mexico's chemists as “cheap labor” and for sending extracts abroad for “more sophisticated” work. Further, he added, “It's hard to see an assertion of [Mexican] national identity in these contexts—up north, they just see Mexico as a source of raw material and certainly not as research partners or collaborators. Why do not they locate more of the development part here? Because they do not trust Mexican science.”</p>
<p>Former Shaman Pharmaceuticals scientists Moran et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B100">100</xref>
] discuss the irony in the situations described above, indicating that the majority of the biotech industry is not involved in bioprospecting, since most companies favor the use of cheaper and faster synthetic technologies over the complex process involved in exploring for natural products. Nonetheless, biotechnology spawns ethical, social, and legal debates at the margins of pharmaceutical bioprospecting, including the collaboration between big business and big science, the ethics of genetic engineering, and the patentability of life forms as well as ideas about genetics and racism, culture, and ethnicity. However, it is significant to note that, since the inauguration of the CBD, no pharmaceutical bioprospecting product developed by using traditional knowledge has generated an economic profit. (But this does not mean that pharmaceutical companies do not try to impede or coopt efforts to get natural plant products to market.) Also, only a small number of bioprospecting research expeditions begin by using ethnobotany as a discovery methodology, with the work soon evolving into economic botany as the laboratory focus shifts to the plant's chemistry, biological activity, and pharmacology/toxicology. During drug discovery, active chemical components are isolated, often modified, and patented. Patented information then becomes a commodity in itself.</p>
<p>Peruvian pharmaceutical researcher Angulo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B111">111</xref>
] discusses new approaches to research on medicinal plants contrasting Western and Eastern methodologies. For example, while the West does not value popular wisdom and usage developed over centuries by local cultures, the east uses this knowledge as a paradigmatic base for its model of science. While the West has exclusively followed the Cartesian model of scientific skepticism, Eastern pragmatism, building on tradition, has formalized usage and then applied the methods of modern science. While the West has ignored traditional knowledge in designing artificial studies that isolate chemical components and evaluate their toxicity and bioactivity to later take finished products into clinical settings, the East has followed an inverse strategy, that is, valuing traditional knowledge by applying original remedies and therapies in the medical clinic and then subjecting those that work to biochemical research and development. While the West followed a basic research paradigm of random screening, component analysis, and synthesis, the East recognized the holistic action of herbal medicines in seeking ways to industrialize them. As a result of the foregoing factors, Western science has developed economic botany, which uses a methodology of chemical taxonomy based on the assumption that only by knowing the chemistry of plants we can discover their active principles and bioactivity. This has led to the current emphasis on synthetic chemistry for the development of modern medicines.</p>
<p>Angulo (page 363) points out that, by uncritically following the Western model for biochemical research promoted by large European and American pharmaceutical corporations, Peru has acquiesced to the notion that countries like Peru and Mexico lack the technical and economic resources necessary to compete with foreign consortiums. As a result, these countries, for the most part, have denigrated their own indigenous knowledge and neglected the development of viable national research programs in ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. Joining Elisabetsky and Castilhos [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B104">104</xref>
], Angulo suggests that<disp-quote><p>“Traditional medicine should be the basis for the development of drugs, given that it includes the knowledge of the therapeutic value of local flora. Thus, knowledge of the practices of Traditional Medicine plays a crucial role in the selection of species to subsequently be considered as potential sources of universally applicable drugs. Elisabetsky and Castilhos concludes that the interaction between anthropology and ethnopharmacology is the basis on which should be developed the holistic investigation of medicinal plants in particular and healthcare in general.”</p>
</disp-quote>
</p>
<p>We would only add that applied research on natural plant remedies should also be on the national agendas of Peru and neighboring republics.</p>
<p>Manek and Lettington [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B112">112</xref>
] point out that by focusing on indigenous knowledge as it relates to the environment, the convention on biological diversity managed to sidestep some of the more politically charged aspects of the intellectual property rights (IPR) issue. The greatest impact on concerns over indigenous and local community rights can be traced to the mercurial rise of biotechnology on the international trade front and the 1995 version of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). These two factors have created a large potential market for indigenous and local knowledge and resources, while at the same time raising concerns about the risk that these resources will be misappropriated. Thus, this knowledge is receiving increasing international attention in terms of its relationship to human rights as well as its relevance to modern science. The situation has created opposing pressures calling for the rights of local and indigenous peoples on the one hand and further exploitation of their knowledge on the other. Moran et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B100">100</xref>
], Manek and Lettington [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B112">112</xref>
], and Greaves [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B113">113</xref>
] indicate that the biggest problem with the orthodox intellectual property system is its focus on material aspects of knowledge at the expense of the cultural. They advocate recognition of alternative worldviews in the formulation of new indigenous knowledge rights that are localized, relevant, pertinent, and effective.</p>
<p>In their article in <italic>Cultural Survival Quarterly,</italic>
Bannister and Barrett [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B114">114</xref>
] contend that bioprospecting is a form of economic botany that can run contrary to the ethnobotanical objectives of protecting biological and cultural diversity. The economic focus of this activity highlights issues concerning indigenous rights, cultural knowledge, and traditional resources—areas in which current intellectual property protection regimes are inadequate and inappropriate. However, indigenous communities are increasingly forced to employ intellectual property rights to protect these resources. Protection issues ought to be addressed well before the point at which employing intellectual property mechanisms seems to be the only alternative. Significant control lies at the point of decision about publication and dissemination of knowledge to the wider community, which raises important questions about facilitating the appropriation of cultural knowledge. The authors (page 10) advocate a more “precautionary” approach to ethnobotanical inquiry in assisting indigenous communities in protecting their cultural heritage and intellectual property rights.</p>
<p>Probably the major concern in many traditional communities is that their spiritual legacies will be profaned by a secularized and consumer-driven outside world. Often, however, legitimate economic considerations also play a role in the defensive reactions of these societies to the well-intended but naïve desire of the academic world to place its findings in the public domain. Greaves et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B113">113</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B114">114</xref>
] have warned that the downside in this approach is that a “colonializing archive” can become easily “mined” for clues in the search for new drugs without the inconvenience of fieldwork or inclusion of source communities in the benefits derived from products resulting from research.</p>
<p>However, despite acknowledging genuine concerns about neocolonialism and biopiracy, we would submit that each situation has to be considered on its own merits, especially with regard to its specific cultural context. A first step in the evaluation process should involve the important distinction between “indigenous peoples” and “local communities” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B100">100</xref>
]. The latter for the most part is farmers who speak the national language, practice the majority religion, and identify with the nation state, especially with regard to their socioeconomic aspirations, whereas the former tends to be tribal and/or ethnic minorities, who seek collective rights and self-determination for their biological and cultural resources. Although it is often the case that in both communities traditional knowledge and resources are undocumented and in danger of disappearing, this danger tends to be more pressing in local communities as their members continue to adapt to privatization and globalization. In cases such as this successful ethnobotanical intervention, is required a methodology that combines “salvage ethnography” with “rapid assessment”. This is the methodology that we initially applied in Peru, motivated by our prior experience in Southern Ecuador where traditional knowledge of medicinal plants similar to those found in Northern Peru is diminishing at an alarming rate. However, with our database firmly established as a research vehicle, we can now turn our attention to facilitating proactive issues of education, conservation, and sustainable development of natural plant products.</p>
<p>India provides a positive example of the proactive application of this approach. Taking advantage of the “novelty” criterion in international patent law, with regard to the documentation of Ayurvedic and other traditional medicine, millennial Sanskrit texts as well as modern publications are included in a traditional knowledge database, which is subsequently provided to patent agencies. The expectation is that, by placing the knowledge about long-term cultural precedents for traditional uses in the public domain, this research will prove that contemporary patent applications derived from local medicinal knowledge lack originality that is that they are not “novel” enough to qualify as inventions warranting protection under international patent law and are thus not patentable.</p>
<p>Fortunately, in 2002, with the support of the International Phyto-Genetic Resource Institute (Rome, Italy), Peru promulgated Law 27811 for the protection of the collective knowledge of indigenous peoples related to biological resources. Article 17 of the law establishes a National Public Register to include collective knowledge that is in the public domain. This register is administered by National Institute of Competitive Defense and Intellectual Property (INDECOPI), with the obligation to send the information recorded to principal patent offices around the world, a protective defense mechanism intended to prevent the granting of patents which do not meet the criteria of novelty and degree of inventiveness [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B96">96</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B115">115</xref>
].</p>
<p>As noted earlier, Peru has also activated the Peruvian National Commission Against Biopiracy. In the Congressional Forum of 2004, which led to the formation of the Commission, a number of important issues were addressed, including intellectual property, the high protein cereal Quinoa and biopiracy, passage of the law for the protection of Peruvian biodiversity and the collective knowledge of indigenous peoples, and efforts to annul the US patent for the virility stimulant Maca as well as suggestions for combating biopiracy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B116">116</xref>
]. Briefly noted was the issue of genetically modified foods, anticipated as a concern that was likely to emerge with approval of a free trade agreement with the US [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B116">116</xref>
]. When the Commission was legally mandated, later in 2004, 19 plant claims were slated for review. By 2010, claims for 69 plants were being researched, 17 cases of biopiracy had been identified, and seven (from France, Japan, and South Korea) had been successfully blocked. One hopes that in all these deliberations the following remarks by forum panelist Agurto [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B117">117</xref>
] will be borne in mind:<disp-quote><p>“The problem underlying biopiracy is the open recognition of the rights of the indigenous peoples and communities. Many times they have been excluded and marginalized from the politics of Government. Even today we encounter members of Congress who are either unaware of the existence of indigenous peoples or who do not recognize their rights. It is impossible to speak of biopiracy if we do not defend the holders of many genetic resources, those who have achieved the domestication, knowledge, and technology to utilize biodiversity in a sustainable fashion. They are also the holders of the right to prior informed consent, a fundamental right to know the objectives of the exploration and exploitation of their resources and traditional knowledge and the consequences or potential benefits that can come with industrial, commercial or scientific uses.”</p>
</disp-quote>
</p>
<p>Spanish anthropologist Abad [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B118">118</xref>
] concludes in her book <italic>Ethnocide and Resistance in the Peruvian Amazon</italic>
that foreign and domestic development policies contribute to the marginalization of indigenous people:<disp-quote><p>“Underdeveloped, developing, Third World, North-South…, perhaps the language has been changing in these times and the terminology has been adapting itself to partially new habits, but the unequal, hierarchical reality remains the same, given that those who exercise power continue to be the same. International assistance also keeps promoting unequal development between peoples.”</p>
</disp-quote>
</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec4"><title>4. Biodiversity Conservation and Traditional Medicine</title>
<p>A policy report, <italic>Biodiversity, Traditional Knowledge and Community Health: Strengthening Linkages,</italic>
published by the United Nations University, Institute of Advanced Studies in Yokohama, Japan, addresses many of the issues discussed above [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B119">119</xref>
]. Building on the WHO Alma Ata Declaration of 1978 related to Traditional Medicine and primary health care, the UN Convention on Biological Diversity of 1992, and the UN's Middle Development Goals (MDGs) of 2011, this document shows that links between Traditional Medicine and biodiversity are strengthened by three processes: (1) a medical approach involving national efforts to integrate Traditional Medicine into institutional healthcare delivery which includes challenges related to safety, quality, efficacy, access, and regulation; (2) a market-oriented approach focused on drug development or tourism promotion focused on biomedical products and services as marketable commodities; and (3) a community-focused approach activated by civil society organizations focused on conservation implemented through a grassroots mobilization process involving health professionals, botanists, conservationists, and community activists.</p>
<p>The community-based approach shows allegiance to the Alma Ata primary health care model. Examples include the barefoot doctors strategy in China and the social health activist programs in India. Given the centrality of biodiversity in human lives, there is still a need to develop sustainable strategies for health maintenance combined with conservation of biological resources linked to local knowledge and practices. This is relevant even in developed countries where there is an increasing demand for alternative and complementary medicine.</p>
<p>At the beginning of the UNU report in a “Message from the Director,” Govindan Parayil (page 6) assesses progress towards the CBD agenda of a global development path that is sustainable, equitable, environmentally just, and economically rewarding. He sees that the prognosis is not encouraging. Progress has been made, but we still are falling far short in even sustaining current levels of well-being. “Negative environmental trends continue to be exacerbated by human interventions—primarily led by a model of unsustainable and conspicuous consumption.” He adds: “The extraordinary emphasis on developing produced capital appears to have overwhelmed all other aspects of natural capital required for our well-being.”</p>
<p>On the positive side, Parayil notes increased awareness of the gap between planning and implementation. Welcome signs of change include “increasing resolve to align production activities with environmental and equity considerations” as well as “efforts aimed at reforming global institutional structures to create more synergies and effective implementation of relevant policies.” He concludes<disp-quote><p>“Current accepted standards of practice and business norms must be re-oriented to include a more consultative policy setting with all major actor representatives. [This] would require designing regulations that acknowledge the need for balance among all forms of capital, and incentives that provide equitable access to resources and services.”</p>
</disp-quote>
</p>
<p>The UNU policy report documents 30 successful community-based projects from around the world. Despite their success in finding workable solutions to meet conservation and primary health care needs, the scale of operation of these programs has not been enhanced or expanded. This is due to a number of factors listed in the report, some of which include the following.<list list-type="roman-lower"><list-item><p>There is a clear need to include ecological, conservation, and sociocultural factors in goal-setting related to health and development programs.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>High external dependency, especially in pharmaceuticals and medical technologies, disincentivizes local innovations in Traditional Medicine and healthcare.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Through a top-down health care approach, societies have organized themselves to be more disease-centric (with supporting institutions, research, industry, government departments, strategies, and programs) than wellness-centric. A paradigm shift in the mind set as well as in systems and structures to wellness (prevention/promotion) is a challenge, yet essential. For this to occur, internalization (not mere awareness) and implementation are essential.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Traditional health promotion and related conservation schemes focused chiefly on medicinal plants have been seen more as avenues for economic development and hence expected to become self-supporting… To realize self-sufficiency, costs of delivery of various related services from resource collection to distribution and infrastructure to identify and support healers need to be thought out comprehensively. There is a critical need for innovative approaches for funding mechanisms in this area.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>At the policy level, there appears to be a tendency towards nonrealistic target setting. Implementation mechanisms for such targets still rely primarily on formal mainstream processes such as modern infrastructure and trained doctors, while including and appropriately training specialists outside the “modern” realm of training, especially at the community health worker level, might have hastened the processes to achieve various goals. A reflexive learning approach to development is especially important in this context where no single knowledge system has sufficient conceptual, theoretical, or practical authority in addressing health challenges.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>While attempts to document and protect traditional medical knowledge in searchable and other inventories are important in terms of defensively protecting such knowledge from misappropriation, efforts to use such knowledge to augment community health are still insufficient. Attempts to open such inventories for research purposes still play into mainstream drug development processes—more than local healthcare. This stymies efforts to use and expand such initiatives to provide better community and public healthcare.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>High erosion of traditional knowledge and lack of perceived support for traditional health practitioners have evidently led to a decrease in the receptivity to and transfer of all aspects of such knowledge between generations. It has been observed that in cases where the knowledge system is perceived to bring in recognition and supplemental income, younger generations are more keen to learn, develop, and sustain them.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>We often see that the dominant education and research systems tend to enhance knowledge and technologies using universal standards, without much attention to the capacities and needs of specific regions or populations resulting in a dearth of comprehensive theoretical approaches to assessing traditional knowledge which is believed to be key to the disregard of traditional cultures This then calls for the design and implementation of culturally appropriate pedagogical methods with an intercultural inclination and transdisciplinary approach and their integration into formal and informal learning processes.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>There appears to be a clear need for designing a radical and innovative approach to integrate Traditional Medicine into mainstream health systems. This would further require full institutional backing from various related governmental and nongovernmental agencies that link supply chains of medicinal resources with health practitioners and consumers with the highest standards of quality, safety, and efficacy.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>With regard to a plan of action, this policy paper advocates the use of integrated rapid assessment protocols similar to those used in some of the case studies outlined in the report—duly adapted to local cultural and environmental circumstances. It provides an assessment framework and the following “potential strategies.”<list list-type="roman-lower"><list-item><p>Assessment methods to inventory resources and knowledge used in healthcare.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Knowledge validation, generation, and use.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Capacity building for different stakeholders.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Cross-learning between different knowledge systems.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Mechanisms to protect traditional resources and knowledge.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Linking with economic development objectives.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Expansion of partnerships with different stakeholders.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Effective communication strategies.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>Synergizing community initiatives with civil society organizations and policy processes in identifying critical areas of engagement.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>Complementing the positive examples from the UN University-Yokohama report is the lesson learned from a failed project in Northern India which sought to develop a medicinal plant value chain between local Himalayan farmers and a Dutch company (Ayurveda Health) in a project undertaken by The Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) and the Center for Sustainable Development (CSD) of The Netherlands in cooperation with local government agencies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B120">120</xref>
]. The authors point out that worldwide medicinal plants are being depleted at a rapid pace due to large-scale, unsustainable collection from natural habitats. Conservation of these species is critical for four reasons: (1) they are a source of natural ingredients used by the manufacturers of modern pharmaceuticals resulting in a large and increasing demand [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B121">121</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B123">123</xref>
]; (2) medicinal plants form the basis of homeopathy and traditional medicines, and, along with traditional knowledge, are crucial for traditional healers, who play a vital role in the lives of poor people and their animals in developing countries [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
]; (3) the collection and marketing of medicinal plants are a valuable source of livelihood for large numbers of poor people in developing countries; and (4) medicinal plants are an essential component of biological diversity and conservation.</p>
<p>Regarding lessons learned, three reasons are given for the project's lack of success: (1) poor quality planting material supplied to farmers resulting in high mortality of plants; (2) too many uncoordinated farmers planting uneconomic plots on marginal land which resulted in low upkeep motivation and unrealistic expectations that were not realized; and (3) poor understanding of local farming dynamics and the emergence of a successful alternative cash crop. These are factors that should be evaluated in any efforts to build a successful supply chain for CMC-EsSalud-Trujillo.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5"><title>5. Two Decades of Traditional Medicine Research in Northern Peru</title>
<p>Work up to 2012—besides developing a database of 510 medicinal plants [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B124">124</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
] and 974 remedies of mixtures [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B127">127</xref>
]—has demonstrated that herbal commerce in Peru is a major economic resource [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B128">128</xref>
], which, although used alongside modern pharmaceutical products, is showing signs of diminished popular knowledge of applications [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B129">129</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B130">130</xref>
]. Laboratory research on most of the database has ranged from minimum inhibition concentrations [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B131">131</xref>
] to toxicity screening [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B132">132</xref>
] as well as bioassays to determine antibacterial activity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B133">133</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B137">137</xref>
] and phytochemical analysis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B138">138</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B139">139</xref>
] with more focused analyses of herbal treatments for acne [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B133">133</xref>
] and malaria [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B140">140</xref>
]. Other studies have sought to identify Ulluchu, a ceremonial plant of the pre-Hispanic Moche culture [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B141">141</xref>
] as well as surveying colonial sources of medicinal plants in Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. An ethnography of peasant herbalists which documented aspects of the market supply chain showed that suppliers are not adequately remunerated and revealed threats posed by lack of conservation measures and overharvesting [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B142">142</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B143">143</xref>
] criticized the scientific reductionism of laboratory research in attempting to appropriately verify traditional remedies. Anthropological studies of traditional <italic>curanderos</italic>
and their curing altars (<italic>mesas</italic>
) include articles by Sharon et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B144">144</xref>
]; Sharon and Gálvez [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B145">145</xref>
]; Sharon et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B146">146</xref>
]; and Glass-Coffin et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>
].</p>
<p>It is worth noting that, during the decade that we have been working in the field and the laboratory, there has been a sea change in attitudes and perceptions of Traditional Medicine [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B147">147</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B178">178</xref>
]. In Trujillo, Lima, and Arequipa, a pilot program prescribing medicinal plants, scientifically validated by WHO/PAHO, has been initiated by EsSalud's National Program for Complementary Medicine, an initiative that begun in 1999 with three centers which has grown to 26 to date [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B149">149</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B150">150</xref>
]. In Trujillo, the Missouri Botanical Garden's Sacred Seeds program has started an herbal garden and educational outreach program at the site museum of the pre-Hispanic Chimú city of Chan Chan. In Huamachuco, a program of ethnobotany and conservation manifest in community gardens and seed banks of medicinal and food plants is slowly emerging through collaboration between three local peasant communities, the Beneficencia Publica and regional hospital, MBG's Sacred Seeds program, MHIRT, and the Peace Corps. Future work will involve developing a supply chain between Huamachuco and CCM-Trujillo with scientific validation by MBG, UB (SUNY), the Biotransformation and Natural Products Laboratory at UNT, and the Interdisciplinary Research Group at UPAO as coordinated by MHIRT and MBG.</p>
<sec id="sec5.1"><title>5.1. Plant Nomenclature in Northern Peru</title>
<p>For the last decade, the nomenclature of plant families, genera, and species registered in Northern Peru followed the <italic>Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>
]. Species were identified using the available volumes of the <italic>Flora of Peru</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B151">151</xref>
] as well as work on the flora of Ecuador and Bolivia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B152">152</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B155">155</xref>
] and reference material in the herbaria HUT and HAO.</p>
<p>The naming of plant species follows three general patterns. Plant names already used by original indigenous populations are often maintained, although slightly modified. Plants similar to species already known, or with similar habitus, often receive the same name (transposition). In other cases, completely new names are created (neology) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B156">156</xref>
].</p>
<p>The vernacular names of the plants used in Northern Peru reflect the historical development of plant use in the region. Introduced species (e.g., <italic>Apium graveolens</italic>
—Apio, <italic>Foeniculum vulgare</italic>
—Hinojo) and native species similar to species found in Spain (e.g., <italic>Adiantum concinnum</italic>
—Culantrillo, <italic>Matricaria frigidum</italic>
—Manzanilla), as well as species growing mostly in the coastal regions of the area (e.g., <italic>Alternanthera porrigens</italic>
—Sanguinaria) are often addressed with names derived from Spanish roots. Plants from the mountain forests and especially the Andean highlands or the Amazon are often known by their Quechua names (e.g., <italic>Pellaea ternifolia</italic>
—Cuti Cuti, <italic>Amaranthus caudatus</italic>
—Quihuicha, and <italic>Banisteriopsis caapi</italic>
—Ayahuasca), and a few plant names can be traced back to Mochica (the original indigenous language spoken at the coast of Northern Peru) roots (e.g., <italic>Nectandra</italic>
spp.—Espingo) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B157">157</xref>
]. Van den Eynden et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B156">156</xref>
] observed similar patterns in Southern Ecuador, although her study focused only on edible species. Nine hundred thirty-eight vernacular names were recorded for 510 plant species. About one-third of all names represented Quechua names or had Mochica roots, while 66.5% of all names were of Spanish origin or at least had Spanish components. In comparison, 41% of the vernacular names of edible plants in Southern Ecuador were found to be of Spanish origin. More than half of the indigenous species carried only one vernacular name, with the remaining species carrying a variety of indigenous names, often derived from the same root. In comparison, almost 75% of the introductions were known by one name only. The slight differences in plant names indicate that the species have been used in the region for a long time, and that their names reflect small variations in the local dialects.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.2"><title>5.2. Two Decades of Ethnobotany in Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador</title>
<p>Ethnobotanical data were collected from plant sellers while purchasing plant materials in local markets (mostly Mercado Mayorista and Mercado Hermelinda in Trujillo and Mercado Moshoqueque and Mercado Modelo in Chiclayo); by accompanying local healers (<italic>curanderos</italic>
) to the markets when they purchased plants for curing sessions and into the field when they were harvesting. In addition, plants were collected by the project members in the field, and—together with the material purchased in the markets—were taken to the homes of <italic>curanderos</italic>
to discuss the plants' healing properties, applications, harvesting methodology, and origins. At the <italic>curanderos'</italic>
homes, the authors also observed the preparation of remedies and participated in healing rituals. Plant uses were discussed in detail with informants, after seeking prior informed consent from each respondent. Following a semistructured interview technique, respondents were asked to provide detailed information about the vernacular plant name in Spanish or Quechua; plant properties (hot/cold); harvesting region; ailments for which a plant was used; best harvesting time and season; plant parts used as well as mode of preparation and application; and specific instructions for the preparation of remedies, including the addition of other plant species. All interviews were carried out in Spanish, with at least one of the authors present. Both authors are fluent in Spanish, and no interpreter was needed to conduct the interviews. Data on plant species, families, vernacular names, plant parts used, traditional uses, and modalities of use were recorded.</p>
<p>Many of the species reported from Northern Peru are widely known by <italic>curanderos</italic>
and herb vendors as well as the general population of the region and are employed for a large number of medical conditions. One hundred fifty to two hundred plant species, including most of the introductions, are commonly sold in the local markets [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. Rare indigenous species were either collected by the healers themselves or are ordered from special collectors or herb vendors. The same plants were frequently used by a variety of healers for the same purposes, with only slight variations in recipes. However, different healers might give preference to different species for the treatment of the same medical condition. All species found were well known to the healers and herb vendors involved in the study, even if they themselves did not use or sell the species in question. Many species were often easily recognized by their vernacular names by other members of the population. This indicates that these remedies have been in use for a long time by many people. The use of some species, most prominently San Pedro (<italic>Echinopsis pachanoi</italic>
), Maichil (<italic>Thevetia peruviana</italic>
), and Ishpingo (various species of <italic>Nectandra</italic>
), can be traced back to the Moche culture (AD 100–800). Representations of these plants are frequently found on Moche ceramics, and the remains of some were found in a variety of burials of high-ranking individuals of the Moche elite, for example, the tomb of the Lord of Sipán [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B157">157</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3"><title>5.3. Medicinal Uses</title>
<p>Five hundred and ten plants with medicinal properties were registered in Northern Peru. The same species was often used for various medical conditions and applied in different ways for the same condition. For example, nervous disorders might be treated using different parts of a plant in different applications, for example, topical (as a Poultice or Bath), oral (ingestion of plant extracts), and by supplying the patient with a <italic>seguro</italic>
, a bottle filled with herbs and perfumes, which serves as a protective charm. Two thousand four hundred ninety-nine different uses were registered for the 510 species encountered. In the following, the total number of uses/applications and the number of species used are given, rather than only the number of plant species used to treat a condition, in order to emphasize the importance of the treatment of specific conditions.</p>
<p>The highest number of species (207, 40.4%) is used for the treatment of “magical” ailments, with 682 (27.3%) of all conditions. Respiratory problems (95 species, 18.5%) were mentioned as 233 (9.3%) of all uses; 98 species (19.1%) are used to treat psychosomatic and nervous system problems, with 176 applications (7%). Kidney and Urinary tract disorders are treated with 85 species (16.6%) for 111 conditions (4.4%). Rheumatic and arthritic symptoms are mentioned in 103 uses (4.1%) with 45 species (8.8%) used for treatment. Infections of female organs are treated with 66 species (12.9%) and comprised 100 (4.4%) of all conditions.</p>
<p>Treatments are most often performed in the homes of the individual healers, who normally have their <italic>mesas</italic>
(healing altars) set up in their backyards. Healers also treat patients at altars and consultation chambers (<italic>consultorios</italic>
) in their homes, at sacred sites in the countryside, or at sacred lagoons high in the mountains. Healing altars (<italic>mesas</italic>
) bearing a large number of power objects are often employed. A curing ceremony normally involves purification of the patient by orally spraying blessed and enchanted herbal extracts on the whole body to fend off evil spirits and by nasal ingestion of tobacco juice and perfumes.</p>
<p>Two hundred seventy-eight different medical conditions were recorded. Most plants were used for the treatment of multiple ailments. The large variety of conditions is grouped into 72 main categories.</p>
<sec id="sec5.3.1"><title>5.3.1. Magical Uses</title>
<p>Mental, neurological, and psychosomatic disorders are highly prevalent on a global scale. The burden of mental health problems has been seriously underestimated. Although neurological problems are only responsible for about 1% of global deaths, they contribute to over 11% of the global disease burden. It is estimated that this share will rise to 15% by 2020 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B158">158</xref>
]. Western medicine often offers little help for patients afflicted by these disorders.</p>
<p>Healing altars (<italic>mesas</italic>
) in Northern Peru often follow the old tradition by including a large variety of “power objects,” frequently with a “pagan” background. Objects such as seashells, pre-Columbian ceramics, staffs, and stones. are very common on Peruvian <italic>mesas</italic>
and are blended with Christian symbols such as crosses and images of saints. Treatments are most often performed in the homes of the individual healers, who normally have their <italic>mesas</italic>
set up in their backyards. Healers also treat patients at altars and consultation chambers (<italic>consultorios</italic>
) in their homes, at sacred sites in the countryside, or at sacred lagoons high up in the mountains. A curing ceremony normally involves purification of the patient by orally spraying blessed and enchanted herbal extracts on the whole body to fend off evil spirits and by “Spiritual Flowerings” (<italic>baños de florecimiento</italic>
). In most cases, the cleansing of the patients involves drinking boiled <italic>San Pedro</italic>
juice and the nasal ingestion of tobacco juice and perfumes. Sometimes extracts of Jimson weed (<italic>Datura ferox</italic>
), <italic>Brugmansia </italic>
spp., and tobacco are also used to purify the patients. While the incantations used by healers during their curing sessions include Christian components (e.g., the invocation of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and any number of saints), references to Andean cosmology (e.g., to the <italic>apus</italic>
or the spirits of the mountains) are very common. The use of guinea pigs as diagnostic instruments is standard in Northern Peru [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B159">159</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B162">162</xref>
].</p>
<p>Traditional Medicine is also gaining more attention by national governments and health providers. Peru's National Program in Complementary Medicine and the Pan American Health Organization recently compared Complementary Medicine to allopathic medicine in clinics and hospitals operating within the Peruvian Social Security System [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
].</p>
<p><italic>Mal Aire</italic>
(Bad Air), <italic>Mal Viento</italic>
(Bad Wnd), <italic>Susto</italic>
or <italic>Espanto</italic>
(Fright), <italic>Mal Ojo</italic>
(Evil Eye), and <italic>Daño </italic>
or <italic>Brujería</italic>
(Sorcery) are seen as very common illnesses in Andean society. Causes include sudden changes in body temperature (<italic>Mal Aire, Mal Viento</italic>
), any kind of shock (<italic>Susto, Espanto</italic>
), “humors” or spells cast by other people (<italic>Mal Ojo</italic>
), poisoned food, and curses. (<italic>Daño, Brujeria</italic>
). Medical problems caused by outside influences were reported in a wide variety of studies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">70</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B163">163</xref>
]. The Western concept of “psychosomatic disorders” comes closest to characterizing these illnesses.</p>
<p>These illness categories are deeply rooted in Andean society, and Western medicine does not offer efficient alternatives to traditional treatment. This might explain why this category has still such an outstanding importance. Treatment in many cases involved the participation of the patient in a cleansing ceremony or <italic>limpia</italic>
. This could either be a relatively simple spraying with perfumes and holy water or an allnight ceremony involving the healer's curing altar (<italic>mesa</italic>
). In the days after an all-night ceremony, patients are normally treated with a <italic>baño de florecimiento</italic>
(flowering bath) in order to relieve them of any remaining adversary symptoms or spirits. In addition, patients frequently receive <italic>seguros</italic>
(herbal amulets) for protection against further evil influences and for good luck. <italic>Seguros</italic>
are flasks filled with powerful herbs, as well as perfumes, pictures of saints, and the hair and fingernails of the patient.</p>
<p>The enormous number of plant species used for the treatment of psychosomatic disorders indicates that the <italic>curanderos</italic>
of Northern Peru are valued specialists who are consulted mainly for these conditions. This is all the more interesting since Western medicine has still not found efficient treatments for psychosomatic disorders. The plant species used for “magical or ritual” disorders come mostly from the high Andes, especially from the vicinity of sacred lakes, since plants from those regions are regarded as especially powerful. This links the present day curing practices directly to ancient Andean cosmology. The use of purgatives and laxatives, and to literally “expel” evil spirits is also very common.</p>
<p>A total of 222 plant species belonging to 172 genera and 78 families were documented and identified as herbal remedies used to treat nervous system problems in Northern Peru. Most species used were Asteraceae (36 species, 16.21%), followed by Solanaceae (15 species, 6.76%) and Lamiaceae (14 species, 6.31%). The most important nervous system families are somewhat overrepresented in comparison to the overall medicinal flora, while some other medicinally important families (e.g., Poaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Euphorbiaceae) are completely missing or underrepresented from the nervous disorder portfolio [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>The majority of herbal preparations were prepared from the whole plant (31.56%), while the leaves (24.48%), stems (21.24%), and flowers (8.55%) were used less frequently. Whole plants and stems were more often used than characteristic for the overall medicinal preparations found in the region [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. This indicates that the local healers count on a very well developed knowledge about the properties of different plant parts. In over 60% of the cases, fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs slightly from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. Interestingly, only about 36% of the remedies were applied orally, while the majority was applied topically (46.65%), often as bath, and the remaining ones were used as spiritual safeguard (<italic>seguro</italic>
). This is different from the regional average of application and underlines the importance of spiritually oriented treatments. Over 79% of all remedies were prepared as mixtures with multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit.</p>
<p>Little scientific evidence exists to date to prove the efficacy of the species employed as nervous system remedies in Northern Peru. Only 24% of the plants found or related species in the same genus have been studied at all. Apiaceae, however are particularly well documented. López et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>
] documented that neurophysiological activity in <italic>Ammi majus</italic>
seeds. Celery (<italic>Apium graveolens</italic>
) is wisely used traditionally and has been found to be neuroactive [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B164">164</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B167">167</xref>
]. Activity against anxiety and stress was found in <italic>Coriandrum sativum </italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B168">168</xref>
], <italic>Centella asiatica</italic>
, a species closely related to <italic>Hydrocotyle</italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B169">169</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B177">177</xref>
], and <italic>Petroselinum</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B178">178</xref>
]. <italic>Thevetia peruviana</italic>
, frequently employed in Peruvian traditional medicine, was found to be neurotoxic [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B179">179</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B180">180</xref>
]. Many members of the sunflower family are known to contain large amounts of Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and are also rich in other interesting compounds. Not surprisingly, Asteraceae are of high medicinal importance. Yarrow (<italic>Achillea millefolium</italic>
) showed neurological activity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B181">181</xref>
]. <italic>Artemisia</italic>
spp. are the prime source of Artemisinin, now employed as antimalarial. However, various species were found to be neuroactive and to act as neurotoxicity inhibitors [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B182">182</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B195">195</xref>
]. <italic>Baccharis</italic>
SERRATIFOLIA showed neuroactivity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B196">196</xref>
]. The neurological effects of Chamomile (<italic>Matricaria</italic>
sp.), in particular its activity as sedative are well studied [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B174">174</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B197">197</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B200">200</xref>
]. <italic>Senecio</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B201">201</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B202">202</xref>
], <italic>Gynoxys </italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B203">203</xref>
], and <italic>Tagetes</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B204">204</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B206">206</xref>
] have also shown antidepressant effects.</p>
<p>One of the most widely used and studied neuroactive plant genera is <italic>Hypericum</italic>
sp. (St. Johns Wort). Species of this genus are widely used in Peru, and <italic>in vitro</italic>
as well as <italic>in vivo</italic>
studies have long shown its efficacy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B207">207</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B210">210</xref>
]. Similarly important species of Lamiaceae include <italic>Melissa officinalis </italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B211">211</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B214">214</xref>
], <italic>Lavandula</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B209">209</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B214">214</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B215">215</xref>
], and <italic>Origanum majorana</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B192">192</xref>
]. <italic>Ocimum sanctum </italic>
has been used in Ayurvedic preparations for millennia, and other species of the genus have shown neurophysiological efficacy as well [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B216">216</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B220">220</xref>
]. <italic>Salvia</italic>
sp. has been closely studied since SALVATORIN A was found effective in therapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B213">213</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B221">221</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B224">224</xref>
].</p>
<p>Chinese Skullcap (<italic>Scutellaria baicalensis</italic>
) and other species of the genus <italic>Scutellaria </italic>
are employed to treat memory loss and psychological disorders [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B171">171</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B225">225</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B227">227</xref>
]. Okuyama et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B228">228</xref>
] and D. Singh and A. Singh [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B180">180</xref>
] reported on the neurotoxicity of <italic>Jatropha</italic>
sp. and [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B229">229</xref>
] found neuroactive compounds in <italic>Cyperus</italic>
sp., <italic>Sida</italic>
sp., <italic>Myristica fragrans</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B230">230</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B231">231</xref>
], <italic>Alchemilla</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B232">232</xref>
], <italic>Rubus</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B233">233</xref>
], <italic>Gardenia</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B234">234</xref>
], <italic>Ruta graveolens</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B235">235</xref>
], <italic>Passiflora</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B212">212</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B236">236</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B237">237</xref>
], <italic>Tilia </italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B212">212</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B237">237</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B241">241</xref>
], <italic>Iresine</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B242">242</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B243">243</xref>
], <italic>Ascophyllum</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B244">244</xref>
], and <italic>Aloysia</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B245">245</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B246">246</xref>
] all show anxiolytic properties. Many species of clubmoss (<italic>Huperzia</italic>
spp.) are used for cleansing baths and as admixtures to hallucinogenic preparations. The bioactivity of their compounds, for example, Huperzine A, has been widely demonstrated [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B247">247</xref>
]. Members of the citrus family (<italic>Citrus </italic>
spp) are well-known calmatives [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B248">248</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B253">253</xref>
]. <italic>Valeriana </italic>
spp. are well known and proven antidepressants and are widely used as mild sedative [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B174">174</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B243">243</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B244">244</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B254">254</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B273">274</xref>
]. The genus is used for the same purpose in Northern Peru. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B274">275</xref>
] reported on the use of <italic>Mikania</italic>
sp. Lastly, a multitude of species is used in Northern Peru for their psychoactive properties. Traditionally, coastal as well as Amazonian cultures employed hallucinogenic snuffs, often derived from <italic>Anadenanthera</italic>
sp. or<italic> Virola </italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B275">276</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B280">281</xref>
]. However, the use of hallucinogenic snuffs has all but disappeared from the region [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B157">157</xref>
].</p>
<p>Many Solanaceae have been used in traditional medicine for millennia and maintain still high ritual importance. However, in many cases, these plants are only used as “plants of last resort,” because the local healers are well aware of their toxicity. <italic>Brugmansia</italic>
spp. and <italic>Datura </italic>
spp. are sometimes added to mixtures of San Pedro cactus and Tobacco juice and inhaled through the nostrils or are added to cleansing baths. The bioactivity of the alkaloids contained in this species is well documented [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B281">282</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B297">298</xref>
]. Plowman [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B298">299</xref>
] reported on the use of <italic>Brunfelsia</italic>
sp. as hallucinogens. <italic>Nicotiana tabacum </italic>
and<italic> N. rustica </italic>
still have wide ceremonial importance in the Native American as well as Andean communities, and both species can have profound psychoactive effects in high dosage [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B299">300</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B304">305</xref>
].</p>
<p>The most widely known neuroactive species in South America is probably the San Pedro cactus (<italic>Echinocereus pachanoi</italic>
), an ingredient of almost every healing ceremony along the coast between Ecuador and Bolivia, and also widely employed in the highlands. Mescaline, the main active compound, has previously been used in western psychotherapy but was subsequently banned. The effect of San Pedro concoctions or isolated compounds is widely reported [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">47</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B305">306</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B314">315</xref>
]. Ayahuasca (<italic>Banisteriopsis caapi</italic>
) however is more widely used for spiritual experiences, and its central nervous system activity is well documented [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B315">316</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B322">323</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.2"><title>5.3.2. Respiratory System</title>
<p>The WHO reports that respiratory illnesses are of high importance as a cause of death and morbidity at a global scale. WHO elaborated a Strategy for Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRDs), [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B323">324</xref>
], and respiratory problems are a major cause for infant deaths in Peru [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B324">325</xref>
].</p>
<p>A total of 91 plant species belonging to 82 genera and 48 families were documented and identified as respiratory system herbal remedies in Northern Peru. Most species used were Asteraceae (15 species, 16.67%), followed by Lamiaceae and Fabaceae (8.89% and 5.56%). Most other families contributed only one species each to the pharmacopoeia. The most important families are clearly similarly well represented in comparison to the overall medicinal flora, although some other medicinally important families (e.g., Euphorbiaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Cucurbitaceae) are completely missing from the respiratory portfolio [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B125">125</xref>
].</p>
<p>The majority of respiratory disorder herbal preparations were prepared from the leaves of plants (27.69%), while the whole plant (18.46%), flowers (13.85%), and stems (17.69%) were used less frequently [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B125">125</xref>
]. This indicates that the local healers count on a very well developed knowledge about the properties of different plant parts. In almost 55% of the cases, fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs little from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. About 86% of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones were applied topically. Over half of all remedies were prepared as mixtures of multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit.</p>
<p>Respiratory disorders are so common globally, and over-the counter remedies, both allopathic and complementary, so frequently sold, that much effort has been put into the verification of traditional remedies. Almost 50% of the plants found in the respiratory pharmacopoeia of Northern Peru or their congeners have been studied for their medicinal properties. The original hypothesis that many species employed for respiratory illnesses would be nonnative, introduced to treat diseases that were originally also introduced by colonialists, did not hold; however, Quite contrarily, many remedies for respiratory ailments are native to the study area [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B125">125</xref>
]. From this perspective, it is surprising to see how many species have actually been studied at least preliminarily. Biella et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B325">326</xref>
] report on the activity in an extract of <italic>Alternanthera</italic>
. Braga et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B326">327</xref>
] worked on <italic>Schinus molle</italic>
. Other examples include <italic>Apium graveolens</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B327">328</xref>
], <italic>Acmella</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B328">329</xref>
], <italic>Clibadium</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B329">330</xref>
], <italic>Eupatorium</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B330">331</xref>
], <italic>Flaveria</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B331">332</xref>
], <italic>Perezia</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B332">333</xref>
], <italic>Senecio</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B333">334</xref>
], <italic>Tagetes</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B334">335</xref>
], <italic>Alnus</italic>
and <italic>Sambucus</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B335">336</xref>
], <italic>Jacaranda</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B336">337</xref>
], <italic>Raphanus</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B337">338</xref>
], <italic>Cordia</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B338">339</xref>
], <italic>Scabiosa</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B339">340</xref>
] <italic>Bursera</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B340">341</xref>
], <italic>Erythroxylum</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B341">342</xref>
], <italic>Myroxylon</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B342">343</xref>
], <italic>Prosopis</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B343">344</xref>
], <italic>Lavandula</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B333">334</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B344">345</xref>
], <italic>Cinchona</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B287">288</xref>
], <italic>Juglans</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B345">346</xref>
], <italic>Uncaria</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B346">347</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B347">348</xref>
], <italic>Cymbopogon</italic>
and <italic>Cinnamomum</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B348">349</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B349">350</xref>
], <italic>Plantago</italic>
and <italic>Eucalyptus</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B350">351</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B351">352</xref>
], <italic>Malva</italic>
and <italic>Alcea</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B352">353</xref>
] <italic>Dracaena</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B353">354</xref>
], <italic>Allium</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B354">355</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B356">357</xref>
], <italic>Rubus</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B357">358</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B358">359</xref>
], <italic>Stachys</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B359">360</xref>
], <italic>Satureja</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B334">335</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B360">361</xref>
], <italic>Salvia</italic>
p. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B361">362</xref>
], and <italic>Thymus</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B350">351</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.3"><title>5.3.3. Urinary System (Kidneys, Bladder)</title>
<p>The recent WHO report on urinary tract infections (UTI) indicates that UTI are one of the most common bacterial infections seen, in particular in children. It has been estimated that UTI are diagnosed in 1% of boys and 3–8% of girls. In the first year of life, UTI is more prevalent in boys with rates of 2.7% compared with 0.7% in girls. The reported rate of recurrent UTI is around 12–30% with risk greater in infants <6 months, severe vesicoureteric reflux, and abnormal nuclear renal scans at time of first infection [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B362">363</xref>
].</p>
<p>Studies have shown a higher UTI prevalence of 8–35% in malnourished children, with the risk of bacteriuria increasing significantly with the severity of malnutrition [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B362">363</xref>
].</p>
<p>A total of 69 plant species belonging to 61 genera and 43 families were documented and identified as herbal remedies for kidney and urinary tract problems in Northern Peru. Most species used were Asteraceae (8 species, 11.43%), followed by Fabaceae and Poaceae (both 5 species, 7.14%). All other families mostly contributed only one species each to the pharmacopoeia. The most important families are represented similarly as in the overall medicinal flora, while some other medicinally important families (e.g., Lycopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae) are completely missing from the kidney portfolio [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>The majority of kidney herbal preparations were prepared from the whole plant (27.78%), while the leaves of plants (25.56%), flowers (12.22%) and stems (16.67%) were used less frequently [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. This indicates that the local healers count on a very well developed knowledge about the properties of different plant parts. In almost 64% of the cases fresh, plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs little from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. About 88% of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones were applied topically. Over half of all remedies were prepared as mixtures of multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit.</p>
<p>Kidney and urinary system problems are very common globally, but allopathic treatments, in particular with regard to renal calculi, are mostly focused on dilation of the ureter, and pain management. Although a large number of plants are used in traditional medicine to treat this problem, less than 35% of the plants found in Peru or their congeners have been studied for their medicinal properties. Kim et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B194">194</xref>
] report on the kidney-protective effects of <italic>Brassica</italic>
root extract. Efficacy in <italic>Smallanthus sonchifolius</italic>
and <italic>Lepidium meyenii</italic>
, both neglected Andean crops, and the latter very frequently sold in the herbal supplement industry [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. Other medicinals with positive effects on the urinary system that were at least exposed to some preliminary research were <italic>Aloe</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B363">364</xref>
], <italic>Annona</italic>
and <italic>Citrus</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B364">365</xref>
], <italic>Dioscorea</italic>
and <italic>Hydrocotyle</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B365">366</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B366">367</xref>
], and <italic>Plantago</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B367">368</xref>
]. Lans [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B368">369</xref>
] published a long list of remedies for kidney problems from research in Trinidad and Tobago. <italic>Arctium lappa</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B369">370</xref>
], <italic>Zea mays</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B370">371</xref>
], many species of <italic>Equisetum</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B370">371</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B371">372</xref>
], and especially species of <italic>Phyllanthus</italic>
and <italic>Tribulus</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B372">373</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B373">374</xref>
] have shown efficacy in urolithiasis. The main problem from a patient perspective lies however in the fact that many species, for example, of <italic>Phyllanthus</italic>
, are highly similar, while only a few display the desired effect.</p>
<p>Kidney and urinary tract diseases are a major health challenge worldwide. Many plant species are traditionally used for kidney disease treatment, and some have been investigated for their efficacy with positive results. An often-limiting factor to these investigations is lack of comprehensive ethnobotanical data to help choose plant candidates for potency/efficacy tests. Since the plant parts utilized in preparation of kidney remedies are reported in this survey, it serves as an indication of species that may need further ecological assessment on their regeneration status.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.4"><title>5.3.4. Rheumatic Problems</title>
<p>The National Institutes of Health (NIH) reports that an estimated 23.5 million Americans suffer from autoimmune diseases and that this number is expected to grow. Medical research has currently identified 80–100 autoimmune diseases, and 40 additional diseases are suspected to have an autoimmune basis. Autoimmune diseases collectively rank in the top ten leading causes of death for women aged from adolescents up to age 64. In Western medicine, the most common treatments are immunosuppressants, which are known to have devastating long-term side effects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B374">375</xref>
].</p>
<p>The housing conditions already described, as well as difficult working conditions, lead to a wide spectrum of muscular-skeletal disorders, including rheumatism, arthritis, and bone and muscle pain. A total of 55 plant species belonging to 53 genera and 43 families were documented and identified as autoimmune herbal remedies in Northern Peru. Most species used were Fabaceae (4 species, 7.27%), followed by Rosaceae and Myrtaceae (both 3 species, 5.45%). All other families contributed only one or two species each. The most important families are clearly overrepresented in comparison to the overall medicinal flora, while some other medicinally important families (e.g., Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apiaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Cucurbitaceae) are less commonly used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and pain or are completely missing from the portfolio [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>The majority of the herbal preparations were prepared from the leaves of plants (35%), while the whole plant (21.25%) and stems (17.5%) were used less frequently [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. This indicates that the local healers count on a very well-developed knowledge about the properties of different plant parts. In 60% of the cases fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs little from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. Only about 55% of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones were applied topically. This is little different from the regional average of application. Over half of all remedies were prepared as mixtures of multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit.</p>
<p>Very little western scientific evidence exists to prove the efficacy of the species employed as remedies in Northern Peru to treat autoimmune problems. Less than a pitiful 22% of the plants found or their congeners have been studied at all for their medicinal properties. Garlic (<italic>Allium sativum</italic>
) is probably the most widely studied immunomodulating plants, and scientific evidence for its efficacy is quite common [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B352">353</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B375">376</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B380">381</xref>
]. Likewise, the widely marketed cat's claw (<italic>Uncaria guianensis</italic>
), widely overharvested, and often falsified [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
] has been studied intensively [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B381">382</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B384">385</xref>
], and the simple stinging nettle (<italic>Urtica dioica</italic>
) long used as anti-inflammatory in many traditional medicine systems has been proven to show efficacy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B383">384</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B385">386</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B391">392</xref>
]. In the Middle East, Ratheesh et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B392">393</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B393">394</xref>
] successfully showed activity in (<italic>Ruta graveolens</italic>
). However, these studies are rare examples of in-depth assessments of a few well-known species. Few other plants have seen much research on their immunoregulating activity. <italic>Alternanthera tenella</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B325">326</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B394">395</xref>
], <italic>Baccharis </italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B395">396</xref>
], <italic>Spartium junceum</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B396">397</xref>
], <italic>Pinus</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B397">398</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B398">399</xref>
], and <italic>Plantago</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B350">351</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B399">400</xref>
] are some few exceptions. This is the more surprising as arthroid diseases are very common, and hardly any study has been attempted to cover the properties of a wider range of species as alternative to allopathic for treatment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B400">401</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B403">404</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.5"><title>5.3.5. Internal Organs (Liver, Gallbladder)</title>
<p>Disorders of internal organs fall far behind the most commonly treated medical conditions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. This is an indication that <italic>curanderos</italic>
in Northern Peru are to a large extent specializing in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders and that “bodily” illnesses are treated more as a sideline. However, a large number of plant species were used by local healers to treat liver and gallbladder ailments.</p>
<p>A total of 51 plant species belonging to 43 genera and 31 families were documented and identified as liver and gallbladder herbal remedies in Northern Peru. Most species used were Asteraceae (9 species, 17.66%), followed by Euphorbiaceae (4 species, 7.85%) and Gentianaceae (3 species, 5.89%). All other families contributed only one or two species each to the pharmacopoeia. Asteraceae are clearly over-represented in comparison to the overall medicinal flora, while some other medicinally important families (e.g., Solanaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Rosaceae) are completely missing from the liver ailment portfolio [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>The majority of herbal preparations employed for liver ailments were prepared from the whole plants (35.38%), while the leaves (24.61%), flowers (9.23%), and stems (12.32%) were used less frequently. Whole plants were more often used than characteristic for the overall medicinal preparations found in the region, while stems of plants were employed much less frequently [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. This indicates that the local healers have a less well-developed knowledge about the constituents of individual plant parts in the case of liver and gallbladder treatments than for other applications [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. In almost 65% of the cases, fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs little from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. Most of the remedies were applied orally (over 90%), while the remaining ones were applied topically. This is highly different from the regional average of application. Over 71% of all remedies were prepared as mixtures with multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit. This indicates that the local healers have a very profound knowledge about the synergistic effects of plants in multi-ingredient preparations.</p>
<p>Almost no scientific evidence exists to date to prove the efficacy of the species employed as liver and gallbladder remedies in Northern Peru. Only 8% of the plants found or related species in the same genus have been studied at all. <italic>Spartium junceum</italic>
, <italic>Malva</italic>
spp., and <italic>Plantago</italic>
spp. are used in liver ailments [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B404">405</xref>
], but no other species found in Northern Peru have been shown to be effective against these conditions.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.6"><title>5.3.6. Diarrhea, Stomach Problems, and Other Intestinal Ailments</title>
<p>Foodborne diseases are a serious public health problem worldwide. Some foodborne diseases are well recognized but have recently become more common. Outbreaks of salmonellosis have been reported for decades, but, within the past 25 years, the disease has increased in incidence on many continents. While cholera has devastated much of Asia and Africa for years, its introduction for the first time in almost a century on the South American continent in 1991 makes it another example of an infectious disease that is both well recognized and emerging. While cholera is often waterborne, many foods also transmit infection. Infection with <italic>Escherichia coli </italic>
serotype O157:H7 (<italic>E. coli</italic>
) was first described in 1982. Subsequently, it has emerged rapidly as a major cause of bloody diarrhea and acute renal failure. Outbreaks of infection, generally associated with beef, have been reported in Australia, Canada, Japan, United States, in various European countries, and in southern Africa [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B405">406</xref>
].</p>
<p>A total of 75 plant species belonging to 62 genera and 39 families were documented and identified as herbal remedies for intestinal ailments in Northern Peru. Most species used were Lamiaceae (13.33%), followed by Asteraceae and Rutaceae (both 5 species, 6.67%). Most other families contributed only one species each to the pharmacopoeia. The most important anti-infectious families are clearly over-represented in comparison to the overall medicinal flora, while some other medicinally important families (e.g., Asteraceae) are much less important [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>The majority of anti-infectious herbal preparations were prepared from the leaves of plants (29.25%), the whole plant (22.64%), and stems (16.04%). This indicates that the local healers count on a very well developed knowledge about the properties of different plant parts. In almost 60% of the cases fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs little from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. Interestingly, only about 83% of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones were applied topically. Over half of all remedies were prepared as mixtures of multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit.</p>
<p>Large parts of the species used for intestinal disorders in Northern Peru are introductions from other parts of the world, especially Europe. Many of these are well known, and almost 50% of the plants found in this study have shown efficacy in scientific studies.</p>
<p>A large number of Apiaceae are used for their stomach calming and antibacterial effects (e.g., <italic>Apium graveolens</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B406">407</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B407">408</xref>
]; <italic>Foeniculum vulgare</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B408">409</xref>
]; and <italic>Pimpinella anisum</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B409">410</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B411">412</xref>
]. Coconut (<italic>Cocos nucifera</italic>
) showed antiulcerogenic activity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B412">413</xref>
], as did Yarrow (<italic>Achillea millefolium</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B413">414</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B414">415</xref>
], as well as <italic>Arctium lappa </italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B415">416</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B417">418</xref>
]. Schütz et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B418">419</xref>
], H.-G. Grigoleit and P. Grigoleit [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B419">420</xref>
], and You et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B420">421</xref>
] reported that <italic>Taraxacum officinale</italic>
(Dandelion) relieved oxidative stress and has gastroprotective effects and <italic>Capsella bursa-pastoris</italic>
is well known for its antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective function [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B421">422</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B423">424</xref>
]. Well-known medicinal plants, for example, <italic>Hypericum</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B424">425</xref>
], <italic>Croton lechleri</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B425">426</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B426">427</xref>
], and <italic>Desmodium gangeticum</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B427">428</xref>
], also have antiulcer activity. <italic>Hyptis pectinata</italic>
showed hepatoprotective activity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B428">429</xref>
].</p>
<p>Lamiaceae were particularly effective against gastrointestinal problems. <italic>Mentha piperita</italic>
showed antibacterial and calmative effects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B429">430</xref>
], while <italic>Origanum vulgare</italic>
and<italic> Origanum majorana</italic>
had pronounced antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B430">431</xref>
]. Rosemary (<italic>Rosmarinus officinalis</italic>
) has potential to relieve oxidative stress and is strongly antibacterial [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B431">432</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B434">435</xref>
]. Kawagishi et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B435">436</xref>
] found strong liver-protective activity in Avocado (<italic>Persea americana</italic>
), and Khasina et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B436">437</xref>
] reported gastro-protective effects of Duckweed (<italic>Lemna minor</italic>
). A variety of Lythraceae is also well known for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as studies in the Americas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B432">433</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B437">438</xref>
], and the Near- and Middle East [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B437">438</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B439">440</xref>
] indicate.</p>
<p>Maity et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B440">441</xref>
], Yadav and Bhatnagar [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B441">442</xref>
], and Chaturvedi et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B442">443</xref>
] demonstrated the efficacy of Indian spices as gastroprotective agents. <italic>Passiflora</italic>
sp. as well as <italic>Piper </italic>
sp. and rice (<italic>Oryza </italic>
sativa) were found to demonstrate strong anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B410">411</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B443">444</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B447">448</xref>
]. Only recently antiinflammatory activity of <italic>Citrus</italic>
sp., and <italic>Ruta graveolens </italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B448">449</xref>
] was demonstrated and even plants that have long been used in codified traditional medicine for their gastro-protective function has only been studied in detail during the last few years, for example, pomegranate (<italic>Punica granatum</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B449">450</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B453">454</xref>
] and green tea (<italic>Camellia sinensis</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B545">455</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B456">456</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.7"><title>5.3.7. Reproductive Problems and Female Health</title>
<p>According to 1999 WHO estimates reproductive problems, including, 340 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted diseases (STIs; syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis) occur annually throughout the world in adults aged 15–49 years. In developing countries, STIs and their complications rank in the top five disease categories for which adults seek health care. Infection with STIs can lead to acute symptoms, chronic infection and serious delayed consequences such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, and the untimely death of infants and adults [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B457">457</xref>
].</p>
<p>A total of 105 plant species belonging to 91 genera and 62 families were documented and identified as herbal remedies for reproductive problems in Northern Peru. Most species used were Asteraceae (9.52%), followed by Lamiaceae and Fabaceae (8.57% and 6.67%). Other families were less important, and 44 contributed only one species each to the pharmacopoeia. The most important families are clearly represented very similarly to their overall importance in the local pharmacopoeia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>The majority of herbal preparations for reproductive issues were prepared from the leaves of plants (22.72%), the whole plant (21.97%), and stems (21.21%), while other plant parts were used much less frequently. This indicates that the local healers count on a very well developed knowledge about the properties of different plant parts. In almost 62% of the cases, fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs little from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. Over 70% of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones were applied topically. Many remedies were prepared as mixtures of multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit.</p>
<p>Little scientific evidence exists to prove the efficacy of the species employed as reproductive disorder remedies in Northern Peru. Only 34% of the plants found or their congeners have been studied at all for their medicinal properties. <italic>Aloe</italic>
spp. are known to have oestrogenic activity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B368">369</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B458">458</xref>
]. Adams and Garcia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B459">459</xref>
] reported that <italic>Artemisia</italic>
spp. had effects on female health amongst the Chumash. A variety of other Asteraceae have been shown to be used against menopausal symptoms (<italic>Clibadium</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B75">75</xref>
]; <italic>Matricaria</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B361">362</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B460">460</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B461">461</xref>
]; <italic>Taraxacum</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B462">462</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B463">463</xref>
]). Lans [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B368">369</xref>
] found hormonal effects in <italic>Cordia</italic>
sp., while [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B463">463</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B467">467</xref>
] reported on anti-fertility effects of <italic>Dioscorea </italic>
sp. <italic>Cupressus</italic>
sp. are well known abortifacients [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B468">468</xref>
], while pumpkin seed oil showed testosterone-inhibitory effects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B368">369</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B469">469</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B471">471</xref>
]. <italic>Chamaesyce</italic>
sp. showed promise in the treatment of male infertility, while <italic>Mimosa</italic>
sp. on the contrary are used to reduce spermal fertility [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B368">369</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B472">472</xref>
].</p>
<p>A wide range of Lamiaceae have been shown to exhibit contraceptive efficacy, and the same species are used in Peru for similar purposes (<italic>Mentha</italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B473">473</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B476">476</xref>
]; <italic>Ocimum</italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B477">477</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B480">480</xref>
]; <italic>Origanum majorana</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B476">476</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B481">481</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B482">482</xref>
]; <italic>Rosmarinus officinalis</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B472">472</xref>
]). Similar efficacy has been shown for <italic>Sanguisorba officinalis </italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B483">483</xref>
], and <italic>Ruta graveolens</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B368">369</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B484">484</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B487">487</xref>
].</p>
<p>Various species of <italic>Passiflora</italic>
have aphrodisiac activity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B488">488</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B491">491</xref>
], and <italic>Myristica fragrans</italic>
as well as <italic>Syzygium aromaticum</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B492">492</xref>
], and extracts of <italic>Lantana camara</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B493">493</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B494">494</xref>
] and <italic>Pilea</italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B368">369</xref>
] fulfil the same purpose, while <italic>Portulaca oleracea</italic>
showed efficacy in relieving uterine bleeding [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B495">495</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B496">496</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.8"><title>5.3.8. Heart and Circulatory System</title>
<p>Cardiovascular diseases are collectively the number one cause of death on the globe, accounting for over 30% of all deaths worldwide, 80% of which occur in lower income countries with often little western healthcare available. Lower income groups have generally a higher prevalence of risk factors [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B158">158</xref>
]. Traditional Medicine is used globally and has rapidly growing economic importance. In developing countries.</p>
<p>Traditional healers are frequently consulted to treat heart problems and disorders of the circulatory system. The healers encountered used a wide variety of terms relating to heart problems, that in part generalized the condition (e.g., “heart disease”), included references to conditions as underlying cause of heart problems (e.g., “cholesterol”), or simply used terms to indicated treatment options (e.g., “blood irrigation” as term referring to “thin” a patients blood, “blood purification,” or “refreshing the heart” as terms indicating a process cleansing the blood from suspected toxins, or “blood circulation,” indicating a treatment that would improve circulation). The use of western style biomedicinal terms is not surprising, given that all informants were of Mestizo origin and lived in an urban environment.</p>
<p>Most treatments of the circulatory system involved the purification of the blood in order to improve the general condition of the patient. In addition, the fashionable concept of “weight management” and conditions related to obesity has entered into the domain of Peruvian healers. All healers readily acknowledge the negative influence of high cholesterol levels, and plant remedies were used specifically to lower cholesterol as well as weight loss therapies, while plants used for weight gain were insignificant.</p>
<p>A total of 60 plant species belonging to 52 genera and 33 families were documented and identified as heart herbal remedies in Northern Peru. Most species used were Asteraceae (7 species, 11.67%), followed by Lamiaceae (6 species, 10%), and Solanaceae (4 species, 6.67%). Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Cucurbitaceae each contributed 3 species (5%) to the heart pharmacopoeia. All other twenty-seven families contributed only one or two species each to the pharmacopoeia. Asteraceae are in general under-represented as heart remedies in comparison to the medicinal flora used in Northern Peru; Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae are clearly over-represented in comparison to the overall medicinal flora, while some other medicinally important families (e.g., Poaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Rosaceae) are completely missing from the heart portfolio [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>The majority of heart remedies were prepared from whole plants (37.18%), while the leaves (24.36%), stems (15.38%), and flowers (7.69%) were used less frequently. Whole plants were more often used than characteristic for the overall medicinal preparations found in the region [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. In almost 70% of the cases, fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs little from the main herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. Over 90% of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones were applied topically. This is very different from the regional average of application. Over 65% of all remedies were prepared as mixtures with multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit. This indicates that the local healers have a very profound knowledge about the synergistic effects of plants in multi-ingredient preparations.</p>
<p>Little scientific evidence exists to date to prove the efficacy of the species employed as heart remedies in Northern Peru. Only 33% of the plants found or related species in the same genus have been studied at all. <italic>Ambrosia</italic>
sp. shows some promise in the treatment of myocardial infarction [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B497">497</xref>
]. <italic>Citrullus</italic>
spp., <italic>Sanguisorba </italic>
sp., <italic>Viola</italic>
sp., <italic>Lavandula</italic>
sp., and <italic>Smilax</italic>
spp. are used in the Middle East to treat heart problems [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B209">209</xref>
] the latter species are with good indications for clinical efficacy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B498">498</xref>
]. <italic>Cucurbita</italic>
spp. and <italic>Cuphea</italic>
spp. were found that to be effective in Brazil [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B499">499</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B500">500</xref>
]. The use and efficacy of <italic>Lathyrus</italic>
sp., is widely documented [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B501">501</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B505">505</xref>
]. Lev [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B506">506</xref>
] found <italic>Tamarindus</italic>
sp., <italic>Ocimum </italic>
spp., <italic>Viola </italic>
sp. and<italic> Rosmarinus officinalis</italic>
are used for heart conditions in Israel. Plantain (<italic>Plantago</italic>
spp.) has well documented cardiac effects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B507">507</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B508">508</xref>
], as do various species of <italic>Citrus</italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B397">398</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B509">509</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B510">510</xref>
], while <italic>Peperomia</italic>
spp. and <italic>Passiflora</italic>
spp. are often employed as folk remedies in the Caribbean [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B368">369</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.9"><title>5.3.9. Inflammation and Bacterial Infections</title>
<p>Bacterial infections and inflammation are among the ailments responsible for a large number of deaths worldwide and are often treated by traditional healers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B125">125</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B511">511</xref>
].</p>
<p>A total of 96 plant species belonging to 84 genera and 46 families were documented and identified as anti-infective herbal remedies in Northern Peru. Twenty percent of the species were introductions, while 80% belonged to the native flora of Peru. Most species used belong to Asteraceae (18.95%), followed by Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae (7.37% and 5.26%). Most other families contributed only one species each to the pharmacopoeia. The most important anti-infectious families were over-represented in comparison to the overall medicinal flora, while some other medicinally important families (e.g., Lycopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae) are completely missing from the anti-infective portfolio.</p>
<p>The majority of herbal preparations were prepared from the leaves of plants (31.34%), while the whole plant (18.66%), flowers (12.69%), and stems (17.16%) were used less frequently. In almost 67% of the cases, fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies. Only about 55% of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones were applied topically. Over half of all remedies were prepared as mixtures of multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit.</p>
<p>Infections, in particular by strains of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus,</italic>
are very common, and increasingly difficult to treat, due to widespread formation of drug resistance. Fungal infections, due to the structure of the organisms involved, have always been a hard task to treat. Given the high importance of infections, it is not surprising that anti-infective agents are high on the list for drug development, and a large number of species used traditionally have undergone screening. Almost 43% of the plants used in Northern Peru to treat infections or their congeners have been studied for their medicinal properties, and the respective references are given in the following section. Biella et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B325">326</xref>
] reported on the antibacterial efficacy of <italic>Alternanthera tenella</italic>
. Mango (<italic>Mangifera indica</italic>
) has shown antibacterial efficacy in a wide variety of studies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B512">512</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B515">515</xref>
]. Compounds of <italic>Schinus molle</italic>
showed anti-inflammatory activity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B516">516</xref>
]. Oleandrin, isolated from <italic>Nerium oleander</italic>
, was found to be active in inhibiting the kappa-B inflammation cascade [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B517">517</xref>
]. Rinaldi et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B518">518</xref>
] showed anti-inflammatory activity in <italic>Cocos nucifera</italic>
. Chinese traditional preparations like Guizhi-Fuling, containing <italic>Cinnamomum vulgare</italic>
, have shown anti-inflammatory activity also [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B519">519</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B522">522</xref>
]. A wide range of Asteraceae have strong anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Benedek and Kopp [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B523">523</xref>
] and Nemeth and Bernath [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B524">524</xref>
] found anti-infective potential in Yarrow (<italic>Achillea millefolium</italic>
). Many species of <italic>Baccharis</italic>
proved effective [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B525">525</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B526">526</xref>
], as did <italic>Bidens pilosa</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B527">527</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B529">529</xref>
]. Other efficacious members of the sunflower family include <italic>Eupatorium</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B530">530</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B534">534</xref>
], <italic>Matricaria recutita</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B535">535</xref>
], <italic>Tagetes patula</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B536">536</xref>
], and <italic>Taraxacum officinale</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B429">430</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B537">537</xref>
]. <italic>Capsella bursa-pastoris</italic>
was found to act as anti-inflammatory [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B421">422</xref>
], while <italic>Dioscorea</italic>
was found to have immunostimulating properties [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B538">538</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B539">539</xref>
]. Zhang et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B540">540</xref>
] reported pain-relieving properties in <italic>Gaultheria yunnanensis</italic>
. Jones [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B426">427</xref>
] found antibacterial activity in <italic>Croton lechleri</italic>
(Sangre de drago). Other examples for plants with anti-bacterial potential found in Peru include <italic>Manihot esculenta</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B541">541</xref>
], <italic>Solanum nigrum</italic>
and <italic>Ricinus communis</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B542">542</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B543">543</xref>
], <italic>Solanum</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B544">544</xref>
], <italic>Caesalpinia</italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B545">455</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B546">545</xref>
], <italic>Mezoneuron benthamianum</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B547">546</xref>
], <italic>Desmodium triflorum </italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B548">547</xref>
], <italic>Leucaena leucocephala</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B549">548</xref>
], and Red clover (<italic>Trifolium pratense</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B550">549</xref>
]. Salvinorin A, extracted from <italic>Salvia</italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B551">550</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B553">552</xref>
] showed immunomodulatory properties. Other Lamiaceae with antiinfective compounds include <italic>Satureja hortensis</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B554">553</xref>
]. <italic>Buddleja</italic>
spp. were found to be mainly antiinflammatory and antioxidant [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B555">554</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B556">555</xref>
]. <italic>Plantago</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B557">556</xref>
], <italic>Cynodon dactylon</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B558">557</xref>
], <italic>Polypodium</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B559">558</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B561">559</xref>
] and <italic>Uncaria</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B562">560</xref>
], all commonly used in Peru, show cox-2 inhibition, and thus anti-inflammatory properties. Cat's claw (<italic>Uncaria tomentosa</italic>
) has long been marketed as traditional anticancer remedy, leading to serious over-harvesting and flooding of the market with adulterated material [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. Sandoval-Chacón et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B562">560</xref>
], Mur et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B382">383</xref>
], and Hardin [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B384">385</xref>
] could confirm antiinflammatory properties of the species. Calvo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B563">561</xref>
] and Speroni et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B564">562</xref>
] confirmed analgesic activity in <italic>Verbena</italic>
sp. A few plant groups have been studied more in depth. Rutaceae (<italic>Citrus</italic>
spp.) have proven antiinflammatory effect [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B565">563</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B568">567</xref>
], as did <italic>Gardenia</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B569">568</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B570">569</xref>
], while many species of <italic>Smilax</italic>
exhibit immunomodulatory effects [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B401">402</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B571">570</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B572b">572</xref>
]. Vargas et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B573">573</xref>
] found antiinflammatory properties in <italic>Passiflora alata</italic>
and <italic>Passiflora edulis.</italic>
</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.10"><title>5.3.10. Malaria and Fever</title>
<p>Malaria is still a major global public health problem in most tropical countries. It is thought that malaria is by far the most serious tropical disease causing one to two million deaths per year, and it plays a major role in the high mortality seen in infants and children [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B574">574</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B575">575</xref>
]. It is also responsible for miscarriages, premature deliveries, growth retardation, low birth weight, and anemia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B576">576</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B579">579</xref>
].</p>
<p>The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 2 billion people in over 100 countries are exposed to malaria, with 247 million cases in 2006 alone, and half of the world's population is potentially exposed to the disease [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B511">511</xref>
]. The worsening global economic situation makes it difficult to expand modern health services; hence, effective low-cost delivery medical system is urgently needed [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B574">574</xref>
].</p>
<p>This is even more pressing because the use and misuse of over the counter antimalaria remedies like chloroquine to prevent and treat <italic>falciparum</italic>
malaria have led to widespread appearance of resistant parasites [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B575">575</xref>
]. This is complicated by the fact that global warming may lead to expansion of areas in which the ambient temperature and climatic conditions are suitable for <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
transmission. Climatic variability has been associated with some of the recent epidemics [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B578">578</xref>
].</p>
<p>A total of 17 plant species belonging to 17 genera and 13 families were documented and identified as anti-malarial herbal remedies in Northern Peru. Most species used were Asteraceae (3 species, 17.66%), followed by Fabaceae and Solanaceae (both 2 species, 11.77%). All other families contributed only one species each to the pharmacopoeia. The most important antimalarial families are clearly over-represented in comparison to the overall medicinal flora, while some other medicinally important families (e.g., Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, and Apiaceae) are completely missing from the antimalarial portfolio [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. In the context of the questionnaires, healers and venders often referred to “Fever” when talking about malaria. Fever however included a variety of conditions, from fevers accompanying flu to fever as a result of malaria. Malaria was recognized as a parasitic infection, and treated accordingly, while other plant species were used to treat fever as a symptom, mainly focusing on lowering body temperature.</p>
<p>The majority of anti-malarial herbal preparations were prepared from the leaves of plants (38.46%), while the whole plant (26.92%), flowers (15.38%), and stems (11.54%) were used less frequently. Leaves and stems were used more often for malaria treatments than would have been expected in comparison to the overall medicinal preparations found in the region, while seeds of plants were employed much less frequently and other plant parts not at all [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. This indicates that the local healers count on a very well developed knowledge about the properties of different plant parts. In almost 70% of the cases, fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs little from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. Interestingly, only about 55% of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones were applied topically. This is little different from the regional average of application. Over half of all remedies were prepared as mixtures of multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit.</p>
<p>The very limited number of plants employed at the Peruvian coast to treat malaria and fevers might on a first glance surprise, if compared to studies from other regions of the country [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B580">580</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B581">581</xref>
]. However, malaria has always been of relatively minor importance in the coastal desert areas, and thus it is not surprising that few remedies are employed. There are indications that health practices are in the process of changing, and traditional healers start to treat a patient with prepared western remedies (e.g., Aspirin, Primaquine, Malaraquin, or Lariam), although plant preparations are still important [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B125">125</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B129">129</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B130">130</xref>
].</p>
<p>Little scientific evidence exists to prove the efficacy of the species employed as malaria remedies in Northern Peru. Only 41% of the plants found or their congeners have been studied at all for their medicinal properties. <italic>Sambucus</italic>
spp. are known to be used against malaria in Trinidad [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B582">582</xref>
], and Stowers et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B583">583</xref>
] showed antiplasmodial activity in an extract of a species of the genus. <italic>Hypericum</italic>
spp. are traditionally used in Southern Peru to treat malaria [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B584">584</xref>
], while various species of <italic>Ipomoea</italic>
are used in Africa [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B585">585</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B588">588</xref>
] and the Philippines [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B589">589</xref>
]. The genus <italic>Salix</italic>
is well known as a source of Acetylsalicylic acid, widely used as analgesic and antipyretic. A wide variety of Solanaceae, including species of the genera <italic>Cestrum</italic>
and <italic>Solanum</italic>
, are widely used as mosquito repellents or as larvicidels [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B473">473</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B590">590</xref>
], or are traditionally used as malaria treatment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B582">582</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B586">586</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B587">587</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B591">591</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B595">595</xref>
], while <italic>Verbena</italic>
sp. is known as anti-malarial from Ethiopia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B594">594</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.3.11"><title>5.3.11. Cancer and Tumors</title>
<p>Forty-seven plant species belonging to 42 genera and 30 families were used by curanderos in Northern Peru to treat cancerous conditions and diabetes symptoms. Most species used were Asteraceae (9 species, 19.15%), followed by Gentianaceae (3 species, 6.37%), and 7 families with 2 species each (4.25%). All other families contributed only one species each to the pharmacopoeia. Asteraceae as the most important anticancer and antidiabetic family is clearly over-represented in comparison to the overall medicinal flora, while most other medicinally important families are either under-represented or completely missing from the portfolio [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>The majority of anti-cancer and anti-diabetic herbal preparations were prepared from the leaves of plants (30.77%), while the whole plant (20%), stems (20%), and flowers (6.15%) were used less frequently. Leaves and stems were more often used than characteristic for the overall medicinal preparations found in the region, while whole plants were employed less frequently [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. This indicates that the local healers count on a very well developed knowledge about the properties of different plant parts. In almost 60% of the cases fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs little from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. Over 90% of the remedies were applied orally, while the remaining ones were applied topically. This is significantly different from the regional average of application. More than 50% of the remedies included multiple plants.</p>
<p>Little scientific evidence exists to date to prove the efficacy of the species employed as anti-cancer and anti-diabetic remedies in Northern Peru. Only 38.71% of the plants found as diabetes treatments and 17.65% employed as anti-cancer remedies or related species in the same genus have been studied at all. <italic>Schinus molle</italic>
is well known for the treatment of diabetes in Bolivia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B596">596</xref>
] and showed promise against cancer in Brazil [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B597">597</xref>
]. <italic>Thevetia peruviana </italic>
and <italic>Arctium lappa</italic>
[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B598">598</xref>
] both showed promise in <italic>in vitro</italic>
cancer studies.</p>
<p>A wider variety of plants are used as diabetes treatments. <italic>Musa</italic>
sp. and<italic> Bidens</italic>
spp. are used for this purpose in the Caribbean and Peru [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B584">584</xref>
] and banana is also used in the Middle East [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B209">209</xref>
]. Mulberries (<italic>Morus </italic>
sp.) have been found as diabetes remedy both in the Mediterranean [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B209">209</xref>
]. <italic>Mimosa </italic>
sp. is a traditional diabetes remedy in India [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B593">593</xref>
], and the same author also reported on <italic>Annona</italic>
sp. and <italic>Aloe barbadensis </italic>
used for this purpose. <italic>Aloe</italic>
has indeed shown some efficacy for diabetes treatment [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B599">599</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B600">600</xref>
]. Johnson [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B601">601</xref>
] found that the Giksan used <italic>Achillea</italic>
sp. against diabetes. Bletter [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B584">584</xref>
] reported Cat's claw (<italic>Uncaria tomentosa</italic>
) as diabetes plant for the Ashaninka in Peru. <italic>Rubus</italic>
sp. is used as anti-diabetic in Nepal [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B602">602</xref>
], and <italic>Ficus </italic>
spp., <italic>Smilax</italic>
spp., and <italic>Olea europaea</italic>
have long been known as diabetes remedies in the Mediterranean and India [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B209">209</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B603">603</xref>
]. Olive has indeed shown to regulate glucose levels [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B604">604</xref>
]. Other studies refer to Artichokes (<italic>Cynara cardunculus</italic>
,) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B605">605</xref>
], Chickpeas (<italic>Cicer arietinum</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B606">606</xref>
], <italic>Ocimum</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B607">607</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B608">608</xref>
], <italic>Citrus </italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B609">609</xref>
], <italic>Phyllanthus </italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B610">610</xref>
], <italic>Ficus</italic>
spp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B611">611</xref>
], Ginger and Banana (<italic>Zingiber officinale</italic>
and <italic>Musa </italic>
x<italic> paradisiaca</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B612">612</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B613">613</xref>
], Walnut (<italic>Juglans regia</italic>
) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B209">209</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B604">604</xref>
], and <italic>Cestrum</italic>
sp. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B614">614</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.4"><title>5.4. Parts of Medicinal Plants Used and Mode of Application</title>
<p>Northern Peruvian <italic>curanderos</italic>
prefer to use either the leaves (in 25% of all uses) or the whole plant (24%) for the preparation of their remedies. In 19% of the cases, the stems of the plants were used, most commonly together with the leaves. Flowers (10%), seeds (7%), fruits and roots (4% each), bark (3%), fruit peel (2%), and latex and wood (1% each) were only used for a small number of preparations.</p>
<p>Almost two-thirds (64%) of the remedies employed in Northern Peru are prepared using fresh plant material. Many of the introduced species are cultivated in fields and gardens, but the majority of the indigenous species are collected wild. This indicates that a widespread system of plant collectors is needed to supply the fresh plant material needed in Traditional Medicine. Most healers agreed, however, that in most cases dried material could be used if fresh plants were not available. In 36% of all cases, the remedies were prepared using specifically dried plant material. Fresh material was not used in these situations.</p>
<p>Healers in Northern Peru often employ very sophisticated mixtures of a variety of plants in their treatments. The use of single species for treatments was rare. Most commonly, plant material was boiled in water, or in some cases in sugarcane alcohol (<italic>aguardiente</italic>
) to extract the active compounds. In some cases, plant material was macerated in cane alcohol or wine for longer periods of time before use.</p>
<p>The <italic>curanderos</italic>
all had strikingly exact recipes for treatment, with very specific quantities of plant material used to prepare remedies. These quantities did not differ greatly from one healer to another. Also, the amount of a specific remedy that was given to a patient was very similar among the different <italic>curanderos</italic>
.</p>
<p>The most frequent way to administer remedies was to prepare a decoction and ingest it orally (52% of all uses) followed by application as a poultice (38%, plant crushed and/or boiled, and applied). Seven percent of all plant uses entailed the preparation of a <italic>seguro</italic>
, a bottle or small flask filled with plant material along with various perfumes. This amulet has to be carried by the patient at all times, or it is placed in the house and used for periodic blessings. <italic>Seguros</italic>
contained anything from a handful to more than three-dozen different ingredients. In two percent of the plant uses, the material was employed to fabricate charms, and, in one percent of all applications, the plant material was burned as incense, with the smoke inhaled for treatment.</p>
<p>Many traditional healers rely on herbal preparations, often consisting of complex ingredients and with very specific preparations, to treat their patients' illnesses, rather than just employing single plant extracts. However, studies documenting these preparations and analyzing the composition of the mixtures are almost nonexistent. Most ethnobotanical studies to date document the “use” of single species, without asking the important question if the plants in question are really employed alone, or if they are in fact part of a more complex preparation. Cano and Volpato [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B615">615</xref>
] and Mur et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B382">383</xref>
] were amongst the first authors to respond to this challenge, and reported on plant mixtures employed in Cuba and the Middle East, and Vandebroek et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B616">616</xref>
] demonstrated the great complexity of plant preparations in the Dominican Republic. No information however was available for the very species rich Andean pharmacopoeia.</p>
<p>The present publication attempts to give a detailed overview on the herbal mixtures employed by traditional practitioners in Northern Peru and the specific applications they are used for, in order to provide a baseline for more in-depth studies on efficacy and safety of these preparations, as well as the possible applications in the public health system.</p>
<p>The investigation of plant mixtures used in traditional medicine in Northern Peru yielded a total of 974 herbal preparations used to treat 164 different afflictions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B127">127</xref>
]. The classification of diseases followed the curandero's terminology. To allow a better overview, the different disease concepts were grouped in more inclusive disease categories, according to their similarity. Psychosomatic disorders were the most outstanding afflictions treated with traditional herbal mixtures, with almost 30% of all recipes applied, followed by respiratory illnesses, female issues, kidney problems, and heart problems. <italic>Susto</italic>
(fright), problems of the nervous system, general systemic inflammation, and bronchitis together accounted for almost 25% of all remedies used. In many cases, healers used only one or two common mixtures to treat an illness. This degree of consensus between different healers shows great sophistication in the diagnosis and treatment of specific disorders. On the contrary, when it came to the treatment of unspecific disease categories like “inflammation” or “bronchitis,” every healer seemed to use her/his own specific mixture to treat the problem. This was particularly obvious in the treatment of neurological and psychosomatic problems, for which the majority of plants and mixtures were employed. Up to 49 different preparations were used to treat the same disease. This seems to indicate a high degree of experimentation that is still ongoing in order to find a working cure for unspecific symptoms, and that there is very little consent amongst the individual healers as which cure to employ. This low consensus, especially where spiritual and nervous system/psychosomatic aspects are involved, might also indicate that the individual healers are reluctant to exchange knowledge about their dedicated, specific, and guarded treatment methodology in these areas, while the knowledge about “simple” treatments is much more widespread.</p>
<p>Altogether, 330 plant species, representing almost 65% of the medicinal flora used in the region [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B127">127</xref>
], were applied in mixtures. Of these, 64 species (19.39%) were introductions, which falls within the range of introduced species as percentage of the whole medicinally used flora. Amongst the plants employed, Asteraceae expectedly stood out, and the number of species of this family used was comparable to the percentage of Asteraceae in the medicinal flora of the region [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. The overwhelming number of plant mixtures contained 2–7 different plant species, although, in the most extreme case, 27 distinct species were included. A large number of species appeared in various mixtures. The plant species for each mixture are listed in the order given by the <italic>curanderos</italic>
in order to express the importance of the individual species, rather than providing an alphabetical listing. For a detailed overview on quantities and parts of each plant use, see [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
].</p>
<p>The cluster analysis confirmed that mixtures used for applications like inflammations, infections, and blood purification, as well as cough, cold, bronchitis or other respiratory disorders, or urinary infection and kidney problems had similar floristic compositions. However, a few interesting clusters stood out Mixtures used for nervous system disorders, anxiety, and heart problems often had a similar composition, for example, as did mixtures for prostate and bladder problems; kidney problems, gallbladder disorders, diabetes, and cholesterol were treated with the same preparations as were rheumatic illnesses and asthma. Our research suggests that this indicates that the local healers have a very detailed understanding of disease concepts and are choosing their remedies very carefully based on what underlying cause they diagnose; that is, heart problems get treated differently if they are caused by stress, versus a physical agent. Kidney infections are treated differently from kidney problems linked to diabetes and/or obesity.</p>
<p>The floristic composition as well as the complex phytochemistry of traditional herbal mixtures remains woefully understudied. This is the more surprising as traditional one-plant one single-compound based drug discovery efforts have yielded very little results in the last decades and might in fact be an explanation as to why so many plant species that have been documented for a certain use are “inefficient” or “toxic” when introduced to clinical trials.</p>
<p>Our research indicates that a large number of plants used in traditional healing in Northern Peru are employed in often-sophisticated mixtures, rather than as individual plants. Peruvian <italic>curanderos</italic>
appear to employ very specific guidelines in the preparation of these cocktails and seem to have a clear understanding of disease concepts when they diagnose a patient, which in turn leads them to often apply specific mixtures for specific conditions. There seems to be a widespread exchange of knowledge about mixtures for treatment of bodily diseases, while mixtures for spiritual, nervous system, and psychosomatic disorders appear to be more closely guarded by the individual healers.</p>
<p>Traditional herbal mixtures, with their wealth of compound fragments and new compounds originating in the preparation process, could well yield new clues to the treatment of a wide variety of disease. The present paper provides detailed baseline information on composition and use of traditional mixtures in Northern Peru, and further studies to compare the compound composition of these preparations versus single plant extracts, as well as investigations comparing efficacy and toxicity of herbal preparations versus their single plant ingredients, are in progress.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.5"><title>5.5. Does Traditional Medicine Work? A Look at Antibacterials Used in Northern Peru</title>
<p>Plants with potential medicinal activity have recently come to the attention of Western scientists, and studies have reported that some are bioactive [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B617">617</xref>
]. Potentially active compounds have been isolated from a few of the plants tested [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B618">618</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B622">622</xref>
].</p>
<p>In order to evaluate the antibacterial activity of species used in TM in Northern Peru, 525 plant samples of at least 405 species were tested in simple agar-bioassays for antibacterial activity against <italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica typhi</italic>
, and <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic>
. A much larger number of ethanolic plant extracts showed any antibacterial activity compared to water extracts for all antibacterial activity. One-hundred ninety-three ethanolic extracts and 31 water extracts were active against <italic>S. aureus</italic>
. In twenty-one cases, only the water extract showed activity (for all bacterial species) compared to ethanol only. None of the aqueous extracts were active against the other three bacteria, with the activity of the ethanolic extracts also much reduced, as only 36 showed any activity against <italic>E. coli</italic>
and 3 each against <italic>S. enterica typhi </italic>
and <italic>P. aeruginosa. </italic>
Eighteen ethanol extracts were effective against both <italic>E. coli</italic>
and<italic> S. aureus</italic>
, while in two cases, the ethanol extract showed activity against <italic>E. coli </italic>
and the water extract showed activity against <italic>S. aureus. </italic>
The ethanol extract of <italic>Dioscorea trifida </italic>
was effective against <italic>E. coli, S. aureus</italic>
, and <italic>P. aeruginosa. Caesalpinia spinosa</italic>
was the only species that showed high activity against all bacteria, including <italic>Salmonella enterica Ttyphi </italic>
and<italic> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic>
, when extracted in ethanol.</p>
<p>Two hundred twenty-five extracts came from plant species that are traditionally employed against bacterial infections. One hundred sixty-six (73.8%) of these were active against at least one bacterium. Of the three hundred extracts from plants without traditional antibacterial use, only 96 (32%) showed any activity. This shows clearly that plants traditionally used as antibacterial had a much higher likelihood to be antibacterially active than plants without traditional anti-bacterial use. However, the efficacy of plants used traditionally for antibacterial related applications did vary, which underlines the need for studies aiming to clearly understand traditional disease concepts. Plants used for respiratory disorders, inflammation/infection, wounds, and diarrhea, and to prevent postpartum infections, were efficacious in 70–88% of the tests. Plants used for “kidney inflammation” had a much lower efficacy against bacteria and fell within the range of species that are traditionally used to treat other bodily disorders. Only species used for spiritual/ritual treatments scored worse. Of these, only 22% showed some antibacterial activity. However, amongst the “spiritual” plants, 38% of the species used for cleansing baths did in fact show activity, while only 15% of the plants often used in protective amulets (mostly species with the families of Lycopodiaceae and Valerianaceae) showed limited antibacterial activity.</p>
<p>A variety of species showed higher efficacy than the control antibiotics employed, for example, <italic>Ambrosia peruviana, Iresine herbstii, Niphogeton dissecta, Opuntia ficus-indica, Smilax kunthii</italic>
were particular effective against <italic>Escherichia coli. Berberis buceronis, Caesalpinia paipai, Caesalpinia spinosa, Cestrum strigilatum, Cydista aequinoctialis, Dioscorea trifida, Escallonia pendula, Escobedia grandiflora, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus globulus, Eugenia obtusifolia, Eustephia coccinea, Gallesia integrifolia, Geranium sessiliflorum, Hedyosmum racemosum, Iresine herbstii, Lycopersicon hirsutum, Mauria heterophylla, Phyllanthus niruiri, Porophyllum ruderale, Salvia cuspidata, Senecio chionogeton, and Smilax kunthii, Tagetes erecta</italic>
, and <italic>Taraxacum officinale</italic>
showed high activity against <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>
. The same holds true for <italic>Ephedra americana, Gentianella bicolor</italic>
, and <italic>Mandevilla </italic>
cf.<italic> trianae</italic>
. However, extracts of these three species were highly inconsistent in their efficacy.</p>
<p>The comparison of closely related species traditionally employed for different purposes (e.g., different <italic>Alternanthera</italic>
spp., <italic>Passiflora</italic>
spp., <italic>Senecio</italic>
spp., and <italic>Salvia</italic>
spp. for spiritual purposes and against bacterial infections) showed that the “spiritual” species normally were not effective against bacteria, while the species used as antibacterials had increased effectiveness. The example of <italic>Plantago sericea</italic>
var. <italic>sericea</italic>
(used in seguros, no efficacy) and <italic>Plantago sericea</italic>
var. <italic>lanuginosa</italic>
(used for vaginal infections, high efficacy against <italic>S. aureus</italic>
) is a particularly compelling case that indicates the sophistication of traditional knowledge. However, we did find examples like <italic>Chuquiragua</italic>
spp., where closely related species were used as antibacterials, but only one of them did in fact show efficacy, clearly indicating that, in this case, traditional knowledge did not produce reliable results.</p>
<p>On the other hand, extracts of the same species traditionally used to treat infections often produced vastly diverging results when collected from different localities. Good examples are <italic>Iresine herbstii</italic>
, <italic>Schinus molle</italic>
, <italic>Eustephia coccinea</italic>
, <italic>Oreopanax eriocephalus</italic>
, <italic>Myroxylon balsamum</italic>
, <italic>Spartium junceum</italic>
, or <italic>Gentianella dianthoides</italic>
. Most of these species did not produce particularly high inhibition rates in any case and were not the first choice of healers when trying to find remedies for bacterial infections. Many traditional remedies for concepts like “kidney inflammation” did not produce any antibacterial results, which underlines that research into efficacy does need to closely take traditional disease concepts into account.</p>
<p>Many remedies used for spiritual healing and other noninfection purposes did show antibacterial efficacy <italic>in vitro</italic>
but were not listed as such by the local healers. This might be explained by the fact that they either are very inconsistent in their activity (e.g., <italic>Mandevilla trianae</italic>
, <italic>Loricaria</italic>
spp., <italic>Lonicera japonica</italic>
, <italic>Hypericum laricifolium</italic>
, <italic>Hyptis sidifolia</italic>
, <italic>Mentha piperita</italic>
, <italic>Brachyotum naudinii</italic>
, and <italic>Cydonia oblonga</italic>
) or are so closely related that identification, especially when dried, can be a problem, for example, in the case of <italic>Baccharis</italic>
spp., <italic>Gentianella</italic>
spp., and <italic>Valeriana</italic>
spp., or are prone to toxic side effects like <italic>Ephedra americana</italic>
and <italic>Brugmansia</italic>
spp.</p>
<p>Almost all remedies are traditionally prepared as water extracts, although ethanol (in the form of sugarcane spirit) is readily available. This might at a first glance seem astonishing, given the low efficacy of water extraction found in this study. However, initial results from Brine-Shrimp toxicity assays indicate that the ethanolic extracts are by far more toxic than water extracts of many species, and thus ethanolic extraction might in many cases not be suitable for application in patients. This again indicates the considerable sophistication and care with which traditional healers in northern Peru chose their remedies for a specific purpose.</p>
<p>If the botanical documentation of Peruvian medicinal plants has been neglected, investigations of the phytochemical composition of useful plants are lagging even further behind. Most studies on the phytochemistry of Peruvian plants concentrate on a few “fashionable” species that have been marketed heavily on a global scale, especially Maca (<italic>Lepidium meyenii</italic>
), Sangre del Drago or del Grado (<italic>Croton lechleri</italic>
), and Uña de Gato (<italic>Uncaria tomentosa </italic>
and<italic> Uncaria guianensis</italic>
). The number of other Peruvian plants for which at least some phytochemical studies exist is still miniscule, and most efforts are fuelled by the fads and fashions of the international herbal supplement market. Studies involving multiple species were initiated as late as the 1990s [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B163">163</xref>
].</p>
<p>Minimum inhibitory concentrations found for Peruvian plant extracts ranged from 0.008 to 256 mg/mL. The very high values in many species indicate only a very limited antibacterial efficacy. The ethanolic extracts exhibited stronger activity and a much broader spectrum of action than the water extracts. The most interesting activity on <italic>E. coli</italic>
was obtained from ethanolic extracts of <italic>Baccaris </italic>
sp., <italic>Ochroma pyramidale</italic>
, <italic>Croton lechleri</italic>
, <italic>Banisteriopsis caapi</italic>
, <italic>Miconia salicifolia</italic>
, and <italic>Eugenia obtusifolia</italic>
. Only the latter species also showed strong activity in the aqueous extract. A much wider range of species, including most species active against <italic>E. coli</italic>
showed inhibition of <italic>S. aureus</italic>
. <italic>Porophyllum ruderale, Senecio</italic>
sp., <italic>Corynaeae crassa</italic>
, <italic>Dioscorea trifida</italic>
, <italic>Senna monilifera</italic>
, <italic>Spartium junceum</italic>
, <italic>Pelargonium odoratissimum</italic>
, <italic>Satureja pulchella</italic>
, <italic>Cuphea</italic>
sp., <italic>Malva parviflora</italic>
, <italic>Brosimum rufescens</italic>
, <italic>Syzygium aromaticum</italic>
, <italic>Sanguisorba minor</italic>
, <italic>Citrus limetta</italic>
, <italic>Verbesina</italic>
sp., and 2 unidentified species all showed MIC values between 1 and 4 mg/mL. Most of them however did not portray any efficacy in aqueous extract. <italic>Hypericum laricifolium</italic>
, <italic>Hura crepitans</italic>
, <italic>Caesalpinia paipai</italic>
, <italic>Cassia fistula</italic>
, <italic>Hyptis sidifolia</italic>
, <italic>Salvia</italic>
sp., <italic>Banisteriopsis caapi</italic>
, <italic>Miconia salicifolia</italic>
and <italic>Polygonum hydropiperoides</italic>
showed the lowest MIC values and would be interesting candidates for future research. Most MIC values reported in this work were largely higher than those obtained for South American species [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B625">623</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B628">626</xref>
] and African studies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B629">627</xref>
]. However, they were in range or lower than concentrations reported by [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B630">628</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B631">629</xref>
].</p>
<p>Most species effective against <italic>S. aureus </italic>
are traditionally used to treat wound infection, throat infections, serious inflammations, or are postpartum infections. Interestingly many species used in cleansing baths also showed high activity against this bacterium. Many of these species are either employed topically, or in synergistic mixtures, so that possible toxicity seems not to be an issue. The species effective against <italic>E. coli</italic>
were mostly employed in indications that traditional healers identified as “inflammation.”</p>
<p>Most of the plants used by the healers have antibacterial activity, but only 8 of the 141 plants (5.6%) examined in this study show any MIC values of 200 or less mg/mL of extract. Of these 8 plants, 5 are used to treat diseases believed to be in bacterial origin by TM, one is a disease not believed to be caused by bacteria and one is used for undefined treatment purposes.</p>
<p>Nine out of 141 plants (6.3%) tested that were not used for diseases believed to be bacterial in origin by TM, 5 showed high antibacterial activity with MIC values below 16 mg/mL. Four of these were among the most potent plants tested with MIC values of 2 or less mg/mL including the hallucinogen and extracts used to treat diabetes and epilepsy. Diseases such as diabetes often compromise the health of the individual and antibacterial treatments can be warranted for secondary complications of the disease. In addition, TM does determine sometimes that diseases not originally believed to be bacterial in origin, such as ulcers, are actually caused by bacteria. Currently, TM is seriously looking the role of inflammation (which can certainly be bacterial in origin) in heart disease.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.6"><title>5.6. Toxicity in Traditional Medicine</title>
<p>Crude medicinal activities have been investigated for a wide variety of plants [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B86">86</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B131">131</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B132">132</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B136">136</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B138">138</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B623">630</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B632">632</xref>
]. But while toxicity assays are available for many countries (e.g., Argentina [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B364">365</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B633">633</xref>
], Bahrain [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B634">634</xref>
], Bangladesh [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B635">635</xref>
], Brazil [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B328">329</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B417">418</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B636">636</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B637">637</xref>
], Canada [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B638">638</xref>
], Chile [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B639">639</xref>
], China [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B640">640</xref>
], Cuba [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B641">641</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B642">642</xref>
], Ecuador [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B643">643</xref>
], Guatemala [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B644">644</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B646">646</xref>
], Honduras [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B648">647</xref>
], India [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B649">648</xref>
], Kenya [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B629">627</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B650">649</xref>
], Mexico [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B651">650</xref>
], Nicaragua [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B652">651</xref>
], Nigeria [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B653">652</xref>
], Panama [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B654">653</xref>
], Papua New Guinea [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B655">654</xref>
], Philippines [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B656">655</xref>
], Uruguay [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B657">656</xref>
], and USA [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B658">657</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B660">659</xref>
], no data exists on the potential toxicity of Peruvian medicinal species.</p>
<p>Brine shrimp (<italic>Artemia</italic>
) is frequently used as agent in laboratory assays to determine toxicity values by estimating LC<sub>50</sub>
values (median lethal concentration) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B652">651</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B661">660</xref>
–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B663">662</xref>
]. The Brine shrimp lethality activity of 501 aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 341 plant species belonging to 218 genera of 91 families used in Peruvian traditional medicine was tested [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B132">132</xref>
]. The aqueous extracts of 55 species showed high toxicity values (LC<sub>50</sub>
below 249 <italic>μ</italic>
g/mL), 18 species showed median toxicity (LC<sub>50</sub>
250–499 <italic>μ</italic>
g/mL), and 18 low toxicity (LC<sub>50</sub>
500–1000 <italic>μ</italic>
g/mL). The alcoholic extracts proved to be much more toxic: 220 species showed high toxicity values (LC<sub>50</sub>
below 249 <italic>μ</italic>
g/mL, with 37 species having toxicity levels of >1 <italic>μ</italic>
g/mL), 43 species showed median toxicity (LC<sub>50</sub>
250–499 <italic>μ</italic>
g/mL), and 23 species low toxicity (LC<sub>50</sub>
500–1000 <italic>μ</italic>
g/mL). Over 24% of the aqueous extracts and 76% of the alcoholic extracts showed elevated toxicity levels to brine shrimp. Traditional preparation methods are taking this into account; most remedies are prepared as simple water extracts, thus avoiding potential toxic effects. Excellent examples where the water extracts are nontoxic, while the ethanolic extracts show high toxicity are <italic>Ocimum basilicum</italic>
L., <italic>Salvia</italic>
sp., or <italic>Laccopetalum giganteum</italic>
(Wedd.) Ulbrich. In contrast, <italic>Cinchona officinalis</italic>
L. ethanolic extracts were non-toxic, and are traditionally used, while the highly toxic water extract has no traditional use.</p>
<p>Species which showed higher levels of toxicity were <italic>Bejaria aestuans</italic>
L., <italic>Erodium cicutarium</italic>
(L.) L'Her., <italic>Brachyotum naudinii</italic>
Triana, <italic>Miconia salicifolia</italic>
(Bonp. ex Naud.) Naud., <italic>Cuscuta foetida</italic>
Kunth, <italic>Caesalpinia spinosa</italic>
(Molina) Kuntze, and <italic>Phyllactis rigida</italic>
(Humb. and Bonpl.) Pers. <italic>Achillea millefolium</italic>
L., <italic>Artemisia absinthium</italic>
L., and<italic> Eucalyptus globulus</italic>
Labill all frequently used as medicinal teas also fall in this group, as do<italic> Lupinus mutabilis</italic>
Sweet, and<italic> Illicium verum</italic>
Hook. f. Solanaceae (e.g.,<italic> Nicotiana tabacum</italic>
L. and <italic>Solanum americanum</italic>
Mill.) were proved to be highly toxic, while other species, known to be highly toxic when ingested (e.g., <italic>Datura</italic>
sp. and <italic>Brugmansia</italic>
spp.) did not show toxicity in Brine Shrimp.</p>
<p>Multiple extracts from different collections of the same species showed in most cases very similar toxicity values. However, in some cases, the toxicity of extracts from different collections of the same species varied from non-toxic to highly toxic. Examples for such variation in toxicity were found for <italic>Chersodoma deltoidea</italic>
M.O. Dillon and Sagast., <italic>Satureja sericea</italic>
(C. Presl. and Benth.) Briq., <italic>Eugenia obtusifolia</italic>
Cambess., <italic>Epidendrum</italic>
sp., <italic>Capparis crotonoides</italic>
Kunth, <italic>Sambucus peruviana </italic>
Kunth, and <italic>Malva </italic>
sp. In case of these frequently used species, harvest time, collection locality, or use of specific plant parts might be important for a reduction of toxicity.</p>
<p>Toxicity values with LC<sub>50</sub>
values below 1000 <italic>μ</italic>
g/mL are considered to be bioactive and might provide leads for further screening [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B661">660</xref>
]. Over 75% of the species in the present study might have some cytotoxic potential. The toxicity values reported fall in the range reported by other authors [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B652">651</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.7"><title>5.7. Markets and Sustainability</title>
<sec id="sec5.7.1"><title>5.7.1. The Pharmacopoiaa of Southern Ecuador and Northern Peru: Colonial Regimes and Their Influence on Plant Use</title>
<p>The differences in medicinal plant use between Southern Ecuador and Northern Peru are striking. Both regions share the same cultural background and have a very similar flora, with a comparable number of plant species that to a large extent overlap. However, the medicinal flora of Southern Ecuador includes only 40% of the species used in Northern Peru. The differences in traditional medicinal use can be explained by comparing the development of the pharmacopoeia of both areas from the start of the colonial period until today. Colonial chroniclers often included detailed descriptions of useful plants in their reports. The most comprehensive early accounts of the economically interesting flora of Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador were provided by Monardes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
], Acosta [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
], and Cobo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
]. Later treatments were included in Alcedo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B664">663</xref>
]. Martínez Compañon, Archbishop of Trujillo, had a complete inventory of his dioceses prepared [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
]. Finally, Ruiz provided the first real botanical inventory of the region [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
]. The account of Martínez Compañon [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
] provides the best baseline for a comparison of the colonial and modern medicinal flora of the region. The work includes detailed paintings for every species, which allows a close comparison with the modern medicinal flora, indicating that the vernacular names of useful plants have not changed significantly since colonial times. It contains 526 useful plant species. A preliminary review of this work seems to indicate that the number of plants used has not changed significantly since the late 1700's, with over 500 plant species still found in modern Peruvian markets. A closer comparison shows, however, that only 41% of the species mentioned by Breevort [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
] are still sold nowadays in Peru. An additional 32% are still used in the Amazon basin but do not reach the coastal markets anymore. Twenty-seven percent have completely disappeared from modern day use. This means that 58% of the species sold in Peruvian markets and 41% of the species used in Ecuador were added to the pharmacopoeia within the last 200 years.</p>
<p>A cluster analysis of the colonial and modern plant inventories showed a striking explanation for the use differences between Ecuador and Peru and helps to explain why the plant inventories changed so significantly in the 18th century. The current pharmacopoeia of useful flora in Ecuador was most similar to the early colonial flora mentioned in Tilbert and Kaptchuk [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
], Domenighetti [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
], Eisenberg et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
], and Zollman and Vickers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
]. This indicates that the Ecuadorian medicinal flora did not develop much between early and late colonial times. In contrast, the modern Peruvian healing flora was much more similar to later collections. An explanation for this lies in the different treatment of traditional practices in Ecuador and Peru. In Ecuador, traditional medicinal practitioners were immediately persecuted once the colonial administration took hold, while the Peruvian administration was much more tolerant. This also reflects in the establishment of a National Institute for Traditional Medicine in Peru in the 1980s, while traditional medicine was illegal in Ecuador, until a constitutional change in 1998. This meant that Ecuadorian healers had no opportunity to experiment with new species to cure diseases introduced by Europeans, while Peruvian healers were able to explore the rich flora of the region in order to find new remedies. This experimentation also extended to “magical” disease concepts like <italic>Mal Aire, Mal Ojo, Susto, </italic>
and <italic>Envidia</italic>
that were introduced from Spain during the colonial regime. Peruvian healers developed a vast array of medicinals to treat these conditions, which, to a large extent, explains the shift in the medicinal flora between the late 1700s and modern times. Experimentation in Ecuador remained restricted to the treatment of common diseases, while spiritual treatments were outlawed until a constitutional revision in 1998 recognized the right of the population to use traditional medicinal practices [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B157">157</xref>
].</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.7.2"><title>5.7.2. Changing Markets</title>
<p>Exotics played an important role amongst all pants sold in Northern Peruvian markets. Fifty-nine species (15%) found in all markets were exotics. However, amongst the species most commonly encountered in the inventories, 40–50% were exotics. <italic>Matricaria recutita </italic>
(chamomile) was found in the inventory of approximately 70% of vendors. The next most popular species sold in these markets included <italic>Equisetum giganteum</italic>
, <italic>Phyllanthus urinaria</italic>
, <italic>Phyllanthus stipulatus</italic>
, <italic>Phyllanthus niruri </italic>
(Chanca piedra—stone breaker), <italic>Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), Piper aduncum, Uncaria tomentosa</italic>
(cat's claw), <italic>Rosmarinus officinalis</italic>
(rosemary)<italic>, Peumus boldus, Bixa orellana</italic>
(achiote) and <italic>Buddleja utilis</italic>
. However, when taking sales volume into account, <italic>Croton lechleri</italic>
(dragon's blood), <italic>Uncaria tomentosa</italic>
, and <italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic>
were clearly the most important species [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B665">664</xref>
].</p>
<p>While it was very easy for all vendors to name their most important and frequently sold species, it proofed impossible to get detailed information about species that vendors observed as “rare” or “disappearing”. In most cases, vendors mentioned species as rare because they themselves did not sell them; in many cases, these plants were very common outside the market (e.g., <italic>Plantago major </italic>
or common plantain) or because demand was so low, that it would not have made sense to carry them in their inventories. Very small vendors had inventories that represented the most common medicinal plants available and excluded most species in the large “witchcraft” segment of the pharmacopoeia. On the other hand, well-established large stands specialized in supplies for healers (including “magical” plants).</p>
<p>All four markets had inventories containing more than 50% of all inventoried plant species but lacked many of the “generalist” plants sold by other vendors. The portfolio of these stands focused almost entirely on “magical” species that are needed to cure illnesses like “<italic>susto</italic>
” (fright), “<italic>mal aire</italic>
” (evil wind), “<italic>daño</italic>
” (damage), “<italic>envidia</italic>
” (envy), and other “magical” or psychosomatic ailments. At the same time, all four vendors catered also to the esoteric tourism crowd that tends to frequent the large markets and carried a variety of plants that were not used by <italic>curanderos</italic>
but instead were sold to meet tourist demand.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec5.7.3"><title>5.7.3. A Look on Sustainability—How Much Plant and for Which Price?</title>
<p>More than two-thirds of all species sold in Northern Peruvian were claimed to originate from the highlands (<italic>sierra</italic>
), above the timberline, which represents areas often heavily used for agriculture and livestock grazing. The overall value of medicinal plants in these markets reaches a staggering 1.2 million US $/year. This figure only represents the share of market vendors and does not include the amount local healers charge for their cure. Thus, medicinal plants contribute significantly to the local economy. Such an immense market raises questions of the sustainability of this trade, especially because the market analysis does not take into account any informal sales.</p>
<p>Most striking was the fact that 7 indigenous and 3 exotic species, that is, 2.5% of all species traded, accounted for more than 40% of the total sales volume (with 30 and 12% resp.). Moreover, 31 native species accounted for 50% of all sales, while only 16 introduced plants contributed to more than a quarter of all material sold. This means that little over 11% of all plants in the market accounted for about three-fourths of all sales. About one-third of this sales volume includes all exotic species traded. None of these are rare or endangered. However, the rising market demand might lead to increased production of these exotics, which in turn could have negative effects on the local flora [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B127">127</xref>
].</p>
<p>A look at the indigenous species traded highlights important conservation threats. <italic>Croton lechleri</italic>
(dragon's blood), and <italic>Uncaria tomentosa</italic>
(cat's claw) are immensely popular at a local level and each contributes to about 7% to the overall market value. Both species are also widely traded internationally. The latex of <italic>Croton</italic>
is harvested by cutting or debarking the whole tree. <italic>Uncaria</italic>
is mostly traded as bark, and again the whole plant is normally debarked. <italic>Croton</italic>
is a pioneer species, and, apart from <italic>C. lechleri</italic>
, a few other species of the genus have found their way in the market. Sustainable production of this genus seems possible, but the process has to be closely monitored, and the current practice does not appear sustainable because most <italic>Croton</italic>
is wild harvested. The cat's claw trade is so immense, that in fact years ago collectors of this primary forest liana started complaining about a lack of resources [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">63</xref>
] and, during the years of this study, other <italic>Uncaria</italic>
species, or even <italic>Acacia</italic>
species, have appeared in the market as “cat's claw” (own observation). As such, the<italic> Uncaria</italic>
trade is clearly not sustainable.</p>
<p>Some of the other “most important” species are either common weeds (e.g., <italic>Desmodium molliculum</italic>
) or have large populations (e.g.,<italic> Equisetum giganteum</italic>
). However, a number of species are very vulnerable. <italic>Tillandsia cacticola</italic>
grows in small areas of the coast as epiphyte [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B666">665</xref>
]. The habitat, coastal dry forest, and shrub are heavily impacted by urbanization and mechanized agriculture the impact of the latter worsened by the current bio-fuel boom.</p>
<p><italic>Gentianella alborosea, G. bicolor, G. graminea, Geranium ayavacense</italic>
, and <italic>Laccopetalum giganteum</italic>
are all high altitude species with very limited distribution. Their large-scale collection is clearly unsustainable, and, in case of <italic>Laccopetalum</italic>
, collectors indicate that supply is harder and harder to find. The fate of a number of species with similar habitat requirements raises comparable concern. The only species under cultivation at this point are exotics and a few common indigenous species.</p>
<p>When looking at the reasons why people chose medicinal plants or pharmaceuticals for greater consumption, it seemed as though the major reasons were fairly obvious. Many people preferred using plants more often because they are natural and safe. Pharmaceutical products have too many synthetic chemicals and foreign substances that can affect the body. Using plants that have been in use for centuries seems to be a safer and healthier alternative. Many people said that pharmaceuticals were used for particular illnesses, but often had side effects that result in negative impacts elsewhere in the body. Respondents agreed, however, that pharmaceuticals products were more effective than medicinal plants. Even though they still used plants, they would not completely depend on them, knowing that there is a limit to their use. A lot of agreement was registered for use of doctor's prescriptions. Many people have faith in their doctor, and if he recommends using a certain medicine, they will. This faith is based on the confidence people have in science and medicine with a great deal of research available, which has gained the public's trust. Because of this, people feel safer relying on modern medicine. Along with the research, people know that medicine has noticeable effects that can be more easily obtained than those from plants. Plant remedies take longer and are more subtle in their effects. These are reasons why pharmaceuticals are used more often. Although the number was minimal, there were respondents who did say that they used the two kinds of medicine in the same amounts. What was interesting was that people said that they used both together. For example, often people said that they would drink a cup of herbal tea while taking pills. Although people felt that each type of medicine has a role, most agreed that pharmaceuticals provide the best route taken for fighting certain sicknesses.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec6"><title>6. Final Comments</title>
<p>Current research indicates that the composition of the local pharmacopoeia in Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador has changed since colonial times [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B157">157</xref>
]. However, in Northern Peru, the overall number of medicinal plants employed seems to have remained at a comparable level, while plant use in Southern Ecuador has decreased. This indicates that the Northern Peruvian health tradition is still going strong and that the healers and public are constantly experimenting with new remedies. One example of this is the sudden appearance of Noni (<italic>Morinda citrifolia</italic>
) fruits and products in large quantities in plant pharmacies and markets in the region since 2005. This plant was not available before, but it is heavily marketed worldwide. Peruvian sellers are clearly reacting to a global market trend and are trying to introduce this new species to their customers. This indicates that local herbalists and herb merchants are carefully watching international health trends to include promising species in their own repertoire. In Southern Ecuador, healers were not able to experiment with new remedies due to persecution and legal restrictions. As a result, the pharmacopoeia in this region remained on an early colonial level, with loss of significant knowledge.</p>
<p>The use of hallucinogens, in particular the <italic>San Pedro</italic>
cactus (<italic>Echinopsis pachanoi</italic>
), is still a vital component of Andean healing practices and has been around for millennia [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B125">125</xref>
]. <italic>San Pedro</italic>
can often be found in Cupisnique and Moche iconography. Five hundred years of suppression of traditional healing practices by Western medicine have not managed to destroy this tradition in Peru. The use of <italic>San Pedro</italic>
, together with additives like Angel's Trumpet (<italic>Brugmansia</italic>
spp.), Jimsonweed (<italic>Datura ferox</italic>
), and tobacco, is still a central part of curing ceremonies in Northern Peru. Healers are in fact experimenting with new hallucinogens, and some northern <italic>curanderos</italic>
have started to include decoctions of Ayahuasca (<italic>Banisteriopsis caapi</italic>
) in their rituals.</p>
<p>Although not formally acknowledged, Southern Ecuador falls into the Northern Peruvian cultural area. It appears to represent a region where traditional plant knowledge, though important, has declined considerably. Southern Ecuadorian <italic>curanderos</italic>
and <italic>parteras</italic>
(midwives) have almost entirely abandoned indigenous rituals. In fact, <italic>San Pedro</italic>
usage was not mentioned as a mind-altering plant by any healer or midwife interviewed and was not used in curing ceremonies. Centuries of prohibition have led to a pronounced abandonment of traditional knowledge. This is also reflected in the current study. Many plants used for “magical” purposes in Peru [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B125">125</xref>
] have disappeared from traditional use in Ecuador. The fear of prosecution is still very deeply rooted in the healer community, and most healers interviewed stated that they did not wish to be cited by name. Most healing altars or <italic>mesas</italic>
in Southern Ecuador are almost entirely devoid of any “pagan” objects such as seashells pre-Columbian ceramics. Patients are cleansed, by spraying them with holy water and perfumes. In rare cases tobacco juice and extracts of Jimson weed (<italic>Datura ferox</italic>
) are used to purify the patients. Southern Ecuadorian <italic>mesas</italic>
are also much less elaborated than the <italic>mesas</italic>
of Peruvian <italic>curanderos</italic>
. The incantations used by healers during their curing session center on Christian symbolism. References to Andean cosmology are almost entirely absent, and the use of guinea pigs as diagnostic instruments has all but disappeared from the tool kit of these healers.</p>
<p>Interestingly, Peruvian <italic>curanderos</italic>
have started to fill this spiritual void in Southern Ecuador. Healers from the Northern Peruvian mountains and coastal plains frequently cross over to Ecuador to offer their services to patients—including increasing numbers of foreigners with a “New Age” orientation—who are not satisfied with the more Westernized approach of Ecuadorian healers. These Peruvian colleagues have much more elaborate plant knowledge, and their <italic>mesas</italic>
as well as their incantations follow a more traditional pattern.</p>
<p>The knowledge of medicinal plants is still taught by word of mouth, with no written record [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B126">126</xref>
]. Illustrated identification guides for the medicinal plants of Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador and their uses [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B124">124</xref>
] will hopefully help to keep the extensive traditional knowledge of this area alive. However, Traditional Medicine is experiencing increasing demand, especially from a Peruvian perspective, as indicated by the fact that the number of herb vendors, in particular in the markets of Trujillo, has increased in recent years. Also, a wide variety of medicinal plants from Northern Peru can be found in the global market. While this trend might help to maintain traditional practices and to give traditional knowledge the respect it deserves, it poses a serious threat, as signs of overharvesting of important species are becoming increasingly apparent.</p>
<p>Today the most serious threat to this millennial tradition is the destruction of medicinal plant habitats. Urban sprawl and the sugar industry have already greatly altered the coastal plains around Trujillo and Chiclayo. Climatic change and deforestation are threatening the mountain forest systems that are the source of many medicinal species. Most importantly, the high Andean ecosystems and sacred lagoons where many medicinally active species are found are in danger of being destroyed by large-scale mining activities [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">63</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B667">666</xref>
].</p>
<p>It is apparent that the respondents used medicinal herbs more often than pharmaceutical medicines, but only to a small degree. Bussmann et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B129">129</xref>
, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B130">130</xref>
] showed in their studies that patients both at western and herbalist clinics often had a preference for pharmaceutical medicines only to a small degree. People generally assumed that plants are healthier and better to use because they are natural and are thought to not have any side-effects. It is difficult to determine if the knowledge of the use of medicinal plants is growing or decreasing, but the indications are that the last generation knows more than the present. However, most of the present generation does teach their children about the use of medicinal plants. The present study also showed what medicinal plants the respondents used for which purposes. It would be interesting to evaluate the properties of the species used in bioassays. Similarly, the plant knowledge of patients at both facilities was largely identical, with an essentially overlapping selection of common, mostly introduced, species, and basically the same number of medicinal plants mentioned overall. This indicates that traditional medicinal knowledge is a major part of a people's culture that is being maintained while patients are also embracing the benefits of western medicine.</p>
<p>This attitude does however lead to profound challenges when it comes to the safety of the plants employed, in particular for applications that require long-term use. Bussmann et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B668">667</xref>
] found that various species were often sold under the same common names. Some of the different fresh species were readily identifiable botanically, but neither the collectors nor the vendors do made a direct distinction between species. However, often material was sold in finely powdered form, which makes the morphological identification of the species in the market impossible and greatly increases the risk for the buyer. The best way to ensure correct identification would be DNA bar-coding. The necessary technical infrastructure is however not available locally. The use of DNA bar-coding as quality control tool to verify species composition of samples on a large scale would require to carefully sample every batch of plant material sold in the market. The volatility of the markets make this is an impossible logistical task. Often the same or closely related species mentioned in literature sell under wide variety of common names. Worse, one species might be sold; for example, “Hercampuri,” in one location or market stand, while selling under a different name at a neighboring stand. As expected there is no consistency in the dosage of plants used nor do vendors agree on possible side effects.</p>
<p>Studies indicate that the plant use in Northern Peru, although footing on a millennial tradition, has changed considerably even during the last decades. Even in case of plant species used for very clearly circumscribed applications, patients run a considerable risk when purchasing their remedies in the local markets, and the possible side effects can be serious. Much more control and a much more stringent identification of the material sold in public markets and entering the global supply chain via Internet sales would be needed.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back><ack><title>Conflict of Interests</title>
<p>The author declares that he has no conflict of interests.</p>
</ack>
<ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><italic>Consultation Meeting on TM and Modern Medicine, Harmonizing the Two Approaches</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<issue>WPTM/ICP/TM/001/RB/98– RS/99/GE/32CHN</issue>
<publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2"><label>2</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><italic>Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines and Therapies</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<issue>Working group OPS/OMS</issue>
<publisher-loc>Washington, DC, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>WHO Regional Office for the Americas/Pan American Health Organization</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3"><label>3</label>
<element-citation publication-type="other"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<article-title>WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002–2005</article-title>
<comment>World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002</comment>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4"><label>4</label>
<element-citation publication-type="confproc"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<article-title>Technical briefing on traditional medicine</article-title>
<conf-name>Proceedings of the 49th Regional Committee Meeting</conf-name>
<conf-date>1998</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Manila, Philippines</conf-loc>
<publisher-name>WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5"><label>5</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fisher</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ward</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Medicine in Europe, complementary medicine in Europe</article-title>
<source><italic>British Medical Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>309</volume>
<issue>6947</issue>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>111</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0028308240</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8038643</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6"><label>6</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>Health Canada</collab>
<source><italic>Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Health Care. A Collection of Papers Prepared For Health Canada</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc>Ottawa, Canada</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Health Canada</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7"><label>7</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Domenighetti</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grilli</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Guillod</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gutzwiller</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Quaglia</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Usage personnel de pratiques relevant des médecines douces ou alternatives parmi les médecins suisses</article-title>
<source><italic>Medecine et Hygiene</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<issue>2291</issue>
<fpage>570</fpage>
<lpage>572</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0042730234</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zollman</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vickers</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>ABC of Complementary Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc>London, UK</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>BMJ Books</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9"><label>9</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Eisenberg</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Davis</surname>
<given-names>RB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ettner</surname>
<given-names>SL</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997: results of a follow-up national survey</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of the American Medical Association</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>280</volume>
<issue>18</issue>
<fpage>1569</fpage>
<lpage>1575</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0032508952</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9820257</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10"><label>10</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</collab>
<source><italic>Systems and National Experiences For Protecting Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practices</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<issue>TD/B/COM.1/EM.13/2</issue>
<publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Background Note by the UNCTAD Secretariat Geneva, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11"><label>11</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Breevort</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>The Booming U.S. Botanical Market, a New Overview</italic>
</source>
<volume>44</volume>
<publisher-name>HerbalGram</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12"><label>12</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tilbert</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kaptchuk</surname>
<given-names>TJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal medicine research and global health, an ethical analysis</article-title>
<source><italic>Bulletin of the World Health Organization</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<fpage>594</fpage>
<lpage>599</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18797616</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13"><label>13</label>
<element-citation publication-type="other"><collab>Global Industry Analysts Inc</collab>
<article-title>Herbal Supplements and Remedies, A Global Strategic Business Report</article-title>
<comment>Global Industry Analysts, San Jose, Calif, USA, 2012</comment>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14"><label>14</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>EsSalud/Organización Panamericana de Salud</collab>
<source><italic>Study of Cost Effectiveness, National Program in Complementary Medicine. Social Security of EsSalud</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>EsSalud/Organización Panamericana de Salud</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15"><label>15</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Monardes</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Primera y segunda y tercera partes de la história medicinal de las cosasque se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven en medicina; Tratado de la piedra bezaar, y de la yerva escuerçonera; Diálogo de las grandezas del hierro, y de sus virtudes medicinales; Tratado de la nieve, y del beuer frio</italic>
</source>
<year>1574</year>
<publisher-loc>Seville, Spain</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Alonso Escrivano</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16"><label>16</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>de Acosta</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias</italic>
</source>
<year>1590</year>
<publisher-loc>Sevilla, Spain</publisher-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17"><label>17</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cobo</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Historia Del Nuevo Mundo, 2 Tomos</italic>
</source>
<year>1653</year>
<publisher-loc>Sevilla, Spain</publisher-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18"><label>18</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cobo</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Historia del Nuevo Mundo</italic>
</source>
<year>1956</year>
<issue>edited by F. de Mateos</issue>
<publisher-loc>Madrid, spain</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Ediciones Atlas</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19"><label>19</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Marínez Compañon</surname>
<given-names>DB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Razón de las Especies de la Naturaleza y del arte del Obispado de Trujillo del Perú. Tomos III-V</italic>
</source>
<year>1789</year>
<publisher-loc>Sevilla, Spain</publisher-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20"><label>20</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schjellerup</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Vergara</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vásquez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Razon de las especies de la naturaleza y del arte del obispado de trujillo del Peru del obispo D. balazar martinez compagñon</article-title>
<source><italic>Medicina Tradicional, Conocimento Milenario</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<fpage>128</fpage>
<lpage>152</lpage>
<series>Serie Antropología</series>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21"><label>21</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Millones</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kato</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Plantas Medicinales en la Obra del Obispo Don Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compagñon (Siglo XVIII)</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<issue>Desde el exterior, El Perú y sus estudios. Tercer Congreso Internacional de Peruanistas, Nagoya</issue>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UNMSM</publisher-name>
<fpage>147</fpage>
<lpage>165</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22"><label>22</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Relación del viaje hecho a los reynos del Perú y Chile. 1777–1788</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<issue>Translated by R. E. Schultes, and M. J. Nemry von Thenen de Jaramillo-Arango as ‘The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz’</issue>
<publisher-loc>Portland, Ore, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Timber Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23"><label>23</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Raimondi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Elementos de Botánica Aplicada a la Medicina y la Industria</italic>
</source>
<year>1857</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24"><label>24</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Shamanismo y el Cacto Sagrado—Shamanism and the Sacred Cactus</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<publisher-name>San Diego Museum Papers</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25"><label>25</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Glass-Coffin</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Uceda</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Curanderos a la sombra de la Huaca de la luna</article-title>
<source><italic>Bulletin Instute Francais d’Etudes Andines</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26"><label>26</label>
<element-citation publication-type="confproc"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Béjar</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roa</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Shuman</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garrett</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wozniak</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacological search for active ingredients in medicinal plants of Latin America</article-title>
<conf-name>Proceedings of the International Symposium on Herbal Medicine, A Holistic Approach</conf-name>
<conf-date>1997</conf-date>
<conf-loc>San Diego, Calif, USA</conf-loc>
<publisher-name>SDSU International Institute for Human Resources Development</publisher-name>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27"><label>27</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Béjar</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roa</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Herbs of Southern Ecuador—Hierbas del sur Ecuatoriano</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc>San Diego, Calif, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Latin Herbal Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28"><label>28</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Manteniendo el balance de naturaleza y hombre, La diversidad.florística andina y su importancia por la diversidad cultural—ejemplos del Norte de Perú y Sur de Ecuador</article-title>
<source><italic>Arnaldoa</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>382</fpage>
<lpage>397</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29"><label>29</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Plants of Longevity—The Medicinal Flora of Vilcabamba</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc>Trujillo, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Graficart</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30"><label>30</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Brako</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zarucchi</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc>Saint Louis, Mo, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Missouri Botanical Garden</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31"><label>31</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Brack Egg</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Biodiversidad, Pobreza y Bionegocios</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32"><label>32</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Brack Egg</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Diccionario Enciclopédico de Plantas Útiles del Perú</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc>Cuscso, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>PNUD-CBC</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33"><label>33</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alarco de Zandra</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Perú, el Libro de las Plantas Mágicas</italic>
</source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Concytec</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34"><label>34</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>La Torre-Cuadros</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Albán Castillo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Morales</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ollgaard</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kvist</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Borchsenius</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Balslev</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Etnobotánica en los Andes del Perú</article-title>
<source><italic>Botánica Económica de los Andes Centrales</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<fpage>239</fpage>
<lpage>245</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35"><label>35</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Larco Herrera</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plantas que curan y plantas que matan de la Flora del Cusco</article-title>
<source><italic>Revista Del Museo Nacional, Lima</italic>
</source>
<year>1940</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>74</fpage>
<lpage>127</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36"><label>36</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Valdizan</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Maldonado</surname>
<given-names>YA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>La Medicina Popular Peruana</italic>
</source>
<year>1922</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Torres Aguirre</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37"><label>37</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Soukup</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Vocabulario de los nombres tradicionales de la Flora Peruana y catálogo de los géneros</italic>
</source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editorial Salesiana</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38"><label>38</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>López</surname>
<given-names>TA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Campero</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chayer</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Hoyos</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ergotism and photosensitization in swine produced by the combined ingestion of <italic>Claviceps purpurea</italic>
sclerotia and <italic>Ammi majus</italic>
seeds</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>68</fpage>
<lpage>71</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030627561</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9087928</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39"><label>39</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Ferreira</surname>
<given-names>EC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plantas medicinales alto-andinas</article-title>
<source><italic>Boletin de la Colonia Suiza en el Peru</italic>
</source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40"><label>40</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Ferreira</surname>
<given-names>EC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plantas que curan las heridas del hombre y los animales</article-title>
<source><italic>Boletín de Lima</italic>
</source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41"><label>41</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Duke</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Velazquez</surname>
<given-names>YR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Amazonian Ethnobotanical Dictionary</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc>Boca Raton, Fla, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CRC Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42"><label>42</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Camino</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Cerros, Plantas y Lagunas Ponderosas—La Medicina al Norte del Perú</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Lluvia Editores</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43"><label>43</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cruz Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Informe sobre las aplicaciones populares de la cimora en el norte del Perú</article-title>
<source><italic>Revista de Farmacologia y Medicina Experimental</italic>
</source>
<year>1948</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<fpage>253</fpage>
<lpage>258</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44"><label>44</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dobkin de Rios</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Trichocereus pachanoi</italic>
—a mescaline cactus used in folk healing in Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Economic Botany</italic>
</source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>191</fpage>
<lpage>194</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0000866531</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45"><label>45</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dobkin de Rios</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Folk curing with a psychedelic cactus in the north coast of Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>International Journal of Social Psychiatry</italic>
</source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>23</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0014391697</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5735241</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46"><label>46</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bristol</surname>
<given-names>ML</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tree Datura drugs of the Columbian Sibundoy</article-title>
<source><italic>Botanical Museum Leaflets</italic>
</source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>165</fpage>
<lpage>227</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47"><label>47</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Crosby</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McLaughlin</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cactus alkaloids—19. Crystallization of mescaline HCl and 3 methoxytyramine HCl from <italic>Trichocereus pachanoi</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Lloydia</italic>
</source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>416</fpage>
<lpage>418</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0015746471</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">4773270</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48"><label>48</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dobkin de Rios</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plant Hallucinogens and the religion of the Mochica-an ancient Peruvian people</article-title>
<source><italic>Economic Botany</italic>
</source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>189</fpage>
<lpage>203</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0000132219</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49"><label>49</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dobkin De Rios</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cardenas</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plant hallucinogens, shamanism and Nazca ceramics</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>233</fpage>
<lpage>246</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019121130</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7412332</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50"><label>50</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pummangura</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McLaughlin</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schifferdecker</surname>
<given-names>RC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cactus alkaloids—LI. Lack of mescaline translocation in grafted <italic>Trichocereus</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Natural Products</italic>
</source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>215</fpage>
<lpage>216</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51"><label>51</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>RT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The role of coca in the history, religion, and medicine of South American Indians</article-title>
<source><italic>Economic Botany</italic>
</source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>422</fpage>
<lpage>438</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0004398997</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52"><label>52</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Naranjo</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Social function of coca in pre-Columbian America</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>161</fpage>
<lpage>172</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019546662</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7017288</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53"><label>53</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Plowman</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Amazonian coca</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>195</fpage>
<lpage>225</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019543495</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7017289</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54"><label>54</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Plowman</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The ethnobotany of coca (<italic>Erythroxylum</italic>
spp., Erythroxylaceae)</article-title>
<source><italic>Advances in Economic Botany</italic>
</source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<fpage>62</fpage>
<lpage>111</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55"><label>55</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Plowman</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The origin, evolution, and diffusion of coca, <italic>Erythroxylum</italic>
spp., in South and Central America</article-title>
<source><italic>Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology</italic>
</source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<fpage>125</fpage>
<lpage>163</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56"><label>56</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rivier</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lindgren</surname>
<given-names>J-E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ayahuasca, the South American hallucinogenic drink: an ethnobotanical and chemical investigation</article-title>
<source><italic>Economic Botany</italic>
</source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>101</fpage>
<lpage>129</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0002310382</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57"><label>57</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McKenna</surname>
<given-names>DJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Luna</surname>
<given-names>LE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Towers</surname>
<given-names>CHN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ingredientes biodinámicos en las plantas que se mezclan al ayahuasca. Una farmacopea tradicional no identificada</article-title>
<source><italic>América Indígena</italic>
</source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>98</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58"><label>58</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Raffauf</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Vine of the Soul</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc>Oracle, Ariz, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Synergetic Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59"><label>59</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bianchi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Samorini</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plants in associacion with Ayahasuca</article-title>
<source><italic>Jahrbuch Ethnomedizin</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60"><label>60</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chiappe</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lemlij</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Millones</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Alucinógenos y Shamanismo en el Peru Contemporáneo</italic>
</source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>El Virrey</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61"><label>61</label>
<element-citation publication-type="confproc"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cabieses Molina</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The magic plants of ancient Perú</article-title>
<conf-name>Atti del V Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Fitochimica</conf-name>
<conf-date>1990</conf-date>
<fpage>p. LP2</fpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62"><label>62</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hofmann</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Plants of the Gods</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc>Rochester, NY, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Healing Arts Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63"><label>63</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cabieses Molina</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>La Uña de Gato u su Entorno. De la Selva a la Farmacia</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad de San Martin De Porres</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64"><label>64</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yacovleff</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Larco-Herrera</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>El Mundo Vegetal de los antiguos peruanos</article-title>
<source><italic>Revista del Museo Nacional</italic>
</source>
<year>1935</year>
<volume>4</volume>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65"><label>65</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Weberbauer</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>El Mundo Vegetal de los Andes Peruanos</italic>
</source>
<year>1945</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66"><label>66</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Towle</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>The Ethnobotany of Peru</italic>
</source>
<year>1961</year>
<publisher-name>Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67"><label>67</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Valdivia Ponce</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Hampicamayoc. Medicina Folklórica y su Substrato Aborígen en el Perú</italic>
</source>
<year>1975</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68"><label>68</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lira</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Medicina Andina. Farmacopea y Rituales</italic>
</source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-loc>Cusco, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Centro Bartolome de las Casas</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69"><label>69</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Franquemont</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Plowman</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Franquemont</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The Ethnobotany of Chinchero, an Andean Community in Southern Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Fieldiana Botany New Series</italic>
</source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>24</volume>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70"><label>70</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Girault</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Kallawaya, Curanderos Itinerantes de los Andes</italic>
</source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc>La Paz, Bolivia</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>UNICEF-OPS-OMS</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71"><label>71</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bastien</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Drum and Stethoscope, Integrating Ethnomedicine and Biomedicine in Bolivia</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc>Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Utah Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72"><label>72</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bastien</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Healers of the Andes, Kallawaya Herbalists and Their Medicinal Plants</italic>
</source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc>Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Utah Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73"><label>73</label>
<element-citation publication-type="confproc"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roersch</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>van der Hoogte</surname>
<given-names>YL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plantas medicinales del surandino del Perú</article-title>
<conf-name>II Congreso Internacional de PlantasTradicionales</conf-name>
<conf-date>1988</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Lima, Peru</conf-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74"><label>74</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roersch</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Plantas Medicinales en el Sur Andino del Perú</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc>Königstein, Germany</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Koeltz Scientific Books</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75"><label>75</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Macía</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>García</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vidaurre</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants commercialized in the markets of la Paz and El Alto, Bolivia</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>337</fpage>
<lpage>350</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-13544255588</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15707774</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76"><label>76</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Prance</surname>
<given-names>GT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnobotanical notes from Amazonian Brazil</article-title>
<source><italic>Economic Botany</italic>
</source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>221</fpage>
<lpage>237</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0000668811</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77"><label>77</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vazquez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Plantas Útiles de la Amazonia Peruana</italic>
</source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc>Peru, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Iquitos</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78"><label>78</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jovel</surname>
<given-names>EM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cabanillas</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Towers</surname>
<given-names>GHN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An ethnobotanical study of the traditional medicine of the Mestizo people of Suni Mirafio, Loreto, Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Current Anthropology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79"><label>79</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cabieses Molina</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Apuntes De Medicina Tradicional</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>1-2</volume>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Diselpesa</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80"><label>80</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cabieses Molina</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Apuntes de Medicina Tradicional, la Racionalización de lo Irracional</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CONCYTEC</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81"><label>81</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Meza</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>‘Sangre del Grado’ y el Reto de su Producción Sustentable en el Perú</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name>Universidad de San Marcos</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82"><label>82</label>
<element-citation publication-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Polia</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<comment>Las Lagunas de los Encantos—Medicina Tradicional Andina en el Peru. septentrional</comment>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83"><label>83</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>della Valle</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Simone</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pizza</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of <italic>Arcytophyllum nitidum</italic>
HBK</article-title>
<source><italic>Annali di Chimica</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<fpage>476</fpage>
<lpage>486</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84"><label>84</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnomedical field study in northern Peruvian Andes with particular reference to divination practices</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>243</fpage>
<lpage>256</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0037375271</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12639748</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85"><label>85</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Medicinal and magical plants in the northern Peruvian Andes</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>417</fpage>
<lpage>440</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026442370</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86"><label>86</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hammond</surname>
<given-names>GB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fernández</surname>
<given-names>ID</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Villegas</surname>
<given-names>LF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vaisberg</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A survey of traditional medicinal plants from the Callejon de Huaylas, Department of Ancash, Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0032077179</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9687078</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87"><label>87</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Plantas de Uso Etnobotánica de la Zona Baja de los Valles de Pativilca y Fortaleza, Provincia de Barranca, Lima [Tesis de Licenciado de Biología]</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88"><label>88</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Farnsworth</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Akerele</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bingel</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Soejarto</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Medicinal plants in therapy</article-title>
<source><italic>Bulletin of the World Health Organization</italic>
</source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>965</fpage>
<lpage>981</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0022191565</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3879679</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89"><label>89</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Seguin</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>La Enfermedad el Enfermo y el Médico</italic>
</source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc>Madrid, Spain</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Piramide</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90"><label>90</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Seguin</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Medicinas Tradicionales Y Medicina Folkórica</italic>
</source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Banco Central de Reserva Peru</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B91"><label>91</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hayden</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>When Nature Goes Public, the Making and Unmaking of Bioprospecting in Mexico</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc>Oxford, UK</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Princeton University Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B92"><label>92</label>
<element-citation publication-type="confproc"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pallardel Peralta</surname>
<given-names>TH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plantas útiles para emergencia y primeros auxilios</article-title>
<conf-name>II Congreso Internacional de Plantas Tradicionales</conf-name>
<conf-date>1988</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Lima, Peru</conf-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B93"><label>93</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rutter</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Catálogo de plantas útiles de la Amazonia Peruana</article-title>
<source><italic>Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas</italic>
</source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>349</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B94"><label>94</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cabieses Molina</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>La Salud y los Dioses, La Medicina en el Antiguo Perú</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Científica del Sur</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B95"><label>95</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cabieses Molina</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Ayer y Hoy (Las Plantas Medicinales)</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Imprenta Luis Ramos Díaz</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B96"><label>96</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Venero</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Ferro</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Componentes de la Diversidad Biológica Peruana Patentados en el Extranjero, La Experiencia de Maca. Cómo combatir la biopiratería</article-title>
<source><italic>Como Prevenir la Biopirateria en el Peru Reflexiones y Propuestas</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Lerma Gómez E.I.R.L.</publisher-name>
<fpage>74</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B97"><label>97</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chumpitaz</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>De su propia medicina</article-title>
<source><italic>Somos</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1164</volume>
<fpage>28</fpage>
<lpage>31</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B98"><label>98</label>
<element-citation publication-type="other"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Portillo</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Peru’s patent win strikes blow against biopiracy. Science and Development Network</article-title>
<comment>2009, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scidev.net/en/news/peru-s-patent-win-strikes-blow-against-biopiracy.html">http://www.scidev.net/en/news/peru-s-patent-win-strikes-blow-against-biopiracy.html</ext-link>
</comment>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B99"><label>99</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fernández Honores</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodrígues Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>EF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Etnobotánica del Perú Pre-Hispáno</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc>Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Universidad Nacional Trujillo</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B100"><label>100</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Moran</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>King</surname>
<given-names>SR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carlson</surname>
<given-names>TJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biodiversity prospecting: lessons and prospects</article-title>
<source><italic>Annual Review of Anthropology</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>505</fpage>
<lpage>526</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0000633820</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B101"><label>101</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Iwu</surname>
<given-names>MM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Implementing the biodiversity treaty: how to make international co-operative agreements work</article-title>
<source><italic>Trends in Biotechnology</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>3-4</volume>
<issue>146</issue>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>107</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B102"><label>102</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Buitron</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Ecuador, Uso Y Comercio De Plantasmedicinales, Situacion Actual Y Aspectos importante sparasu conservación</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>TRAFFIC International</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B103"><label>103</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Raffauf</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>The Healing Forest</italic>
</source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc>Portland, Ore, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Dioscorides Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B104"><label>104</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Elisabetsky</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Castilhos</surname>
<given-names>ZC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plants used as analgesics by Amazonian caboclos as a basis for selecting plants for investigation</article-title>
<source><italic>International Journal of Crude Drug Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>309</fpage>
<lpage>320</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0025226623</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B105"><label>105</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cox</surname>
<given-names>PA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Balick</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery</article-title>
<source><italic>Scientific American</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>270</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>82</fpage>
<lpage>87</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0028456154</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8023119</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B106"><label>106</label>
<element-citation publication-type="confproc"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Amazonian ethnobotany and the search for new drugs</article-title>
<volume>185</volume>
<conf-name>Proceedings of the Ciba Foundation Symposium</conf-name>
<conf-date>1994</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Chichester, UK</conf-loc>
<publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>
<fpage>106</fpage>
<lpage>115</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B107"><label>107</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Who Owns Native Culture?</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Harvard University Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B108"><label>108</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Reid</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The economic realities of biodiversity</article-title>
<source><italic>Issues in Science and Technology</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>48</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B109"><label>109</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mooney</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Aprovechando la diversidad, una nota sobre la diversidad biológica y el conocimiento indígena</article-title>
<source><italic>América Indígena</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B110"><label>110</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Baker</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Borris</surname>
<given-names>RP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carté</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Natural product drug discovery and development: new perspectives on international collaboration</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Natural Products</italic>
</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>1325</fpage>
<lpage>1357</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0028808118</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7494142</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B111"><label>111</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Angulo</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Garrafa</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Nuevos enfoques en la investigación de plantas medicinales</article-title>
<source><italic>Medicina Tradicional Andina, Planteamientos Y Aproximaciones</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc>Cuzco, Spain</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CBC/CMA</publisher-name>
<fpage>351</fpage>
<lpage>384</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B112"><label>112</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Manek</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lettington</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Indigenous knowledge rituals, recognizing alternative worldviews</article-title>
<source><italic>Cultural Survival Quarterly</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>8-9</volume>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B113"><label>113</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Greaves</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cultural rights and ethnography</article-title>
<source><italic>General Anthropology</italic>
</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B114"><label>114</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bannister</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barrett</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Challenging the status quo in ethnobotany, A new paradigm for publication may protect cultural knowledge and traditional resources</article-title>
<source><italic>Cultural Survival Quarterly</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<fpage>10</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B115"><label>115</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ferro</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Cómo prevenir la Biopiratería en el Perú? Reflexiones y Propuestas</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Lerma Gómez E.I.R.L</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B116"><label>116</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Ferro</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Apuntes Sobre Agrobiodiversidad, Conservación, Biotecnología Y Conocimientos Tradicionales</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Lerma Gómez E.I.R.L.</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B117"><label>117</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Agurto</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comentarios de panelistas</article-title>
<source><italic>Como prevenir la Biopirateria en el Peru Reflexiones y Propuestas</italic>
</source>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Lerma Gomez E.I.R.L.</publisher-name>
<fpage>70</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B118"><label>118</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Abad</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Etnocidio y Resistencia en la Amazonia Peruana</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc>Cuenca, Spain</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B119"><label>119</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Unnikrishnan</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Suneetha</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Biodiversity, Traditional Knowledge and Community Health, Strengthening Linkages</italic>
</source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc>Yokohama, Japan</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>United Nations University-Institute of Advanced Studies</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B120"><label>120</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alam</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Belt</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Developing a medicinal plant value chain, Lessons from an initiative to cultivate kuti (<italic>Picrorhiza kurrooa</italic>
) in Northern India</article-title>
<source><italic>KIT Working Papers Series</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc>The Netherlands</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The Royal Tropical Institute (KIT)</publisher-name>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B121"><label>121</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Balick</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mendelsohn</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Assessing the economic value of traditional medicines from tropical forests</article-title>
<source><italic>Conservation Biology</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>128</fpage>
<lpage>129</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B122"><label>122</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Srivastava</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vietmeyer</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Medicinal plants, rescuing a global heritage</article-title>
<source><italic>The World Bank Technical Paper</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<issue>355</issue>
<publisher-loc>Washington, DC, USA</publisher-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B123"><label>123</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</collab>
<source><italic>Medicinal Plants for Forest Conservation and Health Care, Global Initiative for Traditional Systems</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-name>Non-Wood Forest Products No. 11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B124"><label>124</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Plants of the Four Winds—The Magic and Medicinal Flora of Peru</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc>Trujillo, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Graficart</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B125"><label>125</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Traditional medicinal plant use in Loja province, Southern Ecuador</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 44</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33947577886</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B126"><label>126</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 47</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34147199156</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B127"><label>127</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glenn</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kuhlman</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Townesmith</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal mixtures in traditional medicine in Northern Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>6, article 10</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77949427456</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B128"><label>128</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vandebroek</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Revene</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Health for sale: the medicinal plant markets in Trujillo and Chiclayo, Northern Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3, article 37</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-39549084287</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B129"><label>129</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lopez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Blending traditional and Western medicine: medicinal plant use among patients at Clinica Anticona in El Porvenir, Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Ethnobotany Research and Applications</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>185</fpage>
<lpage>199</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34147221592</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B130"><label>130</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garcia</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>From chamomile to Aspirin? Medicinal plant use among clients at Laboratorios Beal in Trujillo, Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Ethnobotany Research and Applications</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>399</fpage>
<lpage>407</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-73649138552</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B131"><label>131</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Malca-García</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glenn</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Minimum inhibitory concentrations of medicinal plants used in Northern Peru as antibacterial remedies</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>132</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>101</fpage>
<lpage>108</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77957817700</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20678568</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B132"><label>132</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Malca</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glenn</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Toxicity of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Northern Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>121</fpage>
<lpage>140</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-80052024136</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21575699</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B133"><label>133</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Diaz</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barocio</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Peruvian plants canchalagua (<italic>Schkuhria pinnata</italic>
(Lam.) Kuntze), hercampuri (<italic>Gentianella alborosea</italic>
(Gilg.) Fabris), and corpus way (<italic>Gentianella bicolor</italic>
(Wedd.) J. Pringle) prove to be effective in the treatment of acné</article-title>
<source><italic>Arnaldoa</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>149</fpage>
<lpage>152</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B134"><label>134</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Perez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antibacterial activity of north-peruvian medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Arnaldoa</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>127</fpage>
<lpage>148</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B135"><label>135</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Perez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Díaz</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ford</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rasheed</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antibacterial activity of Northern-Peruvian Medicinal Plants—a low cost laboratory.approach to assess biological activity</article-title>
<source><italic>Arnaldoa</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>127</fpage>
<lpage>148</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B136"><label>136</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glenn</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants of Northern Peru—part 2</article-title>
<source><italic>Arnaldoa</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>103</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B137"><label>137</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glenn</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Proving that traditional knowledge works: the antibacterial activity of Northern Peruvian medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Ethnobotany Research and Applications</italic>
</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>98</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-79952478503</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B138"><label>138</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glenn</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Phyto-chemical analysis of oeruvian medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Arnaldoa</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B139"><label>139</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Perez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>León</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Estudio fitoquímico y antibacteriana de mezclas de plantas medicinales. En búsqueda de nuevos componentes</article-title>
<source><italic>Pueblo Continente</italic>
</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>339</fpage>
<lpage>343</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B140"><label>140</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glenn</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cooling the heat traditional remedies for Malaria and fever in Northern Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Ethnobotany Research and Applications</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>125</fpage>
<lpage>134</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77955461885</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B141"><label>141</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Naming a phantom—the quest to find the identity of Ulluchu, an unidentified ceremonial plant of the Moche culture in Northern Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>5, article 8</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-65449179540</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B142"><label>142</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Revene</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tracing the supply of medicinal plants in Northern Peru—a plant collector’s tale</article-title>
<source><italic>Ethnobotany Research and Applications</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-47749121731</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B143"><label>143</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carrillo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Scientific validation? How bioprospecting laboratory practices contribute to the devaluation of traditional medicinal knowledge</article-title>
<source><italic>The Berkeley McNair Research Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>19</volume>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B144"><label>144</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Glass-Coffin</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Galvez</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>La mesa de Julia Calderón de Ávila</article-title>
<source><italic>Medicina Tradicional Conocimiento Milenario</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name>Museo de Arquelogía, Antropología e Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo</publisher-name>
<fpage>245</fpage>
<lpage>254</lpage>
<series>Serie Antropología 1</series>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B145"><label>145</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Galvez</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Galvez</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>La mesa de leoncio carrión</article-title>
<source><italic>Medicina Tradicional Conocimiento Milenario</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name>Museo de Arquelogía, Antropología e Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo</publisher-name>
<fpage>236</fpage>
<lpage>244</lpage>
<series>Serie Antropología 1</series>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B146"><label>146</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Galvez</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tuno y sus colegas: notas comparativas</article-title>
<source><italic>Medicina Tradicional Conocimiento Milenario</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name>Museo de Arquelogía, Antropología e Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo</publisher-name>
<fpage>255</fpage>
<lpage>267</lpage>
<series>Serie Antropología no 1</series>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B147"><label>147</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sánchez Garrafas</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sánchez Garrafas</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Medicina Tradicional Andina, Planteamientos y Aproximaciones</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc>Cuzco, Spain</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CMA/CBC</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B148"><label>148</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vergara</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vásquez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Medicina Tradicional, Conocimiento Milenario</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc>Trujillo, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Museo de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo</publisher-name>
<series>Serie Antropología</series>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B149"><label>149</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fernández</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Garrafa</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>La OMS y los sistemas médicos tradicionales</article-title>
<source><italic>Medicina Tradicional, Planteamientos y Aproximaciones</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc>Cuzco, Spain</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>CBC/CMA</publisher-name>
<fpage>325</fpage>
<lpage>371</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B150"><label>150</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Villar</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Villavicencio</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Manual de Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>OPS/OMS/EsSalud-Programa Nacional de Medicina Complementaria</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B151"><label>151</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McBride</surname>
<given-names>JF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Flora of Peru</italic>
</source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc>Chicago, Ill, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Field Museum of Natural History</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B152"><label>152</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Jørgensen</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>León-Yanez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador</article-title>
<source><italic>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>75</volume>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B153"><label>153</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jørgensen</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ulloa Ulloa</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Seed plants of the High Andes of Ecuador—a checklist</article-title>
<source><italic>AAU Reports</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>443</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B154"><label>154</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pestalozzi</surname>
<given-names>HU</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Flora Ilustrada Altoandina</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc>Cochabamba, Bolivia</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Herbario Nacional de Bolivia and Herbario.Forestal Nacional Martín Cardenas</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B155"><label>155</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ulloa Ulloa</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jørgensen</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Arboles y arbustos de los Andes del Ecuador</article-title>
<source><italic>AAU Reports</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>263</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B156"><label>156</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>van den Eynden</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cueva</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cabrera</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>‘Climbing Peanuts’ and “Dog’s Testicles”. Mestizo and Shuar plant nomenclature in Ecuador</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>279</fpage>
<lpage>306</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B157"><label>157</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Shadows of the colonial past-diverging plant use in Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>5, article 4</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-62849120572</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B158"><label>158</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><italic>Declaración de Alma Ata</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B159"><label>159</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Wizard of the Four Winds, A Shamans Story</italic>
</source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc>New York, NY, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Free Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B160"><label>160</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>El Chamán de los Cuatro Vientos</italic>
</source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-loc>DF, Mexico</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Siglo veintiuno editores</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B161"><label>161</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Millones</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lemlij</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tuno y sus colegas, notas comparativas</article-title>
<source><italic>En el Nombre del Señor, Shamanes, Demonios y Curanderos del Norte del Perú</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc>Lima, Peru</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Australis S.A.</publisher-name>
<fpage>128</fpage>
<lpage>147</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B162"><label>162</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Joralemon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Sorcery and Shamanism, Curanderos and Clients in Northern Peru</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc>Salt Lake City, Utah, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>University of Utah Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B163"><label>163</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oblitas</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Plantas Medicinales de Bolivia</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc>La Paz, Bolivia</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Editorial Los Amigos del Libro</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B164"><label>164</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kohli</surname>
<given-names>RP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dua</surname>
<given-names>PR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shanker</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saxena</surname>
<given-names>RC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Some central effects of an essential oil of <italic>Apium graveolens</italic>
(Linn.)</article-title>
<source><italic>The Indian Journal of Medical Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1967</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>1099</fpage>
<lpage>1102</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0014137642</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5594384</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B165"><label>165</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kulshrestha</surname>
<given-names>VK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saxena</surname>
<given-names>RC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kohli</surname>
<given-names>RP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A study of central pharmacological activity of alkaloid fraction of <italic>Apium graveolens</italic>
Linn</article-title>
<source><italic>The Indian Journal of Medical Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>102</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0014708978</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5439955</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B166"><label>166</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Choochote</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tuetun</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kanjanapothi</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Potential of crude seed extract of celery, <italic>Apium graveolens</italic>
L., against the mosquito <italic>Aedes aegypti</italic>
(L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Vector Ecology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>340</fpage>
<lpage>346</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-20044362560</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15707293</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B167"><label>167</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tafreshi</surname>
<given-names>AP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ahmadi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ghaffarpur</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>An Iranian herbal-marine medicine, MS14, ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>1083</fpage>
<lpage>1086</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-50149085078</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18570265</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B168"><label>168</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Emamghoreishi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khasaki</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Aazam</surname>
<given-names>MF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Coriandrum sativum: evaluation of its anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus-maze</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>365</fpage>
<lpage>370</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-21644444381</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15619553</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B169"><label>169</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bradwejn</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koszycki</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shlik</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (<italic>Centella asiatica</italic>
) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>680</fpage>
<lpage>684</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033725187</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11106141</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B170"><label>170</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Veerendra Kumar</surname>
<given-names>MH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gupta</surname>
<given-names>YK</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of <italic>Centella asiatica</italic>
on cognition and oxidative stress in an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin model of Alzheimer’s disease in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<issue>5-6</issue>
<fpage>336</fpage>
<lpage>342</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0038809806</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12859423</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B171"><label>171</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ernst</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal remedies for anxiety—a systematic review of controlled clinical trials</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>205</fpage>
<lpage>208</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-31044440957</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16428031</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B172"><label>172</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Saxena</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Flora</surname>
<given-names>SJS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Changes in brain biogenic amines and haem biosynthesis and their response to combined administration of succimers and <italic>Centella asiatica</italic>
in lead poisoned rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>547</fpage>
<lpage>559</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33645566107</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16597373</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B173"><label>173</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wijeweera</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arnason</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koszycki</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Merali</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola—(<italic>Centella asiatica</italic>
) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>9-10</issue>
<fpage>668</fpage>
<lpage>676</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33750507269</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16488124</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B174"><label>174</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Awad</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Levac</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cybulska</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Merali</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Trudeau</surname>
<given-names>VL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arnason</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the <italic>γ</italic>
-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system</article-title>
<source><italic>Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>933</fpage>
<lpage>942</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-36549072427</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18066140</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B175"><label>175</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Corral</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Martín-Dávila</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fortún</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Trends in neurological complications of endocarditis</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Neurology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>254</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>1253</fpage>
<lpage>1259</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-36148988035</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17260173</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B176"><label>176</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barbosa</surname>
<given-names>NR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pittella</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gattaz</surname>
<given-names>WF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Centella asiatica</italic>
water extract inhibits iPLA2 and cPLA2 activities in rat cerebellum</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>896</fpage>
<lpage>900</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-51549103684</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18455381</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B177"><label>177</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ponnusamy</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mohan</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nagaraja</surname>
<given-names>HS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Protective antioxidant effect of <italic>Centella asiatica</italic>
bioflavonoids on lead acetate induced neurotoxicity</article-title>
<source><italic>The Medical Journal of Malaysia</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<fpage>p. 102</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-58949100745</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B178"><label>178</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fejes</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kéry</surname>
<given-names>Á</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Blázovics</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Investigation of the in vitro antioxidant effect of <italic>Petroselinum crispum</italic>
(Mill.) Nym. ex A. W. Hill</article-title>
<source><italic>Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>150</fpage>
<lpage>156</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0344906197</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9703701</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B179"><label>179</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gaitonde</surname>
<given-names>BB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Joglekar</surname>
<given-names>SN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mechanism of neurotoxicity of cardiotonic glycosides</article-title>
<source><italic>British Journal of Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>223</fpage>
<lpage>229</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0017349707</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">13903</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B180"><label>180</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The toxicity of four native Indian plants: effect on AChE and acid/alkaline phosphatase level in fish <italic>Channa marulius</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Chemosphere</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>135</fpage>
<lpage>140</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-19444371100</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15910912</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B181"><label>181</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Molina-Hernandez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tellez-Alcantara</surname>
<given-names>NP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Diaz</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Perez Garcia</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Olivera Lopez</surname>
<given-names>JI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jaramillo</surname>
<given-names>MT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anticonflict actions of aqueous extracts of flowers of <italic>Achillea millefolium</italic>
L. vary according to the estrous cycle phases in Wistar rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>915</fpage>
<lpage>920</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-11144222613</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15597307</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B182"><label>182</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Lima</surname>
<given-names>TCM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morato</surname>
<given-names>GS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Takahashi</surname>
<given-names>RN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of the central properties of Artemisia verlotorum</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>326</fpage>
<lpage>329</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027183494</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8372149</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B183"><label>183</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ho</surname>
<given-names>NK</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Traditional Chinese medicine and treatment of neonatal jaundice</article-title>
<source><italic>Singapore Medical Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>645</fpage>
<lpage>651</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030431633</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9104069</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B184"><label>184</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gharzouli</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khennouf</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Amira</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gharzouli</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of aqueous extracts from <italic>Quercus ilex</italic>
L. root bark, <italic>Punica granatum</italic>
L. fruit peel and <italic>Artemisia herba-alba</italic>
Asso leaves on ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>42</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10189949</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B185"><label>185</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Classen</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Altmann</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gretener</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Souppart</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Skelton-Stroud</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Krinke</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Differential effects of orally versus parenterally administered qinghaosu derivative artemether in dogs</article-title>
<source><italic>Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>507</fpage>
<lpage>516</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033391112</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10661809</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B186"><label>186</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Haze</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sakai</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gozu</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adults</article-title>
<source><italic>Japanese Journal of Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>247</fpage>
<lpage>253</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036859391</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12499579</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B187"><label>187</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Amos</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chindo</surname>
<given-names>BA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abbah</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Postsynaptic dopamine (D2)-mediated behavioural effects of high acute doses of artemisinin in rodents</article-title>
<source><italic>Brain Research Bulletin</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>255</fpage>
<lpage>260</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0347123262</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14698358</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B188"><label>188</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Perazzo</surname>
<given-names>FF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>JCT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rehder</surname>
<given-names>VLG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Central properties of the essential oil and the crude ethanol extract from aerial parts of <italic>Artemisia annua</italic>
L</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacological Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>497</fpage>
<lpage>502</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0042327959</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12967596</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B189"><label>189</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vermiglio</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lo Presti</surname>
<given-names>VP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Moleti</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in the offspring of mothers exposed to mild-moderate iodine deficiency: a possible novel iodine deficiency disorder in developed countries</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>6054</fpage>
<lpage>6060</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-10344265942</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15579758</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B190"><label>190</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oh</surname>
<given-names>TY</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ahn</surname>
<given-names>GJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ahn</surname>
<given-names>BO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>WB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Increased susceptibility of ethanol-treated gastric mucosa to naproxen and its inhibition by DA-9601, sn <italic>Artemisia asiatica</italic>
extract</article-title>
<source><italic>World Journal of Gastroenterology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>47</issue>
<fpage>7450</fpage>
<lpage>7456</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-31144458385</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16437715</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B191"><label>191</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pereira</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tysca</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oliveira</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brum</surname>
<given-names>LFDS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Picada</surname>
<given-names>JN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ardenghi</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Neurobehavioral and genotoxic aspects of rosmarinic acid</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacological Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>199</fpage>
<lpage>203</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-22144480225</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16026713</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B192"><label>192</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Salah</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jäger</surname>
<given-names>AK</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Screening of traditionally used Lebanese herbs for neurological activities</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>145</fpage>
<lpage>149</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-11844263952</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15652288</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B193"><label>193</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>DH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jeon</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Son</surname>
<given-names>KH</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The ameliorating effect of oroxylin A on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Neurobiology of Learning and Memory</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>536</fpage>
<lpage>546</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33947727024</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17196405</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B194"><label>194</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Y-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Y-W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oh</surname>
<given-names>Y-J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Protective effect of the ethanol extract of the roots of <italic>Brassica rapa</italic>
on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in LLC-PK<sub>1</sub>
cells and rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>2436</fpage>
<lpage>2441</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33845371073</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17142978</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B195"><label>195</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Beong</surname>
<given-names>OL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hae</surname>
<given-names>GC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>W-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ho</surname>
<given-names>WL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Suk</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibition of microglial neurotoxicity by ethanol extract of <italic>Artemisia asiatica</italic>
Nakai</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>279</fpage>
<lpage>282</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-40549123394</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17886232</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B196"><label>196</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tortoriello</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Aguilar-Santamaría</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of the calcium-antagonist, antidiarrhoeic and central nervous system activities of <italic>Baccharis serraefolia</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>163</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030249106</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8887023</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B197"><label>197</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Newsholme</surname>
<given-names>SJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kellerman</surname>
<given-names>TS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Welman</surname>
<given-names>WG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pathology of a nervous disorder (pushing disease or “stootsiekte”) in cattle caused by the plant <italic>Matricaria nigellifolia</italic>
DC. (Asteraceae)</article-title>
<source><italic>Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>119</fpage>
<lpage>127</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0021443878</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6493726</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B198"><label>198</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Avallone</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zanoli</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Puia</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kleinschnitz</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schreier</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baraldi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacological profile of apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from <italic>Matricaria chamomilla</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Biochemical Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>1387</fpage>
<lpage>1394</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034213864</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10751547</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B199"><label>199</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zanoli</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Avallone</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baraldi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Behavioral characterisation of the flavonoids apigenin and chrysin</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<issue>1, supplement</issue>
<fpage>S117</fpage>
<lpage>S123</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034255092</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10930722</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B200"><label>200</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Block</surname>
<given-names>KI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gyllenhaal</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mead</surname>
<given-names>MN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in cancer care</article-title>
<source><italic>Integrative Cancer Therapies</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>128</fpage>
<lpage>148</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-2442680397</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15165499</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B201"><label>201</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dianova</surname>
<given-names>RG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of platyphylline on the activity of certain substances depressing the central nervous system</article-title>
<source><italic>Farmakologiia i Toksikologiia</italic>
</source>
<year>1960</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>106</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70449324563</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">13722610</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B202"><label>202</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vos</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Geerts</surname>
<given-names>AAJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Borgers</surname>
<given-names>JW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mars</surname>
<given-names>MH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Muskens</surname>
<given-names>JAM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Van Wuijckhuise-Sjouke</surname>
<given-names>LA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Senecio jacobaea</italic>
, deceiving beauty. <italic>Senecio jacobaea</italic>
poisoning</article-title>
<source><italic>Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<issue>24</issue>
<fpage>753</fpage>
<lpage>756</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0345754904</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12516386</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B203"><label>203</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Catalano</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cioni</surname>
<given-names>PL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Menichini</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bilia</surname>
<given-names>AR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morelli</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Kauranoid diterpenes in <italic>Gynoxys oleifolia</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>278</fpage>
<lpage>279</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027223259</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17235974</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B204"><label>204</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chandhoke</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ghatak</surname>
<given-names>BJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies on Tagetes minuta: some pharmacological actions of the essential oil</article-title>
<source><italic>The Indian Journal of Medical Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>864</fpage>
<lpage>876</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0014511675</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5820434</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B205"><label>205</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Marin</surname>
<given-names>RH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garcia</surname>
<given-names>DA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Martijena</surname>
<given-names>ID</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zygadlo</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arce</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Perillo</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anxiogenic-like effects of <italic>Tagetes minuta</italic>
L essential oil on T-maze and tonic immobility behaviour in domestic chicks</article-title>
<source><italic>Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>426</fpage>
<lpage>432</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0031858126</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9711465</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B206"><label>206</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guadarrama-Cruz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alarcon-Aguilar</surname>
<given-names>FJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lezama-Velasco</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vazquez-Palacios</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bonilla-Jaime</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antidepressant-like effects of <italic>Tagetes lucida</italic>
Cav. in the forced swimming test</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>277</fpage>
<lpage>281</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-55349141374</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18782612</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B207"><label>207</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Henderson</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yue</surname>
<given-names>QY</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bergquist</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gerden</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arlett</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>St John’s wort (<italic>Hypericum perforatum</italic>
): drug interactions and clinical outcomes</article-title>
<source><italic>British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>349</fpage>
<lpage>356</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036428646</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12392581</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B208"><label>208</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Szegedi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kohnen</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dienel</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kieser</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Acute treatment of moderate to severe depression with hypericum extract WS 5570 (St John’s wort): randomised controlled double blind non-inferiority trial versus paroxetine</article-title>
<source><italic>British Medical Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>330</volume>
<issue>7490</issue>
<fpage>503</fpage>
<lpage>506</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-14844296961</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15708844</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B209"><label>209</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Azaizeh</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saad</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khalil</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Said</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The state of the art of traditional Arab herbal medicine in the Eastern region of the Mediterranean: a review</article-title>
<source><italic>Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>229</fpage>
<lpage>235</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33745712171</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16786053</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B210"><label>210</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kasper</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anghelescu</surname>
<given-names>I-G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Szegedi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dienel</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kieser</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Superior efficacy of St John’s wort extract WS 5570 compared to placebo in patients with major depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial [ISRCTN77277298]</article-title>
<source><italic>BMC Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>4, article 14</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33747180134</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B211"><label>211</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Soulimani</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fleurentin</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mortier</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Misslin</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Derrieu</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pelt</surname>
<given-names>J-M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of <italic>Melissa officinalis</italic>
in the mouse</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0025752687</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1891490</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B212"><label>212</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Coleta</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Campos</surname>
<given-names>MG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cotrim</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pronça da Cunha</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparative evaluation of <italic>Melissa officinalis</italic>
L., <italic>Tilia europaea</italic>
L., <italic>Passiflora edulis</italic>
Sims. and <italic>Hypericum perforatum</italic>
L. in the elevated plus maze anxiety test</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacopsychiatry</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>S20</fpage>
<lpage>S21</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034928459</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11518069</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B213"><label>213</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Herrera-Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>García-Beltrán</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mora</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of hydroalcoholic extract from <italic>Salvia elegans</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>53</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33745935061</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16530995</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B214"><label>214</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abuhamdah</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Howes</surname>
<given-names>M-JR</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacological profile of essential oils derived from <italic>Lavandula angustifolia</italic>
and <italic>Melissa officinalis</italic>
with anti-agitation properties: focus on ligand-gated channels</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>1515</fpage>
<lpage>1522</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-54949101667</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18957173</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B215"><label>215</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Morgan</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jorm</surname>
<given-names>AF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Self-help interventions for depressive disorders and depressive symptoms: a systematic review</article-title>
<source><italic>Annals of General Psychiatry</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>7, article 14</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-52649165161</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B216"><label>216</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lahlou</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Leal Interaminense</surname>
<given-names>LDF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Leal-Cardoso</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morais</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Duarte</surname>
<given-names>GP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of <italic>Ocimum gratissimum</italic>
leaves in rats: role of the autonomic nervous system</article-title>
<source><italic>Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>219</fpage>
<lpage>225</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-1942473814</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15053817</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B217"><label>217</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leal Interaminense</surname>
<given-names>LF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Leal-Cardoso</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Caldas Magalhães</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pinto Duarte</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lahlou</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Enhanced hypotensive effects of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum leaves and its main constituent, eugenol, in DOCA-salt hypertensive conscious rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>376</fpage>
<lpage>378</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-18744369623</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15856420</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B218"><label>218</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Prakash</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gupta</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Therapeutic uses of <italic>Ocimum sanctum</italic>
Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: a short review</article-title>
<source><italic>Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>125</fpage>
<lpage>131</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-18744389453</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16170979</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B219"><label>219</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ravindran</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Devi</surname>
<given-names>RS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Samson</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Senthilvelan</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Noise-stress-induced brain neurotransmitter changes and the effect of <italic>Ocimum sanctum</italic>
(Linn) treatment in albino rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacological Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>354</fpage>
<lpage>360</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-24744462994</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16113498</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B220"><label>220</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Freire</surname>
<given-names>CMM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Marques</surname>
<given-names>MOM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Costa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of seasonal variation on the central nervous system activity of <italic>Ocimum gratissimum</italic>
L. essential oil</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>161</fpage>
<lpage>166</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33645282493</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16303272</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B221"><label>221</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Borrelli</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The hallucinogenic herb <italic>Salvia divinorum</italic>
and its active ingredient salvinorin A inhibit enteric cholinergic transmission in the guinea-pig ileum</article-title>
<source><italic>Neurogastroenterology and Motility</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>69</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33644947581</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16371085</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B222"><label>222</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cosola</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Albrizio</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Guaricci</surname>
<given-names>AC</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Opioid agonist/antagonist effect of naloxone in modulating rabbit jejunum contractility in vitro</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>439</fpage>
<lpage>449</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33749606634</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17033096</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B223"><label>223</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mora</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Millán</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lungenstrass</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The hydroalcoholic extract of <italic>Salvia elegans</italic>
induces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>76</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33646671699</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16413718</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B224"><label>224</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Imanshahidi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hosseinzadeh</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The pharmacological effects of <italic>Salvia</italic>
species on the central nervous system</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>427</fpage>
<lpage>437</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33745447134</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16619340</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B225"><label>225</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Simone</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sorrentino</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Activity-directed isolation of spasmolytic (anti-cholinergic) alkaloids from <italic>Brugmansia arborea</italic>
(L.) Lagerheim</article-title>
<source><italic>International Journal of Pharmacognosy</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>43</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030849313</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B226"><label>226</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>HG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yoon</surname>
<given-names>SY</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>JY</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anticonvulsant effect of wogonin isolated from <italic>Scutellaria baicalensis</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>European Journal of Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>574</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>112</fpage>
<lpage>119</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-35348818692</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17692312</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B227"><label>227</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sarris</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a systematic review</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>703</fpage>
<lpage>716</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34547666959</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17562566</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B228"><label>228</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Okuyama</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Okamoto</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yamazaki</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Satake</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacologically active components of a Peruvian medicinal plant, Huanarpo (<italic>Jatropha cilliata</italic>
)</article-title>
<source><italic>Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>333</fpage>
<lpage>336</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0029983706</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8998840</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B229"><label>229</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Franco</surname>
<given-names>CIF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morais</surname>
<given-names>LCSL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Quintans</surname>
<given-names>LJ</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<name><surname>Almeida</surname>
<given-names>RN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Antoniolli</surname>
<given-names>AR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>CNS pharmacological effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sida cordifolia L. leaves</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>275</fpage>
<lpage>279</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-16244388279</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15814259</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B230"><label>230</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Demetriades</surname>
<given-names>AK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wallman</surname>
<given-names>PD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McGuiness</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gavalas</surname>
<given-names>MC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Low cost, high risk: accidental nutmeg intoxication</article-title>
<source><italic>Emergency Medicine Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>223</fpage>
<lpage>225</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-14944358156</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15735280</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B231"><label>231</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sonavane</surname>
<given-names>GS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sarveiya</surname>
<given-names>VP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kasture</surname>
<given-names>VS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kasture</surname>
<given-names>SB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anxiogenic activity of <italic>Myristica fragrans</italic>
seeds</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>239</fpage>
<lpage>244</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036361970</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B232"><label>232</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sufka</surname>
<given-names>KJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roach</surname>
<given-names>JT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chambliss</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anxiolytic properties of botanical extracts in the chick social separation-stress procedure</article-title>
<source><italic>Psychopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>219</fpage>
<lpage>224</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0035142515</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11205422</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B233"><label>233</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nogueira</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosa</surname>
<given-names>GJM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vassilieff</surname>
<given-names>VS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Involvement of GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor in the anxiolytic effect induced by hexanic fraction of <italic>Rubus brasiliensis</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>119</fpage>
<lpage>126</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-17044456564</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9683342</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B234"><label>234</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Toriizuka</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kamiki</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ohmura</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anxiolytic effect of Gardeniae Fructus-extract containing active ingredient from Kamishoyosan (KSS), a Japanese traditional Kampo medicine</article-title>
<source><italic>Life Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<issue>24</issue>
<fpage>3010</fpage>
<lpage>3020</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-26444463100</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15985266</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B235"><label>235</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Said</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tariq</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Al-Yahya</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rafatullah</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ginnawi</surname>
<given-names>OT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ageel</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies on <italic>Ruta chalepensis</italic>
, an ancient medicinal herb still used in traditional medicine</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>305</fpage>
<lpage>312</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0025263947</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2335958</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B236"><label>236</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Speroni</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Minghetti</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from <italic>Passiflora incarnata</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>488</fpage>
<lpage>491</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0024260065</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3212072</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B237"><label>237</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Herrera-Ruiz</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Román-Ramos</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zamilpa</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tortoriello</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jiménez-Ferrer</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Flavonoids from <italic>Tilia americana</italic>
with anxiolytic activity in plus-maze test</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>312</fpage>
<lpage>317</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-45449100516</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18539420</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B238"><label>238</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barreiro Arcos</surname>
<given-names>ML</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cremaschi</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Werner</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Coussio</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferraro</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anesini</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Tilia cordata</italic>
Mill. Extracts and scopoletin (isolated compound): differential cell growth effects on lymphocytes</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>34</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-31644438506</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16397918</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B239"><label>239</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aguirre-Hernández</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosas-Acevedo</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Soto-Hernéndez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>AL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Moreno</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>González-Trujano</surname>
<given-names>ME</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioactivity-guided isolation of <italic>β</italic>
-sitosterol and some fatty acids as active compounds in the anxiolytic and sedative effects of <italic>Tilia americana</italic>
var. <italic>mexicana</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>1148</fpage>
<lpage>1155</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-35348893232</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17823876</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B240"><label>240</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aguirre-Hernández</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>AL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>González-Trujano</surname>
<given-names>ME</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Moreno</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vibrans</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Soto-Hernández</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacological evaluation of the anxiolytic and sedative effects of Tilia americana L. var. mexicana in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>140</fpage>
<lpage>145</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33845524652</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16930893</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B241"><label>241</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pérez-Ortega</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Guevara-Fefer</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chávez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Sedative and anxiolytic efficacy of Tilia americana var. mexicana inflorescences used traditionally by communities of State of Michoacan, Mexico</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>461</fpage>
<lpage>468</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-40449121519</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18242902</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B242"><label>242</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Simone</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sorrentino</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>CNS pharmacological effects of aqueous extract from <italic>Iresine herbstii</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>International Journal of Pharmacognosy</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>184</fpage>
<lpage>188</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030054583</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B243"><label>243</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Alkaloids from <italic>Brugmansia arborea</italic>
(L.) Lagerhein reduce morphine withdrawal in vitro</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>826</fpage>
<lpage>829</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0012210118</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12916089</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B244"><label>244</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Faro</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacological effects of extracts from <italic>Valeriana adscendens</italic>
Trel—II. Effects on GABA uptake and amino acids</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>661</fpage>
<lpage>664</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0012209960</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12820236</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B245"><label>245</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mora</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Díaz-Véliz</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Millán</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from <italic>Aloysia polystachya</italic>
in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>373</fpage>
<lpage>378</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-28444496739</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B246"><label>246</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hellión-Ibarrola</surname>
<given-names>MC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ibarrola</surname>
<given-names>DA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Montalbetti</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The anxiolytic-like effects of <italic>Aloysia polystachya</italic>
(Griseb.) Moldenke (Verbenaceae) in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>400</fpage>
<lpage>408</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33646089211</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16386395</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B247"><label>247</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Autore</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Simone</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mascolo</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Attività gastrointestinale.di <italic>Huperzia</italic>
sp. (Lycopodiaceae)</article-title>
<source><italic>Atti Del IV Congresso Italo-Latinoamericano Di EtnomeDicina</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc>Roma, Italy</publisher-loc>
<fpage>p. 33</fpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B248"><label>248</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kawamoto</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Murase</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ishihara</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effect of lemon fragrance on simple mental performance and psychophysiological parameters during task performance</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of UOEH</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>305</fpage>
<lpage>313</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-29444451253</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16358924</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B249"><label>249</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lehrner</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Marwinski</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lehr</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Johren</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Deecke</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ambient odors of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office</article-title>
<source><italic>Physiology and Behavior</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>92</fpage>
<lpage>95</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-24944583186</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16095639</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B250"><label>250</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Imura</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The psychological effects of aromatherapy-massage in healthy postpartum mothers</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>e21</fpage>
<lpage>e27</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33644519290</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B251"><label>251</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Komiya</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Takeuchi</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harada</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Lemon oil vapor causes an anti-stress effect via modulating the 5-HT and DA activities in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Behavioural Brain Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>172</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>240</fpage>
<lpage>249</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33746596175</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16780969</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B252"><label>252</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Moraes Pultrini</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Almeida Galindo</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Costa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of the essential oil from <italic>Citrus aurantium</italic>
L. in experimental anxiety models in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Life Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<issue>15</issue>
<fpage>1720</fpage>
<lpage>1725</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33244459385</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16253279</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B253"><label>253</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yi</surname>
<given-names>L-T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>J-M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Y-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pan</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Q</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kong</surname>
<given-names>L-D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antidepressant-like behavioral and neurochemical effects of the citrus-associated chemical apigenin</article-title>
<source><italic>Life Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<issue>13-14</issue>
<fpage>741</fpage>
<lpage>751</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-40649126076</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18308340</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B254"><label>254</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leathwood</surname>
<given-names>PD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chauffard</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Heck</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Munoz-Box</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Aqueous extract of valerian root (<italic>Valeriana officinalis</italic>
L.) improves sleep quality in man</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior</italic>
</source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>65</fpage>
<lpage>70</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019992625</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B255a"><label>255</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>DH</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Combined use of omeprazole and a novel antioxidative cytoprotectant for the treatment of peptic ulcer: facilitation of ulcer healing in experimental animals</article-title>
<source><italic>Drug Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>387</fpage>
<lpage>393</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-22544463362</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16080278</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B255b"><label>256</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leathwood</surname>
<given-names>PD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chauffard</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1985</year>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>144</fpage>
<lpage>148</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0022042615</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">4034730</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B256"><label>257</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dunayev</surname>
<given-names>VV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Trzhetsinsky</surname>
<given-names>SD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tishkin</surname>
<given-names>VS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fursa</surname>
<given-names>NS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Linenko</surname>
<given-names>VI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stets</surname>
<given-names>VR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological activity of the sum of valepotriates isolated from Val. alliariifolia Adams</article-title>
<source><italic>Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya</italic>
</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0023442786</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B257"><label>258</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leuschner</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Muller</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rudmann</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Characterisation of the central nervous depressant activity of a commercially available valerian root extract</article-title>
<source><italic>Drug Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>638</fpage>
<lpage>641</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027193526</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8352816</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B258"><label>259</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Santos</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferreira</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cunha</surname>
<given-names>AP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>AP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Macedo</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An aqueous extract of <italic>valerian</italic>
influences the transport of GABA in synaptosomes</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>278</fpage>
<lpage>279</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0028365501</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8073095</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B259"><label>260</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Santos</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferreira</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Faro</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The amount of GABA present in aqueous extracts of <italic>valerian</italic>
is nt to account for [3H]GABA release in synaptosomes</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>475</fpage>
<lpage>476</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0028063798</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7997482</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B260"><label>261</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cavadas</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Araujo</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cotrim</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>In vitro study on the interaction of Valeriana officinalis L. extracts and their amino acids on GABA(A) receptor in rat brain</article-title>
<source><italic>Drug Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>753</fpage>
<lpage>755</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0029063620</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8573216</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B261"><label>262</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Di Giannuario</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Loizzo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pieretti</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sagratella</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sorrentino</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Dexamethasone selective inhibition of acute opioid physical dependence in isolated tissues</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>276</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>743</fpage>
<lpage>751</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030087909</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8632345</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B262"><label>263</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Houghton</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The scientific basis for the reputed activity of valerian</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>505</fpage>
<lpage>512</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033063823</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10411208</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B263"><label>264</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ortiz</surname>
<given-names>JG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nieves-Natal</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chavez</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of <italic>Valeriana officinalis</italic>
extracts on [3H]flunitrazepam binding, synaptosomal [3H]GABA uptake, and hippocampal [3H]GABA release</article-title>
<source><italic>Neurochemical Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>1373</fpage>
<lpage>1378</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0032589593</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10555777</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B264"><label>265</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Miyasaka</surname>
<given-names>LS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Atallah</surname>
<given-names>AN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Soares</surname>
<given-names>BG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Valerian for anxiety disorders</article-title>
<source><italic>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<issue>4</issue>
<pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CD004515</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B265"><label>266</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bhattacharyya</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jana</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Debnath</surname>
<given-names>PK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sur</surname>
<given-names>TK</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Initial exploratory observational pharmacology of <italic>Valeriana wallichii</italic>
on stress management: a clinical report</article-title>
<source><italic>Nepal Medical College Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>36</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-35748960827</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17593676</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B266"><label>267</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fachinetto</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Villarinho</surname>
<given-names>JG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wagner</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Valeriana officinalis does not alter the orofacial dyskinesia induced by haloperidol in rats: role of dopamine transporter</article-title>
<source><italic>Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>1478</fpage>
<lpage>1486</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34548143367</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17669571</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B267"><label>268</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Geller</surname>
<given-names>SE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Studee</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Botanical and dietary supplements for mood and anxiety in menopausal women</article-title>
<source><italic>Menopause</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>541</fpage>
<lpage>549</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34447283308</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17194961</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B268"><label>269</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Krystal</surname>
<given-names>AD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Treating the health, quality of life, and functional impairments in insomnia</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34248570958</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17557457</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B269"><label>270</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Saeed</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bloch</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Antonacci</surname>
<given-names>DJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal and dietary supplements for treatment of anxiety disorders</article-title>
<source><italic>American Family Physician</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>549</fpage>
<lpage>556</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34548301907</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17853630</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B270"><label>271</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>J-K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Huo</surname>
<given-names>J-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Du</surname>
<given-names>X-W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacological effects of volatile oil of <italic>Valeriana amurensis</italic>
on CNS</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>977</fpage>
<lpage>980</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-47749097993</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18074850</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B271"><label>272</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yao</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ritchie</surname>
<given-names>HE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brown-Woodman</surname>
<given-names>PD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A developmental toxicity-screening test of valerian</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>204</fpage>
<lpage>209</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34547743764</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17611059</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B272"><label>273</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hattesohl</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Feistel</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sievers</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lehnfeld</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hegger</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Winterhoff</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Extracts of <italic>Valeriana officinalis</italic>
L. s.l. show anxiolytic and antidepressant effects but neither sedative nor myorelaxant properties</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>2</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-37549018503</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18160026</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B273"><label>274</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tariq</surname>
<given-names>SH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pulisetty</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacotherapy for Insomnia</article-title>
<source><italic>Clinics in Geriatric Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>105</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-38949147202</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18035234</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B274"><label>275</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bhattacharya</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pal</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chaudhuri</surname>
<given-names>AKN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Neuropharmacological studies on <italic>Mikania cordata</italic>
root extract</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>483</fpage>
<lpage>487</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0024261167</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3212071</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B275"><label>276</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Smet</surname>
<given-names>PAGM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A multidisciplinary overview of intoxicating snuff rituals in the western hemisphere</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>49</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0021978908</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3887041</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B276"><label>277</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Berenguer</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Consumo nasal de alucinogenos en Tiwanaku, una aproximacidn.iconogrifica</article-title>
<source><italic>Boletin del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino</italic>
</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>53</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B277"><label>278</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Status of research on psychoactive snuff powders, a review of the literature</article-title>
<source><italic>Jahrbuch für Ethnomedizin</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B278"><label>279</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Repke</surname>
<given-names>DB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chan</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Snuff powders from pre-Hispanic San Pedro de Atacama, chemical and contestual analysis</article-title>
<source><italic>Current Anthropology</italic>
</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<fpage>640</fpage>
<lpage>649</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B279"><label>280</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Repke</surname>
<given-names>DB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The Use of <italic>Anadenanrhera colubrina</italic>
var. <italic>cebil</italic>
by Wichi (Mataco) Shamans of the Chaco Central, Argentina</article-title>
<source><italic>Jahrbuch für Ethnomedizin</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B280"><label>281</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Archaeological evidence for the antiquity of psychoactive plant use in the Central Andes</article-title>
<source><italic>Annuli dei Musei Civici Roverero</italic>
</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>291</fpage>
<lpage>326</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B281"><label>282</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A new narcotic genus from the Amazon slope in the Colombian Andes</article-title>
<source><italic>Botanical Museum Leaflets</italic>
</source>
<year>1955</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B282"><label>283</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Furst</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An overview of hallucinogens in western hemisphere.</article-title>
<source><italic>Flesh of the Gods, the Ritual Use of Hallucinogens</italic>
</source>
<year>1972</year>
<publisher-loc>New York, NY, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Praeger</publisher-name>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>54</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B283"><label>284</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Holmstedt</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>De plantis toxicariis e mundo novo tropicale commentationes—XI. The ethnobotanical significance of additives to New World hallucinogens</article-title>
<source><italic>Plant Science Bulletin</italic>
</source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>34</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B284"><label>285</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>De plantis toxicariis e mundo novo commentationes—X. New data on the <italic>Malpighiaceous narcotics</italic>
of South America</article-title>
<source><italic>Botanical Museum Leaflets</italic>
</source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<fpage>137</fpage>
<lpage>147</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B285"><label>286</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schultes</surname>
<given-names>RE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Hawkes</surname>
<given-names>JG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lester</surname>
<given-names>RN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shelding</surname>
<given-names>AD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Solanaceous hallucinogens</italic>
and their role in the development of the new world cultures</article-title>
<source><italic>The Biology and Taxonomy of Solanaceae</italic>
</source>
<year>1979</year>
<publisher-loc>London, UK</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Academic Press</publisher-name>
<fpage>137</fpage>
<lpage>160</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B286"><label>287</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lockwood</surname>
<given-names>TE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The ethnobotany of <italic>Brugmansia</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>147</fpage>
<lpage>164</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0018618845</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">542011</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B287"><label>288</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rojas</surname>
<given-names>JJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ochoa</surname>
<given-names>VJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ocampo</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>JF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: a possible alternative in the treatment of non-nosocomial infections</article-title>
<source><italic>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>6, article 2</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33644841699</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B288"><label>289</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roses</surname>
<given-names>OE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Villaamii</surname>
<given-names>EE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garcia Fernandez</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miño</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Accion farmacodinamica de las flores de la <italic>Brugmansia candida</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<fpage>120</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B289"><label>290</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roses</surname>
<given-names>OE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gambaro</surname>
<given-names>VE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rofi</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>La presencia de norhioscina y hioscina en flores de <italic>Brugmansia candida</italic>
Pers. como posible caracteristica de su procedencia</article-title>
<source><italic>Acta Farmacologica Bonaerense</italic>
</source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>90</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B290"><label>291</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roses</surname>
<given-names>OE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lopez</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garcia Fernandez</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Aislamiento e identificación de alcaloides del tropano en especies del género <italic>Brugmansia</italic>
(Solanaceae)</article-title>
<source><italic>Acta Farmacologica Bonaerense</italic>
</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>174</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B291"><label>292</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gambaro</surname>
<given-names>VE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roses</surname>
<given-names>OE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>La presencia de nicotina en extractos y decocciones de flores.de <italic>Brugmansia candida</italic>
Pers</article-title>
<source><italic>Acta Farmacologica Bonaerense</italic>
</source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B292"><label>293</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pinto</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mascolo</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Autore</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Reduction of agonist-induced contractions of guinea-pig isolated ileum by flavonoids</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>87</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026031623</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B293"><label>294</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Di Giannuario</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Loizzo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pieretti</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sorrentino</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Central interaction of dexamethasone and RU-38486 on morphine antinociception in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Life Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<issue>14</issue>
<fpage>PL139</fpage>
<lpage>PL143</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026646609</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1518370</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B294"><label>295</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Simone</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sorrentino</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacological effects of aqueous extract from <italic>Valeriana adscendens</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<fpage>309</fpage>
<lpage>312</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B295"><label>296</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capasso</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Feo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Central nervous system pharmacological effects of plants from northern Peruvian Andes: <italic>Valeriana adscendens</italic>
, Iresine herbstii and Brugmansia arborea</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmaceutical Biology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>274</fpage>
<lpage>293</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036405316</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B296"><label>297</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Anaya Reyes-Gavilan</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tacoronte Morales</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nogueiras Lima</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fuentes Fiallo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Basterrechea Rey</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Determination of main alkaloids present in species of the <italic>Brugmansia section</italic>
, gen</article-title>
<source><italic>Datura Revista CENIC, Ciencia Quimica</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<fpage>90</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B297"><label>298</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Griffin</surname>
<given-names>WJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>GD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chemotaxonomy and geographical distribution of tropane alkaloids</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytochemistry</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>623</fpage>
<lpage>637</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034620695</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10746874</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B298"><label>299</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Plowman</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Brunfelsia in ethnomedicine</article-title>
<source><italic>Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University</italic>
</source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<fpage>289</fpage>
<lpage>320</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0017560828</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B299"><label>300</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Poindexter</surname>
<given-names>EH</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<name><surname>Carpenter</surname>
<given-names>RD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Isolation of harmane and nor-harmane from cigarette smoke</article-title>
<source><italic>Chemistry and Industry</italic>
</source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>p. 176</fpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B300"><label>301</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wilbert</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tobacco and shamanism in South America</article-title>
<source><italic>Psychoactive Plants of the World</italic>
</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<publisher-loc>London, UK</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Yale University Press</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B301"><label>302</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wilbert</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Furst</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tobacco and shamanistic ecstasy among the Warrao Indians of Venezuela</article-title>
<source><italic>Flesh of the Gods, the Ritual Use of Hallucinogens</italic>
</source>
<year>1972</year>
<publisher-loc>New York, NY, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Praeger</publisher-name>
<fpage>53</fpage>
<lpage>83</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B302"><label>303</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Janiger</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dobkin de Rios</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Nicotiana</italic>
an hallucinogen?</article-title>
<source><italic>Economic Botany</italic>
</source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>149</fpage>
<lpage>151</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0346662997</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B303"><label>304</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Plotkin</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mittermeier</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Constable</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Psychotomimetic use of tobacco in Surinam and French Guiana</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>295</fpage>
<lpage>297</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019156878</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7412337</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B304"><label>305</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Elferink</surname>
<given-names>JGR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The narcotic and hallucinogenic use of tobacco in pre-Columbian Central America</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>111</fpage>
<lpage>122</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0020691992</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6339825</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B305"><label>306</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Knauer</surname>
<given-names>LA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Maloney</surname>
<given-names>WJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A preliminary note on the psychic action of mescaline with.special reference to the mechanism of visual hallucinations</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders</italic>
</source>
<year>1913</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<fpage>425</fpage>
<lpage>436</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B306"><label>307</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Poisson</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Presence of mescaline in a Peruvian Cactaceae</article-title>
<source><italic>Annales Farmaceutiques Françaises</italic>
</source>
<year>1960</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>764</fpage>
<lpage>765</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0000660299</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B307"><label>308</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Klüver</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mescal and Mechanisms of Hallucinations</article-title>
<year>1966</year>
<publisher-loc>Chicago, Ill, USA</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>The University of Chicago Press</publisher-name>
<series>Phoenix Books</series>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B308"><label>309</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shulgin</surname>
<given-names>AT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mescaline: the chemistry and pharmacology of its analogs</article-title>
<source><italic>Lloydia</italic>
</source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>1–4</issue>
<fpage>46</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0015597328</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">4576313</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B309"><label>310</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shulgin</surname>
<given-names>AT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chemistry of phenethylamines related to mescaline</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Psychedelic Drugs</italic>
</source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>52</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0018293125</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">522167</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B310"><label>311</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pardanani</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>McLaughlin</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kondrat</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cooks</surname>
<given-names>RG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cactus alkaloids. XXXVI. Mescaline and related compounds from <italic>Trichocereus peruvianus</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Lloydia</italic>
</source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>585</fpage>
<lpage>590</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0017559306</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">600028</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B311"><label>312</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gennaro</surname>
<given-names>MC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gioannini</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giacosa</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Siccardi</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Determination of mescaline in hallucinogenic cactaceae by ion-interaction HPLC</article-title>
<source><italic>Analytical Letters</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<issue>13</issue>
<fpage>2399</fpage>
<lpage>2409</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0346662990</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B312"><label>313</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kovar</surname>
<given-names>K-A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chemistry and pharmacology of hallucinogens, entactogens and stimulants</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacopsychiatry</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>2, supplement</issue>
<fpage>69</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0031829115</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9754836</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B313"><label>314</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Davis</surname>
<given-names>EW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Sacred plants in the San Pedro cult</article-title>
<source><italic>Botanical Museum Leaflets</italic>
</source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<fpage>367</fpage>
<lpage>382</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B314"><label>315</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bruhn</surname>
<given-names>JG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Smet</surname>
<given-names>PAGM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>El-Seedi</surname>
<given-names>HR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Beck</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mescaline use for 5700 years</article-title>
<source><italic>The Lancet</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>359</volume>
<issue>9320</issue>
<fpage>p. 1866</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0037172402</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B315"><label>316</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McKenna</surname>
<given-names>DJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Towers</surname>
<given-names>GHN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abbott</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: tryptamine and <italic>β</italic>
-carboline constituents of Ayahuasca</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>195</fpage>
<lpage>223</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0021267860</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6587171</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B316"><label>317</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Riba</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anderer</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morte</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Topographic pharmaco-EEG mapping of the effects of the South American psychoactive beverage ayahuasca in healthy volunteers</article-title>
<source><italic>British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>613</fpage>
<lpage>628</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0035987184</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12047486</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B317"><label>318</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Riba</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Valle</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Urbano</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yritia</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morte</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Barbanoj</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Human pharmacology of ayahuasca: subjective and cardiovascular effects, monoamine metabolite excretion, and pharmacokinetics</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>306</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>83</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0038613425</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12660312</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B318"><label>319</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carlini</surname>
<given-names>EA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plants and the central nervous system</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>501</fpage>
<lpage>512</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0043199852</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B319"><label>320</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Da Silveira</surname>
<given-names>DX</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grob</surname>
<given-names>CS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Rios</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ayahuasca in adolescence: a preliminary psychiatric assessment</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Psychoactive Drugs</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>129</fpage>
<lpage>133</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-23344452836</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16149324</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B320"><label>321</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>O’Connor</surname>
<given-names>KA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Roth</surname>
<given-names>BL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Screening the receptorome for plant-based psychoactive compounds</article-title>
<source><italic>Life Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>506</fpage>
<lpage>511</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-27844512466</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16213532</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B321"><label>322</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Santos</surname>
<given-names>RG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Landeira-Fernandez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Strassman</surname>
<given-names>RJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Motta</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cruz</surname>
<given-names>APM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of ayahuasca on psychometric measures of anxiety, panic-like and hopelessness in Santo Daime members</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>507</fpage>
<lpage>513</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34347368713</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17532158</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B322"><label>323</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Frison</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Favretto</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zancanaro</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fazzin</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferrara</surname>
<given-names>SD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A case of <italic>β</italic>
-carboline alkaloid intoxication following ingestion of Peganum harmala seed extract</article-title>
<source><italic>Forensic Science International</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>179</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>e37</fpage>
<lpage>e43</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-47749148060</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18603389</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B323"><label>324</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<article-title>Implementation of the WHO Strategy for Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases</article-title>
<source><italic>WHO</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<issue>/MNC/CRA/O2.2</issue>
<publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B324"><label>325</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Weil</surname>
<given-names>AT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Coca leaf as a therapeutic agent</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse</italic>
</source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>75</fpage>
<lpage>86</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0018165709</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">696708</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B325"><label>326</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Biella</surname>
<given-names>CDA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salvador</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dias</surname>
<given-names>DA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dias-Baruffi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pereira-Crott</surname>
<given-names>LS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and phytochemical screening of <italic>Alternanthera tenella Colla</italic>
(Amaranthaceae) aqueous extracts</article-title>
<source><italic>Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>569</fpage>
<lpage>577</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-54349088036</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18949327</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B326"><label>327</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Braga</surname>
<given-names>FG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bouzada</surname>
<given-names>MLM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fabri</surname>
<given-names>RL</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antileishmanial and antifungal activity of plants used in traditional medicine in Brazil</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>396</fpage>
<lpage>402</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34047244176</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17234373</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B327"><label>328</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Atta</surname>
<given-names>AH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alkofahi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of some Jordanian medicinal plant extracts</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>117</fpage>
<lpage>124</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0031938766</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9582001</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B328"><label>329</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Holetz</surname>
<given-names>FB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pessini</surname>
<given-names>GL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sanches</surname>
<given-names>NR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cortez</surname>
<given-names>DAG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nakamura</surname>
<given-names>CV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dias Filho</surname>
<given-names>BP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases</article-title>
<source><italic>Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>1027</fpage>
<lpage>1031</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036782343</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12471432</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B329"><label>330</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pérez-García</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Marín</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adzet</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cañigueral</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Activity of plant extracts on the respiratory burst and the stress protein synthesis</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>38</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0035083331</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11292237</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B330"><label>331</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jarić</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Popović</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Macukanović-Jocić</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>An ethnobotanical study on the usage of wild medicinal herbs from Kopaonik Mountain (Central Serbia)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>160</fpage>
<lpage>175</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17145148</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B331"><label>332</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bardón</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Borkosky</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ybarra</surname>
<given-names>MI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Montanaro</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cartagena</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioactive plants from Argentina and Bolivia</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>227</fpage>
<lpage>231</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34047271613</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17335996</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B332"><label>333</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Enriquez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ortega</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lozoya</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Active components in Perezia roots</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>389</fpage>
<lpage>393</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019171283</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7421282</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B333"><label>334</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Uzun</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sariyar</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adsersen</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Traditional medicine in Sakarya province (Turkey) and antimicrobial activities of selected species</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>287</fpage>
<lpage>296</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-7044262071</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15507351</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B334"><label>335</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Caceres</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alvarez</surname>
<given-names>AV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ovando</surname>
<given-names>AE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Samayoa</surname>
<given-names>BE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of respiratory diseases. 1. Screening of 68 plants against Gram-positive bacteria</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>193</fpage>
<lpage>208</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026034809</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2023428</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B335"><label>336</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>NJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hebda</surname>
<given-names>RJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Contemporary use of bark for medicine by two salishan native elders of Southeast Vancouver Island, Canada</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0025264027</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2345461</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B336"><label>337</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gachet</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schühly</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Jacaranda—an ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>14</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-58049124947</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19010407</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B337"><label>338</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ishtiaq</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hanif</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ashraf</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Butt</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An ethnomedicinal survey and documentation of important medicinal folklore food phytonims of flora of Samahni valley, (Azad Kashmir) Pakistan</article-title>
<source><italic>Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>13</issue>
<fpage>2241</fpage>
<lpage>2256</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34447297817</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19070189</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B338"><label>339</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Molina-Salinas</surname>
<given-names>GM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pérez-López</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Becerril-Montes</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salazar-Aranda</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Said-Fernández</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>NWD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of the flora of Northern Mexico for in vitro antimicrobial and antituberculosis activity</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>435</fpage>
<lpage>441</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33846028547</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17000069</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B339"><label>340</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Abad</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bermejo</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carretero</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Martínez-Acitores</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Noguera</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Villar</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antiinflammatory activity of some medicinal plant extracts from Venezuela</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>68</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030453764</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9121169</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B340"><label>341</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kumarasamy</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cox</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jaspars</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nahar</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sarker</surname>
<given-names>SD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Screening seeds of Scottish plants for antibacterial activity</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>77</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036876316</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12413709</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B341"><label>342</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Linares</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bye</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A study of four medicinal plant complexes of Mexico and adjacent United States</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>153</fpage>
<lpage>183</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0023189781</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3613608</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B342"><label>343</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><italic>Mortality Country Fact Sheet Peru 2006. World Health Statistics</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B343"><label>344</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hebbar</surname>
<given-names>SS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harsha</surname>
<given-names>VH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shripathi</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hegde</surname>
<given-names>GR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnomedicine of Dharwad district in Karnataka, India—plants used in oral health care</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>261</fpage>
<lpage>266</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-4344630917</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15325728</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B344"><label>345</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hajhashemi</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ghannadi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharif</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of <italic>Lavandula angustifolia</italic>
Mill</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>67</fpage>
<lpage>71</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0141457510</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14522434</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B345"><label>346</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cruz-Vega</surname>
<given-names>DE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Verde-Star</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salinas-González</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antimycobacterial activity of <italic>Juglans regia, Juglans mollis, Carya illinoensis</italic>
and <italic>Bocconia frutescens</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>557</fpage>
<lpage>559</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-42949124959</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18338771</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B346"><label>347</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Deharo</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baelmans</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gimenez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Quenevo</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bourdy</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>In vitro immunomodulatory activity of plants used by the Tacana ethnic group in Bolivia</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>516</fpage>
<lpage>522</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-4744354399</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15500263</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B347"><label>348</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Heitzman</surname>
<given-names>ME</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Neto</surname>
<given-names>CC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Winiarz</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vaisberg</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hammond</surname>
<given-names>GB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Uncaria (Rubiaceae)</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytochemistry</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-11844297322</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15649507</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B348"><label>349</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Giron</surname>
<given-names>LM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Freire</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alonzo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Caceres</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora used by the Caribs of Guatemala</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>173</fpage>
<lpage>187</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0025866995</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1795521</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B349"><label>350</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wannissorn</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jarikasem</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Siriwangchai</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thubthimthed</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antibacterial properties of essential oils from Thai medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>233</fpage>
<lpage>236</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-14744271395</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15752638</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B350"><label>351</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Andrade-Cetto</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnobotanical study of the medicinal plants from Tlanchinol, Hidalgo, México</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>163</fpage>
<lpage>171</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-59849124842</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19146936</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B351"><label>352</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rakover</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ben-Arye</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goldstein</surname>
<given-names>LH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The treatment of respiratory ailments with essential oils of some aromatic medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Harefuah</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>147</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>783</fpage>
<lpage>838</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-58149316636</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19039907</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B352"><label>353</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carmona</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Llorach</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Obon</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rivera</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>‘Zahraa’, a Unani multicomponent herbal tea widely consumed in Syria: components of drug mixtures and alleged medicinal properties</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>344</fpage>
<lpage>350</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-27644559299</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16084679</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B353"><label>354</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mothana</surname>
<given-names>RAA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mentel</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Reiss</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lindequist</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Phytochemical screening and antiviral activity of some medicinal plants from the island Soqotra</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>298</fpage>
<lpage>302</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33645932297</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16557613</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B354"><label>355</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Petkov</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bulgarian traditional medicine: a source of ideas for phytopharmacological investigations</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>121</fpage>
<lpage>132</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0022606247</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">3520155</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B355"><label>356</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bielory</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Complementary and alternative interventions in asthma, allergy, and immunology</article-title>
<source><italic>Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<issue>2, supplement</issue>
<fpage>S45</fpage>
<lpage>S54</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-4344699953</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B356"><label>357</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Momani</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abu-Basha</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Janakat</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nicholas</surname>
<given-names>RAJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ayling</surname>
<given-names>RD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>In vitro antimycoplasmal activity of six Jordanian medicinal plants against three Mycoplasma species</article-title>
<source><italic>Tropical Animal Health and Production</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>515</fpage>
<lpage>519</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34548529794</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17969714</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B357"><label>358</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rivera</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Obón</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The ethnopharmacology of Madeira and Porto Santo islands, a review</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>73</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0029027655</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7650952</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B358"><label>359</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ritch-Krc</surname>
<given-names>EM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>NJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Towers</surname>
<given-names>GHN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Carrier herbal medicine: traditional and contemporary plant use</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0029986556</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8735452</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B359"><label>360</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Duarte</surname>
<given-names>MCT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Figueira</surname>
<given-names>GM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sartoratto</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rehder</surname>
<given-names>VLG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Delarmelina</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>305</fpage>
<lpage>311</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-13544272742</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15707770</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B360"><label>361</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Redžić</surname>
<given-names>SS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The ecological aspect of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of population in Bosnia and Herzegovina</article-title>
<source><italic>Collegium Antropologicum</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>869</fpage>
<lpage>890</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34948867186</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18041402</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B361"><label>362</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ali-Shtayeh</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yaniv</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mahajna</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnobotanical survey in the Palestinian area: a classification of the healing potential of medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>221</fpage>
<lpage>232</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033797507</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11025160</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B362"><label>363</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><italic>Urinary Tract Infections in Infants and Children in Developing Countries in the Context of IMCI</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B363"><label>364</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kirdpon</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kirdpon</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Airarat</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Trevanich</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nanakorn</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of aloe (<italic>Aloe vera</italic>
Linn.) on healthy adult volunteers: changes in urinary composition</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<fpage>S9</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-36048969430</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17044448</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B364"><label>365</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mishra</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dogra</surname>
<given-names>JV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>JN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jha</surname>
<given-names>OP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Post-coital antifertility activity of <italic>Annona squamosa</italic>
and <italic>Ipomoea fistulosa</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>283</fpage>
<lpage>285</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0018448082</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">432307</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B365"><label>366</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>S-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tsai</surname>
<given-names>C-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>J-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>C-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>M-L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The evaluation of reno- and hepato-protective effects of Huai-Shan-Yao (Rhizome Dioscoreae)</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Chinese Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>609</fpage>
<lpage>616</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0038352244</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12568288</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B366"><label>367</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wojcikowski</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wohlmuth</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>DW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rolfe</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gobe</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An in vitro investigation of herbs traditionally used for kidney and urinary system disorders: potential therapeutic and toxic effects</article-title>
<source><italic>Nephrology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>70</fpage>
<lpage>79</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-63149168047</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18808387</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B367"><label>368</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Samuelsen</surname>
<given-names>AB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033949036</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10904143</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B368"><label>369</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lans</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for reproductive problems</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3, article 13</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250871576</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B369"><label>370</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grases</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Melero</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Costa-Bauza</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Prieto</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>March</surname>
<given-names>JG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Urolithiasis and phytotherapy</article-title>
<source><italic>International Urology and Nephrology</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>507</fpage>
<lpage>511</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0028152561</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7860196</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B370"><label>371</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Masteiková</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Klimas</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Samura</surname>
<given-names>BB</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>An orientational examination of the effects of extracts from mixtures of herbal drugs on selected renal functions</article-title>
<source><italic>Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>89</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34249799569</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17619305</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B371"><label>372</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>CI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Van-Buren</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kroner</surname>
<given-names>CI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koning</surname>
<given-names>MMG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal medicines as diuretics: a review of the scientific evidence</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>31</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34648860634</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17804183</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B372"><label>373</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hernández</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Muñoz</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miró</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silva-Parra</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chávez</surname>
<given-names>PI</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Use of medicinal plants by ambulatory patients in Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy</italic>
</source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>2060</fpage>
<lpage>2064</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6496496</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B373"><label>374</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kieley</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dwivedi</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Monga</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ayurvedic medicine and renal calculi</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Endourology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>1613</fpage>
<lpage>1616</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-50149114569</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18620498</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B374"><label>375</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gillett</surname>
<given-names>NA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chan</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Applications of immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of immunosuppressive agents</article-title>
<source><italic>Human and Experimental Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>251</fpage>
<lpage>254</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033918036</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10918517</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B375"><label>376</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rahman</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Garlic and aging: new insights into an old remedy</article-title>
<source><italic>Ageing Research Reviews</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>56</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0344943236</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12437995</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B376"><label>377</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aggarwal</surname>
<given-names>BB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shishodia</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Suppression of the nuclear factor-<italic>κ</italic>
B activation pathway by spice-derived phytochemicals: reasoning for seasoning</article-title>
<source><italic>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>1030</volume>
<fpage>434</fpage>
<lpage>441</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-15044361086</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15659827</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B377"><label>378</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Darshan</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Doreswamy</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Patented antiinflammatory plant drug development from traditional medicine</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>343</fpage>
<lpage>357</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-2942639771</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15173991</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B378"><label>379</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zochling</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>March</surname>
<given-names>LM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lapsley</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cross</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tribe</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brooks</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Use of complementary medicines for osteoarthritis—a prospective study</article-title>
<source><italic>Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>549</fpage>
<lpage>554</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-1942436197</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15082486</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B379"><label>380</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ban</surname>
<given-names>JO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oh</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>TM</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory and arthritic effects of thiacremonone, a novel sulfurcompound isolated from garlic via inhibition of NF-<italic>κ</italic>
B</article-title>
<source><italic>Arthritis Research and Therapy</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>5, article R145</issue>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-75649083156</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B380"><label>381</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>H-S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>C-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tsai</surname>
<given-names>H-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salter</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 expression by diallyl sulfide on joint inflammation induced by urate crystal and IL-1<italic>β</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Osteoarthritis and Cartilage</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>91</fpage>
<lpage>99</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-57349112883</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18573668</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B381"><label>382</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Piscoya</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bustamante</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Okuhama</surname>
<given-names>NN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>MJS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sandoval</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Efficacy and safety of freeze-dried cat’s claw in osteoarthritis of the knee: mechanisms of action of the species Uncaria guianensis</article-title>
<source><italic>Inflammation Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>442</fpage>
<lpage>448</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034834257</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11603848</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B382"><label>383</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mur</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hartig</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Eibl</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schirmer</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Randomized double blind trial of an extract from the pentacyclic alkaloid-chemotype of uncaria tomentosa for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Rheumatology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>678</fpage>
<lpage>681</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036227152</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11950006</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B383"><label>384</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Setty</surname>
<given-names>AR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sigal</surname>
<given-names>LH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal medications commonly used in the practice of rheumatology: mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side effects</article-title>
<source><italic>Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>773</fpage>
<lpage>784</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-19544390715</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15942912</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B384"><label>385</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hardin</surname>
<given-names>SR</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cat’s claw: an Amazonian vine decreases inflammation in osteoarthritis</article-title>
<source><italic>Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>25</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33845932706</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17210508</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B385"><label>386</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Riehemann</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Behnke</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schulze-Osthoff</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plant extracts from stinging nettle (<italic>Urtica dioica</italic>
), an antirheumatic remedy, inhibit the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-<italic>κ</italic>
B</article-title>
<source><italic>FEBS Letters</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>442</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>89</fpage>
<lpage>94</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0032923512</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9923611</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B386"><label>387</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Randall</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Randall</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dobbs</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hutton</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sanders</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>305</fpage>
<lpage>309</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034081901</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10911825</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B387"><label>388</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Broer</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Behnke</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Immunosuppressant effect of IDS 30, a stinging nettle leaf extract, on myeloid dendritic cells in vitro</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Rheumatology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>659</fpage>
<lpage>666</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036222684</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11950004</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B388"><label>389</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schulze-Tanzil</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Souza</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Behnke</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Klingelhoefer</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Scheid</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shakibaei</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of the antirheumatic remedy Hox alpha—a new stinging nettle leaf extract—on matrix metalloproteinases in human chondrocytes in vitro</article-title>
<source><italic>Histology and Histopathology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>477</fpage>
<lpage>485</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036104360</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11962753</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B389"><label>390</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Konrad</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mähler</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arni</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Flogerzi</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Klingelhöfer</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Seibold</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ameliorative effect of IDS 30, a stinging nettle leaf extract, on chronic colitis</article-title>
<source><italic>International Journal of Colorectal Disease</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>17</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-11244346079</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15338166</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B390"><label>391</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khalifeh</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hananeh</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Al-Rukibat</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Okour</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Boumezrag</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Clinical and histopathological evaluation of MDP/collagen induced arthritis rat model (MCIA) after treatment with <italic>Urtica dioica, Plantago major</italic>
and <italic>Hypericum perforatum</italic>
L herbal mixture</article-title>
<source><italic>Experimental Animals</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>101</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-46949089553</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18421172</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B391"><label>392</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rayburn</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fleischbein</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Song</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Stinging nettle cream for osteoarthritis</article-title>
<source><italic>Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>60</fpage>
<lpage>61</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-68849092102</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19623834</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B392"><label>393</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ratheesh</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shyni</surname>
<given-names>GL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sindhu</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Helen</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Protective effects of isolated polyphenolic and alkaloid fractions of <italic>Ruta graveolens</italic>
L. on acute and chronic models of inflammation</article-title>
<source><italic>Inflammation</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>18</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-76149138459</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19777330</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B393"><label>394</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ratheesh</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shyni</surname>
<given-names>GL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sindhu</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Helen</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibitory effect of <italic>Ruta graveolens</italic>
L. on oxidative damage, inflammation and aortic pathology in hypercholesteromic rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology</italic>
</source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>285</fpage>
<lpage>290</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-79951673784</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20163942</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B394"><label>395</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guerra</surname>
<given-names>RNM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pereira</surname>
<given-names>H-AW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silveira</surname>
<given-names>LMS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Olea</surname>
<given-names>RSG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Immunomodulatory properties of <italic>Alternanthera tenella</italic>
Colla aqueous extracts in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>1215</fpage>
<lpage>1219</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0141920442</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12937788</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B395"><label>396</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Abad</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bessa</surname>
<given-names>AL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ballarin</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Aragón</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gonzales</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bermejo</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory activity of four Bolivian Baccharis species (Compositae)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>338</fpage>
<lpage>344</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-31344461314</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16202549</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B396"><label>397</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Menghini</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Massarelli</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bruni</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pagiotti</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of <italic>Spartium junceum</italic>
L. flower extracts: a preliminary study</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Medicinal Food</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>386</fpage>
<lpage>390</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33750617165</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17004903</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B397"><label>398</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lans</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brauer</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Boepple</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3, article 11</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250805326</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B398"><label>399</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cisár</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jány</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Waczulíková</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>1087</fpage>
<lpage>1092</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18570266</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B399"><label>400</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yeşilada</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Üstün</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sezik</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Takaishi</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ono</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Honda</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibitory effects of Turkish folk remedies on inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1<italic>α</italic>
, interleukin-1<italic>β</italic>
and tumor necrosis factor <italic>α</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0343765814</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9324006</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B400"><label>401</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ruta</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Alkaline phosphatase activity in basophil granulocytes of peripheral blood in rheumatic diseases</article-title>
<source><italic>Folia Histochemica et Cytochemica</italic>
</source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>177</fpage>
<lpage>182</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0014726370</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5477319</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B401"><label>402</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ageel</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mossa</surname>
<given-names>JS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Al-Yahya</surname>
<given-names>MA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Al-Said</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tariq</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Experimental studies on antirheumatic crude drugs used in Saudi traditional medicine</article-title>
<source><italic>Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>369</fpage>
<lpage>372</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0024462780</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2598777</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B402"><label>403</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hurst</surname>
<given-names>NP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kind</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ruta</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hunter</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stubbings</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Measuring health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis, validity, responsiveness and reliability of EuroQol (EQ-5D)</article-title>
<source><italic>British Journal of Rheumatology</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>551</fpage>
<lpage>559</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0031134856</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9189057</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B403"><label>404</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ruta</surname>
<given-names>DA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hurst</surname>
<given-names>NP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kind</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hunter</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stubbings</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Measuring health status in British patients with rheumatoid arthritis: reliability, validity and responsiveness of the short form 36-item health survey (SF-36)</article-title>
<source><italic>British Journal of Rheumatology</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>425</fpage>
<lpage>436</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0031828638</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9619895</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B404"><label>405</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guarrera</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lucia</surname>
<given-names>LM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnobotanical remarks on central and southern Italy</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3, article 23</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34447320479</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B405"><label>406</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><italic>Foodborne Disease</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B406"><label>407</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Handa</surname>
<given-names>SS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hepatoprotective activity of <italic>Apium graveolens</italic>
and <italic>Hygrophila auriculata</italic>
against paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxication in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>119</fpage>
<lpage>126</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0029617216</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8824736</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B407"><label>408</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmed</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alam</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Varshney</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hepatoprotective activity of two plants belonging to the Apiaceae and the Euphorbiaceae family</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>313</fpage>
<lpage>316</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036180285</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11849834</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B408"><label>409</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Subehan</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zaidi</surname>
<given-names>SFH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kadota</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tezuka</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibition on human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 by constituents of fennel (<italic>Foeniculum vulgare</italic>
): identification and characterization of a mechanism-based inactivator</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<issue>25</issue>
<fpage>10162</fpage>
<lpage>10167</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-38049001985</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17988092</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B409"><label>410</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Perez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>León</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Malca</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mezcla de extractos de plantas medicinales, singerismo o reacción química?</article-title>
<source><italic>Pueblo Continente</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>239</fpage>
<lpage>242</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B410"><label>411</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mahady</surname>
<given-names>GB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pendland</surname>
<given-names>SL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stoia</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>In vitro susceptibility of <italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic>
to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>988</fpage>
<lpage>991</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-29244471684</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16317658</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B411"><label>412</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Al Mofleh</surname>
<given-names>IA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alhalder</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mossa</surname>
<given-names>JS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Al-Soohalbani</surname>
<given-names>MO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rafatullah</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Aqueous suspension of anise “<italic>Pimpinella anisum</italic>
” protects rats against chemically induced gastric ulcers</article-title>
<source><italic>World Journal of Gastroenterology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>1112</fpage>
<lpage>1118</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34047110287</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17373749</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B412"><label>413</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nneli</surname>
<given-names>RO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Woyike</surname>
<given-names>OA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antiulcerogenic effects of coconut (<italic>Cocos nucifera</italic>
) extract in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>970</fpage>
<lpage>972</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-48749128262</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18521965</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B413"><label>414</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cavalcanti</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baggio</surname>
<given-names>CH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Freitas</surname>
<given-names>CS</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Safety and antiulcer efficacy studies of <italic>Achillea millefolium</italic>
L. after chronic treatment in Wistar rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>277</fpage>
<lpage>284</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33747706091</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16647233</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B414"><label>415</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yaeesh</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jamal</surname>
<given-names>Q</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>A-U</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gilani</surname>
<given-names>AH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies on hepatoprotective, antispasmodic and calcium antagonist activities of the aqueous-methanol extract of <italic>Achillea millefolium</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>546</fpage>
<lpage>551</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33746015050</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16619341</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B415"><label>416</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>S-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>T-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>C-C</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hepatoprotective effects of <italic>Arctium lappa</italic>
on carbon tetrachloride- and acetaminophen-induced liver damage</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Chinese Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>163</fpage>
<lpage>173</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033647831</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10999435</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B416"><label>417</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>S-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>C-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>C-C</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hepatoprotective effects of <italic>Arctium lappa</italic>
Linne on liver injuries induced by chronic ethanol consumption and potentiated by carbon tetrachloride</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Biomedical Science</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>401</fpage>
<lpage>409</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036728502</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12218354</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B417"><label>418</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dos Santos</surname>
<given-names>AC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Baggio</surname>
<given-names>CH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Freitas</surname>
<given-names>CS</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gastroprotective activity of the chloroform extract of the roots from <italic>Arctium lappa</italic>
L</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>795</fpage>
<lpage>801</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-43949093423</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18498717</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B418"><label>419</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schütz</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carle</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schieber</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Taraxacum</italic>
—a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>313</fpage>
<lpage>323</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33748430169</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16950583</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B419"><label>420</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grigoleit</surname>
<given-names>H-G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Grigoleit</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gastrointestinal clinical pharmacology of peppermint oil</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>607</fpage>
<lpage>611</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-21744452480</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16121522</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B420"><label>421</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>You</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yoo</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yoon</surname>
<given-names>H-G</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract from <italic>Taraxacum officinale</italic>
(dandelion) root against alcohol-induced oxidative stress</article-title>
<source><italic>Food and Chemical Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>1632</fpage>
<lpage>1637</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77952879582</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20347918</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B421"><label>422</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kuroda</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Takagi</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies on capsella bursa pastoris—II. Diuretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer action of ethanol extracts of the herb</article-title>
<source><italic>Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie</italic>
</source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>178</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>392</fpage>
<lpage>399</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0014496404</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">4390992</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B422"><label>423</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kuroda</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Akao</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kanisawa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miyaki</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibitory effect of <italic>Capsella bursa</italic>
pastoris on hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 3’ methyl 4 (dimethylamino)azobenzene in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>The Japanese Journal of Cancer Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>317</fpage>
<lpage>319</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0016240645</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B423"><label>424</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kuroda</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Akao</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of <italic>Capsella bursa pastoris</italic>
on liver catalase activity in rats fed 3’ methyl 4 (dimethylamino)azobenzene</article-title>
<source><italic>Gann, The Japanese Journal of Cancer Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>461</fpage>
<lpage>462</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0016697633</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B424"><label>425</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>An</surname>
<given-names>RB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jeong</surname>
<given-names>GS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Beom</surname>
<given-names>J-S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sohn</surname>
<given-names>DH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>YC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chromone glycosides and hepatoprotective constituents of <italic>Hypericum erectum</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Archives of Pharmacal Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>1393</fpage>
<lpage>1397</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70450169406</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19898802</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B425"><label>426</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Desmarchelier</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schaus</surname>
<given-names>FW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Coussio</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cicca</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of Sangre de Drago from <italic>Croton lechleri</italic>
Muell.-Arg. on the production of active oxygen radicals</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>103</fpage>
<lpage>108</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0343554045</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9406898</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B426"><label>427</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Review of Sangre de Drago (<italic>Croton lechleri</italic>
)—a South American tree sap in the treatment of diarrhea, inflammation, insect bites, viral infections, and wounds: traditional uses to clinical research</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>877</fpage>
<lpage>896</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0347359273</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B427"><label>428</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dharmani</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mishra</surname>
<given-names>PK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Maurya</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chauhan</surname>
<given-names>VS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Palit</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Desmodium gangeticum</italic>
: a potent anti-ulcer agent</article-title>
<source><italic>Indian Journal of Experimental Biology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>517</fpage>
<lpage>521</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-20444464121</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15991576</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B428"><label>429</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Melo</surname>
<given-names>GB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>RL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Melo</surname>
<given-names>VA</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of the aqueous extract of <italic>Hyptis pectinata</italic>
on liver mitochondrial respiration</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>359</fpage>
<lpage>362</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-18144381018</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15957370</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B429"><label>430</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>CM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Youn</surname>
<given-names>HJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chang</surname>
<given-names>HK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Song</surname>
<given-names>YS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>TOP1 and 2, polysaccharides from <italic>Taraxacum officinale</italic>
, attenuate CCl4-induced hepatic damage through the modulation of NF-<italic>κ</italic>
B and its regulatory mediators</article-title>
<source><italic>Food and Chemical Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>1255</fpage>
<lpage>1261</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77951622430</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20170702</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B430"><label>431</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aristatile</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Al-Numair</surname>
<given-names>KS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Veeramani</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pugalendi</surname>
<given-names>KV</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antihyperlipidemic effect of carvacrol on d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-65549104713</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19601392</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B431"><label>432</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Sereiti</surname>
<given-names>MR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abu-Amer</surname>
<given-names>KM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sen</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacology of rosemary (<italic>Rosmarinus officinalis</italic>
Linn.) and its therapeutic potentials</article-title>
<source><italic>Indian Journal of Experimental Biology</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>124</fpage>
<lpage>130</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0032957268</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10641130</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B432"><label>433</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Castillo-Juárez</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>González</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jaime-Aguilar</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-<italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic>
activity of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>402</fpage>
<lpage>405</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-60849113985</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19162157</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B433"><label>434</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gutiérrez</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alvarado</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Presno</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pérez-Veyna</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Serrano</surname>
<given-names>CJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yahuaca</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Oxidative stress modulation by <italic>Rosmarinus officinalis</italic>
in CCl 4-induced liver cirrhosis</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>595</fpage>
<lpage>601</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77951556647</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19827016</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B434"><label>435</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Harach</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Aprikian</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Monnard</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Rosemary (<italic>Rosmarinus officinalis</italic>
L.) Leaf extract limits weight gain and liver steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>566</fpage>
<lpage>571</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77951048822</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19918713</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B435"><label>436</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kawagishi</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fukumoto</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hatakeyama</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Liver injury suppressing compounds from avocado (<italic>Persea americana</italic>
)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>2215</fpage>
<lpage>2221</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-17944375396</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11368579</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B436"><label>437</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khasina</surname>
<given-names>EI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sgrebneva</surname>
<given-names>MN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ovodova</surname>
<given-names>RG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Golovchenko</surname>
<given-names>VV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ovodov</surname>
<given-names>YS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gastroprotective effect of Lemnan, a pectic polysaccharide from Duchweed <italic>Lemna minor</italic>
L</article-title>
<source><italic>Doklady Akademii Nauk</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>390</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>204</fpage>
<lpage>206</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B437"><label>438</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schuldt</surname>
<given-names>EZ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Farias</surname>
<given-names>MR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ribeiro-Do-Valle</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ckless</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparative study of radical scavenger activities of crude extract and fractions from Cuphea carthagenensis leaves</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>523</fpage>
<lpage>529</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-4744363259</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15500264</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B438"><label>439</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gürbüz</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Özkan</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yesilada</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kutsal</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used in folk medicine of Pinarbasi (Kayseri, Turkey)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<issue>1-3</issue>
<fpage>313</fpage>
<lpage>318</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-24644497737</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16085377</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B439"><label>440</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kültür</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Medicinal plants used in Kirklareli Province (Turkey)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>341</fpage>
<lpage>364</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17257791</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B440"><label>441</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Maity</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Banerjee</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bandyopadhyay</surname>
<given-names>SK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chattopadhyay</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Myristica malabarica</italic>
heals stomach ulceration by increasing prostaglandin synthesis and angiogenesis</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<issue>15</issue>
<fpage>1774</fpage>
<lpage>1778</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-58049195140</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19016406</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B441"><label>442</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yadav</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bhatnagar</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Free radical scavenging activity, metal chelation and antioxidant power of some of the Indian spices</article-title>
<source><italic>BioFactors</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<fpage>219</fpage>
<lpage>227</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-57349199393</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18997285</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B442"><label>443</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chaturvedi</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bhawani</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Agarwal</surname>
<given-names>PK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goel</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goel</surname>
<given-names>RK</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ulcer healing properties of ethanolic extract of <italic>Eugenia jambolana</italic>
seed in diabetic rats: study on gastric mucosal defensive factors</article-title>
<source><italic>Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>16</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70349382572</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19810572</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B443"><label>444</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chau</surname>
<given-names>C-F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>Y-L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of the insoluble fiber derived from <italic>Passiflora edulis</italic>
seed on plasma and hepatic lipids and fecal output</article-title>
<source><italic>Molecular Nutrition and Food Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>786</fpage>
<lpage>790</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-23944513770</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15995986</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B444"><label>445</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rudnicki</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silveira</surname>
<given-names>MM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pereira</surname>
<given-names>TV</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Protective effects of <italic>Passiflora alata</italic>
extract pretreatment on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative damage in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Food and Chemical Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>656</fpage>
<lpage>661</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33846826900</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17169472</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B445"><label>446</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Matsuda</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ninomiya</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Morikawa</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yasuda</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yamaguchi</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yoshikawa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hepatoprotective amide constituents from the fruit of <italic>Piper chaba</italic>
: structural requirements, mode of action, and new amides</article-title>
<source><italic>Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>20</issue>
<fpage>7313</fpage>
<lpage>7323</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-71749121016</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19775895</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B446"><label>447</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hou</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Qin</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ren</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (<italic>Oryza sativa</italic>
L. <italic>Japonica</italic>
) on chronically alcohol-induced liver damage in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>3191</fpage>
<lpage>3196</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77949401948</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20143824</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B447"><label>448</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Quílez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Berenguer</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gilardoni</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-secretory, anti-inflammatory and anti-<italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic>
activities of several fractions isolated from Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>583</fpage>
<lpage>589</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77951207722</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20152892</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B448"><label>449</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ratheesh</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shyni</surname>
<given-names>GL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Helen</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Methanolic extract of <italic>Ruta graveolens</italic>
L. inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in adjuvant induced model of arthritis in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Inflammopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>100</fpage>
<lpage>105</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-64049096540</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19205849</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B449"><label>450</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kaur</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jabbar</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Athar</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alam</surname>
<given-names>MS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Punica granatum</italic>
(pomegranate) flower extract possesses potent antioxidant activity and abrogates Fe-NTA induced hepatotoxicity in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Food and Chemical Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>984</fpage>
<lpage>993</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33744913511</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16426722</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B450"><label>451</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Faria</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Monteiro</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mateus</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Azevedo</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Calhau</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of pomegranate (<italic>Punica granatum</italic>
) juice intake on hepatic oxidative stress</article-title>
<source><italic>European Journal of Nutrition</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>271</fpage>
<lpage>278</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34547176684</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17514376</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B451"><label>452</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Toklu</surname>
<given-names>HZ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dumlu</surname>
<given-names>MU</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sehirli</surname>
<given-names>Ö</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pomegranate peel extract prevents liver fibrosis in biliary-obstructed rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>1287</fpage>
<lpage>1295</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34548455462</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17939210</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B452"><label>453</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Celik</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Temur</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Isik</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hepatoprotective role and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (<italic>Punica granatum</italic>
) flowers infusion against trichloroacetic acid-exposed in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Food and Chemical Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>145</fpage>
<lpage>149</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-58149181374</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19022327</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B453"><label>454</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jaggi</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Exploring the ameliorative potential of <italic>Punica granatum</italic>
in dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>1565</fpage>
<lpage>1574</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70350442671</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19367659</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B545"><label>455</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Washiyama</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sasaki</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hosokawa</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nagumo</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory constituents of sappan Lignum</article-title>
<source><italic>Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>941</fpage>
<lpage>944</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-66749088646</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19420769</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B456"><label>456</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Saewong</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ounjaijean</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mundee</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of green tea on iron accumulation and oxidative stress in livers of iron-challenged thalassemic mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Medicinal Chemistry</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>64</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77953510012</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20218965</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B457"><label>457</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><italic>Sexually Transmitted Infections Fact Sheet</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B458"><label>458</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Telefo</surname>
<given-names>PB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Moundipa</surname>
<given-names>PF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tchouanguep</surname>
<given-names>FM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Oestrogenicity and effect on hepatic metabolism of the aqueous extract of the leaf mixture of <italic>Aloe buettneri</italic>
, Dicliptera verticillata, Hibiscus macranthus and Justicia insularis</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>472</fpage>
<lpage>478</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036801075</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12385869</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B459"><label>459</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Adams</surname>
<given-names>JD</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<name><surname>Garcia</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Women’s health among the Chumash</article-title>
<source><italic>Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>125</fpage>
<lpage>131</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33745698808</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16550233</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B460"><label>460</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Niederhofer</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Is phytotherapy effective in menopausal dysphoric disorder?</article-title>
<source><italic>Menopause</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>p. 616</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-67649876378</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B461"><label>461</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kupfersztain</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rotem</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fagot</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kaplan</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The immediate effect of natural plant extract, <italic>Angelica sinensis</italic>
and <italic>Matricaria chamomilla</italic>
(Climex) for the treatment of hot flushes during menopause. A preliminary report</article-title>
<source><italic>Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>203</fpage>
<lpage>206</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0345255614</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14664413</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B462"><label>462</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Greenlee</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Atkinson</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stanczyk</surname>
<given-names>FZ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lampe</surname>
<given-names>JW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A pilot and feasibility study on the effects of naturopathic botanical and dietary interventions on sex steroid hormone metabolism in premenopausal women</article-title>
<source><italic>Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>1601</fpage>
<lpage>1609</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34548059159</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B463"><label>463</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhi</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Honda</surname>
<given-names>K-I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ozaki</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Misugi</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sumi</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ishiko</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Dandelion T-1 extract up-regulates reproductive hormone receptor expression in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>International Journal of Molecular Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>287</fpage>
<lpage>292</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-35148852027</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17671731</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B464"><label>464</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bourdy</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Walter</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Maternity and medicinal plants in Vanuatu—I. The cycle of reproduction</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>179</fpage>
<lpage>196</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026452976</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1453707</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B465"><label>465</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Komesaroff</surname>
<given-names>PA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Black</surname>
<given-names>CVS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cable</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sudhir</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of wild yam extract on menopausal symptoms, lipids and sex hormones in healthy menopausal women</article-title>
<source><italic>Climacteric</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>144</fpage>
<lpage>150</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034948453</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11428178</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B466"><label>466</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Russell</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hicks</surname>
<given-names>GS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Low</surname>
<given-names>AK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shepherd</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Brown</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Phytoestrogens: a viable option?</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of the Medical Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>324</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>185</fpage>
<lpage>188</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036789494</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12385490</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B467"><label>467</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>W-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>L-Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chung</surname>
<given-names>C-J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jou</surname>
<given-names>H-J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>T-A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Estrogenic effect of yam ingestion in healthy postmenopausal women</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of the American College of Nutrition</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>235</fpage>
<lpage>243</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-27744467929</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16093400</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B468"><label>468</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Parton</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gardner</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Williamson</surname>
<given-names>NB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Isocupressic acid, an abortifacient component of <italic>Cupressus macrocarpa</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>New Zealand Veterinary Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>109</fpage>
<lpage>111</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0009937024</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16031906</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B469"><label>469</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tsai</surname>
<given-names>Y-S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tong</surname>
<given-names>Y-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cheng</surname>
<given-names>J-T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>C-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>F-S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>H-Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pumpkin seed oil and phytosterol-F can block testosterone/prazosin-induced prostate growth in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Urologia Internationalis</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>269</fpage>
<lpage>274</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33749985105</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17033217</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B470"><label>470</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yong</surname>
<given-names>HL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sun</surname>
<given-names>HH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Se</surname>
<given-names>YC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of herbal extract mixture on menopausal urinary incontinence in ovariectomized rats</article-title>
<source><italic>BioFactors</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>178</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33748488265</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16971748</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B471"><label>471</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gossell-Williams</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Davis</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>O’Connor</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibition of testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate of Sprague-Dawley rats by pumpkin seed oil</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Medicinal Food</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>284</fpage>
<lpage>286</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33745855529</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16822218</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B472"><label>472</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nusier</surname>
<given-names>MK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bataineh</surname>
<given-names>HN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Daradkah</surname>
<given-names>HM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Adverse effects of rosemary (<italic>Rosmarinus officinalis</italic>
L.) on reproductive function in adult male rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Experimental Biology and Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>232</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>809</fpage>
<lpage>813</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34249747342</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17526773</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B473"><label>473</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chowdhury</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ghosh</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chandra</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum villosum berry extract against the dengue vector Stegomyia aegypti</article-title>
<source><italic>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>1, article 10</issue>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-42949144837</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B474"><label>474</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharma</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jacob</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Assessment of reversible contraceptive efficacy of methanol extract of <italic>Mentha arvensis</italic>
L. leaves in male albino mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036120727</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11891081</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B475"><label>475</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sharma</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jocob</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antifertility investigation and toxicological screening of the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of <italic>Mentha arvensis</italic>
L. in male albino mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0035102890</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11282436</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B476"><label>476</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ciganda</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Laborde</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal infusions used for induced abortion</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>235</fpage>
<lpage>239</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0038661172</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12807304</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B477"><label>477</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Batta</surname>
<given-names>SK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Santhakumari</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The antifertility effect of <italic>Ocimum sanctum</italic>
and <italic>Hibiscus rosa</italic>
sinensis</article-title>
<source><italic>The Indian Journal of Medical Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>777</fpage>
<lpage>781</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0015061478</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5097076</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B478"><label>478</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kasinathan</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ramakrishnan</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Basu</surname>
<given-names>SL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antifertility effect of <italic>Ocimum sanctum</italic>
L</article-title>
<source><italic>Indian Journal of Experimental Biology</italic>
</source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>23</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0015255849</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">4344433</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B479"><label>479</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Farnsworth</surname>
<given-names>NR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Waller</surname>
<given-names>DP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Current status of plant products reported to inhibit sperm</article-title>
<source><italic>Research Frontiers in Fertility Regulation</italic>
</source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0020146936</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12179631</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B480"><label>480</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmed</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ahamed</surname>
<given-names>RN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Aladakatti</surname>
<given-names>RH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ghosesawar</surname>
<given-names>MG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Reversible anti-fertility effect of benzene extract of <italic>Ocimum sanctum</italic>
leaves on sperm parameters and fructose content in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>59</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036399943</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12099405</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B481"><label>481</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Allan</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bilkei</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Oregano improves reproductive performance of sows</article-title>
<source><italic>Theriogenology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>716</fpage>
<lpage>721</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-11444266686</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15629791</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B482"><label>482</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>El-Ashmawy</surname>
<given-names>IM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saleh</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salama</surname>
<given-names>OM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of marjoram volatile oil and grape seed extract on ethanol toxicity in male rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>320</fpage>
<lpage>327</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34848842526</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17910615</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B483"><label>483</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>EAST</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effect of certain plant preparations on the fertility of laboratory mammals. 4. Sanguisorba officinalis L</article-title>
<source><italic>The Journal of Endocrinology</italic>
</source>
<year>1955</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>273</fpage>
<lpage>276</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77049243827</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">13252178</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B484"><label>484</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Conway</surname>
<given-names>GA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Slocumb</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plants used as abortifacients and emmenagogues by Spanish New Mexicans</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>241</fpage>
<lpage>261</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0018595421</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">232204</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B485"><label>485</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gutiérrez-Pajares</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zúñiga</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pino</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Ruta graveolens</italic>
aqueous extract retards mouse preimplantation embryo development</article-title>
<source><italic>Reproductive Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>667</fpage>
<lpage>672</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0345307586</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14613818</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B486"><label>486</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Freitas</surname>
<given-names>TG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Augusto</surname>
<given-names>PM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Montanari</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of <italic>Ruta graveolens</italic>
L. on pregnant mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Contraception</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>74</fpage>
<lpage>77</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-27744579090</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15639078</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B487"><label>487</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khouri</surname>
<given-names>NA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>EL-Akawi</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antiandrogenic activity of <italic>Ruta graveolens</italic>
L in male Albino rats with emphasis on sexual and aggressive behavior</article-title>
<source><italic>Neuroendocrinology Letters</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>823</fpage>
<lpage>829</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33644997884</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16380694</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B488"><label>488</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dhawan</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharma</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Beneficial effects of chrysin and benzoflavone on virility in 2-year-old male rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Medicinal Food</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>43</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036011232</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12511112</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B489"><label>489</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dhawan</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharma</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Aphrodisiac activity of methanol extract of leaves of <italic>Passiflora incarnata</italic>
Linn. in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>401</fpage>
<lpage>403</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0037883553</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12722149</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B490"><label>490</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Dhawan</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharma</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Restoration of chronic- <italic>δ</italic>
9-THC-induced decline in sexuality in male rats by a novel benzoflavone moiety from <italic>Passiflora incarnata</italic>
Linn</article-title>
<source><italic>British Journal of Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>138</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>117</fpage>
<lpage>120</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0037272570</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12522080</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B491"><label>491</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tabach</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodrigues</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carlini</surname>
<given-names>EA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Preclinical toxicological assessment of a phytotherapeutic product—CPV (based on dry extracts of <italic>Crataegus oxyacantha</italic>
L., <italic>Passiflora incarnata</italic>
L., and <italic>Valeriana officinalis</italic>
L.)</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-58149523224</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19048610</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B492"><label>492</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tajuddin</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ahmad</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Latif</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Qasmi</surname>
<given-names>IA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Aphrodisiac activity of 50% ethanolic extracts of <italic>Myristica fragrans</italic>
Houtt. (nutmeg) and <italic>Syzygium aromaticum</italic>
(L) Merr. & Perry. (clove) in male mice: a comparative study</article-title>
<source><italic>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>3, article 6</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-2442674129</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B493"><label>493</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mello</surname>
<given-names>FB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jacobus</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mello</surname>
<given-names>JRB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of <italic>Lantana camara</italic>
(Verbenaceae) on general reproductive performance and teratology in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Toxicon</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>459</fpage>
<lpage>466</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-13944282989</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15733567</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B494"><label>494</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Mello</surname>
<given-names>FB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jacobus</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cristina</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Mello</surname>
<given-names>JRB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of <italic>Lantana camara</italic>
(verbenaceae) on rat fertility</article-title>
<source><italic>Veterinary and Human Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0037306495</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12583691</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B495"><label>495</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Verma</surname>
<given-names>OP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chatterjee</surname>
<given-names>SN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antifertility effects of common edible <italic>Portulaca oleracea</italic>
on the reproductive organs of male albino mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Indian Journal of Medical Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>301</fpage>
<lpage>310</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0020471769</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7085028</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B496"><label>496</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shobeiri</surname>
<given-names>SF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharei</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Heidari</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kianbakht</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Portulaca oleracea</italic>
L. in the treatment of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding: a pilot clinical trial</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>1411</fpage>
<lpage>1414</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70349918780</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19274703</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B497"><label>497</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>De Zwaan</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Daemen</surname>
<given-names>MJAP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hermens</surname>
<given-names>WT</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Mechanisms of cell death in acute myocardial infarction, pathophysiological implications for treatment</article-title>
<source><italic>Netherlands Heart Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>30</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B498"><label>498</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kreider</surname>
<given-names>RB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wilborn</surname>
<given-names>CD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>ISSN exercise and sport nutrition review: research and recommendations</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>7, article 7</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77953005143</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B499"><label>499</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Neel</surname>
<given-names>JV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Salzano</surname>
<given-names>FM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Unqueira</surname>
<given-names>PC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Keiter</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Maybury-Lewis</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies on the Xavante Indians of the Brazilian Mato Grosso</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Human Genetics</italic>
</source>
<year>1964</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<fpage>52</fpage>
<lpage>140</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0002688016</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14131874</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B500"><label>500</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Botsaris</surname>
<given-names>AS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plants used traditionally to treat malaria in Brazil: the archives of Flora Medicinal</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3, article 18</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250835560</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B501"><label>501</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Abrahams</surname>
<given-names>DG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cockshott</surname>
<given-names>WP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Multiple non-luetic aneurysms in young Nigerians</article-title>
<source><italic>British Heart Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<fpage>83</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-73649191061</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">13859019</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B502"><label>502</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Murthy</surname>
<given-names>MSN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effect of amino-nitrile-induced vascular injury on cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in Rabbits</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Pathology</italic>
</source>
<year>1964</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>247</fpage>
<lpage>253</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14119169</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B503"><label>503</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kramsch</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Franzblau</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hollander</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The protein and lipid composition of arterial elastin and its relationship to lipid accumulation in the atherosclerotic plaque</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Clinical Investigation</italic>
</source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>1666</fpage>
<lpage>1677</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0015107646</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5097573</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B504"><label>504</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Levene</surname>
<given-names>CI</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Atherosclerosis—disease of old age or infancy?</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Clinical Pathology</italic>
</source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<fpage>165</fpage>
<lpage>173</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0018157740</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32191</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B505"><label>505</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ali</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nozaki</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Current therapeutics, their problems, and sulfur-containing-amino-acid metabolism as a novel target against infections by “amitochondriate” protozoan parasites</article-title>
<source><italic>Clinical Microbiology Reviews</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>164</fpage>
<lpage>187</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33846503255</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17223627</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B506"><label>506</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lev</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethno-diversity within current ethno-pharmacology as part of Israeli traditional medicine—a review</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 4</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33947611618</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B507"><label>507</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Block</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jensen</surname>
<given-names>CD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Norkus</surname>
<given-names>EP</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Usage patterns, health, and nutritional status of long-term multiple dietary supplement users: a cross-sectional study</article-title>
<source><italic>Nutrition Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>6, article 30</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-37549053335</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B508"><label>508</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ganji</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kuo</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Serum lipid responses to psyllium fiber: differences between pre- and post-menopausal, hypercholesterolemic women</article-title>
<source><italic>Nutrition Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>1, article 22</issue>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-51649095980</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B509"><label>509</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Raymond</surname>
<given-names>TL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Connor</surname>
<given-names>WE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>DS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The interaction of dietary fibers and cholesterol upon the plasma lipids and lipoproteins, sterol balance, and bowel function in human subjects</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Clinical Investigation</italic>
</source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>1429</fpage>
<lpage>1437</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0017699445</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">915007</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B510"><label>510</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fukazawa</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Uchida</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Uchida</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yasuhara</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and pravastatin in Japanese</article-title>
<source><italic>British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>448</fpage>
<lpage>455</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-1942423683</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15025743</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B511"><label>511</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><italic>World Health Fact Sheet</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc>Geneva, Switzerland</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B512"><label>512</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carlier</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Etchepare</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ceccon</surname>
<given-names>J-F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mourey</surname>
<given-names>M-S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Amedee-Manesme</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Efficacy of massive oral doses of retinyl palmitate and mango (<italic>Mangifera indica</italic>
L.) consumption to correct an existing vitamin A deficiency in Senegalese children</article-title>
<source><italic>British Journal of Nutrition</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>529</fpage>
<lpage>540</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026782501</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1445831</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B513"><label>513</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Garrido</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Delgado</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lemus</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>García</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Núñez-Sellés</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Protection against septic shock and suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide production on macrophages and microglia by a standard aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L. (VIMANG®): role of mangiferin isolated from the extract</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacological Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>165</fpage>
<lpage>172</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-2942566202</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15177305</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B514"><label>514</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Leiro</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>García</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arranz</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Delgado</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sanmartín</surname>
<given-names>ML</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Orallo</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>An Anacardiaceae preparation reduces the expression of inflammation-related genes in murine macrophages</article-title>
<source><italic>International Immunopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>991</fpage>
<lpage>1003</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-3042662013</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15222974</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B515"><label>515</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Farinacci</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Colitti</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sgorlon</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stefanon</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Immunomodulatory activity of plant residues on ovine neutrophils</article-title>
<source><italic>Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>54</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-54149117432</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18667240</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B516"><label>516</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yueqin</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Recio</surname>
<given-names>MC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Máñez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giner</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cerdá-Nicolás</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rios</surname>
<given-names>J-L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Isolation of two triterpenoids and a biflavanone with anti-inflammatory activity from schinus molle fruits</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>893</fpage>
<lpage>898</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0347477307</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14648390</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B517"><label>517</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sreenivasan</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sarkar</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Manna</surname>
<given-names>SK</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Oleandrin suppresses activation of nuclear transcription factor-<italic>κ</italic>
B and activator protein-1 and potentiates apoptosis induced by ceramide</article-title>
<source><italic>Biochemical Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>2223</fpage>
<lpage>2239</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0242408772</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14609747</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B518"><label>518</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rinaldi</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>DO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bello</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Characterization of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities from <italic>Cocos nucifera</italic>
L. (Palmae)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>541</fpage>
<lpage>546</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-63949083069</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19429325</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B519"><label>519</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Giner-Larza</surname>
<given-names>EM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Máñez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giner-Pons</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Carmen Recio</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ríos</surname>
<given-names>J-L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>On the anti-inflammatory and anti-phospholipase A2 activity of extracts from lanostane-rich species</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>61</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033797943</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11025140</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B520"><label>520</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Prieto</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Recio</surname>
<given-names>MC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giner</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Máñez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giner-Larza</surname>
<given-names>EM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ríos</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Influence of traditional Chinese anti-inflammatory medicinal plants on leukocyte and platelet functions</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>1275</fpage>
<lpage>1282</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0141794300</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14604471</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B521"><label>521</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>T-J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Qiu</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mao</surname>
<given-names>J-Q</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>P-Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rui</surname>
<given-names>Y-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>W-S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Protective effects of Guizhi-Fuling-capsules on rat brain ischemia/reperfusion injury</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacological Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>34</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34648832975</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17895588</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B522"><label>522</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yan</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal formula FBD extracts prevented brain injury and inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>140</fpage>
<lpage>147</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-44149098000</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18486376</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B523"><label>523</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Benedek</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kopp</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Achillea millefolium</italic>
L. s.l. revisited: recent findings confirm the traditional use</article-title>
<source><italic>Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>157</volume>
<issue>13-14</issue>
<fpage>312</fpage>
<lpage>314</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34548459487</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17704978</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B524"><label>524</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nemeth</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bernath</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological activities of yarrow species (<italic>Achillea</italic>
spp.)</article-title>
<source><italic>Current Pharmaceutical Design</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>29</issue>
<fpage>3151</fpage>
<lpage>3167</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-58849086786</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19075697</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B525"><label>525</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cifuente</surname>
<given-names>DA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Simirgiotis</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silvina Favier</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rotelli</surname>
<given-names>AE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pelzer</surname>
<given-names>LE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antiinflammatory activity from aerial parts of <italic>Baccharis medullosa, Baccharis rufescens</italic>
and <italic>Laennecia sophiifolia</italic>
in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>529</fpage>
<lpage>531</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034815881</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11536384</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B526"><label>526</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Paul</surname>
<given-names>EL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lunardelli</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Caberlon</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of baccharis trimera aqueous extract on induced pleurisy in rats and lymphoproliferation in vitro</article-title>
<source><italic>Inflammation</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>419</fpage>
<lpage>425</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70449380286</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19756999</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B527"><label>527</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pereira</surname>
<given-names>RLC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ibrahim</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lucchetti</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Da Silva</surname>
<given-names>AJR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Moraes</surname>
<given-names>VLG</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic extract and the polyacetylene isolated from <italic>Bidens pilosa</italic>
L</article-title>
<source><italic>Immunopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033031943</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10437654</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B528"><label>528</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chang</surname>
<given-names>CL-T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kuo</surname>
<given-names>H-K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chang</surname>
<given-names>S-L</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The distinct effects of a butanol fraction of Bidens pilosa plant extract on the development of Th1-mediated diabetes and Th2-mediated airway inflammation in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Biomedical Science</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>79</fpage>
<lpage>89</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-17744367000</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15864741</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B529"><label>529</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yoshida</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kanekura</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Higashi</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kanzaki</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bidens pilosa suppresses interleukin-1<italic>β</italic>
-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression through the inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinases phosphorylation in normal human dermal fibroblasts</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Dermatology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>676</fpage>
<lpage>683</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33749564091</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17040496</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B530"><label>530</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Clavin</surname>
<given-names>ML</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gorzalczany</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Miño</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antinociceptive.effect of some Argentine medicinal species of <italic>Eupatorium</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>275</fpage>
<lpage>277</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10861972</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B531"><label>531</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Habtemariam</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antiinflammatory activity of the antirheumatic herbal drug, gravel root (<italic>Eupatorium purpureum</italic>
): further biological activities and constituents</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>687</fpage>
<lpage>690</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0035663799</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11746861</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B532"><label>532</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Habtemariam</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Cistifolin, an integrin-dependent cell adhesion blocker from the anti- rheumatic herbal drug, gravel root (Rhizome of Eupatorium purpureum)</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>683</fpage>
<lpage>685</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0032423182</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10075543</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B533"><label>533</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Muschietti</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gorzalczany</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferraro</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Acevedo</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Martino</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory activity from <italic>Eupatorium buniifolium</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>743</fpage>
<lpage>744</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034757169</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11731917</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B534"><label>534</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chomnawang</surname>
<given-names>MT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Surassmo</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Nukoolkarn</surname>
<given-names>VS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gritsanapan</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antimicrobial effects of Thai medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<issue>1-3</issue>
<fpage>330</fpage>
<lpage>333</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-24644456558</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16009519</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B535"><label>535</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ganzera</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schneider</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Stuppner</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibitory effects of the essential oil of chamomile (<italic>Matricaria recutita</italic>
L.) and its major constituents on human cytochrome P450 enzymes</article-title>
<source><italic>Life Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>856</fpage>
<lpage>861</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-30544454307</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16137701</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B536"><label>536</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kasahara</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yasukawa</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kitanaka</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Taufiq Khan</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Evans</surname>
<given-names>FJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of methanol extract from flower petals of <italic>Tagetes patula</italic>
L. on Acute and chronic inflammation model</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>217</fpage>
<lpage>222</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0035990587</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12164264</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B537"><label>537</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kashiwada</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Takanaka</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tsukada</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Sesquiterpene glucosides from anti-leukotriene B4 release fraction of <italic>Taraxacum officinale</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Asian Natural Products Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>191</fpage>
<lpage>197</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034925990</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11491394</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B538"><label>538</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Su</surname>
<given-names>P-F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Staniforth</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>C-J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Immunomodulatory effects of phytocompounds characterized by in vivo transgenic human GM-CSF promoter activity in skin tissues</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Biomedical Science</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>813</fpage>
<lpage>822</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-56349127705</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18622761</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B539"><label>539</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hiransai</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ratanachaiyavong</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Itharat</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Graidist</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ruengrairatanaroj</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Purintrapiban</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Dioscorealide B suppresses LPS-induced nitric oxide production and inflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages: the inhibition of NF-<italic>κ</italic>
B and ERK1/2 activation</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Cellular Biochemistry</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>1057</fpage>
<lpage>1063</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77950454178</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20225237</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B540"><label>540</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>He</surname>
<given-names>X-L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ding</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Du</surname>
<given-names>G-H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gaultherin, a natural salicylate derivative from <italic>Gaultheria yunnanensis</italic>
: towards a better non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug</article-title>
<source><italic>European Journal of Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>530</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>166</fpage>
<lpage>171</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-29844443606</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16375889</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B541"><label>541</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Adeyemi</surname>
<given-names>OO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yemitan</surname>
<given-names>OK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Afolabi</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibition of chemically induced inflammation and pain by orally and topically administered leaf extract of <italic>Manihot esculenta</italic>
Crantz in rodents</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-49149091398</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18675525</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B542"><label>542</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hirko</surname>
<given-names>AC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dallasen</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jomura</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Modulation of inflammatory responses after global ischemia by transplanted umbilical cord matrix stem cells</article-title>
<source><italic>Stem Cells</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>2893</fpage>
<lpage>2901</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-56249143133</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18719227</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B543"><label>543</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lomash</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Parihar</surname>
<given-names>SK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jain</surname>
<given-names>NK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Katiyar</surname>
<given-names>AK</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of <italic>Solanum nigrum</italic>
and <italic>Ricinus communis</italic>
extracts on histamine and carrageenan-induced inflammation in the chicken skin</article-title>
<source><italic>Cellular and Molecular Biology</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>1239</fpage>
<lpage>1251</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77951904126</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B544"><label>544</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kawano</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Otsuka</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Umeyama</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory and analgesic components from “hierba santa”, a traditional medicine in Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Natural Medicines</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>147</fpage>
<lpage>158</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-60849093461</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19067116</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B546"><label>545</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shukla</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mehta</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mehta</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vyas</surname>
<given-names>SP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shukla</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bajpai</surname>
<given-names>VK</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies on anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties of <italic>Caesalpinia bonducella</italic>
F. seed oil in experimental animal models</article-title>
<source><italic>Food and Chemical Toxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>61</fpage>
<lpage>64</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-72149103537</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19766160</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B547"><label>546</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mbagwu</surname>
<given-names>HO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anene</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adeyemi</surname>
<given-names>OO</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of <italic>Mezoneuron benthamianum</italic>
Baill (Caesalpiniaceae)</article-title>
<source><italic>Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34548098651</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17688171</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B548"><label>547</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lai</surname>
<given-names>S-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Peng</surname>
<given-names>W-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>S-C</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract from <italic>Desmodium triflorum</italic>
DC in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Chinese Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>573</fpage>
<lpage>588</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-68149170559</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19606516</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B549"><label>548</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Souza-Pinto</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oliva</surname>
<given-names>MLV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sampaio</surname>
<given-names>CAM</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of a serine proteinase inhibitor from <italic>Leucaena leucocephala</italic>
on plasma kallikrein and plasmin</article-title>
<source><italic>Immunopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<issue>1-3</issue>
<fpage>330</fpage>
<lpage>332</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030175982</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8856177</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B550"><label>549</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Krenn</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Paper</surname>
<given-names>DH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibition of angiogenesis and inflammation by an extract of red clover (<italic>Trifolium pratense</italic>
L.)</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>1083</fpage>
<lpage>1088</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70350580921</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19665361</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B551"><label>550</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carrasco</surname>
<given-names>FR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schmidt</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Romero</surname>
<given-names>AL</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Immunomodulatory activity of <italic>Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Salvia officinalis</italic>
L. and <italic>Syzygium aromaticum</italic>
L. essential oils: evidence for humor- and cell-mediated responses</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>961</fpage>
<lpage>967</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-69149084541</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19589240</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B552"><label>551</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Fichna</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schicho</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Andrews</surname>
<given-names>CN</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Salvinorin A inhibits colonic transit and neurogenic ion transport in mice by activating <italic>κ</italic>
-opioid and cannabinoid receptors</article-title>
<source><italic>Neurogastroenterology and Motility</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>1326</fpage>
<lpage>1328</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-72449196776</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19650775</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B553"><label>552</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jung</surname>
<given-names>H-J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Song</surname>
<given-names>YS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lim</surname>
<given-names>C-J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>E-H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-nociceptive activities of an ethanol extract of Salvia plebeia R. Brown</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>355</fpage>
<lpage>360</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70350344066</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19715750</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B554"><label>553</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Uslu</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Karasen</surname>
<given-names>RM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sahin</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Taysi</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Akcay</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of aqueous extracts of <italic>Satureja hortensis</italic>
L. on rhinosinusitis treatment in rabbit</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>225</fpage>
<lpage>228</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0042831189</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12963147</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B555"><label>554</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Backhouse</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rosales</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Apablaza</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of <italic>Buddleja globosa</italic>
, Buddlejaceae</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>263</fpage>
<lpage>269</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-39149135229</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18164566</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B556"><label>555</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>YJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kang</surname>
<given-names>DG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>JS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>HS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effect of <italic>Buddleja officinalis</italic>
on high-glucose-induced vascular inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells</article-title>
<source><italic>Experimental Biology and Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>233</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>694</fpage>
<lpage>700</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-46449130105</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18408144</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B557"><label>556</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chiang</surname>
<given-names>L-C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ng</surname>
<given-names>LT</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chiang</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chang</surname>
<given-names>M-Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>C-C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Immunomodulatory activities of flavonoids, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds of <italic>Plantago</italic>
species</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>600</fpage>
<lpage>604</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0041379649</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12898413</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B558"><label>557</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sindhu</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ratheesh</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shyni</surname>
<given-names>GL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Helen</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibitory effects of <italic>Cynodon dactylon</italic>
L. on inflammation and oxidative stress in adjuvant treated rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>647</fpage>
<lpage>653</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70449104409</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19874236</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B559"><label>558</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Manna</surname>
<given-names>SK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bueso-Ramos</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alvarado</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Aggarwal</surname>
<given-names>BB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Calagualine inhibits nuclear transcription factors-<italic>κ</italic>
B activated by various inflammatory and tumor promoting agents</article-title>
<source><italic>Cancer Letters</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>190</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>182</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0037455955</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12565172</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B561"><label>559</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zwart</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Van Steeg</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kishore</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Goukassian</surname>
<given-names>DA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>Polypodium leucotomos</italic>
extract decreases UV-induced Cox-2 expression and inflammation, enhances DNA repair, and decreases.mutagenesis in hairless mice</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Pathology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>175</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>1952</fpage>
<lpage>1961</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19808641</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B562"><label>560</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sandoval-Chacón</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thompson</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>X-J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antiinflammatory actions of cat’s claw: the role of NF-<italic>κ</italic>
B</article-title>
<source><italic>Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>1279</fpage>
<lpage>1289</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0031649534</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9882039</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B563"><label>561</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Calvo</surname>
<given-names>MI</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the topical preparation of <italic>Verbena officinalis</italic>
L</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>380</fpage>
<lpage>382</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33748432238</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16723201</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B564"><label>562</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Speroni</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cervellati</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Costa</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of differential extraction of Verbena officinalis on rat models of inflammation, cicatrization and gastric damage</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>227</fpage>
<lpage>235</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250303511</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17354166</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B565"><label>563</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sood</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arora</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bansal</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of the <italic>Citrus decumana</italic>
L. peel extract</article-title>
<source><italic>Inflammopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>267</fpage>
<lpage>274</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70350210487</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19763789</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B566a"><label>564</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oben</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Enonchong</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kothari</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chambliss</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garrison</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dolnick</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Phellodendron and Citrus extracts benefit joint health in osteoarthritis patients: a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled study</article-title>
<source><italic>Nutrition Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>1, article 38</issue>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-70350674365</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B566b"><label>565</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yoshino</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Higashi</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Koga</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Inhibitory effects of acidic xylooligosaccharide on stress-induced gastric inflammation in mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>284</fpage>
<lpage>287</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33846482450</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17228794</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B567"><label>566</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vafeiadou</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vauzour</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>HY</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodriguez-Mateos</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>RJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Spencer</surname>
<given-names>JPE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The citrus flavanone naringenin inhibits inflammatory signalling in glial cells and protects against neuroinflammatory injury</article-title>
<source><italic>Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>484</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>100</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-62349089860</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19467635</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B568"><label>567</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ghanim</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sia</surname>
<given-names>CL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Upadhyay</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Orange juice neutralizes the proinflammatory effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal and prevents endotoxin increase and toll-like receptor expression</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>940</fpage>
<lpage>949</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77950488227</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20200256</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B569"><label>568</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Koo</surname>
<given-names>H-J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lim</surname>
<given-names>K-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jung</surname>
<given-names>H-J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>E-H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-inflammatory evaluation of gardenia extract, geniposide and genipin</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>496</fpage>
<lpage>500</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-31344449552</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16169698</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B570"><label>569</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Oh</surname>
<given-names>P-S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lim</surname>
<given-names>K-T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plant originated glycoprotein has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mouse</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Biomedical Science</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>549</fpage>
<lpage>560</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33745727051</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16586048</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B571"><label>570</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jiang</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Q</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Immunomodulatory activity of the aqueous extract from rhizome of Smilax glabra in the later phase of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>53</fpage>
<lpage>59</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0037358308</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12576202</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B572a"><label>571</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Calixto</surname>
<given-names>JB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Santos</surname>
<given-names>AR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cechinel Filho</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yunes</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A review of the plants of the genus <italic>Phyllanthus</italic>
, their chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic effects</article-title>
<source><italic>Medicinal Research Reviews</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>225</fpage>
<lpage>258</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9664291</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B572b"><label>572</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Man</surname>
<given-names>M-Q</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Shi</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Man</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chinese herbal medicine (Tuhuai extract) exhibits topical anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity in murine disease models</article-title>
<source><italic>Experimental Dermatology</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>681</fpage>
<lpage>687</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-47949107388</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18341576</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B573"><label>573</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vargas</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Geremias</surname>
<given-names>DS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Provensi</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Passiflora alata and Passiflora edulis spray-dried aqueous extracts inhibit inflammation in mouse model of pleurisy</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>112</fpage>
<lpage>119</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33846584982</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17215089</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B574"><label>574</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>El-Kamali</surname>
<given-names>HH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>El-Khalifa</surname>
<given-names>KF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Treatment of malaria through herbal drugs in the Central Sudan</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>527</fpage>
<lpage>528</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0031449832</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B575"><label>575</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Milliken</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Traditional anti-malarial medicine in Roraima, Brazil</article-title>
<source><italic>Economic Botany</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>212</fpage>
<lpage>237</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030808505</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B576"><label>576</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Connelly</surname>
<given-names>MPE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fabiano</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Patel</surname>
<given-names>IH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kinyanjui</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mberu</surname>
<given-names>EK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Watkins</surname>
<given-names>WM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antimalarial activity in crude extracts of Malawian medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>597</fpage>
<lpage>602</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0030463281</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9039271</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B577"><label>577</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gbile</surname>
<given-names>ZO</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Vernacular Names of Nigerian Plants (Yoruba)</italic>
</source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc>Ibadan, Nigeria</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>FRIN</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B578"><label>578</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Minakawa</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sonye</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mogi</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Githeko</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yan</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The effects of climatic factors on the distribution and abundance of malaria vectors in Kenya</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Medical Entomology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>833</fpage>
<lpage>841</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036835184</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12495180</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B579"><label>579</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hay</surname>
<given-names>SI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Were</surname>
<given-names>EC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Renshaw</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Forecasting, warning, and detection of malaria epidemics: a case study</article-title>
<source><italic>The Lancet</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>361</volume>
<issue>9370</issue>
<fpage>1705</fpage>
<lpage>1706</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0038663115</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B580"><label>580</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kvist</surname>
<given-names>LP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Christensen</surname>
<given-names>SB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rasmussen</surname>
<given-names>HB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mejia</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Identification and evaluation of Peruvian plants used to treat malaria and leishmaniasis</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>390</fpage>
<lpage>402</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33745212234</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16517108</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B581"><label>581</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Roumy</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Garcia-Pizango</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gutierrez-Choquevilca</surname>
<given-names>A-L</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Amazonian plants from Peru used by Quechua and Mestizo to treat malaria with evaluation of their activity</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>482</fpage>
<lpage>489</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34347333572</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17573216</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B582"><label>582</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lans</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Harper</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Georges</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bridgewater</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Medicinal and ethnoveterinary remedies of hunters in Trinidad</article-title>
<source><italic>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>1, article 10</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0642373095</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B583"><label>583</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stowers</surname>
<given-names>AW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>L-H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>A recombinant vaccine expressed in the milk of transgenic mice protects Aotus monkeys from a lethal challenge with <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>339</fpage>
<lpage>344</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0037039356</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11752405</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B584"><label>584</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bletter</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>A quantitative synthesis of the medicinal ethnobotany of the Malinké of Mali and the Asháninka of Peru, with a new theoretical framework</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3, article 36</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-41149112455</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B585"><label>585</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Knols</surname>
<given-names>BGJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Njiru</surname>
<given-names>BN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mathenge</surname>
<given-names>EM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mukabana</surname>
<given-names>WR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Beier</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Killeen</surname>
<given-names>GF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>MalariaSphere: a greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural <italic>Anophelesgambiae</italic>
(Diptera: Culicidae) ecosystem in western Kenya</article-title>
<source><italic>Malaria Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>1, article 1</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34248340457</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12057021</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B586"><label>586</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gilbreath</surname>
<given-names>GG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Solio</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 22</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250709948</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B587"><label>587</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnobotany of the Samburu of Mt. Nyiru, South Turkana, Kenya</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 35</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34147115385</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B588"><label>588</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kayode</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Conservation of indigenous medicinal botanicals in Ekiti State, Nigeria</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Zhejiang University B</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>713</fpage>
<lpage>718</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33750580571</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B589"><label>589</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lacuna-Richman</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>The use of non-wood forest products by migrants in a new settlement: experiences of a Visayan community in Palawan, Philippines</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 36</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250790675</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B590"><label>590</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rajkumar</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jebanesan</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Solanum trilobatum leaf extract against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Insect Science</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>5, article 15</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33846453355</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B591"><label>591</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Makundi</surname>
<given-names>EA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Malebo</surname>
<given-names>HM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mhame</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kitua</surname>
<given-names>AY</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Warsame</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Role of traditional healers in the management of severe malaria among children below five years of age: the case of Kilosa and Handeni Districts, Tanzania</article-title>
<source><italic>Malaria Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>5, article 58</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33747277790</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B592"><label>592</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Njoroge</surname>
<given-names>GN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Diversity and utilization of antimalarial ethnophytotherapeutic remedies among the Kikuyus (Central Kenya)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 8</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250887472</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B593"><label>593</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sajem</surname>
<given-names>AL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gosai</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Traditional use of medicinal plants by the Jaintia tribes in North Cachar Hills district of Assam, northeast India</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 33</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250735010</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B594"><label>594</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Teklehaymanot</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Giday</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by people in Zegie Peninsula, Northwestern Ethiopia</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>3, article 12</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250811364</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B595"><label>595</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nanyingi</surname>
<given-names>MO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Mbaria</surname>
<given-names>JM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lanyasunya</surname>
<given-names>AL</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnopharmacological survey of Samburu district, Kenya</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>4, article 14</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-44949129069</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B596"><label>596</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vandebroek</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Thomas</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sanca</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Van Damme</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Van</surname>
<given-names>LV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Kimpe</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparison of health conditions treated with traditional and biomedical health care in a Quechua community in rural Bolivia</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>4, article 1</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-40649111912</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B597"><label>597</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gazzaneo</surname>
<given-names>LRS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Paiva de Lucena</surname>
<given-names>RF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>UP</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Knowledge and use of medicinal plants by local specialists in an region of Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>1, article 9</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250809386</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B598"><label>598</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ishihara</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yamagishi</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saito</surname>
<given-names>Y</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Takasaki</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Konoshima</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hatayama</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Arctigenin from Fructus Arctii is a novel suppressor of heat shock response in mammalian cells</article-title>
<source><italic>Cell Stress and Chaperones</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>154</fpage>
<lpage>161</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33745353833</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16817321</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B599"><label>599</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>M-W</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hao</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological screening of natural products and drug innovation in China</article-title>
<source><italic>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>362</volume>
<issue>1482</issue>
<fpage>1093</fpage>
<lpage>1105</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34347388239</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B600"><label>600</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hays</surname>
<given-names>NP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Galassetti</surname>
<given-names>PR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Coker</surname>
<given-names>RH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: current role of lifestyle, natural product, and pharmacological interventions</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmacology and Therapeutics</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>181</fpage>
<lpage>191</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-43249090768</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18423879</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B601"><label>601</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>LM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Gitksan medicinal plants-cultural choice and efficacy</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 29</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250696467</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B602"><label>602</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bhattarai</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chaudhary</surname>
<given-names>RP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>RSL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnomedicinal plants used by the people of Manang district, central Nepal</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 41</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34250828425</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B603"><label>603</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kala</surname>
<given-names>CP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Dhyani</surname>
<given-names>PP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sajwan</surname>
<given-names>BS</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Developing the medicinal plants sector in northern India: challenges and opportunities</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2, article 32</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33847707174</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B604"><label>604</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Said</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fulder</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khalil</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Azaizeh</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kassis</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saad</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Maintaining a physiological blood glucose level with ’glucolevel’, a combination of four anti-diabetes plants used in the traditional Arab herbal medicine</article-title>
<source><italic>Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>421</fpage>
<lpage>428</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-56749179478</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18955212</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B605"><label>605</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Linde</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>ter Riet</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hondras</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vickers</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Saller</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Melchart</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Systematic reviews of complementary therapies—an annotated bibliography—part 2: herbal medicine</article-title>
<source><italic>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>1, article 5</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0642373136</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B606"><label>606</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cummings</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Dietary fibre</article-title>
<source><italic>Gut</italic>
</source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>69</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0015541591</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">4571071</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B607"><label>607</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aguiyi</surname>
<given-names>JC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Obi</surname>
<given-names>CI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gang</surname>
<given-names>SS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Igweh</surname>
<given-names>AC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hypoglycaemic activity of <italic>Ocimum gratissimum</italic>
in rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>444</fpage>
<lpage>446</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034255778</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10925022</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B608"><label>608</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Egesie</surname>
<given-names>UG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adelaiye</surname>
<given-names>AB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ibu</surname>
<given-names>JO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Egesie</surname>
<given-names>OJ</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Safety and hypoglycaemic properties of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34247851109</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17242731</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B609"><label>609</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jaiyesimi</surname>
<given-names>AEA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adeyemi</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oderinde</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hypoglycaemic activities of the stem bark of <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
(L) Osbeck and <italic>Citrus aurantifolia</italic>
(Christm) Swengle</article-title>
<source><italic>Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>69</fpage>
<lpage>72</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B610"><label>610</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ali</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Houghton</surname>
<given-names>PJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Soumyanath</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title><italic>α</italic>
-Amylase inhibitory activity of some Malaysian plants used to treat diabetes; with particular reference to Phyllanthus amarus</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>449</fpage>
<lpage>455</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33748565005</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16678367</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B611"><label>611</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ogunleye</surname>
<given-names>DS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adeyemi</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sanni</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hypoglycaemic activities of the stem bark of <italic>Cola acuminata</italic>
Vahl and leaf of <italic>Ficus exasperata</italic>
(P. Beauv) Schott and Endl</article-title>
<source><italic>Nigerian Quarterly of Hospital Medicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>58</fpage>
<lpage>60</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B612"><label>612</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ojewole</surname>
<given-names>JAO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Adewunmi</surname>
<given-names>CO</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hypoglycemic effect of methanolic extract of <italic>Musa paradisiaca</italic>
(Musaceae) green fruits in normal and diabetic mice</article-title>
<source><italic>Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>453</fpage>
<lpage>456</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0141792473</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12949631</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B613"><label>613</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ojewole</surname>
<given-names>JAO</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanol extract of <italic>Zingiber officinale</italic>
(Roscoe) rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) in mice and rats</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>764</fpage>
<lpage>772</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33748783056</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16807883</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B614"><label>614</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Capen</surname>
<given-names>CC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Criteria for development of animal models of diseases of the endocrine system</article-title>
<source><italic>American Journal of Pathology</italic>
</source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>141</fpage>
<lpage>160</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019245586</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B615"><label>615</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cano</surname>
<given-names>JH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Volpato</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of Eastern Cuba</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>293</fpage>
<lpage>316</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0842304871</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15013195</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B616"><label>616</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Vandebroek</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Balick</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ososki</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>The importance of botellas and other plant mixtures in Dominican traditional medicine</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-76749130077</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20006697</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B617"><label>617</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Perumal Samy</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ignacimuthu</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antibacterial activity of some folklore medicinal plants used by tribals in Western Ghats of India</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>71</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0033991405</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10661885</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B618"><label>618</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>D’Agostino</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Simone</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Tommasi</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pizza</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Constituents of <italic>Calcitium canescens</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>550</fpage>
<lpage>551</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0029556955</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B619"><label>619</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>D’Agostino</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pizza</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Simone</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Flavone and flavonol glycosides from <italic>Desmodium mollicum</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>p. 384</fpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0029161626</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B620"><label>620</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Okuyama</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Umeyama</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ohmori</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yamazaki</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Satake</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Pharmacologically active components from a Peruvian medicinal plant, Huira-Huira (<italic>Culcitium canescens</italic>
H. and B.)</article-title>
<source><italic>Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>2183</fpage>
<lpage>2186</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0028096831</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7805141</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B621"><label>621</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rodriguez</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Razmilic</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Loyola</surname>
<given-names>JI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Schmeda-Hirschmann</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Theoduloz</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Hypotensive and diuretic effect of Equisetum bogotense and Fuchsia magellanica and micropropagation of E. bogotense</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>157</fpage>
<lpage>160</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0028303381</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B622"><label>622</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Umana</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Castro</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Chemical constituents of <italic>Verbena littoralis</italic>
</article-title>
<source><italic>International Journal of Crude Drug Research</italic>
</source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>175</fpage>
<lpage>176</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0025185048</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B625"><label>623</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bastos</surname>
<given-names>MLA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lima</surname>
<given-names>MRF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Conserva</surname>
<given-names>LM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Andrade</surname>
<given-names>VS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rocha</surname>
<given-names>EMM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lemos</surname>
<given-names>RPL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies on the antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of <italic>Zeyheria tuberculosa</italic>
(Vell.) Bur. (Bignoniaceae) extracts and their main constituents</article-title>
<source><italic>Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>8, article 16</volume>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-67549142557</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B626"><label>624</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hasegawa</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological screening of plants of the Venezuelan Amazons</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>77</fpage>
<lpage>83</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034903444</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11483381</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B627"><label>625</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Meléndez</surname>
<given-names>PA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Capriles</surname>
<given-names>VA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antibacterial properties of tropical plants from Puerto Rico</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>272</fpage>
<lpage>276</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-32844474793</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16492531</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B628"><label>626</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zampini</surname>
<given-names>IC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cuello</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alberto</surname>
<given-names>MR</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antimicrobial activity of selected plant species from the “Argentine Puna” against sensitive and multi-resistant bacteria</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>499</fpage>
<lpage>505</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-67650693710</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19467313</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B629"><label>627</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kirira</surname>
<given-names>PG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rukunga</surname>
<given-names>GM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Wanyonyi</surname>
<given-names>AW</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Anti-plasmodial activity and toxicity of extracts of plants used in traditional malaria therapy in Meru and Kilifi Districts of Kenya</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>403</fpage>
<lpage>407</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33745192058</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16530996</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B630"><label>628</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kloucek</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Svobodova</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Polesny</surname>
<given-names>Z</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Langrova</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Smrcek</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kokoska</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal barks used in Peruvian Amazon</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>427</fpage>
<lpage>429</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34047112397</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17178202</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B631"><label>629</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nascimento</surname>
<given-names>GGF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Locatelli</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Freitas</surname>
<given-names>PC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>GL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria</article-title>
<source><italic>Brazilian Journal of Microbiology</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>247</fpage>
<lpage>256</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0013249285</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B623"><label>630</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Villegas</surname>
<given-names>LF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fernández</surname>
<given-names>ID</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Maldonado</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of the wound-healing activity of selected traditional medicinal plants from Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>193</fpage>
<lpage>200</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0342602014</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9080340</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B624"><label>631</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Neto</surname>
<given-names>CC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Owens</surname>
<given-names>CW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Langfield</surname>
<given-names>RD</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antibacterial activity of some Peruvian medicinal plants from the Callejon de Huaylas</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>133</fpage>
<lpage>138</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036136763</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11744307</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B632"><label>632</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>KK</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>B-N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Kingston</surname>
<given-names>DGI</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vaisberg</surname>
<given-names>AJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hammond</surname>
<given-names>GB</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioactive indole alkaloids from the bark of Uncaria guianensis</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>759</fpage>
<lpage>760</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0032713578</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10630124</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B633"><label>633</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bustos</surname>
<given-names>DA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tapia</surname>
<given-names>AA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Feresin</surname>
<given-names>GE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ariza Espinar</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Ethnopharmacobotanical survey of Bauchazeta district, San Juan Province, Argentina</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>411</fpage>
<lpage>415</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0029853295</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B634"><label>634</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Taha</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alsayed</surname>
<given-names>H</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Brine shrimp bioassay of ethanol extracts of <italic>Sesuvium verrucosum</italic>
, Salsola baryosma and <italic>Zygophyllum quatarense</italic>
medicinal plants from Bahrain</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytotherapy Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<fpage>48</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10641049</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B635"><label>635</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Costa-Lotufo</surname>
<given-names>LV</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>MTH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ather</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Studies of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-17644408043</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15848015</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B636"><label>636</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hammer</surname>
<given-names>MLA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Johns</surname>
<given-names>EA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Tapping an Amazonian plethora: four medicinal plants of Marajo Island, Para (Brazil)</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>53</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027330142</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8246531</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B637"><label>637</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Santos Pimenta</surname>
<given-names>LP</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Pinto</surname>
<given-names>GB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Takahashi</surname>
<given-names>JA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>LGFE</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Boaventura</surname>
<given-names>MAD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological screening of Annonaceous Brazilian Medicinal Plants using Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp Test)</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>209</fpage>
<lpage>212</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0037359416</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12725579</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B638"><label>638</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McCutcheon</surname>
<given-names>AR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ellis</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hancock</surname>
<given-names>REW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Towers</surname>
<given-names>GHN</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antibiotic screening of medicinal plants of the British Columbian native peoples</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>213</fpage>
<lpage>223</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0026498303</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">1453710</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B639"><label>639</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cuadra</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Furrianca</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Oyarzún</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Yáñez</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gallardo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Fajardo</surname>
<given-names>V</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological activity of some Patagonian plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<issue>7-8</issue>
<fpage>718</fpage>
<lpage>721</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-28044456549</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16229970</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B640"><label>640</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Duffy</surname>
<given-names>CF</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Power</surname>
<given-names>RF</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some Chinese plant extracts [2]</article-title>
<source><italic>International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>527</fpage>
<lpage>529</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0035001027</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11434342</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B641"><label>641</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Martínez</surname>
<given-names>MJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Betancourt</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alonso-González</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Jauregui</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Screening of some Cuban medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>174</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0342973227</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8771459</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B642"><label>642</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lagarto Parra</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Silva Yhebra</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Guerra Sardiñas</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Iglesias Buela</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>395</fpage>
<lpage>400</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0034779262</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11695884</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B643"><label>643</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guerrero</surname>
<given-names>RO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rivera</surname>
<given-names>SM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rivera</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sueiro</surname>
<given-names>LA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioassay screening of Amazonian plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal</italic>
</source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>291</fpage>
<lpage>297</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0642338930</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14619457</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B644"><label>644</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Caceres</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Figueroa</surname>
<given-names>L</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Taracena</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Samayoa</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of respiratory diseases—2: evaluation of activity of 16 plants against Gram-positive bacteria</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>77</fpage>
<lpage>82</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027311035</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8331965</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B645"><label>645</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cáceres</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>López</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>González</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Berger</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Tada</surname>
<given-names>I</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Maki</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of protozoal infections. I. Screening of activity to bacteria, fungi and American trypanosomes of 13 native plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>195</fpage>
<lpage>202</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0345267305</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">9849628</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B646"><label>646</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cáceres</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>López</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Juárez</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Del Aguila</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>García</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 2. Evaluation of antifungal activity of seven American plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>207</fpage>
<lpage>213</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027753726</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8145577</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B648"><label>647</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lentz</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>AM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hufford</surname>
<given-names>CD</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Antimicrobial properties of Honduran medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>253</fpage>
<lpage>263</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0032430925</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10030730</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B649"><label>648</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Padmaja</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Arun</surname>
<given-names>PC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Prashanth</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Deepak</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Amit</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Anjana</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Brine shrimp lethality bioassay of selected Indian medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Fitoterapia</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>508</fpage>
<lpage>510</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036802472</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12385875</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B650"><label>649</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wanyoike</surname>
<given-names>GN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chhabra</surname>
<given-names>SC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Lang’at-Thoruwa</surname>
<given-names>CC</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Omar</surname>
<given-names>SA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Brine shrimp toxicity and antiplasmodial activity of five Kenyan medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>129</fpage>
<lpage>133</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0347753594</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14698520</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B651"><label>650</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sánchez-Medina</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>García-Sosa</surname>
<given-names>K</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>May-Pat</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Peña-Rodríguez</surname>
<given-names>LM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of biological activity of crude extracts from plants used in Yucatecan traditional medicine part I. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and <italic>β</italic>
-glucosidase inhibition activities</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>144</fpage>
<lpage>151</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0035066433</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11315758</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B652"><label>651</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Coe</surname>
<given-names>FG</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Parikh</surname>
<given-names>DM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>CA</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Alkaloid presence and brine shrimp (<italic>Artemia salina</italic>
) bioassay of medicinal species of eastern Nicaragua</article-title>
<source><italic>Pharmaceutical Biology</italic>
</source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>439</fpage>
<lpage>445</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-77950221022</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20645724</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B653"><label>652</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ajaiyeoba</surname>
<given-names>EO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Abiodun</surname>
<given-names>OO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Falade</surname>
<given-names>MO</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>In vitro cytotoxicity studies of 20 plants used in Nigerian antimalarial ethnomedicine</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>295</fpage>
<lpage>298</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-32844467647</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16492535</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B654"><label>653</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>C</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Gupta</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vásquez</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>de Noriega</surname>
<given-names>YM</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Montenegro</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bioessay with brine Artemia to predict antibacterial and pharmacologic activity</article-title>
<source><italic>Revista Medica de Panama</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>62</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027350729</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8475339</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B655"><label>654</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nick</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rali</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sticher</surname>
<given-names>O</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological screening of traditional medicinal plants from Papua New Guinea</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>147</fpage>
<lpage>156</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0029610456</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8824740</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B656"><label>655</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Horgen</surname>
<given-names>FD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Edrada</surname>
<given-names>RA</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>De Los Reyes</surname>
<given-names>G</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological screening of rain forest plot trees from Palawan Island (Philippines)</article-title>
<source><italic>Phytomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>71</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0035078255</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11292242</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B657"><label>656</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferreira</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Vazquez</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Moyna</surname>
<given-names>P</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Alonso Paz</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological screening of Uruguayan medicinal plants</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>217</fpage>
<lpage>220</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027219762</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8258980</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B658"><label>657</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Turker</surname>
<given-names>AU</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Camper</surname>
<given-names>ND</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Biological activity of common mullein, a medicinal plant</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</italic>
</source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<fpage>117</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0036803192</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12241986</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B659"><label>658</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Badisa</surname>
<given-names>RB</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Badisa</surname>
<given-names>VLD</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Walker</surname>
<given-names>EH</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Latinwo</surname>
<given-names>LM</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Potent cytotoxic activity of <italic>Saururus cernuus</italic>
extract on human colon and breast carcinoma cultures under normoxic conditions</article-title>
<source><italic>Anticancer Research</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>189</fpage>
<lpage>194</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-33847661039</pub-id>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17352231</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B660"><label>659</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Van Slambrouck</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Daniels</surname>
<given-names>AL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hooten</surname>
<given-names>CJ</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects of crude aqueous medicinal plant extracts on growth and invasion of breast cancer cells</article-title>
<source><italic>Oncology Reports</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>487</fpage>
<lpage>492</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-34548031401</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B661"><label>660</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Meyer</surname>
<given-names>BN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Ferrigni</surname>
<given-names>NR</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Putnam</surname>
<given-names>JE</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents</article-title>
<source><italic>Planta Medica</italic>
</source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0019946724</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B662"><label>661</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>McLaughlin</surname>
<given-names>JL</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Chang</surname>
<given-names>CJ</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>DL</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Rahman</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Bench-top bioassays for the discovery of bioactive natural products, an update</article-title>
<source><italic>Studies in Natural Product Chemistry</italic>
</source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<publisher-loc>Amsterdam, The Netherlands</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name>
<fpage>383</fpage>
<lpage>409</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B663"><label>662</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Cepleanu</surname>
<given-names>F</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Hamburger</surname>
<given-names>MO</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sordat</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Screening of tropical medicinal plants for molluscicidal, larvicidal, fungicidal and cytotoxic activities and brine shrimp toxicity</article-title>
<source><italic>International Journal of Pharmacognosy</italic>
</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>294</fpage>
<lpage>307</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="other">2-s2.0-0027993619</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B664"><label>663</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>de Alcedo</surname>
<given-names>A</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Diccionario geografico histórico de las indias occidentales o América</italic>
</source>
<year>1789</year>
<publisher-loc>Madrid, Spain</publisher-loc>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B665"><label>664</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Sharon</surname>
<given-names>D</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Albuquerque</surname>
<given-names>U</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>From collection to market and cure—traditional medicinal use in Northern Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Recent Development and Case Studies in Ethnobotany</italic>
</source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name>Recife</publisher-name>
<fpage>184</fpage>
<lpage>207</lpage>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B666"><label>665</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Downer</surname>
<given-names>CC</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Insights, Mining Peru's Andean Forest Puts Unique Species, Ecosystem at Risk</article-title>
<source><italic>Environmental News Service</italic>
</source>
<year>2006</year>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B667"><label>666</label>
<element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zamora Pérez</surname>
<given-names>DI</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><italic>Creación de un Órgano Administrativo Especializado en imponer sanciones a los concesionarios mineros en caso de incumplimiento de sus obligaciones ambientales [tesis]</italic>
</source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc>Trujillo, Perú</publisher-loc>
<publisher-name>Abogado Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego</publisher-name>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B668"><label>667</label>
<element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bussmann</surname>
<given-names>RW</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Paniagua Zambrana</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Rivas Chamorro</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Molina Moreira</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Cuadros Negri</surname>
<given-names>ML</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Olivera</surname>
<given-names>J</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Peril in the market—classification and dosage of species used as anti-diabetics in Lima, Peru</article-title>
<source><italic>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine</italic>
</source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>37</issue>
</element-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</pmc>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Bois/explor/OrangerV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001362 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001362 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Bois |area= OrangerV1 |flux= Pmc |étape= Corpus |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3888705 |texte= The Globalization of Traditional Medicine in Northern Peru: From Shamanism to Molecules }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24454490" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a OrangerV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. | ![]() |