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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Phylogenetic lineages in the <italic>Capnodiales</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schoch, C L" sort="Schoch, C L" uniqKey="Schoch C" first="C. L." last="Schoch">C. L. Schoch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><italic>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hyde, K D" sort="Hyde, K D" uniqKey="Hyde K" first="K. D." last="Hyde">K. D. Hyde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><italic>School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, A R" sort="Wood, A R" uniqKey="Wood A" first="A. R." last="Wood">A. R. Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><italic>ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gueidan, C" sort="Gueidan, C" uniqKey="Gueidan C" first="C." last="Gueidan">C. Gueidan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Hoog, G S" sort="De Hoog, G S" uniqKey="De Hoog G" first="G. S." last="De Hoog">G. S. De Hoog</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groenewald, J Z" sort="Groenewald, J Z" uniqKey="Groenewald J" first="J. Z." last="Groenewald">J. Z. Groenewald</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20169022</idno><idno type="pmc">2816965</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816965</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2816965</idno><idno type="doi">10.3114/sim.2009.64.02</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001309</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Phylogenetic lineages in the <italic>Capnodiales</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schoch, C L" sort="Schoch, C L" uniqKey="Schoch C" first="C. L." last="Schoch">C. L. Schoch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><italic>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hyde, K D" sort="Hyde, K D" uniqKey="Hyde K" first="K. D." last="Hyde">K. D. Hyde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><italic>School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, A R" sort="Wood, A R" uniqKey="Wood A" first="A. R." last="Wood">A. R. Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><italic>ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gueidan, C" sort="Gueidan, C" uniqKey="Gueidan C" first="C." last="Gueidan">C. Gueidan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Hoog, G S" sort="De Hoog, G S" uniqKey="De Hoog G" first="G. S." last="De Hoog">G. S. De Hoog</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groenewald, J Z" sort="Groenewald, J Z" uniqKey="Groenewald J" first="J. Z." last="Groenewald">J. Z. Groenewald</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Studies in Mycology</title><idno type="ISSN">0166-0616</idno><idno type="eISSN">1872-9797</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The <italic>Capnodiales</italic> incorporates plant and human pathogens,
endophytes, saprobes and epiphytes, with a wide range of nutritional modes.
Several species are lichenised, or occur as parasites on fungi, or animals.
The aim of the present study was to use DNA sequence data of the nuclear
ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes to test the monophyly of the
<italic>Capnodiales</italic>, and resolve families within the order. We designed
primers to allow the amplification and sequencing of almost the complete
nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes. Other than the
<italic>Capnodiaceae</italic> (sooty moulds), and the <italic>Davidiellaceae</italic>, which
contains saprobes and plant pathogens, the order presently incorporates
families of major plant pathological importance such as the
<italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic>, <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> and
<italic>Schizothyriaceae</italic>. The <italic>Piedraiaceae</italic> was not supported, but
resolves in the <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>. The <italic>Dissoconiaceae</italic> is
introduced as a new family to accommodate <italic>Dissoconium</italic> and
<italic>Ramichloridium</italic>. Lichenisation, as well as the ability to be saprobic
or plant pathogenic evolved more than once in several families, though the
taxa in the upper clades of the tree lead us to conclude that the strictly
plant pathogenic, nectrotrophic families evolved from saprobic ancestors
(<italic>Capnodiaceae</italic>), which is the more primitive state.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Stud Mycol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">simycol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Studies in Mycology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0166-0616</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1872-9797</issn><publisher><publisher-name>CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20169022</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2816965</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">0017</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3114/sim.2009.64.02</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Phylogenetic lineages in the <italic>Capnodiales</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schoch</surname><given-names>C.L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hyde</surname><given-names>K.D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wood</surname><given-names>A.R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gueidan</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Hoog</surname><given-names>G.S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Groenewald</surname><given-names>J.Z.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands</italic></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><italic>Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands</italic></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><italic>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><italic>School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</italic></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><italic>ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa</italic></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label><italic>Correspondence</italic>: Pedro W. Crous,
<email>p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue-title>A phylogenetic re-evaluation of
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic></issue-title><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>47-S7</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © Copyright 2009 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity
Centre</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license><license-p>You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under
the following conditions:</license-p><license-p><bold>Attribution:</bold> You must attribute
the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way
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which can be found at
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode.</ext-link> Any of the above
conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder.
Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author's moral rights.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="17.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>The <italic>Capnodiales</italic> incorporates plant and human pathogens,
endophytes, saprobes and epiphytes, with a wide range of nutritional modes.
Several species are lichenised, or occur as parasites on fungi, or animals.
The aim of the present study was to use DNA sequence data of the nuclear
ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes to test the monophyly of the
<italic>Capnodiales</italic>, and resolve families within the order. We designed
primers to allow the amplification and sequencing of almost the complete
nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes. Other than the
<italic>Capnodiaceae</italic> (sooty moulds), and the <italic>Davidiellaceae</italic>, which
contains saprobes and plant pathogens, the order presently incorporates
families of major plant pathological importance such as the
<italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic>, <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> and
<italic>Schizothyriaceae</italic>. The <italic>Piedraiaceae</italic> was not supported, but
resolves in the <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>. The <italic>Dissoconiaceae</italic> is
introduced as a new family to accommodate <italic>Dissoconium</italic> and
<italic>Ramichloridium</italic>. Lichenisation, as well as the ability to be saprobic
or plant pathogenic evolved more than once in several families, though the
taxa in the upper clades of the tree lead us to conclude that the strictly
plant pathogenic, nectrotrophic families evolved from saprobic ancestors
(<italic>Capnodiaceae</italic>), which is the more primitive state.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Ascomycetes</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Brunneosphaerella</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Capnodiales</italic></kwd><kwd>DNA sequence comparisons</kwd><kwd><italic>Mycosphaerella</italic></kwd><kwd>novel primers</kwd><kwd>systematics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta><notes><fn-group><fn><p><bold>Taxonomic novelties:</bold> <italic>Brunneosphaerella</italic> Crous, gen. nov.,
<italic>B. jonkershoekensis</italic> (Marinc., M.J. Wingf. & Crous) Crous, comb.
nov., <italic>B. protearum</italic> (Syd. & P. Syd.) Crous, comb. nov.,
<italic>Devriesia hilliana</italic> Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov., <italic>D.
lagerstroemiae</italic> Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov., <italic>D.
strelitziicola</italic> Arzanlou & Crous, sp. nov., <italic>Dissoconiaceae</italic>Crous & de Hoog, fam. nov., <italic>Hortaea thailandica</italic> Crous & K.D.
Hyde, sp. nov., <italic>Passalora ageratinae</italic> Crous & A.R. Wood, sp. nov.,
<italic>P. armatae</italic> Crous & A.R. Wood, sp. nov., <italic>Rachicladosporium
cboliae</italic> Crous, sp. nov.</p></fn></fn-group></notes></front><body><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>The <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> encompasses plant and human pathogens,
endophytes, saprobes and epiphytes. The class presently contains two
subclasses, namely <italic>Pleosporomycetidae</italic> and <italic>Dothideomycetidae</italic>(Schoch <italic>et al</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref90">2006</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref91">2009a</xref>). Although the main
orders, <italic>Pleosporales</italic> and <italic>Dothideales</italic> correlate with the
presence or absence of pseudoparaphyses and other centrum characteristics,
many orders remain unresolved. The <italic>Dothideomycetidae</italic> include the
orders <italic>Dothideales, Capnodiales</italic> and <italic>Myriangiales</italic>, which lack
paraphyses, pseudoparaphyses and periphysoids. Based on a multi-gene
phylogeny, and the presence of ostiolar periphyses as possible synapomorphy,
the <italic>Capnodiales</italic> were recognised as the order incorporating the
<italic>Capnodiaceae, Davidiellaceae, Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> and
<italic>Piedraiaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref90">Schoch <italic>et
al</italic>. 2006</xref>). However, several studies
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref65">Hunter <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>,
Crous <italic>et al</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">2007a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref28">b</xref>) showed the
<italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> to be polyphyletic, and to contain additional
variation at the familial level, leading to the circumscriptions of the
<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> and <italic>Schizothyriaceae</italic>. Crous <italic>et
al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">2009b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">c</xref>) again revealed
<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> to be too widely defined, including some further
unresolved families.</p><p>The present study focuses on the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>, which is based on
the <italic>Capnodiaceae</italic>, representing a group of leaf epiphytes associated
with honeydew of insects, usually visible as a black growth on leaf surfaces,
fruit and twigs. Members of the <italic>Capnodiaceae</italic> form superficial
ascomata with fasciculate asci, and hyaline to dark, septate ascospores.
Anamorphs are dematiaceous, and include mycelial (phragmo- to dictyoconidia),
spermatial and pycnidial synanamorphs
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref64">Hughes 1976</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref20">Cheewangkoon <italic>et al.</italic>2009</xref>).</p><p>The <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> was treated as a family in the
<italic>Dothideales</italic> by Hawksworth <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref57">1995</xref>), while Kirk <italic>et
al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref67">2001</xref>) introduced a
separate order, the <italic>Mycosphaerellales</italic> for this family, and Kirk
<italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref68">2008</xref>) again
placed it in the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>. The <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> is
recognised by having characteristic pseudothecial ascomata that can be
immersed or superficial, embedded in host tissue or erumpent, having ostiolar
periphyses, but lacking interascal tissue at maturity. Ascospores are hyaline,
but in some cases slightly pigmented (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">Barr
1987</xref>), and predominantly 1-septate, although some taxa with
3-septate ascospores have been recorded
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref34">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2003</xref>).
Although up to 30 anamorph genera have been linked to <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>(Crous <italic>et al</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref25">2000</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref36">2001</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">2007a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref28">b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref41">c</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref33">2009a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref43">c</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref24">Crous 2009</xref>), recent studies
have shown this to be incorrect, and that the family in fact consists of
numerous genera with morphologically conserved <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>-like
teleomorphs, and distinct anamorphs (Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">2007a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref28">b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">2009b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref43">c</xref>).</p><p>Families tentatively placed in the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref73">Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2007</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref68">Kirk <italic>et al</italic>. 2008</xref>)
include epiphytes (<italic>Antennulariellaceae, Capnodiaceae,
Metacapnodiaceae</italic>) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref64">Hughes
1976</xref>), saprobes and plant pathogens (<italic>Davidiellaceae,
Dissoconiaceae, Mycosphaerellaceae, Schizothyriaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>)
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">Aptroot 2006</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref24">Crous 2009</xref>), and colonisers or
hair shafts of mammals (<italic>Piedraiaceae</italic>)
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref62">de Hoog <italic>et al</italic>.
2000</xref>). To address the status of the <italic>Capnodiales</italic> as an
order, and the intrafamilial relationships within this order, DNA sequences of
the 18S, 5.8S and 28S nrRNA genes were generated for a set of specifically
selected taxa. A further aim was to clarify genera within these families, and
resolve anamorph-teleomorph relationships for the taxa investigated.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods"><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><sec><title>Isolates</title><p>Isolates were selected (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl3">Table
1</xref> - see online Supplementary Information) that are representative
of the <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref23">Crous
1998</xref>, Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref29">2004a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref32">c</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref38">2006a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref40">b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">2007a</xref>),
<italic>Schizothyriaceae</italic> (Batzer <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">2005</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">2007</xref>),
<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> (Crous <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">2007a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref44">2008b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref49">c</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref33">2009a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref43">c</xref>), <italic>Piedraiaceae</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref72">Kruys <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>),
<italic>Davidiellaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref16">Braun <italic>et
al</italic>. 2003</xref>, Schubert <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref93">2007a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref94">b</xref>), <italic>Capnodiaceae</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref90">Schoch <italic>et al</italic>. 2006</xref>),
as well as numerous other genera for which the familial relationships have
remained unclear, such as the <italic>Phaeophleospora</italic> complex (Crous <italic>et
al.</italic> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref30">1997</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">2007a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">2009b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref43">c</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">Andjic <italic>et al.</italic> 2007</xref>),
<italic>Polythrincium</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref99">Simon <italic>et
al.</italic> 2009</xref>), the <italic>Dissoconium</italic> complex (Crous <italic>et
al.</italic> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref32">2004c</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref41">2007c</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref44">2008b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">Arzanlou <italic>et al</italic>.
2008b</xref>), and several less well-known genera represented by one or
two species only. For fresh material excised leaf spots bearing ascomata were
soaked in water for approximately 2 h, after which they were placed in the
bottom of Petri dish lids, with the top half of the dish containing 2 % malt
extract agar (MEA; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref45">Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
2009d</xref>). Ascospore germination patterns were examined after 24 h,
and single-ascospore and conidial cultures established as described by Crous
<italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref48">1991</xref>).
Colonies were sub-cultured onto synthetic nutrient-poor agar (SNA),
potato-dextrose agar (PDA), oatmeal agar (OA), MEA
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref45">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2009d</xref>),
and incubated at 25 °C under continuous near-ultraviolet light to promote
sporulation. Other cultures were obtained from the culture collection of the
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS-KNAW) in Utrecht, the Netherlands or
the working collection of Pedro Crous (CPC).</p><p><table-wrap position="float" id="tbl3"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Details of the isolates for which novel sequences were generated. Samples
without an 18S rDNA accession number were only used in the 28S rDNA analysis;
sequences of <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=723.79&link_type=cbs">CBS
723.79</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123.26&link_type=cbs">CBS
123.26</ext-link> were used in both analyses. The accession number for 5.8S
nrDNA also includes the flanking spacer regions.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Species</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Accession
number</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tblfn1"><bold>1</bold></xref></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Host</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Country</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Collector</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>GenBank Accession numbers 18S nrDNA, 5.8S nrDNA, 28S nrDNA</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aulographina pinorum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=302.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 302.71</ext-link>; ETH
7129; UAMH 4037
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pinus maritima</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> France
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> E. Müller
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214622, GU214393
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Batcheloromyces leucadendri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110892&link_type=cbs">CBS 110892</ext-link>; CPC
1837
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leucadendron</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L. Swart
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214515, AY260100, EU019246
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Batcheloromyces proteae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110696&link_type=cbs">CBS 110696</ext-link>; CPC
1518
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea cynaroides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L. Viljoen
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251102, AY260099, EU019247
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Brunneosphaerella protearum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 13905
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214623, GU214394
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 13914
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214624, GU214395
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 15231
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea nitida</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L. Mostert
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214625, GU214396
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 16338
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214626, GU214397
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Capnobotryella renispora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=214.90&link_type=cbs">CBS 214.90</ext-link>;
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=176.88&link_type=cbs">CBS 176.88</ext-link>; IAM
13014; JCM 6932; TNS F-198506
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Capnobotrys neessii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Japan
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J. Sugiyama
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY220612, AY220612, GU214398
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=215.90&link_type=cbs">CBS 215.90</ext-link>; IAM
13015
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Capnobotrys neessii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Japan
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J. Sugiyama
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY220613, AY220613, GU214399
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Capnodium coffeae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=147.52&link_type=cbs">CBS 147.52</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Coffea robusta</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Zaire
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247808, AJ244239, GU214400
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catenulostroma chromoblastomycosum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=597.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 597.97</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Man, chromoblastomycosis
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Zaire
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> V. de Brouwere
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214516, AJ244260, EU019251
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catenulostroma elginense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111030&link_type=cbs">CBS 111030</ext-link>; CPC
1958
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea grandiceps</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.E. Taylor
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214517, AY260093, EU019252
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catenulostroma germanicum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=539.88&link_type=cbs">CBS 539.88</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Stone
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Germany
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214518, EU019253, EU019253
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catenulostroma microsporum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110890&link_type=cbs">CBS 110890</ext-link>; CPC
1832
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea cynaroides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L. Swart
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214520, AY260097, EU019255
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catenulostroma protearum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125421&link_type=cbs">CBS 125421</ext-link>; CPC
15370
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leucadendron tinctum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> F. Roets
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214627, GU214401
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 15368
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hakea sericea</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> F. Roets
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214628, GU214402
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 15369
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leucadendron tinctum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> F. Roets
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214629, GU214403
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora apii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118712&link_type=cbs">CBS 118712</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Fiji
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P. Tyler
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214653, GU214653, GU214653
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora beticola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116456&link_type=cbs">CBS 116456</ext-link>; CPC
11557
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Beta vulgaris</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Italy
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> V. Rossi
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY840527, AY840527, GU214404
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora capsici</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 12307
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Capsicum annuum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214654, GU214654, GU214654
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora janseana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=145.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 145.37</ext-link>; CPC
4303; IMI 303642
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Oryza sativa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> E.C. Tullis
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251103, AY260064, GU214405
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora sojina</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 12322
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Glycine soja</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214655, GU214655, GU214655
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora zebrinae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112893&link_type=cbs">CBS 112893</ext-link>; CPC
3955
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trifolium protense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Canada
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> K. Seifert
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251104, AY260078, GU214406
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118789&link_type=cbs">CBS 118789</ext-link>; WAC
5106
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trifolium subterraneum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Barbetti
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214656, GU214656, GU214656
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118790&link_type=cbs">CBS 118790</ext-link>; IMI
262766; WAC 7973
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trifolium subterraneum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Barbetti
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214657, GU214657, GU214657
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercosporella virgaureae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113304&link_type=cbs">CBS 113304</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Erigeron annueus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214658, GU214658, GU214658
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cladosporium bruhnei</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115683&link_type=cbs">CBS 115683</ext-link>; ATCC
66670; CPC 5101
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCA-treated Douglas-fir pole
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251096, AY251078, GU214408
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=188.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 188.54</ext-link>; ATCC
11290; IMI 049638; CPC 3686
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G.A. de Vries
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251098, AY251077, EU019263
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cladosporium cladosporioides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109.21&link_type=cbs">CBS 109.21</ext-link>; ATCC
11277; ATCC 200940; CPC 3682; IFO 6368; IMI 049625
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hedera helix</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.K.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G.A. de Vries
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251093, AY251073, EU019262
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=401.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 401.80</ext-link>; CPC
3683
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Triticum aestivum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> N.J. Fokkema
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251091, AY251074, GU214409
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cladosporium herbarum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=723.79&link_type=cbs">CBS 723.79</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Allium porrum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> New Zealand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.C. Jamieson
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU167558, EU167558, GU214410
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cladosporium</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 15513
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rubus fruticosus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Italy
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214630, GU214411
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 15516
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pyrus communis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Ukraine
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A. Akulov
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214631, GU214412
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cladosporium uredinicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> ATCC 46649; CPC 5390
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Quercus nigra</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Morgan-Jones
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251097, AY251071, EU019264
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Davidiella rosigena</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=330.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 330.51</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Leaf spot in <italic>Rosa</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214632, GU214413
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Devriesia hilliana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123187&link_type=cbs">CBS 123187</ext-link>; CPC
15382
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Macrozamia communis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> New Zealand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> C.F. Hill
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214633, GU214414
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Devriesia lagerstroemiae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125422&link_type=cbs">CBS 125422</ext-link>; CPC
14403
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lagerstroemia indica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous & M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214634, GU214415
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Devriesia staurophora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=375.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 375.81</ext-link>; ATCC
200934; CPC 3687
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Páramo soil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Colombia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H. Valencia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF137359, AF393723, GU214416
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Devriesia strelitziicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122480&link_type=cbs">CBS 122480</ext-link>; X1045
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Strelitzia</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. Gams & H. Glen
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214635, GU214417
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dissoconium aciculare</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=201.89&link_type=cbs">CBS 201.89</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Brassica</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> T. Hijwegen
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214522, AY725519, GU214418
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=204.89&link_type=cbs">CBS 204.89</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Astragalus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Germany
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> T. Hijwegen
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214523, AY725520, GU214419
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=342.82&link_type=cbs">CBS 342.82</ext-link>; CPC
1534
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Erysiphe</italic>, on <italic>Medicago lupulina</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Germany
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> T. Hijwegen
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214524, AF173308, EU019266
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dissoconium commune</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110747&link_type=cbs">CBS 110747</ext-link>; CPC 831
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus nitens</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214525, AY725535, GU214420
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114238&link_type=cbs">CBS 114238</ext-link>; CPC
10440
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spain
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.P.M. Vazquez
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214526, AY725541, EU019267
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114239&link_type=cbs">CBS 114239</ext-link>; CPC
10492
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> New Zealand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. Gams
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214527, AY725542, GU214421
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dissoconium dekkeri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110748&link_type=cbs">CBS 110748</ext-link>; CMW
14906; CPC 825
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Kemp
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214528, AF309625, GU214422
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111169&link_type=cbs">CBS 111169</ext-link>; CMW
5164; CPC 1232
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Zambia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214529, AY725550, GU214423
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111272&link_type=cbs">CBS 111272</ext-link>; CPC
1188
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus nitens</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214530, AY725551, GU214424
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111282&link_type=cbs">CBS 111282</ext-link>; CPC
1233
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Zambia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214531, AF173305, GU214425
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=567.89&link_type=cbs">CBS 567.89</ext-link>; CPC
1535
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Juniperus chinensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> T. Hijwegen
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251101, AF173309, EU019268
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dothistroma pini</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116487&link_type=cbs">CBS 116487</ext-link>; CMW
10951
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pinus nigra</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Adams
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214532, AY808302, GU214426
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dothistroma septosporum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112498&link_type=cbs">CBS 112498</ext-link>; CPC
3779
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pinus radiata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Ecuador
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214533, AY293062, GU214427
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Graphiopsis chlorocephala</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=121523&link_type=cbs">CBS 121523</ext-link>; CPC
11969
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Paeonia officinalis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Germany
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> K. Schubert
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214534, EU009458, EU009458
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hortaea acidophila</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113389&link_type=cbs">CBS 113389</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Lignite, pH 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Germany
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> U. Hölker
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214636, GU214428
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hortaea thailandica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125423&link_type=cbs">CBS 125423</ext-link>; CPC
16651
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Syzygium siamense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Thailand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous & K.D. Hyde
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214637, GU214429
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lecanosticta acicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=871.95&link_type=cbs">CBS 871.95</ext-link>; MPFN
314
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pinus radiata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> France
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M. Morelet
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214663, GU214663, GU214663
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leptoxyphium fumago</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123.26&link_type=cbs">CBS 123.26</ext-link>; ATCC
11925; IMI 089363; LSHB X13
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hibiscus tiliaceus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Indonesia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214535, —, GU214430
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Melanodothis caricis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=860.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 860.72</ext-link>; ATCC
24309; DAOM 116433
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Carex sitchensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Canada
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214638, GU214431
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Miuraea persicae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10069
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Prunus persica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214660, GU214660, GU214660
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella acaciigena</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112515&link_type=cbs">CBS 112515</ext-link>; CPC
3837
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Acacia mangium</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Venezuela
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251116, AY752143, GU214432
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112516&link_type=cbs">CBS 112516</ext-link>; CPC
3838
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Acacia mangium</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Venezuela
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214661, GU214661, GU214661
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella africana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116154&link_type=cbs">CBS 116154</ext-link>; CMW
4945; CPC 794
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus viminalis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214536, AF173314, GU214433
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella bixae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111804&link_type=cbs">CBS 111804</ext-link>; CPC
2554
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Bixa orellana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous & R.L. Benchimol
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214557, AF362056, GU214455
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella ellipsoidea</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110843&link_type=cbs">CBS 110843</ext-link>; CPC 850
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus cladocalyx</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214537, AY725545, GU214434
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella endophytica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114662&link_type=cbs">CBS 114662</ext-link>; CPC
1193
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214538, DQ302953, GU214435
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella graminicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=100335&link_type=cbs">CBS 100335</ext-link>; IPO
69001.61
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Triticum aestivum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G.H.J. Kema
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214539, EU019297, EU019297
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110744&link_type=cbs">CBS 110744</ext-link>; CPC 658
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Triticum</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251117, AF362068, EU019298
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115943&link_type=cbs">CBS 115943</ext-link>; IPO323
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Triticum aestivum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> R. Daamen
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214540, AF181692, GU214436
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella handelii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113302&link_type=cbs">CBS 113302</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rhododendron</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous & U. Braun
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU167581, EU167581, GU214437
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella heimii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110682&link_type=cbs">CBS 110682</ext-link>; CMW
4942; CPC 760
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Madagascar
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214541, AF309606, GU214438
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella heimioides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111190&link_type=cbs">CBS 111190</ext-link>; CMW
3046; CPC 1312
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Indonesia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214542, AF309609, GU214439
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella holualoana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110699&link_type=cbs">CBS 110699</ext-link>; CPC
2155
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leucospermum</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.: Hawaii
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214543, AY260084, GU214440
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella irregulariramosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111211&link_type=cbs">CBS 111211</ext-link>; CPC
1362
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus saligna</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214544, AF309608, GU214441
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella keniensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111001&link_type=cbs">CBS 111001</ext-link>; CMW
5147; CPC 1084
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Kenya
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214545, AF173300, GU214442
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=652.85&link_type=cbs">CBS 652.85</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.A. van der Aa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251114, AF362067, GU214443
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=687.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 687.94</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Verkley
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214546, AY152553, GU214444
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella lupini</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 1661
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lupinus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. Kaiser
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214547, AF362050, FJ839661
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella marasasii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110790&link_type=cbs">CBS 110790</ext-link>; CPC 348
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Syzygium cordatum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214548, AF309591, GU214445
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella marksii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110942&link_type=cbs">CBS 110942</ext-link>; CPC 982
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus botryoides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.J. Carnegie
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214549, AF309589, GU214446
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11222
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Bolivia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214550, DQ302983, GU214447
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella parkii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=387.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 387.92</ext-link>; CMW
14775; CPC 353
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214551, AF309590, GU214448
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111166&link_type=cbs">CBS 111166</ext-link>; CPC
1224
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus cladocalyx</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.R. Wood
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214552, AF173302, GU214449
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111167&link_type=cbs">CBS 111167</ext-link>; CPC
1225
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus cladocalyx</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.R. Wood
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214553, AF309593, GU214450
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella sphaerulinae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112621&link_type=cbs">CBS 112621</ext-link>; CPC
4314
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Chile
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214554, AY293066, GU214451
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella stromatosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101953&link_type=cbs">CBS 101953</ext-link>; CPC
1731
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> S. Denman
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251115, EU167598, EU167598
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella tasmaniensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111687&link_type=cbs">CBS 111687</ext-link>; CMW
14780; CPC 1555
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus nitens</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214555, AF310107, GU214452
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora ageratinae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125419&link_type=cbs">CBS 125419</ext-link>; CPC
15365
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ageratina adenophora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.R. Wood
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214639, GU214453
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora bellynckii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=150.49&link_type=cbs">CBS 150.49</ext-link>; CPC
3635
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cynanchum vincetoxicum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Switzerland
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> S. Blumer
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214556, AF222831, GU214454
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora brachycarpa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115124&link_type=cbs">CBS 115124</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> C.F. Hill
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214664, GU214664, GU214664
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora armatae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125420&link_type=cbs">CBS 125420</ext-link>; CPC
15419
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dalbergia armata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.R. Wood
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214640, GU214456
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora dioscoreae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10855
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dioscorea tokora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214665, GU214665, GU214665
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora dodonaea</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 1223
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dodonaea</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251108, GU214641, GU214457
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora eucalypti</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111318&link_type=cbs">CBS 111318</ext-link>; CPC
1457
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus saligna</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil: Suzano
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214558, AF309617, GU214458
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora fulva</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=119.46&link_type=cbs">CBS 119.46</ext-link>; CPC
3688
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lycopersicon esculentum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251109, AY251069, DQ008163
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora graminis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113303&link_type=cbs">CBS 113303</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Alopecurus aequalis</italic> var. <italic>amurensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214666, GU214666, GU214666
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora perplexa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116364&link_type=cbs">CBS 116364</ext-link>; CPC
11150
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Acacia crassicarpa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Indonesia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214559, AY752163, GU214459
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora sequoiae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11258
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Juniperus virginiana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> C.S. Hodges
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214667, GU214667, GU214667
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115525&link_type=cbs">CBS 115525</ext-link>; CPC
3951
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Tilia americana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Canada
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> K. Seifert
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214560, AY293064, GU214460
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 12319
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ambrosia artemisifolia</italic> var. <italic>elatior</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214668, GU214668, GU214668
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora vaginae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=140.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 140.34</ext-link>; DSM
1148; IMI 303641
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Saccharum officinarum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Taiwan
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214561, AF222832, GU214461
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora zambiae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112970&link_type=cbs">CBS 112970</ext-link>; CPC
1228
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Zambia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> T. Coutinho
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214562, AY725522, EU019272
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112971&link_type=cbs">CBS 112971</ext-link>; CMW
14782; CPC 1227
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Zambia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> T. Coutinho
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214563, AY725523, EU019273
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora</italic>-like genus
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Avicermia</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. Gams
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214564, GU214642, GQ852622
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Penidiella columbiana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=486.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 486.80</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Paepalanthus columbianus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Colombia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. Gams
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214565, AJ244261, EU019274
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phacellium paspali</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113093&link_type=cbs">CBS 113093</ext-link>; RoKI
1144
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Setaria palmicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Taiwan
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> R. Kirschner & C.-J. Chen
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214669, GU214669, GU214669
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeophleospora atkinsonii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124565&link_type=cbs">CBS 124565</ext-link>; ICMP
17860
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Leaf of <italic>Hebe</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> New Zealand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214643, GU214462
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124566&link_type=cbs">CBS 124566</ext-link>; ICMP
17862
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Leaf of <italic>Hebe</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> New Zealand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214644, GU214463
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeophleospora eugeniicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 2557
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eugenia</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214566, FJ493190, FJ493208
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 2558
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eugenia</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214567, FJ493191, FJ493209
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phloeospora maculans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115123&link_type=cbs">CBS 115123</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> C.F. Hill
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214670, GU214670, GU214670
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Piedraia hortae</italic> var. <italic>hortae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=374.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 374.71</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Man
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> French Guiana
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214645, GU214464
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=375.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 375.71</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Man
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214646, GU214465
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=480.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 480.64</ext-link>; IHEM
3823; UAMH 4341
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Man, hair
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214647, GU214466
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Piedraia hortae</italic> var. <italic>paraguayensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=276.32&link_type=cbs">CBS 276.32</ext-link>; VKM
F-393
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214648, GU214467
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Piedraia quintanilhae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=327.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 327.63</ext-link>; IMI
101644
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Genetta tigrina</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Central African Republic
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, —, GU214468
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Polychaeton citri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116435&link_type=cbs">CBS 116435</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Citrus aurantium</italic>, leaf, with <italic>Pseudococcus citri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Iran
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> R. Zare & W. Gams
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214649, GU214469
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora angolensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112933&link_type=cbs">CBS 112933</ext-link>; CPC
4118
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Citrus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Zimbabwe
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214568, AY260063, GU214470
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=149.53&link_type=cbs">CBS 149.53</ext-link>; ATCC
11669
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Angola
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251106, AF222847, GU214471
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora atromarginalis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11372
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Solanum nigrum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214671, GU214671, GU214671
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora chengtuensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10785
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lycium chinense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214672, GU214672, GU214672
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora cordiana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114685&link_type=cbs">CBS 114685</ext-link>; CPC
2552
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cordia goeldiana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous & R.L. Benchimol
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214569, AF362054, GU214472
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora cruenta</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=462.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 462.75</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaseolus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Fiji
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. IJzermans-Lutgerhorst
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251105, AF362065, GU214473
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10846
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Vigna</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Trinidad
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H. Booker
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214673, GU214673, GU214673
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora eucommiae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10802
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucommia ulmoides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214674, GU214674, GU214674
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> X300
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Musa</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Tonga
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214570, AY752150, GU214474
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora fuligena</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 12296
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lycopersicum</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Thailand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214675, GU214675, GU214675
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora griseola</italic> f. <italic>griseola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=194.47&link_type=cbs">CBS 194.47</ext-link>; ATCC
22393
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaseolus vulgaris</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Portugal
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ289861, DQ289801, GU214475
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=880.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 880.72</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaseolus vulgaris</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H. A. v. Kesteren
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ289862, DQ289802, GU214476
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora humuli</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11358
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Humulus japonicus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214676, GU214676, GU214676
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora kaki</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10636
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Diospyros lotus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214677, GU214677, GU214677
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora luzardii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 2556
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hancornia speciosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.C. Alfenas & P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214571, AF362057, GU214477
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora macrospora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114696&link_type=cbs">CBS 114696</ext-link>; CPC
2553
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Bertholletia excelsa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous & R.L. Benchimol
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214572, AF362055, GU214478
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora ocimicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10283
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ocimum basilicum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Mexico
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.E. Palm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214678, GU214678, GU214678
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora opuntiae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=117708&link_type=cbs">CBS 117708</ext-link>; CPC
11772
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Opuntia</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Mexico
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M. De Jesus Yanez
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214679, GU214679, GU214679
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora pallida</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10776
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Campsis grandiflora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214680, GU214680, GU214680
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora paraguayensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111317&link_type=cbs">CBS 111317</ext-link>; CPC
1458
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus nitens</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil: Suzano
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214573, AF309596, GU214479
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora protearum</italic> var. <italic>leucadendri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 1869
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leucadendron</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> S. Denman & P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251107, AY260089, GU214480
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora pseudoeucalyptorum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114242&link_type=cbs">CBS 114242</ext-link>; CMW
14908; CPC 10390
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spain
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.P.M. Vazquez
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214574, AY725526, GU214481
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora punctata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113315&link_type=cbs">CBS 113315</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Syzygium cordatum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU167582, EU167582, GU214407
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10532
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Syzygium cordatum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214659, GU214659, GU214659
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11592
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Zelkova serrata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214575, DQ303085, GU214482
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora vitis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11595
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ073923, DQ073923, GU214483
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora</italic>-like genus
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10712
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Quercus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Verkley
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214681, GU214681, GU214681
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercosporella capsellae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10301
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Brassica</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.K.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> R. Evans
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214662, GU214662, GU214662
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercosporella fraxini</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11509
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Fraxinus rhynchophylla</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214682, GU214682, GU214682
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercosporella</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112737&link_type=cbs">CBS 112737</ext-link>; CPC
3959
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rhus typhina</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Canada
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> K. Seifert
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214684, GU214684, GU214684
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 4008
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rhys typhina</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Canada
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> K. Seifert
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214686, GU214686, GU214686
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10050
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rubus oldhamii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214685, GU214685, GU214685
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11414
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Vicia amurense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214683, GU214683, GU214683
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudotaeniolina globosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109889&link_type=cbs">CBS 109889</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Rock
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Italy
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> C. Urzi
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214576, AY128700, EU019283
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rachicladosporium cboliae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125424&link_type=cbs">CBS 125424</ext-link>; CPC
14034
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Twig debris
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214650, GU214484
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramichloridium apiculatum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 12310
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Vicia amurensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214687, GU214687, GU214687
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramichloridium cerophilum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=103.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 103.59</ext-link>; MUCL
10034
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sasa</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Japan
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU041798, EU041798, GU214485
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramichloridium musae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=190.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 190.63</ext-link>; MUCL
9557
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Musa sapientum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214577, EU041800, EU041857
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramichloridium</italic>-like genus
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10672
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phellodendron amurense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214688, GU214688, GU214688
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia acroptili</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120252&link_type=cbs">CBS 120252</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Acroptilon repens</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Turkey
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> R. Sobhian
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214689, GU214689, GU214689
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia brunnea</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 4903
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214691, GU214691, GU214691
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia coleosporii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11516
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Plectranthus excisus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214692, GU214692, GU214692
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia endophylla</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113265&link_type=cbs">CBS 113265</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Quercus robur</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Verkley
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY490775, AY490763, AY490776
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia grevilleana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 656
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Fragaria</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214578, AF173312, GU214486
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia nagornyi</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120253&link_type=cbs">CBS 120253</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Centaurea solstitiales</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Greece
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> D. Berner
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214579, EU019257, EU019257
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia pratensis</italic> var. <italic>pratensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11294
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rumex crispus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214580, EU019284, EU019284
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=324.87&link_type=cbs">CBS 324.87</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> leaf spot on <italic>Brassica</italic> sp., in <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214581, EU019285, EU019285
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10066
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Alangium plataniflium</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214690, GU214690, GU214690
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11297
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stellaria aquatica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214693, GU214693, GU214693
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia uredinicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10813
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Salix</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214694, GU214694, GU214694
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia</italic>-like genus
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10852
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Polygonum</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214695, GU214695, GU214695
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramulispora sorghi</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110578&link_type=cbs">CBS 110578</ext-link>; CPC 905
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sorghum</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> D. Nowell
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251110, AY259131, GU214487
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110579&link_type=cbs">CBS 110579</ext-link>; CPC 906
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sorghum</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> D. Nowell
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251111, AY259132, GU214488
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Readeriella dimorphospora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120034&link_type=cbs">CBS 120034</ext-link>; CPC
12636
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus nitens</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214521, EF394850, EU019258
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Readeriella mirabilis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116293&link_type=cbs">CBS 116293</ext-link>; CPC
10506
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus fastigata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> New Zealand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. Gams
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754110, AY725529, EU019291
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Schizothyrium pomi</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=228.57&link_type=cbs">CBS 228.57</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Italy
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> R. Ciferri
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF134947, EF134947, EF134947
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=406.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 406.61</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rubus idaeus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF134949, EF134949, EF134949
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=486.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 486.50</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Polygonum sachalinense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF134948, EF134948, EF134948
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Scorias spongiosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=325.33&link_type=cbs">CBS 325.33</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Aphid
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214696, GU214696, GU214696
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria apiicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.54</ext-link>; IMI
092628
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Apium graveolens</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.A. von Arx
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214584, AY152574, GU214490
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria convolvuli</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102325&link_type=cbs">CBS 102325</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Calystegia sepium</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Verkley
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214697, GU214697, GU214697
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria cucubali</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102368&link_type=cbs">CBS 102368</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cucubalus baccifer</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Verkley
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214698, GU214698, GU214698
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria dysentericae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 12328
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Daucus carota</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> N. Massola
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214699, GU214699, GU214699
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria lactucae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=352.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 352.58</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lactuca sativa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Germany
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214585, AY489282, GU214491
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria leucanthemi</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109090&link_type=cbs">CBS 109090</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Austria
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Verkley
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214586, AY489277, GU214492
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria obesa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.58</ext-link>; BBA
8554; IMI 091324
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Chrysanthemum indicum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Germany
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214587, AY489285, GU214493
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria protearum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 1470
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea cynaroides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L. Viljoen
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214588, AY260081, GU214494
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria pyricola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=222.31&link_type=cbs">CBS 222.31</ext-link>; CPC
3677
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pyrus communis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214589, AY152591, GU214495
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria quercicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=663.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 663.94</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Quercus robur</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214590, AY490771, GU214496
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria rosae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=355.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 355.58</ext-link>; ATCC
24311; PD 341; CPC 4302
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rosa</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251113, AY293065, GU214497
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria senecionis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102366&link_type=cbs">CBS 102366</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Senecio fluviatilis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Verkley
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214591, AY489272, GU214498
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria</italic>-like genus
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102377&link_type=cbs">CBS 102377</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Castanea sativa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Netherlands
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> G. Verkley
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214592, AY152588, GU214499
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sonderhenia eucalypticola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11252
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spain
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214593, DQ303064, GU214500
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sphaerulina polyspora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.29&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.29</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214651, GU214501
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Staninwardia suttonii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120061&link_type=cbs">CBS 120061</ext-link>; CPC
13055
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus robusta</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> B.A. Summerell
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214594, DQ923535, DQ923535
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stenella araguata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=105.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 105.75</ext-link>; ATCC
24788; FMC 245
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Man
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Venezuela
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214596, EU019250, EU019250
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stigmina platani</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110755&link_type=cbs">CBS 110755</ext-link>; IMI
136770; CPC 4299
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Platanus orientalis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> India
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214598, AY260090, FJ839663
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stigmina</italic> synanamorph
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11721
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Platanus occidentalis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214700, GU214700, GU214700
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stomiopeltis betulae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114420&link_type=cbs">CBS 114420</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Betula</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Sweden
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> K. & L. Holm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214701, GU214701, GU214701
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> aff. <italic>nubilosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114419&link_type=cbs">CBS 114419</ext-link>; CPC
10497
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> New Zealand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214599, AY725574, EU019303
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116283&link_type=cbs">CBS 116283</ext-link>; CPC
10495
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spain
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. Gams
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214600, AY725573, GU214503
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria alcornii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=313.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 313.76</ext-link>; CPC
3632
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus tessellaris</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.L. Alcorn
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214514, AF362061, EU019245
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria angophorae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120493&link_type=cbs">CBS 120493</ext-link>; DAR
77452
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Angophora floribunda</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.J. Carnegie
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —, GU214652, GU214504
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria bellula</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111700&link_type=cbs">CBS 111700</ext-link>; CPC
1821; JT 196
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea eximia</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.E. Taylor
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214601, EU019301, EU019301
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria cryptica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110975&link_type=cbs">CBS 110975</ext-link>; CMW
3279; CPC 936
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.J. Carnegie
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214602, AF309623, GU214505
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria destructans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111369&link_type=cbs">CBS 111369</ext-link>; CPC
1366
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Indonesia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214603, DQ267595, EU019287
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111370&link_type=cbs">CBS 111370</ext-link>; CPC
1368
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Indonesia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214702, GU214702, GU214702
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria fibrillosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 1876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea nitida</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.E. Taylor
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU019282, EU019282, GU214506
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria juvenalis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110906&link_type=cbs">CBS 110906</ext-link>; CMW
13347; CPC 40
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus cladocalyx</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY720715, AY725513, FJ493217
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111149&link_type=cbs">CBS 111149</ext-link>; CPC 23
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus cladocalyx</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY720714, AY725514, EU019294
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria macowanii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110756&link_type=cbs">CBS 110756</ext-link>; CPC
1872
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea nitida</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.E. Taylor
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214519, AY260095, EU019254
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111029&link_type=cbs">CBS 111029</ext-link>; CPC
1488
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Protea</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251118, AY260096, FJ493199
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria mexicana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110502&link_type=cbs">CBS 110502</ext-link>; CMW
14461
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214604, AY725558, GU214507
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120744&link_type=cbs">CBS 120744</ext-link>; CPC
12349
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.: Hawaii
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. Gams
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214605, EU019302, EU019302
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria molleriana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111164&link_type=cbs">CBS 111164</ext-link>; CMW
4940; CPC 1214
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Portugal
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214606, AF309620, EU019292
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116370&link_type=cbs">CBS 116370</ext-link>; CPC
10397
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spain
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.P.M. Vazquez
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214607, AY725561, GU214508
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 4577
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> —
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214582, AY725524, GU214489
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria nubilosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115669&link_type=cbs">CBS 115669</ext-link>; CPC 933
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus nitens</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214608, AY725548, GU214509
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116005&link_type=cbs">CBS 116005</ext-link>; CMW
3282; CPC 937
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.J. Carnegie
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214609, AY725572, GU214510
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria ohnowa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112896&link_type=cbs">CBS 112896</ext-link>; CMW
4937; CPC 1004
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251119, AF309604, EU019305
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112973&link_type=cbs">CBS 112973</ext-link>; CMW
4936; CPC 1005
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214610, AF309605, GU214511
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria pseudosuberosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118911&link_type=cbs">CBS 118911</ext-link>; CPC
12085
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Uruguay
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214611, DQ303011, EU019256
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria secundaria</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115608&link_type=cbs">CBS 115608</ext-link>; CPC 504
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Brazil
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.C. Alfenas
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214612, DQ303018, EU019306
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=208.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 208.94</ext-link>; CPC 727
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Indonesia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> A.C. Alfenas
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214613, AY626982, EU019307
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria stellenboschiana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116428&link_type=cbs">CBS 116428</ext-link>; CPC
10886
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214583, AY725518, EU019295
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria suberosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11032
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Colombia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214614, DQ303044, GU214512
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria suttonii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11279
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus tereticornis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Bolivia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.J. Wingfield
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214615, DQ303055, FJ493222
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 12352
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> U.S.A.: Hawaii
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> W. Gams
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214616, EU019288, EU019288
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria toledana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113313&link_type=cbs">CBS 113313</ext-link>; CMW
14457
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spain
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous & G. Bills
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214617, AY725580, GU214513
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115513&link_type=cbs">CBS 115513</ext-link>; CPC
10840
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spain
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous & G. Bills
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214618, FJ493198, FJ493225
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria verrucosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 18
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eucalyptus cladocalyx</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Africa
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> P.W. Crous
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY720713, AY725517, EU019293
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Thedgonia</italic>-like genus
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 12304
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Oplismenus undulatifolius</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> South Korea
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> H.D. Shin
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214703, GU214703, GU214703
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Toxicocladosporium irritans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=185.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 185.58</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Mouldy paint
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Suriname
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> M.B. Schol-Schwarz
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214619, EU040243, EU040243
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Verrucisporota daviesiae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116002&link_type=cbs">CBS 116002</ext-link>; VPRI
31767
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Daviesia latifolia</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> V. Beilharz
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214620, FJ839633, FJ839669
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Verrucisporota proteacearum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116003&link_type=cbs">CBS 116003</ext-link>; VPRI
31812
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Grevillea</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Australia
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> J.L. Alcorn
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214621, FJ839635, FJ839671
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Zasmidium anthuriicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118742&link_type=cbs">CBS 118742</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Anthurium</italic> sp.
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Thailand
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> C.F. Hill
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214595, FJ839626, FJ839662
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Zasmidium citri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116366&link_type=cbs">CBS 116366</ext-link>; CMW
11730; CPC 10522
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Acacia mangium</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top">Thailand
</td><td align="left" valign="top">K. Pongpanich
</td><td align="left" valign="top">GU214597, AY752145, GU214502
</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn1"><label>1</label><p>ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, Virginia, U.S.A.; BBA: Biologische
Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany; CBS:
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands; CMW: Culture
Collection of the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) of
the University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; CPC: Culture collection of
Pedro Crous, housed at CBS; DAOM: Plant Research Institute, Department of
Agriculture (Mycology), Ottawa, Canada; DAR: Plant Pathology Herbarium, Orange
Agricultural Institute, Forest Road, Orange. NSW 2800, Australia; DSM:
Deutsche Sammlung von Mikrorrganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Braunschweig,
Germany; ETH: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Culture Collection,
Zurich, Switzerland; FMC: Venezuelan School of Medicine; IAM: IAM Culture
Collection, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of
Tokyo, Japan; ICMP: International Collection of Micro-organisms from Plants,
Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand; IFO: Institute
for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan; IHEM: Collection of the Laboratorium voor
Microbiologie en Microbiele Genetica, Rijksuniversiteit, Ledeganckstraat 35,
B-9000, Gent, Belgium; IMI: International Mycological Institute,
CABI-Bioscience, Egham, Bakeham Lane, U.K.; IPO: Culture collection of the
Research Institute for Plant Protection, Wageningen, The Netherlands; JCM:
Japan Collection of Microorganism, RIKEN BioResource Center, Japan; JT:
Working collection of Joanne E. Taylor; LSHB: London School of Hygiene &
Tropical Medicine, London, U.K.; MPFN: Culture collection at the Laboratoire
de Pathologie Forestie're, INRA, Centre de Recherches de Nancy, 54280
Champenoux, France; MUCL: Université Catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; PD: Plant Protection Service, Wageningen, The
Netherlands; RoKI: Private culture collection Roland Kirschner; TNS: Herbarium
of the National Museum of Nature and Science of Japan, Tokyo, Japan; UAMH:
University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada; VKM: All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of
Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, 142292
Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; VPRI: Victorian Department of Primary
Industries, Knoxfield, Australia; WAC: Department of Agriculture Western
Australia Plant Pathogen Collection, Perth, Australia; X: Working collection
of Mahdi Arzanlou.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></p></sec><sec><title>DNA isolation, amplification and molecular phylogeny</title><p>Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium taken from fungal colonies on MEA
using the UltraClean™ Microbial DNA Isolation Kit (Mo Bio Laboratories,
Inc., Solana Beach, CA, U.S.A.). A part of the nuclear rDNA operon spanning
the 3' end of the 18S rRNA gene (SSU), the first internal transcribed spacer
(ITS1), the 5.8S rRNA gene, the second ITS region (ITS2) and the first 900 bp
at the 5' end of the 28S rRNA gene (LSU) was amplified and sequenced as
described by Cheewangkoon <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref19">2008</xref>) standard for all
strains included (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl3">Table 1</xref>). For
selected strains (see <xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl3">Table 1</xref>),
the almost complete SSU and LSU (missing the first and last 20–30
nucleotides) were amplified and sequenced using novel and previously published
primers (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl1">Table 2</xref>; see
below).</p><p><table-wrap position="float" id="tbl1"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Details of primers used for this study and their relation to selected
published primers. Primer names ending with a “d” denotes a
degenerate primer whereas those ending with a “m” denotes specific
primers designed based on the partial novel sequences generated. The start and
end positions of the primers are derived using <italic>Magnaporthe grisea</italic>GenBank accession AB026819 as reference in the 5'–3' direction.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Name</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Sequence (5′-3′)</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Orientation</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>%GC</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Tm (°C)</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Start</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>End</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Reference</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> 5.8S1Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CTC TTG GTT CBV GCA TCG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 57.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.8 - 54.2 - 56.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2333
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2350
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> 5.8S1Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> WAA TGA CGC TCG RAC AGG CAT G
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 57.6 - 58.9 - 60.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2451
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2472
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> F377
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AGA TGA AAA GAA CTT TGA AAA GAG AA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 26.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3005
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3030
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> ITS1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 63.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2162
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2180
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> ITS1F
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CTT GGT CAT TTA GAG GAA GTA A
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 36.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 39.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2124
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2145
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Gardes & Bruns (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref54">1993</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> ITS1Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CGA TTG AAT GGC TCA GTG AGG C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 54.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2043
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2064
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> ITS1Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAT ATG CTT AAG TTC AGC GGG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2671
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2691
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> ITS4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 45.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 41.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2685
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2704
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> ITS4S
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCT CCG CTT ATT GAT ATG CTT AAG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 41.7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 42.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2680
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2703
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Kretzer <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref71">1996</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> ITS5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GGA AGT AAA AGT CGT AAC AAG G
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2138
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2159
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR0R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GTA CCC GCT GAA CTT AAG C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2668
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2686
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Rehner & Samuels (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref87">1994</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TTT TCA AAG TTC TTT TC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 23.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3009
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3025
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR2R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AAG AAC TTT GAA AAG AG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 29.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 30.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3012
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3028
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GGT CCG TGT TTC AAG AC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3275
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3291
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Vilgalys & Hester (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref110">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR3R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GTC TTG AAA CAC GGA CC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3275
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3291
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TCC TGA GGG AAA CTT CG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 41.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3579
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3595
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Vilgalys & Hester (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref110">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR5R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAA GTT TCC CTC AGG AT
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 37.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3580
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3596
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm">www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CGC CAG TTC TGC TTA CC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 58.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3756
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3772
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Vilgalys & Hester (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref110">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TAC TAC CAC CAA GAT CT
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 41.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 35.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4062
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4078
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Vilgalys & Hester (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref110">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CAC CTT GGA GAC CTG CT
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 58.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 44.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4473
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4489
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR8R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AGC AGG TCT CCA AGG TG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 58.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 44.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4473
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4489
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AGA GCA CTG GGC AGA AA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4799
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4815
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR10
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AGT CAA GCT CAA CAG GG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 41.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5015
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5031
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR10R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAC CCT GTT GAG CTT GA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 41.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5013
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5029
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR11
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GCC AGT TAT CCC TGT GGT AA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5412
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5431
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR12
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAC TTA GAG GCG TTC AG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 39.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5715
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5731
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Vilgalys & Hester (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref110">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR12R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CTG AAC GCC TCT AAG TCA GAA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5715
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5735
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm">www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR13
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CAT CGG AAC AAC AAT GC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 38.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5935
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5951
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR14
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AGC CAA ACT CCC CAC CTG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 61.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5206
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5223
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR15
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TAA ATT ACA ACT CGG AC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 35.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 32.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2780
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2796
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR16
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TTC CAC CCA AAC ACT CG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 42.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3311
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3327
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Moncalvo <italic>et al.</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref76">1993</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR17R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TAA CCT ATT CTC AAA CTT
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 27.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 31.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3664
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3681
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR20R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GTG AGA CAG GTT AGT TTT ACC CT
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5570
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5592
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR21
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> ACT TCA AGC GTT TCC CTT T
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 42.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 41.7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3054
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3072
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LR22
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCT CAC GGT ACT TGT TCG CT
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 55.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 46.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2982
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3001
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU1Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GRA TCA GGT AGG RAT ACC CG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 55.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 41.8 - 44.0 - 46.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2655
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2674
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU1Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CTG TTG CCG CTT CAC TCG C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 63.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2736
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2754
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU2Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAA ACA CGG ACC RAG GAG TC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 57.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 45.5 - 46.5 - 47.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3280
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3299
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU2Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> ATC CGA RAA CWT CAG GAT CGG TCG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.3 - 49.0 - 49.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3379
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3402
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU3Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GTT CAT CYA GAC AGC MGG ACG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 57.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 44.7 - 47.4 - 50.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3843
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3863
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU3Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CAC ACT CCT TAG CGG ATT CCG AC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 56.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3898
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU4Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCG CAG CAG GTC TCC AAG G
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 68.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 51.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4469
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4487
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU4Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CGG ATC TRT TTT GCC GAC TTC CC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 54.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.4 - 48.7 - 50.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4523
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4545
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU5Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AGT GGG AGC TTC GGC GC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 70.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 51.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3357 / 5072
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3373 / 5088
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU5Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GGA CTA AAG GAT CGA TAG GCC ACA C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5355
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5379
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU6Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCG AAG CAG AAT TCG GTA AGC G
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 54.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5499
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5520
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU6Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TCT AAA CCC AGC TCA CGT TCC C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 54.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5543
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5564
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU7Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GTT ACG ATC TRC TGA GGG TAA GCC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 46.0 - 47.4 - 48.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5943
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5966
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU7Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GCA GAT CGT AAC AAC AAG GCT ACT CTA C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 46.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5927
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5954
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU8Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCA GAG GAA ACT CTG GTG GAG GC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 60.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 51.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3469
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3491
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU8Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GTC AGA TTC CCC TTG TCC GTA CC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 56.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4720
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4742
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU9Fm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GGT AGC CAA ATG CCT CGT CAT C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 54.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4882
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4903
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU9Rm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAT TYT GCS AAG CCC GTT CCC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 59.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.2 - 50.0 - 50.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4979
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4999
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU10Fm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GGG AAC GTG AGC TGG GTT TAG A
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 54.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5543
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5564
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU10Rm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CGC TTA CCG AAT TCT GCT TCG G
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 54.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5499
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5520
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU11Fm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TTTGGTAAGCAGAACTGGCGATGC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3753
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3776
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> LSU12Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GTGTGGCCTATCGATCCTTTAGTCC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5355
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5379
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GTA GTC ATA TGC TTG TCT C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 42.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 36.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 413
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 431
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS1R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAG ACA AGC ATA TGA CTA C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 42.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 36.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 413
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 431
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml">www.lutzonilab.net/primers/page244.shtml</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GGC TGC TGG CAC CAG ACT TGC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 66.7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 53.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 943
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 963
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GCAAGTCTGGTGCCAGCAGCC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 66.7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 53.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 943
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 963
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CTT CCG TCA ATT CCT TTA AG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 38.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1525
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1544
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AAC TTA AAG GAA TTG ACG GAA G
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 36.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1523
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1544
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GCA TCA CAG ACC TGT TAT TGC CTC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1806
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1829
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAG GCA ATA ACA GGT CTG TGA TGC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1806
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1829
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TCC GCA GGT TCA CCT ACG GA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 60.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2162
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2181
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> White <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref114">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS17
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CAT GTC TAA GTT TAA GCA A
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 31.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 34.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 447
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 465
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Gargas & Taylor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">1992</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS18
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CTC ATT CCA ATT ACA AGA CC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 38.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 887
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 906
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Gargas & Taylor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">1992</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS19
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCG GAG AAG GAG CCT GAG AAA C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 59.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 771
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 792
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Gargas & Taylor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">1992</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS20
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CGT CCC TAT TAA TCA TTA CG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 37.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1243
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1262
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Gargas & Taylor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">1992</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS21
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAA TAA TAG AAT AGG ACG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 33.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 30.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1193
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1210
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Gargas & Taylor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">1992</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS22
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AAT TAA GCA GAC AAA TCA CT
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 30.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 36.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1687
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1706
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Gargas & Taylor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">1992</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS23
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAC TCA ACA CGG GGA AAC TC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 55.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 45.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1579
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1598
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Gargas & Taylor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">1992</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> NS24
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AAA CCT TGT TAC GAC TTT TA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 30.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 36.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2143
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2162
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Gargas & Taylor (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">1992</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SR11R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GGA GCC TGA GAA ACG GCT AC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 60.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 779
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 798
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Spatafora <italic>et al.</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref101">1995</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SR1R
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TAC CTG GTT GAT TCT GC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 38.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 394
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 410
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Vilgalys & Hester (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref110">1990</xref>)
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SR3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAA AGT TGA TAG GGC T
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 34.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 696
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 711
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm">www.biology.duke.edu/fungi/mycolab/primers.htm</ext-link></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU1Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CTG CCA GTA GTC ATA TGC TTG TCT C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 46.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 407
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 431
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU1Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CTT TGA GAC AAG CAT ATG AC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 416
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 435
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU2Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAA CAA YTR GAG GGC AAG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.8 - 50.7 - 53.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 930
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 947
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU2Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TAT ACG CTW YTG GAG CTG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.4 - 49.9 - 51.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 974
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 991
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU3Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> ATC AGA TAC CGT YGT AGT C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 44.7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.4 - 49.5 - 50.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1389
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1407
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU3Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TAY GGT TRA GAC TAC RAC GG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.0 - 52.5 - 56.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1397
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1416
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU4Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCG TTC TTA GTT GGT GG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1670
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1686
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU4Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CAG ACA AAT CAC TCC ACC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1682
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1699
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU5Fd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> TAC TAC CGA TYG AAT GGC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 48.9 - 50.1 - 51.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2037
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2054
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU5Rd
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CGG AGA CCT TGT TAC GAC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 55.6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.5
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2148
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2165
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU6Fm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GCT TGT CTC AAA GAT TAA GCC ATG CAT GTC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 43.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 423
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 452
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU6Rm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GCA GGT TAA GGT CTC GTT CGT TAT CGC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 51.9
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 50.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1707
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1733
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU7Fm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GAG TGT TCA AAG CAG GCC TNT GCT CG
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 55.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 51.0 - 52.2 - 53.3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1153
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1178
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU7Rm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CAA TGC TCK ATC CCC AGC ACG AC
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reverse
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 58.7
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 49.5 - 50.8 - 52.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1921
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1943
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> SSU8Fm
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GCA CGC GCG CTA CAC TGA C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 68.4
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1848
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1866
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> This study
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">V9G
</td><td align="left" valign="top">TTA CGT CCC TGC CCT TTG TA
</td><td align="left" valign="top">Forward
</td><td align="left" valign="top">45.0
</td><td align="left" valign="top">42.8
</td><td align="left" valign="top">2002
</td><td align="left" valign="top">2021
</td><td align="left" valign="top">de Hoog & Gerrits van den Ende
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref61">1998</xref>)
</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p>Novel primers were designed using a variety of complete SSU and LSU
sequences obtained from the GenBank sequence database
(<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/</ext-link>).
The selection was not limited only to fungi belonging to the
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> but encompassed as many as possible full sequences in
order to make the primers as robust as possible. We aimed to keep the melting
temperature (Tm) of the novel primers at 40–45 °C and the GC content
to approximately 50 % to keep them as compatible as possible to existing
published primers. Primer parameters were calculated using the OligoAnalyzer
tool on the web site of Integrated DNA Technologies
(<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://eu.idtdna.com/analyzer/Applications/OligoAnalyzer/">http://eu.idtdna.com/analyzer/Applications/OligoAnalyzer/</ext-link>)
with the “Oligo Conc” parameter set at 0.2 mM and the “Na+
Conc” parameter set at 16 mM. A framework of existing and novel primers
was then aligned onto the sequence of <italic>Magnaporthe grisea</italic> (GenBank
accession AB026819) to derive primer positions
(<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl1">Table 2</xref>) and evaluate coverage
over the gene regions. These primers were amplified and sequenced in the
following overlapping sections to cover the almost complete SSU and LSU for
the selected strains (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl1">Table 2</xref>):
SSU1Fd or SSU6Fm with SSU2Rd, SSU2Fd with SSU3Rd, SSU7Fm with SSU4Rd or
SSU6Rm, SSU4Fd with 5.8S1Rd, V9G or LSU1Fd with LSU3Rd, LSU8Fd with LSU8Rd,
LSU4Fd with LSU5Rd, and LSU5Fd with LSU7Rd. For some strains
(<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl2">Table 3</xref>) it was necessary to
add an additional overlap for SSU4Fd with 5.8S1Rd (using SSU4Fd with SSU7Rm
and SSU8Fm with 5.8S1Rd), for LSU8Fd with LSU8Rd (using LSU8Fd with LSU3Rd and
LSU3Fd with LSU8Rd), and for LSU5Fd with LSU7Rd (using LSU5Fd with LSU6Rd and
LSU6Fd with LSU7Rd) to complete the gaps due to large insertions.</p><p><table-wrap position="float" id="tbl2"><label>Table 3.</label><caption><p>Isolates containing group I intron sequences. The insertion positions of
these introns are derived using <italic>Magnaporthe grisea</italic> GenBank accession
AB026819 as reference in the 5'–3' direction.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Isolate</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Insertion between</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>18S or 28S nrDNA</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Intron size (bp)</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Blast result</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Batcheloromyces leucadendri</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110892&link_type=cbs">CBS 110892</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 350
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 399
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 190/252 of AY545722 <italic>Hydropisphaera erubescens</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 328
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 211/264 of DQ246237 <italic>Teratosphaeria mexicana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 538
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 383
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 218/283 of EU181458 <italic>Trichophyton soudanense</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Batcheloromyces proteae</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110696&link_type=cbs">CBS 110696</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 325
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 399
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 191/254 of AY545722 <italic>Hydropisphaera erubescens</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 328
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 211/263 of DQ246237 <italic>Teratosphaeria mexicana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 535
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 75/90 of DQ442697 <italic>Arxula adeninivorans</italic> 26S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 372
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 34/36 of GQ120133 Uncultured marine fungus 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catenulostroma macowanii</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110756&link_type=cbs">CBS 110756</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 395
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 297/379 of DQ848302 <italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 914
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catenulostroma macowanii</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111029&link_type=cbs">CBS 111029</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 395
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 303/379 of DQ848302 <italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 914
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora apii</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118712&link_type=cbs">CBS
118712</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 733
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 288/363 of EU167577 <italic>Mycosphaerella milleri</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora capsici</italic> CPC 12307
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 732
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 287/363 of EU167577 <italic>Mycosphaerella milleri</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora janseana</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=145.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 145.37</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 350
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 295/365 of EU167577 <italic>Mycosphaerella milleri</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Devriesia staurophora</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=375.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 375.81</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3560 - 3561
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 309
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Miuraea persicae</italic> CPC 10069
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 603
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 399/443 of DQ848342 <italic>Mycosphaerella populorum</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=652.85&link_type=cbs">CBS 652.85</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 370
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 234/296 of DQ848311 <italic>Septoria betulae</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 933
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Matches same species
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2168 - 2169
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 494
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 377/449 of DQ848326 <italic>Septoria alnifolia</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 481
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> missing 5018 - 5019
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Not present
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Not present
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 680
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 471
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Micosphaerella latebrosa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=687.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 687.94</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 370
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 231/295 of DQ848310 <italic>Septoria betulae</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 918
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Matches same species
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2168 - 2169
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 494
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 377/449 of DQ848326 <italic>Septoria alnifolia</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 480
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5018 - 5019
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 417
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 144/181 of AF430703 <italic>Beauveria bassiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 680
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 471
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella marksii</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110942&link_type=cbs">CBS 110942</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 341
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 332/355 of DQ848296 <italic>Mycosphaerella musae</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella marksii</italic> CPC 11222
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 341
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 332/355 of DQ848296 <italic>Mycosphaerella musae</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora</italic>-like genus CPC 11876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 580
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora bellynckii</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=150.49&link_type=cbs">CBS 150.49</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 409
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 147/191 of DQ848296 <italic>Mycosphaerella musae</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Passalora dodonaea</italic> CPC 1223
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 738
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phacellium paspali</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113093&link_type=cbs">CBS
113093</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 340
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 161/197 of DQ248314 <italic>Symbiotaphrina kochii</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeophleospora eugeniicola</italic> CPC 2557
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> missing 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Not present
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Not present
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 744
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeophleospora eugeniicola</italic> CPC 2558
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1846
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 744
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora angolensis</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112933&link_type=cbs">CBS 112933</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5018 - 5019
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 379
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora angolensis</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=149.53&link_type=cbs">CBS 149.53</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5018 - 5019
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 379
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora punctata</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113315&link_type=cbs">CBS 113315</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 723
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 725
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 67/73 of AF430699 <italic>Beauveria bassiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora punctata</italic> CPC 10532
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 731
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 725
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 67/73 of AF430699 <italic>Beauveria bassiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia coleosporii</italic> CPC 11516
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 445
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramularia grevilleana</italic> CPC 656
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 546
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria apiicola</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.54&link_type=cbs">CBS
400.54</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 763
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria obesa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.58&link_type=cbs">CBS
354.58</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 575
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2168 - 2169
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 548
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 394/454 of DQ848326 <italic>Septoria alnifolia</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 430
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria pyricola</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=222.31&link_type=cbs">CBS
222.31</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 723
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria quercicola</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=663.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 663.94</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 334
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 241/308 of DQ848303 <italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 442
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 379/452 of DQ848335 <italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 345
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5018 - 5019
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 367
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 122/155 of DQ518980 <italic>Lipomyces spencermartinsiae</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 526
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 603
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Septoria rosae</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=355.58&link_type=cbs">CBS
355.58</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 496
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sonderhenia eucalypticola</italic> CPC 11252
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 408
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 339/404 of DQ848314 <italic>Mycosphaerella populorum</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 337
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 229/289 of AB044641 <italic>Cordyceps</italic> sp. 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 705
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stigmina platani</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110755&link_type=cbs">CBS
110755</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 379
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 40/44 of AB007686 <italic>Exophiala calicioides</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5018 - 5019
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 376
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stigmina</italic> synanamorph CPC 11721
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5018 - 5019
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 371
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> aff. <italic>nubilosa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114419&link_type=cbs">CBS 114419</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4871 - 4872
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 141
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity; high identity to <italic>Teratosphaeria nubilosa</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 580
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity; high identity to <italic>Teratosphaeria nubilosa</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> aff. <italic>nubilosa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116283&link_type=cbs">CBS 116283</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4871 - 4872
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 141
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity; high identity to <italic>Teratosphaeria nubilosa</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 580
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity; high identity to <italic>Teratosphaeria nubilosa</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria juvenalis</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110906&link_type=cbs">CBS 110906</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 403
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52/61 of DQ471010 <italic>Rutstroemia firma</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 345
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 224/290 of EF115309 <italic>Cordyceps bassiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 478
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47/50 of EF115313 <italic>Cordyceps bassiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 402
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria juvenalis</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111149&link_type=cbs">CBS 111149</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 403
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 52/61 of DQ471010 <italic>Rutstroemia firma</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 345
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 224/290 of EF115309 <italic>Cordyceps bassiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 478
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47/50 of EF115313 <italic>Cordyceps bassiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 402
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria mexicana</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110502&link_type=cbs">CBS 110502</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 954 - 955
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 316
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 129/158 of DQ518980 <italic>Lipomyces spencermartinsiae</italic> 26S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 360
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 388
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 128/168 of AF281670 <italic>Cryptendoxyla hypophloia</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3560 - 3561
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 383
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 124/151 of EF647754 <italic>Thecaphora thlaspeos</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 327
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 99/114 of L81104 <italic>Gaeumannomyces graminis</italic> var. <italic>tritici</italic> 28S
nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5018 - 5019
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 315
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 553
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria mexicana</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120744&link_type=cbs">CBS 120744</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 954 - 955
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 318
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 130/158 of DQ518980 <italic>Lipomyces spencermartinsiae</italic> 26S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1559 - 1560
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 360
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 389
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 85/109 of AF281670 <italic>Cryptendoxyla hypophloia</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3560 - 3561
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 378
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 119/155 of AY298780 <italic>Lentinellus castoreus</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 327
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 162/200 of AB033530 <italic>Penicillium sabulosum</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5018 - 5019
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 309
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 659
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria nubilosa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115669&link_type=cbs">CBS 115669</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4871 - 4872
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 141
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity; high identity to <italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> aff.
<italic>nubilosa</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 580
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity; high identity to <italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> aff.
<italic>nubilosa</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria nubilosa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116005&link_type=cbs">CBS 116005</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4871 - 4872
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 141
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity; high identity to <italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> aff.
<italic>nubilosa</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 580
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity; high identity to <italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> aff.
<italic>nubilosa</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria ohnowa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112896&link_type=cbs">CBS 112896</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 954 - 955
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 325
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28/28 of DQ848329 <italic>Botryosphaeria quercuum</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3560 - 3561
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 294
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 168/227 of FJ358267 <italic>Chaetothyriales</italic> sp. 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 607
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47/48 of EF115313 <italic>Cordyceps bassiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria ohnowa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112973&link_type=cbs">CBS 112973</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 954 - 955
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 324
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28/28 of DQ848329 <italic>Botryosphaeria quercuum</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3560 - 3561
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 294
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 168/227 of FJ358267 <italic>Chaetothyriales</italic> sp. 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 607
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47/48 of EF115313 <italic>Cordyceps bassiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria pseudosuberosa</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118911&link_type=cbs">CBS 118911</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3560 - 3561
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 324
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28/28 of DQ848329 <italic>Botryosphaeria quercuum</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 364
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> sp. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=208.94&link_type=cbs">CBS
208.94</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 954 - 955
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 342
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> No significant similarity
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 3560 - 3561
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 309
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 59/70 of AY207244 <italic>Mycena pura</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 4875 - 4876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 296
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 44/51 of EF551317 <italic>Tremella globispora</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria suberosa</italic> CPC 11032
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5424 - 5425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 313
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 159/197 of AB033529 <italic>Penicillium oblatum</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 5538 - 5539
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 28S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 596
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 80/99 of AB044639 <italic>Cordyceps kanzashiana</italic> 28S nrDNA
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Thedgonia</italic>-like genus CPC 12304
</td><td align="left" valign="top">1820 - 1821
</td><td align="left" valign="top">18S nrDNA
</td><td align="left" valign="top">444
</td><td align="left" valign="top">262/331 of EU167577 <italic>Mycosphaerella milleri</italic> 18S nrDNA
</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p><p>The internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as all insertions
(<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl2">Table 3</xref>) were excluded from
all analyses. Sequence data were deposited in GenBank
(<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl3">Table 1</xref>) and alignments in
TreeBASE
(<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.treebase.org">www.treebase.org</ext-link>).
Two separate analyses were performed: The first using only partial LSU data
due to the limited number of complete LSU sequences available and the second
using the almost complete SSU, 5.8S nrDNA and LSU alignment.</p><p>Maximum likelihood analyses (ML) were conducted in RAxML v. 7.0.4
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref102">Stamatakis 2006</xref>) for the
partial LSU alignment. A general time reversible model (GTR) with a discrete
gamma distribution and four rate classes was applied. A tree was obtained by
simultaneously running a fast bootstrap search of 1000 pseudoreplicates
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref103">Stamatakis <italic>et al</italic>.
2008</xref>) followed by a search for the most likely tree. Maximum
Likelihood bootstrap value (MLBP) equal or greater than 70 % are given at the
nodes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Fig. 1</xref>).</p><p>Maximum likelihood analyses (ML) were conducted in RAxML v. 7.0.4
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref102">Stamatakis 2006</xref>) for the
almost complete SSU, 5.8S nrDNA and LSU alignment. A general time reversible
model (GTR) with a discrete gamma distribution and four rate classes was
applied to each partition (SSU, 5.8S nrDNA and LSU). A tree was obtained by
simultaneously running a fast bootstrap search of 500 pseudoreplicates
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref103">Stamatakis <italic>et al</italic>.
2008</xref>) followed by a search for the most likely tree. Maximum
Likelihood bootstrap value (MLBP) equal or greater than 70 % are given at the
nodes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>Taxonomy</title><p>Fungal structures were mounted in lactic acid, and 30 measurements (×
1000 magnification) obtained per structure type. The range obtained is
presented, except for spore measurements, where the 95 % confidence intervals
are given with the extremes in parentheses. Colony colours (surface and
reverse) were assessed after 1–2 wk on MEA at 25 °C in the dark,
using the colour charts of Rayner
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref86">1970</xref>). All cultures obtained
in this study are maintained in the culture collection of the Centraalbureau
voor Schimmelcultures (CBS-KNAW) in Utrecht, the Netherlands
(<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl3">Table 1</xref>). Nomenclatural
novelties and descriptions were deposited in MycoBank
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref31">Crous <italic>et al</italic>. 2004b</xref>).
Names for which the taxonomy has not been resolved, but need to be allocated
to another genus, are placed in inverted commas, <italic>e.g.</italic>“<italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>” <italic>iridis</italic>.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig1"><label>Fig. 1.</label><caption><p>RAxML tree using only the partial LSU alignment with bootstrap values after
1 000 pseudorepetitions on the nodes. Type strains and novel species described
in this study are indicated in <bold>bold</bold>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig1A"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="17fig1B"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="17fig1C"></graphic></fig></p><p><fig position="float" id="fig2"><label>Fig. 2.</label><caption><p>RAxML tree using the SSU, 5.8S nrDNA and LSU alignment with bootstrap
values after 500 pseudorepetitions on the nodes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig2A"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="17fig2B"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="17fig2C"></graphic></fig></p></sec></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><sec><title>DNA amplification and phylogeny</title><p>Amplification products of approximately 1 700 bases were obtained for the
standard amplification of the isolates listed in
<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl3">Table 1</xref>. The LSU region of
these sequences was used to obtain additional sequences from GenBank that were
added to the partial LSU alignment. We expected a total size of approximately
5 500 bp for the concatenated SSU, ITS1, 5.8S nrDNA, ITS2 and LSU at the start
of the study; however, our alignment totalled about 12 000 bp due to numerous
insertions (most likely group 1 introns) encountered for several strains
(<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl2">Table 3</xref>). These insertions
frequently resulted in products too large to amplify or sequence effectively
and sometimes required us to design additional novel primers in extra
overlapping steps to complete these gaps (see Materials and Methods for
details). Searching the GenBank database using these insertions had varied
success (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl2">Table 3</xref>). Sequences of
the 18S nrDNA are more abundant in the database whereas sequences of the
second half to two-thirds of the 28S nrDNA are mostly absent. This also
evident in <xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl2">Table 3</xref>, where
insertions in the SSU more frequently found with similarity sequences in the
database and insertions in the LSU (<italic>e.g.</italic> those between positions
5018–5019 and 5424–5425) frequently did not retrieve any
significant similarity. Although there were some exceptions (<italic>e.g.</italic> the
insertion between 1820 and 1821 in the SSU of <italic>Batcheloromyces
leucadendri</italic>), most of the insertions in the SSU obtained hits with SSU
sequences of species of <italic>Capnodiales</italic> in the database. In one case,
between 954 and 955 for the SSU sequence of <italic>Teratosphaeria mexicana</italic>(both strains), a partial hit was obtained with an LSU sequence of
<italic>Lipomyces spencermartinsiae</italic> (GenBank DQ518980). Many of the
insertions in the LSU sequences did not retrieve significant hits in the
database and those that did were with unrelated taxa. It is quite possible
that this is an artifact of the poor representation of full-length LSU
sequences in the database, especially for members of the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>.
In some cases, an LSU insertion retrieved a hit with SSU sequences in the
database, <italic>e.g.</italic> the insertion between 5538 and 5539 in
<italic>Batcheloromyces proteae</italic> and between 3560 and 3561 and 4875 and 4876
in <italic>Teratosphaeria mexicana</italic> strain
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120744&link_type=cbs">CBS 120744</ext-link>. In two
cases (<italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic> and <italic>Phaeophleospora
eugeniicola</italic>), an insertion was either lost or gained between two strains
of the same species. The primers designed in this study allowed us to
effectively amplify and sequence the SSU and LSU for the selected isolates.
Althought these primers were not tested on taxa outside of the
<italic>Capnodiales</italic> (except for one of the outgroups, <italic>Neofusicoccum
australe</italic>), we attempted to design them as robust as possible using
degeneracy if needed. We therefore expect that these primers will have wider
applicability than just the <italic>Capnodiales</italic> in cases where other
published primers fail to amplify or amplify poorly.</p><p>The RAxML search of the partial LSU alignment yielded a most likely tree
(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Fig. 1</xref>) with a log likelihood
-13397.994021. The matrix had 395 distinct alignment patterns, with 6 %
completely undetermined characters in the alignment. The manually adjusted
alignment contained 295 sequences (including the outgroup sequence,
<italic>Dothidea insculpta</italic> GenBank DQ247802) and 763 characters including
alignment gaps. The RAxML search of the almost complete SSU, 5.8S nrDNA and
LSU alignment yielded a most likely tree
(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2</xref>) with a log likelihood
-39022.881140. The matrix had 1211 alignment patterns with 0.01 % of the
characters consisting of gaps or undetermined characters. The manually
adjusted alignment contained 205 sequences (including the outgroup sequences,
<italic>Neofusicoccum australe</italic> CPC 10899 and <italic>Magnaporthe grisea</italic>GenBank AB026819) and 5110 characters including alignment gaps. The obtained
phylogenies (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">1</xref>,
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">2</xref>) are discussed in the
Taxonomy section below.</p></sec><sec><title>Taxonomy</title><p>Several well-supported clades could be distinguished in the present study
(Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">1</xref>,
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">2</xref>), correlating to families in
the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>. These families, and several new genera and species,
are treated below.</p></sec><sec><title>Treatment of phylogenetic clades</title><p><italic><bold>Capnodiales</bold></italic> Woron. Ann. Mycol. 23: 177. 1925.</p><p>Data obtained from multi-gene phylogenies prompted Schoch <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref90">2006</xref>) to merge
<italic>Mycosphaerellales</italic> with <italic>Capnodiales</italic>. Although the present
study included numerous additional isolates, the orders remain problematic.
Although there is support for the <italic>Mycosphaerellales</italic> as an order,
additional families such as the <italic>Schizothyriaceae</italic> and
<italic>Dissoconiaceae</italic> (see below) would have to also be elevated to order
level, which would result in orders containing a single family, while
<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> appears to comprise unresolved lineages. For this
reason it was decided to retain these families within <italic>Capnodiales</italic>,
but noting that as more families are added and better circumscribed, it is
quite possible that the <italic>Mycosphaerellales</italic> would again be
resurrected.</p><p><italic><bold>Mycosphaerellaceae</bold></italic> Lindau, In: Engler & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfamilien 1(1): 421. 1897.</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Mycosphaerella punctiformis</italic> (Pers.: Fr.)
Starbäck, Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 15(3, 2): 9.
1889.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: The <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> contains numerous genera,
20 of which are listed by Crous
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref24">2009</xref>), with many names under
consideration (Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">2009b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref43">c</xref>). From these data it is
clear that genera such as <italic>Passalora, Pseudocercospora,
Pseudocercosporella, Septoria, Zasmidium</italic> and <italic>Ramichloridium</italic> are
paraphyletic (Hunter <italic>et al</italic>. in prep.). Well-resolved genera include
<italic>Cercospora, Cercosporella, Ramularia, Ramulispora, Sonderhenia</italic> and
<italic>Polythrincium</italic>. One particularly problematic clade contains
<italic>Periconiella, Ramichloridium, Verrucisporota</italic> and <italic>Zasmidium,</italic>along with “<italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>” and <italic>Rasutoria</italic>teleomorphs. Barr (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">1987</xref>)
erected <italic>Rasutoria</italic> for species with brown ascospores occurring on
<italic>Gymnospermae. Rasutoria</italic> clusters in a clade adjacent to
“<italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>” species with hyaline ascospores, such as
<italic>M. aleuritidis</italic> and <italic>Mycosphaerella daviesiicola</italic>(<italic>Verrucisporota daviesiae</italic>)
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref12">Beilharz & Pascoe
2002</xref>).</p><p>The genus <italic>Phaeophleospora</italic> (1916) clusters with <italic>Lecanosticta
acicola</italic>. The genus <italic>Lecanosticta</italic> (1922) has typical
<italic>Phaeophleospora</italic>-like conidia, except that its conidiomata are
acervular, and not pycnidial. If the type of <italic>Lecanosticta, L. pini</italic>also clusters in this clade, the generic concept <italic>Phaeophleospora</italic> may
have to be widened to include <italic>Lecanosticta</italic>, as was done with
<italic>Kirramyces</italic> to include <italic>Colletogloeopsis</italic> (Cortinas <italic>et
al</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref22">2006a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref21">b</xref>).</p><p>Considerable controversy has surrounded the coelomycetes that Crous <italic>et
al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref30">1997</xref>) placed in
<italic>Phaeophleospora</italic>. Based on DNA phylogenetic data, it has now been
shown that <italic>Kirramyces</italic> anamorphs
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref112">Walker <italic>et al</italic>.
1992</xref>), including those accommodated in <italic>Colletogloeopsis</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref46">Crous & Wingfield 1996</xref>,
Crous <italic>et al.</italic> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref32">2004c</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref47">2006c</xref>, Cortinas <italic>et
al</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref22">2006a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref21">b</xref>), are linked to
<italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">Andjic <italic>et
al</italic>. 2007</xref>, Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">2009b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref43">c</xref>). Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">2007a</xref>) showed
<italic>Phaeophleospora</italic> to reside in the <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> and
<italic>Kirramyces</italic> in the <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>, respectively. However,
most taxa investigated to date were collected from <italic>Eucalyptus</italic>. As
shown in the present study, <italic>Phaeophleospora atkinsonii</italic>, a pathogen of
<italic>Hebes</italic> spp. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref116">Wu <italic>et al</italic>.
1996</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref83">Pennycook & McKenzie
2002</xref>), clusters distant from <italic>Phaeophleospora s. str.</italic>,
while the same is true for <italic>Phaeophleospora concentrica</italic>, which is a
pathogen of <italic>Protea</italic> spp. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref104">Taylor
<italic>et al</italic>. 2001a</xref>), and <italic>Phaeophleospora stonei</italic>, a
pathogen of <italic>Eucalyptus</italic> (Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref41">2007c</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref43">2009c</xref>). These taxa thus
clearly represent yet another two genera in the <italic>Phaeophleospora</italic>complex. An older name that would potentially be available is
<italic>Scoleciasis</italic>. However, when B. Sutton examined exsiccati of the type
species, <italic>S. aquatica</italic>, only ascomata of a <italic>Leptosphaeria</italic>species were found (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref30">Crous <italic>et al.</italic>1997</xref>). The association of <italic>S. aquatica</italic> with the
<italic>Leptosphaeria</italic> was also noted in the original description, and this
may indicate that <italic>Scoleciasis</italic> is allied to taxa in the
<italic>Phaeosphaeriopsis/Phaeoseptoria</italic> complex
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">Arzanlou & Crous 2006</xref>).
Both <italic>P. atkinsonii</italic> and <italic>P. concentrica</italic> have a typical
<italic>Kirramyces</italic> morphology, namely brown, percurrently proliferating
conidiogenous cells, and brown, obclavate, verruculose, transversely euseptate
conidia. Further species thus need to be included in analyses before these
generic concepts can be clarified.</p><p>During the course of this study several fresh collections of
<italic>Leptosphaeria protearum</italic> were obtained. <italic>Leptosphaeria
protearum</italic> is a major leaf spot and blight pathogen of <italic>Protea</italic>spp. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref70">Knox-Davies <italic>et al.</italic>1987</xref>), and causes severe losses in plantations of South African
<italic>Protea</italic> spp. in Hawaii, and has been recorded in many countries where
South African proteas are cultivated
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref105">Taylor & Crous 1998</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref107">Taylor <italic>et al</italic>. 2001b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref29">Crous <italic>et al</italic>. 2004a</xref>).
Cultures of this pathogen were found to cluster in the
<italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic>, where they represent an undescribed genus,
characterised by having bitunicate asci without pseudoparaphyses, brown,
3-septate ascospores, and a <italic>Coniothyrium</italic>-like anamorph. Its close
phylogenetic relationship to <italic>Phaeophloeospora concentrica</italic>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Fig. 1</xref>) suggests that they
could be congeneric, and that in future more <italic>Phaeophloeospora</italic>-like
anamorphs may be found to cluster in this clade. We propose a new genus to
accommodate <italic>Leptosphaeria protearum</italic> below.</p><p><italic><bold>Brunneosphaerella</bold></italic> Crous, <bold>gen. nov.</bold> MycoBank
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514694&link_type=mb">MB514694</ext-link>.</p><p><italic>Etymology</italic>: <italic>Brunneus</italic> + <italic>Sphaerella</italic> = is after its
brown ascospores and <italic>Sphaerella</italic>-like morphology.</p><p><italic>Mycosphaerellae</italic> similis, sed ascosporis brunneis, 3-septatis.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> amphigenous, immersed to semi-immersed, black, single,
gregarious, substomatal, pyriform or globose with a papillate, periphysate
ostiole. <italic>Peridium</italic> consisting of three strata of slightly compressed
<italic>textura angularis</italic>, an outer stratum of dark brown, thick-walled
cells, becoming paler in the central stratum, and hyaline, thin-walled in the
inner stratum. <italic>Asci</italic> clavate to cylindro-clavate, often curved,
tapering to a pedicel, narrowing slightly to a rounded apex with an indistinct
ocular chamber, 8-spored, bitunicate with fissitunicate dehiscense.
<italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> absent. <italic>Ascospores</italic> biseriate, fusiform,
broader at the apical end, initially hyaline and 1-septate, becoming
yellow-brown and 3-septate at maturity, slightly constricted at median to
supra-median septum.</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Brunneosphaerella protearum</italic> (Syd. & P.
Syd.) Crous, comb. nov.</p><p><italic><bold>Brunneosphaerella jonkershoekensis</bold></italic> (Marinc., M.J. Wingf.
& Crous) Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514695&link_type=mb">MB514695</ext-link>.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Fig. 3</xref>.</p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria jonkershoekensis</italic> Marinc., M.J.
Wingf. & Crous, In: Marincowitz <italic>et al</italic>., <italic>Microfungi occurring
on Proteaceae in the fynbos</italic>: 62. 2008.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, subepidermal, immersed, obpyriform,
papillate, 180–205 × 160–235 μm. <italic>Peridium</italic>20–30 μm thick, composed of relatively large cells, 11–15
× 2.5–5.5 μm; cells arranged in three strata; outer stratum
consisting of 3–5 layers of dark brown, very thick-walled cells; middle
stratum transient, consisting of a few layers of pale brown, thick-walled,
compressed cells; inner stratum consisting of 1–2 layers of thin-walled,
very compressed cells. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> absent. <italic>Asci</italic>bitunicate, inflated cylindrical to clavate, 81–95 × 13–15
μm, ocular chamber dome-shaped, indistinct. <italic>Ascospores</italic> pale brown,
fusoid to ellipsoidal, tapering towards the base,
(25–)29–34(–36) × (5–)6–7(–9) μm
(av. 31.4 × 6.7 μm), apical cell the shortest, upper hemispore
slightly larger than lower, at times slightly curved, 3-septate, smooth,
guttulate (adapted from <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref74">Marincowitz <italic>et
al</italic>. 2008</xref>).</p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: <italic>Protea repens</italic>(South Africa, Western Cape) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref74">Marincowitz
<italic>et al</italic>. 2008</xref>).</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>south Africa</bold>, Western Cape Province,
Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, leaf litter of <italic>Protea repens</italic>, 6 Jun.
2000, S. Marincowitz, PREM 59447 <bold>holotype</bold>.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: Although no culture is presently available for this
species, it clearly represents a species of <italic>Brunneosphaerella</italic>,
characterised by its bitunicate asci, and brown, 3-septate ascospores, as well
as the absence of pseudoparaphyses. <italic>Brunneosphaerella
jonkershoekensis</italic> can easily be distinguished from <italic>B. protearum</italic>based on its much larger ascospores (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref29">Crous
<italic>et al</italic>. 2004a</xref>).</p><p><italic><bold>Brunneosphaerella protearum</bold></italic> (Syd. & P. Syd.) Crous,
<bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514696&link_type=mb">MB514696</ext-link>.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">Fig. 4</xref>.</p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Leptosphaeria protearum</italic> Syd. & P. Syd.,
Ann. Mycol. 10: 441. 1912.</p><p><italic>Anamorph</italic>: “<italic>Coniothyrium” protearum</italic> Joanne E.
Taylor & Crous, IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No. 1343. 1998.</p><p><italic>Leaf spots</italic> circular to irregular, discrete to confluent, variable
in size, under conditions favourable to disease symptoms more similar to a
blight than a leaf spot, necrotic, sunken with a raised dark brown margin and
with conspicuous black ascomata in the dead tissue, 4–30 mm diam.
<italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, substomatal, amphigenous, immersed to
semi-immersed, not erumpent, black, single, gregarious, 180–320 μm
diam; in section, substomatal, subepidermal, pyriform or globose with a
papillate, periphysate ostiole, immersed in a stroma consisting of
deteriorated host mesophyll cells filled with fungal hyphae,
(210–)230–264(–288) μm high,
(180–)200–255(–300) μm diam. <italic>Peridium</italic> consisting
of three strata of slightly compressed <italic>textura angularis</italic>, an outer
stratum of dark brown, thick-walled cells, becoming paler in the central
stratum, and hyaline, thin-walled in the inner stratum, altogether
(20–)24.5–37.5(–50) μm thick. <italic>Asci</italic> clavate to
cylindro-clavate, often curved, tapering to a pedicel, narrowing slightly to a
rounded apex with an indistinct ocular chamber, 8-spored, bitunicate with
fissitunicate dehiscense, (70–)80–87.5(–105) ×
(13.5–)14.5–16(–21.5) μm. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic>absent. <italic>Ascospores</italic> biseriate, fusiform, broader at the apical end,
initially hyaline and 1-septate, becoming yellow-brown and 3-septate at
maturity, slightly constricted at median to supra-median septum,
(21.5–)27.5–29.5(–37.5) ×
(6.3–)7.5–8(–10) μm in water mounts,
(21–)25.5–27.5(–31) × (5.5–)6–7(–8)
μm in lactophenol. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> barely visible and interspersed
between ascomata, pycnidial, subepidermal, substomatal, separate, globose to
pyriform, occasionally with well-developed papilla, dark brown, < 200 μm
diam. <italic>Conidiophores</italic> reduced to conidiogenous cells. <italic>Conidiogenous
cells</italic> discrete, smooth, hyaline, doliiform to ampulliform, holoblastic,
proliferating 1–2 times percurrently, 4–6 × 3–4 μm.
<italic>Conidia</italic> pale brown to medium brown, thick-walled on maturity, smooth
to finely verruculose, eguttulate, ellipsoidal to globose, often truncate at
one end, 5–10 × 3–7 μm (adapted from
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref29">Crous <italic>et al.</italic>2004a</xref>).</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig3"><label>Fig. 3.</label><caption><p><italic>Brunneosphaerella jonkershoekensis</italic>. A–B. Vertical sections
through ascomata showing wall structure. C–D, G. Bitunicate asci.
E–F. Ascospores. Scale bars: A, C = 50 μm, B = 20 μm, D, G = 10
μm, E–F = 5 μm (from
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref74">Marincowitz <italic>et al</italic>.
2008</xref>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig3"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: <italic>Protea cynaroides,
P.</italic> `Susara' (Portugal, Madeira)
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">Moura & Rodrigues 2001</xref>);
<italic>P. caffra</italic>, <italic>P. compacta, P. cynaroides, P. gaguedi, P. grandiceps,
P. lacticolor, P. laurifolia, P. lepidocarpodendron, P. lorifolia, P.
magnifica, P. nitida, P. punctata, P. repens, P.</italic> `Sheila',
<italic>Protea</italic> spp. (South Africa); <italic>P. cynaroides, P. laurifolia, P.
neriifolia, P</italic>. `Ivory Musk', <italic>P.</italic> `Mink', <italic>P.</italic> `Pink Ice',
<italic>P.</italic> `Rose Mink', <italic>P. susannae, Protea</italic> sp. (U.S.A., Hawaii)
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref107">Taylor <italic>et al</italic>.
2001b</xref>); <italic>P. cynaroides, P. gaguedi, P. neriifolia, Protea</italic>sp. (Zimbabwe, Inyanga) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref75">Masuka <italic>et
al</italic>. 1998</xref>).</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>south Africa</bold>, Western Cape Province,
Bettys' Bay, leaf litter of <italic>Protea magnifica</italic>, 11 Jul. 2000, S.
Marincowitz, PREM 59448; Helderberg Nature Reserve, leaf litter of <italic>Protea
laurifolia</italic>, 14 Aug. 2000, S. Marincowitz, PREM 59482; Helderberg Nature
Reserve, leaf litter of <italic>Protea obtusifolia</italic>, 14 Aug. 2000, S.
Marincowitz, PREM 59495; Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, leaf litter of <italic>Protea
nitida</italic>, 6 Jun. 2000, S. Marincowitz, PREM 59442; Jonkershoek Nature
Reserve, leaf litter of <italic>Protea repens</italic>, 6 Jun. 2000, S. Marincowitz,
PREM 59450; Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, S33°59'11.2”
E18°57'14.7” leaves of <italic>Protea</italic> sp., 1 Apr. 2007, P.W. Crous,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20330&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20330</ext-link>,
cultures CPC 13914–13916; Jonkershoek Nature Reserve,
S33°59'26.1” E18°57'59.5” leaves of <italic>Protea</italic><italic>repens</italic>, 1 Apr. 2007, P.W. Crous,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20331&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20331</ext-link>,
cultures CPC 13911–13913; Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, leaves of
<italic>Protea</italic> sp., 1 Apr. 2007, P.W. Crous,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20332&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20332</ext-link>,
cultures CPC 13908–13910; Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, “Tweede
Waterval”, leaves of <italic>Protea</italic> sp., 1 Apr. 2007, P.W. Crous,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20333&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20333</ext-link>,
cultures CPC 13902–13907; Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, leaves of
<italic>Protea</italic> <italic>nitida</italic>, 12 Apr. 2008, L. Mostert,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20334&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20334</ext-link>,
cultures CPC 15231–15233; Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, leaves of
<italic>Protea</italic> sp., 13 Jan. 2009, P.W. Crous,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20335&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20335</ext-link>,
culture CPC 16338.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: Although Taylor & Crous
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref105">1998</xref>) reported a
<italic>Coniothyrium</italic>-like anamorph to develop in culture, none of the
cultures examined in the present study on MEA, PDA or OA could be induced to
sporulate, though spermatogonia and ascomatal initials were commonly
observed.</p><p>The fact that cultures of <italic>Leptosphaeria protearum</italic>, which
represents a well-known and serious pathogen of <italic>Proteaceae</italic>, clustered
in the <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae,</italic> was totally unexpected. A further surprise
was the fact that this species appears to represent a complex of several
cryptic taxa. Whether these taxa can be correlated with differences in host
range and geographic distribution can only be resolved once more collections
have been obtained for study. Although the genus <italic>Sphaerulina,</italic> which
represents <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>-like taxa with 3-septate, hyaline
ascospores, is part of the <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> (Crous <italic>et al</italic>.,
unpubl data), the type species, <italic>S. myriadea</italic>, clusters in the
<italic>Septoria</italic> clade, and is thus unavailable for the species occurring on
<italic>Proteaceae</italic>. Morphologically <italic>Brunneosphaerella</italic> is also
distinct in that ascospores are always brown at maturity, and anamorphs have
brown, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells, appearing
<italic>Phaeophleospora</italic>-like. The recognition of <italic>Brunneosphaerella</italic>as a distinct genus in the <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> also raises the
intriguing possibility that many phytopathogenic species of the
<italic>Leptosphaeria</italic>-complex with brown, 3-septate ascospores, but lacking
paraphyses, actually belong to <italic>Brunneosphaerella</italic>.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig4"><label>Fig. 4.</label><caption><p><italic>Brunneosphaerella protearum</italic>. A–D. Leaf spots on different
<italic>Protea</italic> spp. E. Close up of leaf spot showing ascomata. F. Substomatal
ascomata. G–H. Vertical sections though ascomata, showing wall
structure. I–K. Germinating ascospores on MEA. L–M, R. Bitunicate
asci. N–Q, S. Juvenile to mature ascospores. Scale bars: G = 75 μm, H
= 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig4"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic><bold>Passalora ageratinae</bold></italic> Crous & A.R. Wood, <bold>sp. nov.</bold>MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514697&link_type=mb">MB514697</ext-link>.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig5">Fig. 5</xref>.</p><p><italic>Etymology</italic>: Named after the host on which it occurs, <italic>Ageratina
adenophora.</italic></p><p><italic>Passalorae assamensis</italic> similis, sed coloniis amphigenis, sine
mycelio externo, conidiophoris brevioribus, 15–40 × 3–4.5
μm.</p><p><italic>Leaf spots</italic> amphigenous, angular to irregular, 2–8 mm diam,
medium brown, frequently with pale to grey-brown central part, and raised,
dark brown border; pale to medium brown in reverse, with raised, dark brown
border. <italic>Mycelium</italic> internal, consisting of smooth, branched, pale
brown, 2–3 μm wide hyphae. <italic>Caespituli</italic> fasciculate,
amphigenous, medium brown, arising from a brown, erumpent stroma, up to 80
μm wide, 40 μm high. <italic>Conidiophores</italic> subcylindrical, straight to
geniculous-sinuous, unbranched, medium brown, finely verruculose,
1–3-septate, 15–40 × 3–4.5 μm. <italic>Conidiogenous
cells</italic> terminal, pale to medium brown, finely verruculose with terminal,
sympodial conidiogenous loci that are 1–2 μm diam, slightly
thickened, darkened and refractive, 10–20 × 3–4 μm.
<italic>Conidia</italic> in unbranched chains, pale brown, smooth, finely to
prominently guttulate, subcylindrical to narrowly obclavate, apex obtuse, base
long obconically subtruncate, (0–)1–3(–5)-septate,
(20–)30–60(–80) × (3–)4(–4.5) μm; hila
1–1.5 μm wide, somewhat thickened, darkened and refractive.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig5"><label>Fig. 5.</label><caption><p><italic>Passalora ageratinae</italic>. A. Leaf spots. B. Close up of leaf spot with
fruiting structures. C–D. Conidiophores. E–J. Conidia. Scale bars
= 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig5"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic>Culture characteristics</italic>: On MEA erumpent, with uneven, folded
surface, lobate margin, and moderate aerial mycelium; centre pale mouse-grey
with patches of cinnamon, outer margin olivaceous-grey; reverse
olivaceous-grey with patches of cinnamon; reaching 15 mm diam; on PDA
spreading, with cinnamon to cream patches in centre, becoming umber towards
smooth margins, with diffuse red pigment in agar; reverse olivaceous-grey,
with patches of red, reaching 15 mm diam; on OA flat, spreading, up to 30 mm
diam, iron-grey, with white, solitary mycelia strands, though aerial mycelium
generally absent, reaching 30 mm diam.</p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: <italic>Ageratina
adenophora</italic>, Australia, South Africa.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>south Africa</bold>, KwaZulu-Natal Province,
Hilton, on leaves of <italic>Ageratina adenophora</italic>, 28 May 2008, A.R. Wood,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20336&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20336</ext-link><bold>holotype</bold>, cultures ex-type CPC 15365 =
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125419&link_type=cbs">CBS 125419</ext-link>, CPC
15366, 15367.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Ageratina adenophora</italic> (crofton weed;
<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), which is indigenous to Mexico, has invaded many
countries as a rapidly growing weed, forming dense thickets
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref77">Morris 1989</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref82">Parsons & Cuthbertson
1992</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref111">Wagner <italic>et al.</italic>1999</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref121">Zhu <italic>et al.</italic>2007</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref80">Muniappan <italic>et
al</italic>. 2009</xref>). It is considered a serious weed in agriculture and
forestry (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref14">Bess & Haramoto
1958</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref96">Sharma & Chhetri
1977</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref69">Kluge 1991</xref>),
often replacing more-desired vegetation or native species.</p><p>A leaf spot pathogen, originally misidentified as <italic>Cercospora
eupatorii</italic> (this species is currently known as <italic>Pseudocercospora
eupatorii</italic>), was found to infect plants in Australia where a stem galling
fly (<italic>Procecidochares utilis</italic>; <italic>Tephritidae</italic>) was introduced
from Hawaii as a biological control agent
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref51">Dodd 1961</xref>). Presumably the
fungus was introduced together with the flies originally from Mexico to Hawaii
and then to Australia. Subsequently this same fungus was obtained from
Australia and released in South Africa after host specificity testing
indicated it was restricted to <italic>A. adenophora</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref77">Morris 1989</xref>). The fungus
causes partial defoliation of mature plants
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref51">Dodd 1961</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">Auld 1969</xref>), though the impact
depends on environmental conditions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref51">Dodd
1961</xref>). Seedlings are however killed rapidly
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref113">Wang <italic>et al</italic>.
1997</xref>).</p><p>This fungus, which has hitherto been known simply as
“<italic>Phaeoramularia</italic>” sp., still lacks a name and proper
description. The genus <italic>Phaeoramularia</italic> is treated as a synonym of
<italic>Passalora</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref26">Crous & Braun
2003</xref>), and hence the species is named in the latter genus as
<italic>P. ageratinae</italic>. Interestingly, this species appears to be closely
related to <italic>Passalora fulva</italic>, which is a serious pathogen of tomato
(<italic>Solanaceae</italic>) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref108">Thomma <italic>et
al</italic>. 2005</xref>).</p><p><italic><bold>Passalora armatae</bold></italic> Crous & A.R. Wood, <bold>sp. nov.</bold>MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514698&link_type=mb">MB514698</ext-link>.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig6">Fig. 6</xref>.</p><p><italic>Etymology</italic>: Named after the host on which it occurs, <italic>Dalbergia
armata.</italic></p><p><italic>Passaloraea dalbergiicolae</italic> similis, sed conidiophoris in
synnematibus densis, conidiis ad basim obconice truncatis, apice rostrato.</p><p><italic>Leaf spots</italic> amphigenous, on upper surface visible as red-brown,
irregular to subcircular spots with indistinct margins, 0.5–2 mm diam;
in reverse indistinct, chlorotic to medium or red-brown. <italic>Mycelium</italic>internal, consisting of smooth, branched, pale brown, 2–3 μm wide
hyphae. <italic>Caespituli</italic> hypophyllous, fasciculate to synnematous, up to
200 μm high and 250 μm wide, situated on a prominently erumpent, pale
brown stroma, up to 100 μm high and wide. <italic>Conidiophores</italic>subcylindrical, unbranched, flexuous, guttulate, pale to medium brown, smooth,
120–180 × 4–6 μm, 2–6-septate. <italic>Conidiogenous
cells</italic> terminal, subcylindrical, guttulate, pale to medium brown, finely
verruculose, becoming somewhat swollen, appearing slightly clavate,
25–70 × 6–8 μm; conidiogenous loci 4–20 per
conidiogenous cell, sympodial, round, darkened, thickened, refractive,
prominent, 2–3 μm wide, up to 1 μm high. <italic>Conidia</italic>(27–)30–40(–45) × 9–10(–12) μm, pale to
medium brown, smooth to finely verruculose, granular to guttulate,
thin-walled, ellipsoidal to obovoid, transversely 2–4-euseptate, widest
in middle of basal cell, or middle of conidium, tapering to an obconically
truncate base; hilum thickened, darkened and refractive; apical cell conical,
elongating to an apical beak up to 20 μm long. When cultivated conidia
remain attached to conidiogenous cells, giving conidiophores the appearance of
small tufts which is very characteristic, and not commonly observed in
<italic>Passalora</italic>.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig6"><label>Fig. 6.</label><caption><p><italic>Passalora armatae</italic>. A. Fruiting <italic>in vivo</italic>. B–C.
Caespituli with prominent basal stroma. D. Sporulation on MEA. E.
Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. F–G. Conidia. Scale bars: B
= 125 μm, C–E = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig6"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic>Culture characteristics</italic>: On MEA slow growing, erumpent, with dense
white aerial mycelium, which becomes mouse-grey, reaching 5 mm diam after 1
wk; on PDA mouse-grey (surface), iron-grey (reverse), with diffuse red pigment
in agar; on OA similar to PDA, also with diffuse red pigment in agar.</p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: <italic>Dalbergia armata</italic>,
South Africa.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>south Africa</bold>, KwaZulu-Natal Province,
South Coast, Mpenjati Nature Reserve, between Ramsgate and Port Edward, on
leaves of <italic>Dalbergia armata</italic>, 28 May 2008, A.R. Wood,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20337&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20337</ext-link><bold>holotype</bold>, cultures ex-type CPC 15419 =
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125420&link_type=cbs">CBS 125420</ext-link>, CPC
15420, 15421.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Passalora dalbergiae</italic>, which occurs on
<italic>Dalbergia sissoo</italic> (<italic>Fabaceae</italic>) in India, is distinct from
<italic>P. armatae</italic> in having superficial mycelium and solitary conidiophores
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref58">Hernández-Gutiérrez &
Dianese 2009</xref>). The previously described <italic>Passalora
dalbergiicola</italic> is similar to <italic>P. armatae</italic> in conidial dimensions
(3-septate, 25–45 × 7–10 μm;
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref53">Ellis 1976</xref>), but distinct in
that conidiophores are not in dense synnemata, conidiogenous cells can have
single apical loci, and conidia have a less prominent basal taper, and lack
the apical beaks typical of <italic>P. armatae</italic> (<italic>in vivo</italic> and <italic>in
vitro</italic>).</p><p><italic><bold>Schizothyriaceae</bold></italic> Höhn. ex Trotter, Sacc., D. Sacc.
& Traverso, In: Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 24(2): 1254. 1928.</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Schizothyrium acerinum</italic> Desm., Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. 11: 360. 1849.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: Members of the <italic>Schizothyriaceae</italic> are associated
with flyspeck symptoms on apples and pear fruit. The fungi grow superficially
on the epicuticular wax, thereby reducing the marketability of the fruit, but
do not penetrate the cuticle (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref13">Belding
<italic>et al</italic>. 2000</xref>). Batzer <italic>et al.</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">2005</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">2007</xref>) reported a range of
diverse fungi to be associated with flyspeck symptoms on apples, the most
prominent being species of <italic>Schizothyrium</italic>.</p><p><italic><bold>Dissoconiaceae</bold></italic> Crous & de Hoog, <bold>fam. nov.</bold>MycoBank
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514699&link_type=mb">MB514699</ext-link>.</p><p>Ascomata pseudotheciales, immerse, globosa, uniloculares. Sine
pseudoparaphysibus. Asci fasciculati, octospori, bitunicati. Ascosporae
ellipsoideae-fusiformes, 1-septatae, hyalinae. Conidiophora separata, ex
hyphis oriunda, subcylindrica, subulata, lageniformia vel cylindrica, apicem
versus attenuata, apice obtuse rotundato vel truncate, recta vel semel
geniculata, laevia, modice brunnea, 0–pluriseptata, locis terminalibus
vel lateralibus, rhachidi cum cicatricibus leniter incrassates, fuscatis.
Conidia solitaria, pallide olivaceo-brunnea, laevia, ellipsoidea, obclavata
vel globosa, 0–1-septata, hilis aliquantum fuscatis. Conidia secundaria
nulla vel formata ad conidia primaria, pallide olivacea vel subhyalina,
aseptata, pyriformia; conidiis impigre vel passive emittentibus.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, immersed, globose, unilocular, papillate,
ostiolate, canal periphysate; wall consisting of 3–4 layers of brown
<italic>textura angularis</italic>; inner layer of flattened, hyaline cells.
<italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> absent. <italic>Asci</italic> fasciculate, 8-spored,
bitunicate. <italic>Ascospores</italic> ellipsoid-fusoid, 1-septate, hyaline, with or
without mucoid sheath. <italic>Mycelium</italic> internal and external, consisting of
branched, septate, smooth, hyaline to pale brown hyphae.
<italic>Conidiophores</italic> separate, arising from hyphae, subcylindrical, subulate
or lageniform to cylindrical, tapering to a bluntly rounded or truncate apex,
straight to once geniculate, smooth, medium brown, 0–multi-septate; loci
terminal and lateral, visible as slightly thickened, darkened scars on a
rachis. <italic>Conidia</italic> solitary, pale olivaceous-brown, smooth, ellipsoid to
obclavate or globose, 0–1-septate; hila somewhat darkened. <italic>Secondary
conidia</italic> present or absent; developing adjacent to primary conidia, pale
olivaceous to subhyaline, aseptate, pyriform; conidium discharge active or
passive.</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Dissoconium aciculare</italic> de Hoog, Oorschot
& Hijwegen, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., Ser. C, Biol. Med. Sci. 86(2): 198.
1983.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: Species of <italic>Dissoconium</italic> have
<italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>-like teleomorphs
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref32">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2004c</xref>).
The genus is characterised by forming conidia in pairs that are forcefully
discharged, which is quite unique in the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref63">de Hoog <italic>et al</italic>.
1983</xref>). Although <italic>D. aciculare</italic>, the type species of
<italic>Dissoconium</italic>, was originally assumed to be hyperparasitic on powdery
mildew (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref63">de Hoog <italic>et al</italic>.
1983</xref>), Jackson <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref66">2004</xref>) revealed that another
species, <italic>D. dekkeri</italic>, could act as a foliar pathogen of
<italic>Eucalyptus. Dissoconium dekkeri</italic> is, however, most commonly found in
leaf spots in association with other species of <italic>Teratosphaeria</italic> and
<italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>. Species of <italic>Dissoconium</italic> remain commensalists,
and frequently occur asexually on lesions associated with pathogenic species
of <italic>Capnodiales</italic> (Crous <italic>unpubl. data</italic>). They are ecologically
and morphologically quite distinct from other members of the
<italic>Capnodiales</italic>, and hence a separate family, the
<italic>Dissoconiaceae</italic>, is herewith introduced to accommodate them.
<italic>Ramichloridium</italic> forms brown, solitary conidiophores with a rachis and
apical loci similar to that observed on <italic>Dissoconium</italic>, and primary
conidia that are pale brown, 0–1-septate, with slightly thickened hila,
but lacks secondary conidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">Arzanlou
<italic>et al</italic>. 2008b</xref>). Both <italic>Dissoconium</italic> and
<italic>Ramichloridium</italic> have in the past been reported as hyperparasitic on
powdery mildews on various hosts (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref59">Hijwegen
& Buchenauer 1984</xref>), which suggests that they share a similar
ecology.</p><p><italic><bold>Teratosphaeriaceae</bold></italic> Crous & U. Braun, Stud. Mycol. 58:
8. 2007.</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Teratosphaeria fibrillosa</italic> Syd. & P.
Syd., Ann. Mycol. 10: 40. 1912.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: Since the family was established by Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">2007a</xref>) it has been shown to
be too widely defined, incorporating many diverse genera (Crous <italic>et
al</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">2009b</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref43">c</xref>), and even families such as
the <italic>Piedraiaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Fig.
1</xref>). The node as such is not well supported, suggesting that as
more taxa are added, further families remain to be separated from the
<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>. Presently it incorporates diverse elements, and
even lichens such as <italic>Cystocoleus ebeneus</italic> and <italic>Anisomeridium
consobrinum</italic>. The identity of the latter strain
(<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101364&link_type=cbs">CBS 101364</ext-link>) needs
to be confirmed, as its position in the tree appears doubtful.</p><p>The genus <italic>Catenulostroma</italic>, which is associated with numerous
diverse substrates and habitats (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">Crous
<italic>et al</italic>. 2007a</xref>), is typified by <italic>C. protearum</italic>, for
which an epitype is designated in the present study. Several strains isolated
from rock surfaces (Guiedan <italic>et al</italic>. 2008, Ruibal <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref88">2008</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref89">2009</xref>, this volume) cluster
with <italic>Catenulostroma</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Fig.
1</xref>), and appear to represent undescribed species of the latter. Of
interest is the fact that the type species of <italic>Aulographina, A.
pinorum</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=302.71&link_type=cbs">CBS
302.71</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=174.90&link_type=cbs">CBS
174.90</ext-link>), which has hysterothecia, clusters in a clade with
<italic>Catenulostroma microsporum</italic>, which has a <italic>Teratosphaeria</italic>-like
teleomorph with pseudothecia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref106">Taylor
& Crous 2000</xref>, Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref29">2004a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">2007a</xref>). Isolates of <italic>A.
pinorum</italic> were found to produce a <italic>Catenulostroma</italic> anamorph in
culture. This raises two possibilities, namely that either the incorrect
fungus was originally isolated from pine needles (namely <italic>Catenulostroma
abietis</italic>), or that this is a species complex, in which <italic>A. pinorum</italic>resides. If these strains are indeed confirmed to represent <italic>A.
pinorum</italic>, then it reveals the genus <italic>Aulographina</italic> to be
heterogeneous, as <italic>A. eucalypti</italic>, which is a major leaf spot pathogen
of <italic>Eucalyptus</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref37">Crous <italic>et
al.</italic> 1989</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref81">Park <italic>et
al.</italic> 2000</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref18">Carnegie &
Keane 2003</xref>), clusters distant from <italic>A. pinorum</italic>. The
taxonomy of these taxa is currently being addressed, and will be reported on
elsewhere (Cheewangkoon <italic>et al</italic>., in prep.). During the course of this
study some new members of the <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> were collected,
which are described below: <italic><bold>Catenulostroma protearum</bold></italic> (Crous
& M.E. Palm) Crous & U. Braun, Stud. Mycol. 58: 17. 2007.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig7">Fig. 7</xref>.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig7"><label>Fig. 7.</label><caption><p><italic>Catenulostroma protearum</italic>. A. Colony on OA. B–G. Sporulating
colony, with variable muriform to transversely septate conidia. Scale bars =
10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig7"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Trimmatostroma protearum</italic> Crous & M.E. Palm,
Mycol. Res. 103: 1303. 1999.</p><p><italic>Culture characteristics</italic>: On MEA spreading, erumpent, with folded
surface, and unevenly lobed, smooth margins; aerial mycelium sparse; surface
iron-grey to greenish black, reverse greenish black; reaching 15 mm diam after
2 wk; similar on PDA and OA.</p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: <italic>Protea,
Leucadendron</italic> and <italic>Hakea</italic> spp., South Africa.</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>: <bold>south Africa</bold>, on leaves of <italic>Protea
grandiceps</italic>, L. Schroeder, 15 Sept. 1986, <bold>holotype</bold> BPI 1107849;
<bold>south Africa</bold>, Western Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Assegaibos, on
leaves of <italic>Leucadendron tinctum</italic>, F. Roets, 16 Apr. 2008, <bold>epitype
designated here</bold> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20338&link_type=cbs">CBS
H-20338</ext-link>, culture ex-epitype, CPC 15369, 15370 =
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125421&link_type=cbs">CBS 125421</ext-link>;
<italic>ditto</italic>, on leaves of <italic>Hakea sericea</italic>,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20339&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20339</ext-link>,
single ascospore culture CPC 15368.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Catenulostroma protearum</italic> was originally described
from dead leaves of <italic>Protea grandiceps</italic> collected in South Africa
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref39">Crous & Palm 1999</xref>).
Unfortunately the cultures died before they could be deposited, and hence the
phylogenetic position of <italic>Catenulostroma</italic> remained uncertain. This
proved to be problematic, as the genus was later shown to be heterogeneous
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">Crous <italic>et al</italic>. 2007a</xref>).
The designation of the epitype in the present study clarifies the phylogenetic
position of the genus, and reveals <italic>Catenulostroma s. str.</italic> to
represent species that occur in extreme environments, on rocks, or on hard,
leathery leaves such as <italic>Proteaceae</italic> and <italic>Gymnospermae</italic>.</p><p><italic><bold>Devriesia hilliana</bold></italic> Crous & U. Braun, <bold>sp. nov.</bold>MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514700&link_type=mb">MB514700</ext-link>.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig8">Fig. 8</xref>.</p><p><italic>Etymology</italic>: Named in fond memory of Dr C.F. Hill.
“Frank” collected numerous fungi over the years, and sent them to
the various international colleagues he knew to be working on these groups.
The present species was one of a batch of novel taxa that Frank collected and
sent to us for treatment shortly before he had a relapse. Frank's friendship
and mycological expertise will be sorely missed.</p><p><italic>Devriesiae strelitziae</italic> similis, sed conidiis minoribus,
(5–)7–10(–12) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm.</p><p><italic>Colonies</italic> sporulating on MEA. <italic>Mycelium</italic> consisting of
branched, septate, pale brown, smooth, 2–3 μm wide hyphae.
<italic>Conidiophores</italic> solitary, erect on creaping hyphae, unbranched, medium
brown, smooth, flexuous, thick-walled, 15–50 × 2–3 μm,
3–11-septate. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> terminal, medium brown,
subcylindrical, smooth, 5–20 × 2–3 μm; proliferating
sympodially; hila flattened, unthickened, somewhat darkened, 1–1.5 μm
wide. <italic>Conidia</italic> medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical to narrowly
fusoid-ellipsoidal or obclavate, apical conidium with obtuse apex, additional
conidia with truncate ends, somewhat darkened, 1–1.5 μm wide; conidia
straight to irregularly bent, mostly in unbranched chains,
(5–)7–10(–12) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm.</p><p><italic>Culture characteristics</italic>: On MEA erumpent, spreading, with folded
surface, and smooth margins with sparse aerial mycelium; surface mouse-grey,
with thin, olivaceous-grey margin; reverse iron-grey, reaching 8 mm diam; on
PDA similar, up to 8 mm diam, centre mouse-grey, margin and reverse iron-grey;
on OA erumpent with moderate mouse-grey aerial mycelium, and iron-grey
margin.</p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: <italic>Macrozamia
communis</italic>, Auckland, New Zealand.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>New Zealand</bold>, Auckland, Auckland
University Campus, Princes Street, on <italic>Macrozamia communis,</italic> C.F. Hill,
20 Apr. 2008, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20340&link_type=cbs">CBS
H-20340</ext-link> <bold>holotype</bold>, culture ex-type CPC 15382 =
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123187&link_type=cbs">CBS 123187</ext-link>.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig8"><label>Fig. 8.</label><caption><p><italic>Devriesia hilliana</italic>. A. Sporulating colony on OA. B–D.
Conidiophores giving rise to catenulate conidia. E–G. Fragmenting
conidial segments from aerial hyphae. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig8"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic><bold>Devriesia lagerstroemiae</bold></italic> Crous & M.J. Wingf., <bold>sp.
nov.</bold> MycoBank
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514701&link_type=mb">MB514701</ext-link>.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9">Fig. 9</xref>.</p><p><italic>Etymology</italic>: Named after the host on which it occurs,
<italic>Lagerstroemia</italic>.</p><p><italic>Devriesiae strelitziae</italic> similis, sed conidiis latioribus,
(5–)7–10(–12) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm.</p><p><italic>Colonies</italic> sporulating on OA. <italic>Mycelium</italic> consisting of
smooth, branched, septate, 2–3 μm wide hyphae. <italic>Conidiophores</italic>rarely micronematous, predominantly macronematous, erect on creeping hyphae,
brown, cylindrical with swollen basal cell, thick-walled, smooth, flexuous,
20–90 × 3–4 μm, 5–20-septate. <italic>Conidiogenous
cells</italic> terminal, cylindrical to clavate, polyblastic, pale to medium
brown, 5–10 × 2–3(–4) μm; scars somewhat thickened
and darkened, not refractive. <italic>Ramoconidia</italic> medium brown, smooth,
subcylindrical, 9–15 × 3–5 μm,
(0–)1(–2)-septate, but with clavate apex and several flattened
loci that are somewhat darkened and thickened, 1 μm diam. <italic>Conidia</italic>in branched chains of up to 10, pale brown, smooth, narrowly ellipsoid,
0–1-septate, (5–)8–12(–15) × 2–3(–4)
μm; apical conidium with rounded apex, the rest with flattened loci that
are somewhat darkened and thickened, not refractive, 0.5–1 μm
diam.</p><p><italic>Culture characteristics</italic>: On MEA erumpent, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and irregular margin; surface olivaceous-grey, with patches of
iron-grey; reverse iron-grey, reaching 10 mm diam; on PDA similar, but on OA
iron-grey, reaching 15 mm diam.</p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: <italic>Lagerstroemia
indica,</italic> U.S.A., Louisiana.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>U.S.A.</bold>, Louisiana, Baton Rouge, Cod
& Cook Centre, N30°24'50.3” W91°10'6.6”, on
<italic>Lagerstroemia indica</italic>, P.W. Crous & M.J. Wingfield,
<bold>holotype</bold> <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20341&link_type=cbs">CBS
H-20341</ext-link>, culture ex-type CPC 14403 =
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125422&link_type=cbs">CBS 125422</ext-link>.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Devriesia lagerstroemiae</italic> clusters close to <italic>D.
hilliana</italic>. As far as we know, neither species is heat-resistant, nor forms
chlamydospores, and hence the placement in <italic>Devriesia</italic> is more due to
phylogenetic similarity than their ecology.</p><p><italic><bold>Devriesia strelitziicola</bold></italic> Arzanlou & Crous, <bold>sp.
nov.</bold> MycoBank
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514702&link_type=mb">MB514702</ext-link>.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig10">Fig. 10</xref>.</p><p><italic>Etymology</italic>: Named after its host plant, <italic>Strelitzia</italic>.</p><p><italic>Devriesiae strelitziae</italic> similis, sed conidiis majoribus,
(7–)25–45(–100) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm.</p><p><italic>Colonies</italic> sporulating on OA. <italic>Mycelium</italic> consisting of medium
brown, smooth, septate, branched, 2–3 μm wide hyphae; chlamydospores
not observed. <italic>Conidiophores</italic> dimorphic. <italic>Microconidiophores</italic>reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae, erect, cylindrical, medium brown,
smooth with truncate ends, proliferating sympodially, 4–7 ×
2–3 μm. <italic>Macroconidiophores</italic> erect, cylindrical, straight to
geniculate-sinuous, medium brown, smooth, unbranched or branched above,
30–100 × 2.5–3 μm, 3–10-septate. <italic>Conidiogenous
cells</italic> terminal or lateral on branched conidiophores, medium brown,
smooth, cylindrical, proliferating sympodially, 7–15 × 2.5–3
μm; loci truncate, inconspicuous, 1–1.5 μm wide. <italic>Conidia</italic>medium brown, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical to narrowly obclavate, apex
obtuse to truncate, base truncate, occurring in branched chains, widest at the
basal septum, (7–)25–45(–100) ×
(2–)2.5(–3) μm, (0–)3–6(–13)-septate; hila
inconspicuous to somewhat darkened and thickened, not refractive, 1–1.5
μm wide.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig9"><label>Fig. 9.</label><caption><p><italic>Devriesia lagerstroemiae</italic>. A. Leaves and flowers of
<italic>Lagerstroemia indica.</italic> B. Leaf spots. C. Colony on OA. D–H.
Conidiophores giving rise to branched conidial chains. Scale bars = 10
μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig9"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic>Culture characteristics</italic>: On MEA erumpent, slow growing, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth margins; surface mouse-grey, reverse
iron-grey, reaching 8 mm diam after 2 wk; similar on PDA and OA.</p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: <italic>Strelitzia</italic> sp.,
South Africa.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>south Africa</bold>, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,
Botanical Garden near Reunion, on leaves of <italic>Strelitzia</italic> sp., 5 Feb.
2005, W. Gams & H. Glen,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20342&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20342</ext-link>,
holotype, culture ex-type X1045 =
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122480&link_type=cbs">CBS 122480</ext-link>.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Devriesia strelitziicola</italic> is the second
<italic>Devriesia</italic> species to be described from this host
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">Arzanlou <italic>et al</italic>.
2008a</xref>). The genus <italic>Devriesia</italic> was originally established to
accommodate a group of heat-resistant, <italic>Cladosporium</italic>-like fungi
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref95">Seifert <italic>et al</italic>.
2004</xref>), and it appears that a different generic name will have to
be introduced to accommodate those taxa occurring on plants. Further
collections are required, however, to clarify the generic boundaries of
<italic>Devriesia</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref28">Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
2007b</xref>).</p><p><italic><bold>Hortaea thailandica</bold></italic> Crous & K.D. Hyde, <bold>sp. nov.</bold>MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514703&link_type=mb">MB514703</ext-link>.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig11">Fig. 11</xref>.</p><p><italic>Etymology</italic>: Named after the country where it was collected,
Thailand.</p><p><italic>Hortaeae werneckii</italic> similis, sed conidiis brunneis, verruculosis,
majoribus, (9–)10–13(–15) ×
(4–)5–6(–7) μm.</p><p><italic>Colonies</italic> sporulating on MEA. <italic>Mycelium</italic> consisting of pale
brown, smooth, septate, branched, 3–4 μm wide hyphae that become
darker and thick-walled in the conidiogenous region. <italic>Conidiogenous
cells</italic> integrated, intercalary on hyphae, reduced to short cylindrical
loci, 2–2.5 μm wide, 1–4 μm tall; collarettes inconspicuous
to minute; proliferating 1–2 times percurrently at apex.
<italic>Conidia</italic> ellipsoid, aseptate, pale to medium brown,
(4–)5–7(–9) × (2.5–)3 μm, verruculose, apex
obtuse, base subtruncate with minute collarette; becoming swollen and elongate
at maturity, with 1–4 transverse and 1–2 oblique septa;
(9–)10–13(–15) × (4–) 5–6(–9) μm;
hila inconspicuous, up to 2 μm wide, frequently with visible marginal
frill; microcyclic conidiation commonly observed on OA, MEA and PDA.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig10"><label>Fig. 10.</label><caption><p><italic>Devriesia strelitziicola</italic>. A. <italic>Strelitzia</italic> sp. with dead
leaves. B. Colony on OA. C–G. Conidiophores giving rise to conidia.
H–M. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig10"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic>Culture characteristics</italic>: On MEA erumpent, spreading; surface
irregular, folded, greenish black, with sparse olivaceous-grey aerial mycelium
and smooth, lobed, margins; reverse greenish black; reaching 12 mm diam after
2 wk; similar on OA and PDA.</p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: <italic>Syzygium
siamense</italic>, Thailand.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>Thailand</bold>, Khao Yai National Park,
N14°14'42.6” E101°22'15.7”, on leaves of <italic>Syzygium
siamense</italic>, in lesions with a cercosporoid fungus, 27 Mar. 2009, P.W. Crous
& K.D. Hyde, <bold>holotype</bold> in BBH, <bold>isotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20343&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20343</ext-link>,
culture ex-type CPC 16652, 16651 =
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125423&link_type=cbs">CBS 125423</ext-link>, also in
BCC.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: Similar to <italic>Hortaea werneckii</italic>, which is also
frequently isolated from lesions in association with plant pathogenic fungi,
<italic>H. thailandica</italic> occurred in leaf spots in association with a
cercosporoid fungus. It is distinct from <italic>H. werneckii</italic> by forming
larger conidia that turn medium brown and verruculose with age. Several other
taxa are newly placed in the <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> in the present study
that require further evaluation. <italic>Xenomeris juniperi</italic>, a bitunicate
ascomycete on <italic>Jupinerus</italic> with pseudothecia associated with a stroma,
and pigmented, 1-septate ascospores, clusters close to <italic>Teratosphaeria</italic>species occurring on <italic>Protea</italic> and <italic>Eucalyptus</italic>, where the
ascomata are also associated with stromatic tissue
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref106">Taylor & Crous 2000</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref47">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2006c</xref>).
Fresh collections of this fungus would be required, however, to resolve its
status. The occurrence of <italic>Sporidesmium</italic> species in the
<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> should be interpreted with care, as the genus is
polyphyletic, and further studies are required to resolve its status
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref97">Shenoy <italic>et al</italic>. 2006</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref35">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2008a</xref>,
Yang <italic>et al</italic>., in prep.).</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig11"><label>Fig. 11.</label><caption><p><italic>Hortaea thailandica</italic>. A. Cercosporoid leaf spots on <italic>Syzygium
siamense</italic>, in which <italic>H. thailandica</italic> occurred. B. Colonies on OA.
C–E. Hyphae with conidiogenous loci (arrows). F–H. Conidia. Scale
bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig11"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic><bold>Davidiellaceae</bold></italic> C.L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous &
Shoemaker, Mycologia 98: 1048. 2006.</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Davidiella tassiana</italic> (De Not.) Crous &
U. Braun, Mycol. Progr. 3: 8. 2003.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: The <italic>Davidiellaceae</italic> was introduced for the genus
<italic>Davidiella</italic>, which has <italic>Cladosporium</italic> anamorphs. As shown in
the present analysis, however, allied genera such as <italic>Toxicocladosporium,
Verrucocladosporium, Rachicladosporium</italic> and <italic>Graphiopsis</italic> also
belong in this family. Of interest is the position of <italic>Melanodothis
caricis</italic> in <italic>Cladosporium s. str</italic>. This fungus, which infects
florets of <italic>Carex</italic> and <italic>Kobresia</italic>, forms a stroma that gives
rise to several immersed ascomata with bitunicate, oblong asci that are
aparaphysate, and 0–(2)-septate, hyaline, 9–14.5 × 2–4
μm ascospores. In culture, a hyaline, <italic>Ramularia</italic>-like anamorph
developed, with sympodial proliferation, catenulate conidia, with thickened,
darkened loci (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">Arnold 1971</xref>).
Although these characteristics are atypical of the
<italic>Davidiella</italic>/<italic>Cladosporium</italic> species in this clade, the position
of <italic>Melanodothis caricis</italic> in this family cannot simply be disregarded.
However, the ex-type culture of this fungus
(<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=860.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 860.72</ext-link>) proved
to be sterile.</p><p>A further unconfirmed sequence
(<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.29&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.29</ext-link>,
culture sterile, but fast growing, grey-brown, <italic>Cladosporium</italic>-like), is
that submitted as <italic>Sphaerulina polyspora</italic>. The culture was accessioned
in 1929, deposited by A.E. Jenkins, and there is reason to believe that it was
derived from BPI 623724!, which is authentic for the species, and collected by
F.A. Wolf in May 1924. Wolf
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref115">1925</xref>) described this fungus
from twigs of <italic>Oxydendron arboretum</italic> with die-back disease symptoms,
collected in Raleigh, North Carolina. <italic>Sphaerulina polyspora</italic> (623723 =
Type!) has pseudothecia with aparaphysate, bitunicate asci, and ascospores
that are hyaline, 3–5-septate, 20–24 × 6–7 μm. On
the host it was linked to a <italic>Phoma</italic>-like anamorph, which also grew
similar in culture (yeast-like budding), and has hyaline conidia which are
ellipsoidal, 7–8 × 3.8–4 μm.</p><p>Colonies were reported as slow-growing, grey, appressed, with germinating
ascospores forming yeast-like budding cells, and rarely having hyphae that
extended from the margin of the colonies. The link between
<italic>Sphaerulina</italic>-like species, with <italic>Selenophoma</italic> and
<italic>Aureobasidium</italic> synanamorphs was recently illustrated by Cheewangkoon
<italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref20">2009</xref>).
Although members of the <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>, these taxa do not cluster in
the <italic>Davidiellaceae</italic>, and hence it seems a fair assumption that
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.29&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.29</ext-link> is not
representative of <italic>Sphaerulina polyspora</italic>.</p><p><italic><bold>Rachicladosporium cboliae</bold></italic> Crous, <bold>sp. nov.</bold> MycoBank
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB514704&link_type=mb">MB514704</ext-link>.
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig12">Fig. 12</xref>.</p><p><italic>Etymology</italic>: Named after the Consortium for the Barcode of Life,
CBOL, who organised a Fungal Barcoding Symposium, during which this fungus was
collected.</p><p><italic>Rachicladosporio americano</italic> similis, sed conidiophoris dense
fasciculatis et conidiis minoribus.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig12"><label>Fig. 12.</label><caption><p><italic>Rachicladosporium cboliae</italic>. A. Front Royal collection site in
Virginia. B–E, G. Conidiophores with branched conidial chains. F. Hyphal
coil. H–I. Chlamydospores in chains. J. Conidia. Scale bars = 10
μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig12"></graphic></fig></p><p><italic>Colonies</italic> sporulating on OA. <italic>Mycelium</italic> consisting of
branched, septate hyphae, pale brown, smooth, 1.5–3 μm wide,
frequently constricted at septa, forming hyphal coils, but characteristically
also forming intercalary and terminal clusters of chlamydospores that are
brown, thick-walled, up to 6 μm diam. <italic>Conidiophores</italic> forming
laterally on creeping hyphae, erect, visible as densely branched tufts on agar
surface; conidiophores medium brown, smooth, thick-walled with bulbous base,
lacking rhizoids, cylindrical, unbranched, flexuous, up to 250 μm long,
4–6 μm wide, 10–20-septate. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic>terminal, medium brown, smooth, polyblastic, subcylindrical, 10–20
× 3–4 μm; loci terminal, thickened, darkend, refractive, 1
μm diam. <italic>Ramoconidia</italic> 0(–1)-septate, subcylindrical, medium
brown, smooth, 7–12 × 3–4 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic>0(–1)-septate, in branched chains of up to 10, ellipsoid, pale brown,
smooth, (6–)7–8(–10) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm;
hila thickened, darkened and refractive, up to 1 μm diam.</p><p><italic>Culture characteristics</italic>: On MEA spreading with sparse aerial
mycelium and smooth margins; surface folded, centre pale mouse-grey to
mouse-grey, margin iron-grey; reverse greenish black, reaching 15–20 mm
diam after 2 wk; on PDA spreading with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth
margins; surface olivaceous-grey, margin mouse-grey, reverse olivaceous-grey;
reaching 30 mm diam; on OA spreading, folded with moderate aerial mycelium;
surface pale mouse-grey (centre) to olivaceous-grey at margin, reaching 20 mm
diam.</p><p><italic>Host range and geographic distribution</italic>: Twig litter, Virginia,
U.S.A.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>: <bold>U.S.A.</bold>, Virginia, Front Royal,
N38°53'35” W78°10'50”, on twig debris, 14 May 2007,
<italic>P.W. Crous</italic>, <bold>holotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=H-20344&link_type=cbs">CBS H-20344</ext-link>,
cultures ex-type CPC 14034 =
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125424&link_type=cbs">CBS 125424</ext-link>, CPC
14035, 14036.</p><p><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Rachicladosporium cboliae</italic> is a cryptic species
close to <italic>R. americanum</italic>, which was collected at the same site. They
can be distinguished on the litter in that <italic>R. cboliae</italic> has
conidiophores with densely branched tufts of conidia, in contrast to the more
sparsely branched conidiophores of <italic>R. americanum</italic>. Furthermore, <italic>R.
cboliae</italic> also forms prominent chains of chlamydospores in culture, which
lacks in <italic>R. americanum</italic>. Finally, <italic>R. cboliae</italic> has smaller
ramoconidia and conidia than those found in <italic>R. americanum</italic>(ramoconidia 13–23 × 3–4 μm; conidia 10–18 ×
3–4 μm; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref20">Cheewangkoon <italic>et
al</italic>. 2009</xref>).</p></sec></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>The class <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> incorporates fungal taxa exhibiting a
wide range of nutritional modes, and results in these fungi being found in
many diverse niches (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig13">Fig. 13</xref>).
The two largest orders <italic>Pleosporales</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref120">Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>;
this volume) and <italic>Capnodiales</italic> encapsulate this diversity. Here we
continue to expand sampling within the <italic>Capnodiales</italic> in order to
provide a well founded phylogenetic scaffold for taxonomic classification,
informative genomic sampling, ecological studies and evolutionary
evaluations.</p><sec><title>Capnodiales</title><p>The <italic>Capnodiales</italic> currently contain nine families
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref73">Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2007</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref68">Kirk <italic>et al</italic>. 2008</xref>), a
selection of which are included in this study, namely <italic>Capnodiaceae,
Davidiellaceae, Mycosphaerellaceae, Piedraiaceae</italic>, and
<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>. Unfortunately, no cultures were available of the
<italic>Antennulariellaceae</italic> and <italic>Metacapnodiaceae</italic>, while
<italic>Coccodiniaceae</italic> was again shown to cluster outside the order, in
<italic>Chaetothyriales</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">Crous <italic>et
al</italic>. 2007a</xref>). Families supported within <italic>Capnodiales</italic>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Fig. 1</xref>) include
<italic>Capnodiaceae, Davidiellaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae, Dissoconiaceae,
Schizothyriaceae</italic> and <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic>. No support was obtained
for <italic>Piedraiaceae</italic>, which appeared to cluster within
<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>.</p><p>One of the main aims of the present study was to resolve the status of the
<italic>Capnodiales</italic> and <italic>Mycosphaerellales</italic>. Although we were able to
distinguish a clear, well resolved node for the <italic>Mycosphaerellales</italic>(incl. <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic>), this node was not well supported, and
elevating it to ordinal level would mean that additional orders need to be
introduced to accommodate several families outside the <italic>Capnodiales s.
str</italic>. This finding led us to conclude that it is best to retain all
families within a single, diverse order, namely the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>.</p><sec><title>Evolution of nutritional modes and ecological growth habits</title><p>The ancestral state of the present assemblage of taxa is likely to be
saprobic, as <italic>Phaeotheca</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref98">Sigler
<italic>et al</italic>. 1981</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref60">de Hoog
<italic>et al</italic>. 1997</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref109">Tsuneda
<italic>et al.</italic> 2004</xref>), and <italic>Comminutispora</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref85">Ramaley 1996</xref>) represent the
earliest diverging lineages. This was similarly found for a majority of
lineages in the larger context of <italic>Ascomycota</italic> (Schoch <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref91">2009a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref92">b</xref>). These taxa were not only
all isolated from dead materials or substrates, but they also share the same
unique mode of conidiogenesis, namely endoconidia, and a
“black-yeast” appearance in culture. <italic>Phaeotheca,</italic> which is
strongly halophilic (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref118">Zalar <italic>et
al</italic>. 1999</xref>) is closely related to the lichen <italic>Racodium
rupestre</italic>, which forms an association with <italic>Trentepohlia</italic> algae, in
which the filamentous algae is enclosed by melanised hyphae of the fungus.
This feature is also shared by another lichen, namely <italic>Cystocoleus
ebeneus</italic> (<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>)
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref79">Muggia <italic>et al</italic>. 2008</xref>).
The <italic>Capnodiaceae</italic> (sooty molds) that also cluster in a basal position
in the tree are epiphytes, growing on insect exudates (honey dew). The
<italic>Capnodiaceae</italic> are related to the <italic>Davidiellaceae</italic>, which
represent <italic>Cladosporium</italic> and allied genera. This family contains a wide
range of ecological adaptations, from primary plant pathogens, such as
<italic>Graphiopsis chlorocephala</italic> on <italic>Paeonia</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref93">Schubert <italic>et al</italic>.
2007a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref17">Braun <italic>et al</italic>.
2008</xref>), “<italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>” <italic>iridis</italic> on
<italic>Iris</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref50">David 1997</xref>), to
taxa opportunistic on humans, <italic>Cladosporium bruhnei</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref94">Schubert <italic>et al</italic>.
2007b</xref>), to halotolerant taxa, <italic>Cladosporium sphaerospermum</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref119">Zalar <italic>et al</italic>. 2007</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref52">Dugan <italic>et al</italic>. 2008</xref>),
to saprobes, <italic>C. herbarum, C. cladosporioides</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref94">Schubert <italic>et al</italic>.
2007b</xref>).</p><p>The <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> contains several disjunct elements, many of
which may still eventually be removed from the family as more taxa and
additional sequence data are added, providing a better resolution to some of
these clades. In its widest sense, the family contains lichens
(<italic>Anisomeridium, Cystocoleus</italic>), saprobes (<italic>Catenulostroma</italic>spp.), and halophilic, hyperhydrotic or lipophilic species that have been
reported from humans (<italic>Piedraia, Hortaea, Penidiella, Stenella</italic>)
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref62">de Hoog <italic>et al</italic>. 2000</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref15">Bonifaz <italic>et al</italic>. 2008</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref84">Plemenitaš <italic>et al</italic>.
2008</xref>), with the most derived clades tending to contain plant
pathogens (<italic>Readeriella, Teratosphaeria</italic>).</p><p><italic>Dissoconiaceae</italic> is an early diverging lineage to the
<italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> and <italic>Schizothyriaceae</italic>. Whereas most
members of <italic>Dissoconiaceae</italic> appear to be commensalists, there is
evidence that some species could be plant pathogenic
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref66">Jackson <italic>et al</italic>.
2004</xref>), while the <italic>Schizothyriaceae</italic> contains epiphytes
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">Batzer <italic>et al</italic>. 2007</xref>).
The <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> contains species that are biotrophic
(<italic>Polythrincium</italic>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref99">Simon <italic>et
al.</italic> 2009</xref>), necrotrophic plant pathogens
(<italic>Brunneosphaerella, Cercospora, Dothistroma, Pseudocercospora,
Pseudocercosporella, Ramularia,</italic> and <italic>Septoria</italic>), as well as some
species that are saprobic (<italic>Passalora, Pseudocercospora,
Ramichloridium</italic> and <italic>Zasmidium</italic>;
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">Arzanlou <italic>et al</italic>. 2007</xref>),
or endophytic (<italic>Pseudocercosporella endophytica</italic>;
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref23">Crous 1998</xref>).</p><p>Within the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>, the positioning of saprobes such as
<italic>Phaeotheca</italic> and <italic>Comminutispora</italic> and the sooty moulds
(<italic>Capnodiaceae</italic>) may represent the more primitive state, from where
transitions occurred to more lichenised, saprobic, biotrophic and
nectrotrophic, plant pathogenic members of the order
(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig13">Fig. 13</xref>). This appears to
mirror the other large and diverse order in the class, the
<italic>Pleosporales</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref120">Zhang <italic>et
al</italic>. 2009</xref>; this volume). Lichenisation, as well as the ability
to be saprobic or plant pathogenic evolved more than once, though the taxa in
the later diverging clades of the tree tend to be strictly nectrotrophic plant
pathogens. This should be interpreted with care, however, as
<italic>Polythrincium</italic> is presently the only biotrophic member included in
this analysis, and other biotrophic members of the <italic>Capnodiales</italic> may
end up clustering here, among the presently dominant nectrotropic plant
pathogens. One important and recent addition to <italic>Capnodiales</italic> diversity
is the rock-inhabiting fungi (Ruibal <italic>et al</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref88">2008</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref89">2009</xref>; this volume). Although
so far mainly isolated from sources in Antarctica and the Mediterranean area,
it is clear that they are a ubiquitous group of fungi likely found throughout
the globe. Their genetic diversity is underscored by the fact that rock
inhabiting fungi of convergent morphology are also placed in other ascomycotan
classes and orders (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref56">Gueidan <italic>et
al</italic>. 2008</xref>). The fact that many of these species have reduced
morphologies and are slow growers make their taxonomy challenging, but their
phylogenetic placement within <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> and several other
lineages within <italic>Capnodiales</italic> makes their inclusion in subsequent
phylogenetic assessments of this order essential.</p><p>For this study, we designed novel primers to supplement primers presently
available in literature. Although primers are usually designed for the genus
or family of interest, they frequently tend to have a wider application.
Therefore, we attempted to design our primers using a wide range of sequences
from the GenBank sequence database, in the hope that these primers will
eventually find application outside of the <italic>Capnodiales</italic> as well.
Although this remains to be tested, we expect it to be the case. Our
sequencing of the complete SSU and LSU for the selected members of the
<italic>Capnodiales</italic> had a surprisingly large number of insertions present for
numerous strains. Although some of these insertions were anticipated based on
data already present in GenBank's database, the insertions in the LSU were not
expected based on the sequences used for primer design. However, this could be
a result of the fewer complete LSU sequences available in the database rather
than a deviation on the part of members of the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>. More
complete LSU sequences are needed from diverse orders to test whether this is
the case or not. Some of the taxa sequenced during this study had insertions
present at almost all of the possible insertion positions, <italic>e.g.
Mycosphaerella latebrosa, Septoria quercicola</italic> and <italic>Teratosphaeria
mexicana</italic>. These taxa are distributed throughout the tree, and do not only
cluster in a basal position, and therefore it is difficult to predict why so
many insertions were present. If these insertions were all present in a basal
position, it would have been possible to argue that the higher number of
insertions represents the ancestral condition, and that these insertions are
lost during evolution. However, this proved not to be the case, and it could
be that these taxa accumulated these insertions.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig13"><label>Fig. 13.</label><caption><p>Members of <italic>Capnodiales</italic> exhibiting different ecological growth
habits. A–C. <italic>Mycosphaerella marksii</italic> (plant pathogen). A. Leaf
spot on <italic>Eucalyptus</italic>. B. Homothallic colony on MEA. C. Asci. D.
Conidiophore of <italic>Cladosporium sphaerospermum</italic> (saprobe). E–G.
Ascomata and asci of <italic>Davidiella macrocarpa</italic> (saprobe). H–J.
<italic>Dissoconium dekkeri</italic> (plant pathogen, commensalist). H. Colony
sporulating on MEA, with discharged conidia at the margin. I. Asci. J. Primary
and secondary conidia attached to conidiophore. K–L. <italic>Dissoconium
proteae</italic> (commensalist). K. Sporulation on MEA with microsclerotia. L. Two
conidial types attached to conidiophore (arrow). M–Q. <italic>Conidioxyphium
gardeniorum</italic> (sooty mold). M. Sporulation on MEA. N–P. Elongated,
branched conidiomata with apical ostiolar hyphae. Q. Conidia. R–T. Leaf
spot, ascus and verruculose ascospores of <italic>Teratosphaeria fibrillosa</italic>(plant pathogen). U–X. <italic>Schizothyrium pomi</italic> (epiphyte). U.
Thyrothecia occurring on a <italic>Rhus</italic> stem. V. Ascomatal initials forming
on OA. W. Asci. X. Conidiophore and conidia <italic>in vitro</italic>. Scale bars: E =
200 μm, M–O = 50 μm, all others = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="17fig13"></graphic></fig></p><p>Although the present study adds significantly to our knowledge of the
<italic>Capnodiales</italic>, the <italic>Capnodiaceae</italic> are still underrepresented,
and probably consist of numerous diverse lineages that can be elevated to
family level once our phylogenies become more resolved. Regardless of this
fact, the <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic> clade appears to be quite robust. It
seems likely that further sampling of the diverse <italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>will necessitate further taxonomic changes. The fact that the saprobic and
plant pathogenic and endophytic modes have evolved several times in different
families, suggest that many taxa can still easily adapt to changing
environments. A focus on adding more lichenicolous taxa, and taxa occurring on
non-plant substrates is crucial to provide further insight into the ecological
adaptations occurring in the <italic>Capnodiales</italic>.</p></sec></sec></sec></body><back><ack><p>Several colleagues have helped to collect material studied here, without
which this work would not have been possible. Drs E.H.C. Mckenzie and S.R.
Pennycook (Landcare New Zealand) are specifically thanked for recollecting
<italic>Phaeophleospora atkinsonii</italic>. We are grateful to BIOTEC and Dr Lily
Eurwilaichitr (Director, Bioresources unit, BIOTEC) for assisting with a
collection trip in Thailand under the collaborative BIOTEC-CBS memorandum of
understanding. We thank Miss Marjan Vermaas for preparing the photographic
plates, and M. Starink-Willemse, and A. van Iperen, for assistance with DNA
sequencing and fungal cultures. Work performed for this paper by the second
author after 2008 was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of
the NIH, National Library of Medicine. Before 2008 work was funded by a grant
from NSF (DEB-0717476). We are grateful to Drs Roland Kirschner, Alan J.
Phillips and Treena I. Burgess for their critical comments on this script. The
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