A new approach to species delimitation in Septoria
Identifieur interne : 001303 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001302; suivant : 001304A new approach to species delimitation in Septoria
Auteurs : G. J. M. Verkley ; W. Quaedvlieg ; H.-D. Shin ; P. W. CrousSource :
- Studies in Mycology [ 0166-0616 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.3114/sim0018
PubMed: 24014901
PubMed Central: 3713889
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PMC:3713889Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A new approach to species delimitation in <italic>Septoria</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Verkley, G J M" sort="Verkley, G J M" uniqKey="Verkley G" first="G. J. M." last="Verkley">G. J. M. Verkley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Upssalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quaedvlieg, W" sort="Quaedvlieg, W" uniqKey="Quaedvlieg W" first="W." last="Quaedvlieg">W. Quaedvlieg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Upssalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Microbiology, Department Of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Ch Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, H D" sort="Shin, H D" uniqKey="Shin H" first="H.-D." last="Shin">H.-D. Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Upssalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Microbiology, Department Of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Ch Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24014901</idno><idno type="pmc">3713889</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3713889</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3713889</idno><idno type="doi">10.3114/sim0018</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001303</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A new approach to species delimitation in <italic>Septoria</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Verkley, G J M" sort="Verkley, G J M" uniqKey="Verkley G" first="G. J. M." last="Verkley">G. J. M. Verkley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Upssalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quaedvlieg, W" sort="Quaedvlieg, W" uniqKey="Quaedvlieg W" first="W." last="Quaedvlieg">W. Quaedvlieg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Upssalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Microbiology, Department Of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Ch Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, H D" sort="Shin, H D" uniqKey="Shin H" first="H.-D." last="Shin">H.-D. Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Upssalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> Microbiology, Department Of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Ch Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Studies in Mycology</title><idno type="ISSN">0166-0616</idno><idno type="eISSN">1872-9797</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P6"><italic>Septoria</italic> is a large genus of asexual morphs of <italic>Ascomycota</italic> causing leaf spot diseases of many cultivated and wild plants. Host specificity has long been a decisive criterium in species delimitation in <italic>Septoria</italic>, mainly because of the paucity of useful morphological characters and the high level of variation therein. This study aimed at improving the species delimitation of <italic>Septoria</italic> by adopting a polyphasic approach, including multilocus DNA sequencing and morphological analyses on the natural substrate and in culture. To this end 365 cultures preserved in CBS, Utrecht, The Netherlands, among which many new isolates obtained from fresh field specimens were sequenced. Herbarium material including many types was also studied. Full descriptions of the morphology <italic>in planta</italic> and <italic>in vitro</italic> are provided for 57 species. DNA sequences were generated for seven loci, viz. nuclear ITS and (partial) LSU ribosomal RNA genes, RPB2, actin, calmodulin, Btub, and EF. The robust phylogeny inferred showed that the septoria-like fungi are distributed over three main clades, establishing the genera <italic>Septoria s. str., Sphaerulina</italic>, and <italic>Caryophylloseptoria</italic> gen. nov. Nine new combinations and one species, <italic>Sphaerulina tirolensis</italic> sp. nov. were proposed. It is demonstrated that some species have wider host ranges than expected, including hosts from more than one family. <italic>Septoria protearum,</italic> previously only associated with <italic>Proteaceae</italic> was found to be also associated with host plants from six additional families of phanerogams and cryptogams. To our knowledge this is the first study to provide DNA-based evidence that multiple family-associations occur for a single species in <italic>Septoria.</italic> The distribution of host families over the phylogenetic tree showed a highly dispersed pattern for 10 host plant families, providing new insight into the evolution of these fungi. It is concluded that trans-family host jumping is a major force driving the evolution of <italic>Septoria</italic> and <italic>Sphaerulina</italic>.</p><sec id="S1"><title>Taxonomic novelties:</title><p id="P7"><bold>New genus</bold> - <italic>Caryophylloseptoria</italic> Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous; <bold>New species</bold> - <italic>Sphaerulina tirolensis</italic> Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous; <bold>New combinations</bold> - <italic>Caryophylloseptoria lychnidis</italic> (Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Caryophylloseptoria silenes</italic> (Westend.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Caryophylloseptoria spergulae</italic> (Westend.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina aceris</italic> (Lib.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina cornicola</italic> (DC.: Fr.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina gei</italic> (Roberge ex Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina hyperici</italic> (Roberge ex Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina frondicola</italic> (Fr.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina socia</italic> (Pass.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous; <bold>Epitypifications (basionyms)</bold> - <italic>Ascochyta lysimachiae</italic> Lib., <italic>Septoria astragali</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria cerastii</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria clematidis</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria cruciatae</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria spergulae</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria epilobii</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria galeopsidis</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria gei</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria hyperici</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria rubi</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria senecionis</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria urticae</italic> Roberge ex Desm.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andrianova, Tv" uniqKey="Andrianova T">TV Andrianova</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aptroot, A" uniqKey="Aptroot A">A 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Stud Mycol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Stud. Mycol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">simycol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Studies in Mycology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0166-0616</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1872-9797</issn><publisher><publisher-name>CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24014901</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3713889</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3114/sim0018</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A new approach to species delimitation in <italic>Septoria</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verkley</surname><given-names>G.J.M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Quaedvlieg</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>H.-D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><aff id="A1"><label>1</label> CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Upssalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label> Microbiology, Department Of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Ch Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label> Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label> Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label><italic>Correspondence</italic>: G.J.M. Verkley, <email>g.verkleij@cbs.knaw.nl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>30</day><month>6</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>6</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Phytopathogenic Dothideomycetes</issue-title><fpage>213</fpage><lpage>305</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2013 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><license license-type="creative-commons"><license-p>You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions:</license-p><license-p><bold>Attribution:</bold> You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).</license-p><license-p><bold>Non-commercial:</bold> You may not use this work for commercial purposes.</license-p><license-p><bold>No derivative works:</bold> You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.</license-p><license-p>For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at <uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode</uri>. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="213.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p id="P6"><italic>Septoria</italic> is a large genus of asexual morphs of <italic>Ascomycota</italic> causing leaf spot diseases of many cultivated and wild plants. Host specificity has long been a decisive criterium in species delimitation in <italic>Septoria</italic>, mainly because of the paucity of useful morphological characters and the high level of variation therein. This study aimed at improving the species delimitation of <italic>Septoria</italic> by adopting a polyphasic approach, including multilocus DNA sequencing and morphological analyses on the natural substrate and in culture. To this end 365 cultures preserved in CBS, Utrecht, The Netherlands, among which many new isolates obtained from fresh field specimens were sequenced. Herbarium material including many types was also studied. Full descriptions of the morphology <italic>in planta</italic> and <italic>in vitro</italic> are provided for 57 species. DNA sequences were generated for seven loci, viz. nuclear ITS and (partial) LSU ribosomal RNA genes, RPB2, actin, calmodulin, Btub, and EF. The robust phylogeny inferred showed that the septoria-like fungi are distributed over three main clades, establishing the genera <italic>Septoria s. str., Sphaerulina</italic>, and <italic>Caryophylloseptoria</italic> gen. nov. Nine new combinations and one species, <italic>Sphaerulina tirolensis</italic> sp. nov. were proposed. It is demonstrated that some species have wider host ranges than expected, including hosts from more than one family. <italic>Septoria protearum,</italic> previously only associated with <italic>Proteaceae</italic> was found to be also associated with host plants from six additional families of phanerogams and cryptogams. To our knowledge this is the first study to provide DNA-based evidence that multiple family-associations occur for a single species in <italic>Septoria.</italic> The distribution of host families over the phylogenetic tree showed a highly dispersed pattern for 10 host plant families, providing new insight into the evolution of these fungi. It is concluded that trans-family host jumping is a major force driving the evolution of <italic>Septoria</italic> and <italic>Sphaerulina</italic>.</p><sec id="S1"><title>Taxonomic novelties:</title><p id="P7"><bold>New genus</bold> - <italic>Caryophylloseptoria</italic> Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous; <bold>New species</bold> - <italic>Sphaerulina tirolensis</italic> Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous; <bold>New combinations</bold> - <italic>Caryophylloseptoria lychnidis</italic> (Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Caryophylloseptoria silenes</italic> (Westend.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Caryophylloseptoria spergulae</italic> (Westend.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina aceris</italic> (Lib.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina cornicola</italic> (DC.: Fr.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina gei</italic> (Roberge ex Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina hyperici</italic> (Roberge ex Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina frondicola</italic> (Fr.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <italic>Sphaerulina socia</italic> (Pass.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous; <bold>Epitypifications (basionyms)</bold> - <italic>Ascochyta lysimachiae</italic> Lib., <italic>Septoria astragali</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria cerastii</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria clematidis</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria cruciatae</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria spergulae</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria epilobii</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria galeopsidis</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria gei</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria hyperici</italic> Roberge ex Desm., <italic>Septoria rubi</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria senecionis</italic> Westend., <italic>Septoria urticae</italic> Roberge ex Desm.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Key words:</title><kwd>Evolution</kwd><kwd>host jumping</kwd><kwd>host specificity</kwd><kwd>Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST)</kwd><kwd><italic>Mycosphaerella</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic></kwd><kwd>new genus</kwd><kwd>new species</kwd><kwd><italic>Pleosporales</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Phloeospora</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Septoria</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Sphaerulina</italic></kwd><kwd>taxonomy</kwd><kwd>systematics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="S2"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p id="P8">Fungi classified in the genus <italic>Septoria</italic> Sacc. are asexual morphs of <italic>Ascomycota</italic> causing leaf spot diseases on many cultivated and wild plants. Some 3000 <italic>Septoria</italic> names have been described in literature (Verkley <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R73">2004a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R74">b</xref>). Sexual morphs are unknown for most taxa, but those reported were mostly classified in <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> and <italic>Sphaerulina</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">Von Arx 1983</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R64">Sutton & Hennebert 1994</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2000</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R72">Verkley & Priest 2000</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2001</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">Aptroot 2006</xref>). Several overviews of the taxonomic work done on these fungi have been provided in the literature (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">Shin & Sameva 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> 2013</xref>). Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) discussed the complex nomenclatural history of <italic>Septoria</italic>. The type species of <italic>Septoria, S. cytisi</italic>, is a fungus occurring on the woody legume <italic>Cytisus laburnum</italic> (<italic>= Laburnum anagyroides</italic>) and several other, mostly herbaceous <italic>Fabaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R21">Farr 1992</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">Muthumary 1999</xref>). The phylogenetic position of this species for which no cultures are available has for long been uncertain. However, using well-identified herbarium material, Quaedvlieg <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R47">2011</xref>) were able to extract DNA and successfully amplify and sequence nuclear ribosomal RNA genes to determine its position in a comprehensive phylogeny inferred for <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic>.</p><p id="P9">Most taxonomists adopted a generic concept of <italic>Septoria</italic> that included fungi forming pycnidial conidiomata with holoblastic, hyaline, smooth-walled conidiogenous cells with sympodial and/or percurrent proliferation and hyaline, smooth, filiform to cylindrical multi-septate conidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R61">Sutton 1980</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">Constantinescu 1984</xref>, Sutton & Pascoe <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R62">1987</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R63">1989</xref>, Farr <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">1991</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R21">1992</xref>). Similar fungi forming acervular conidiomata were classified in <italic>Phloeospora</italic>, with <italic>Phloeospora ulmi</italic> as the type species, yet some researchers adopted a broader concept to include <italic>Phloeospora</italic> in <italic>Septoria</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">Jørstad 1965</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">Von Arx 1983</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">Andrianova 1987</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">Braun 1995</xref>). Recent DNA-sequencing studies have shown that the morphological characters that were used to delimit coelomycete genera in the past, in particular those pertaining to conidiomatal structure and conidiogenesis, did not correlate well with the sequence-inferred phylogenies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2001</xref>, Verkley <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R73">2004a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R74">b</xref>). Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>) present in their broad-scope study the results of an in-depth morphological and multi-gene sequence analyses of the septoria-like genera based on numerous isolates (including <italic>S. cytisi</italic>). In their study, they resolve the affinities and settle the nomenclature of all important septoria-like genera in the <italic>Dothideales</italic> and <italic>Pleosporales</italic>.</p><p id="P10">Host specificity has long been a decisive criterium in species delimitation in <italic>Septoria</italic>, mainly because of the paucity of useful morphological characters and the high level of variation therein. Traditionally, species of <italic>Septoria</italic> that were morphologically very similar but found on plants of different host families, were regarded as distinct taxa. Material from the same genus or from closely related host genera from the same plant family that could be distinguished by features such as conidial length and/or width and septation were usually also considered to belong to separate species. Most taxonomists revising <italic>Septoria</italic> lacked facilities to thoroughly investigate host ranges. A number of economically important <italic>Septoria</italic> species and species complexes have been subjected to infection experiments on various hosts, viz. the pathogens of <italic>Apium</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">Cochran 1932</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R56">Sheridan 1968</xref>) and cultivated <italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R76">Waddell & Weber 1963</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R46">Punithalingam & Wheeler 1965</xref>). The results of these studies largely seemed to confirm the general belief that <italic>Septoria</italic> species have host ranges that are limited to a single genus of plants and in relatively few cases, also include a few closely related genera from the same plant family (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>). Molecular phylogenetic studies on <italic>Septoria</italic> species infecting <italic>Asteraceae</italic> (Verkley & Starink-Willemse 2004) and woody perennials (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R22">Feau <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>) showed that species that are capable of infecting hosts of the same plant family do not (always) cluster in monophyletic groups, which is indicative of disjunct evolutionary patterns of these pathogens and their hosts. To explain these patterns, it has been postulated that “host jumping” occurs from typical (susceptible) hosts to “non-host” plants through asymptomatic tissue infection and subsequent exploration of new susceptible hosts. Examples of this were found in certain <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> species and their <italic>Acacia</italic> hosts (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2004b</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">Crous & Groenewald 2005</xref>), but the mechanisms driving host jumping are not yet understood. With our study in which we investigate the phylogenetic relationships of species from a wider spectrum of host families we hope to provide more insight into the evolution of these fungal pathogens and their host plants and to contribute to understanding such mechanisms.</p><p id="P11">Early molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed the relationships of septoria-like fungi with sexual morphs within <italic>Mycosphaerellaceae</italic>, and that the septoria-like fungi are of poly- and paraphyletic origins (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R60">Stewart <italic>et al.</italic> 1999</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2001</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R24">Goodwin <italic>et al.</italic> 2001</xref>, Verkley <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R73">2004a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R74">b</xref>, Verkley & Starink-Willemse, 2004). The ITS and/or LSU nrDNA sequence data used in those studies did not provide sufficient phylogenetic information to discriminate closely related species nor resolve most of the internal nodes in the trees. Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R73">2004a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R74">b</xref>) already concluded that groups within the then known “<italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> clade” showed no correlation to conidiomatal structure or conidiogenesis, confirming the conclusions drawn by Crous <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">2001</xref>). Feau <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R22">2006</xref>) sequenced the ITS, partial β-tubulin gene, and a proportion of the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal gene (mtSSU) to infer a phylogeny for <italic>Septoria</italic> associated with diseases of woody perennials (many of which are here transferred to <italic>Sphaerulina</italic>). Although their inferred trees provided improved resolution, it was clear that even more DNA loci would be needed to fully resolve closely related species and species complexes within <italic>Septoria s. str.</italic></p><p id="P12">The primary goal of our work was to improve the taxonomy of <italic>Septoria</italic> by adopting a polyphasic approach to taxon delimitation. To this end we studied cultures preserved in CBS, Utrecht, the Netherlands and material freshly collected in the field, did a full characterisation of the morphology <italic>in planta</italic> and <italic>in vitro</italic>, and sequenced seven DNA loci, viz. nuclear ITS and (partial) LSU ribosomal RNA genes, and RPB2, actin (Act), calmodulin (Cal), β-tubulin (Btub), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF) genes. The obtained datasets of the seven loci were also evaluated for PCR amplification success rates and barcode gaps in order to determine which individual, or combination of loci, would be best suited for fast and reliable species resolution and identification.</p><p id="P13">Most students of <italic>Septoria</italic> have focused on material on the natural substrate and did not isolate and deposit cultures in public culture collections. Of all material we were able to successfully isolate, cultures were deposited in CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS) in Utrecht, The Netherlands. To assess the nomenclature this material was compared to type material as far as it could be obtained for study. Where useful new material and associated pure cultures were designated as epitypes, to facilitate future work. This study supplements the work of Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>), who attain a broader perspective and address the complicated taxonomy and polyphyly of septoria-like fungi, proposing several new genera for taxa that are distantly related to <italic>Septoria cytisi</italic> and allied species.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="S3"><title>MATERIAL AND METHODS</title><sec id="S4"><title>Collecting, isolating and morphological comparison</title><p id="P14">Infected plant material was collected in the field and taken to the laboratory. Leaves were examined directly under a stereomicroscope to observe sporulating structures, or when insufficiently developed, incubated in a Petri-dish with wetted filter paper for 1-2 d to enhance the development of fruiting bodies. Cirrhi of spores were removed and mounted in tapwater for the microscopic examination of conidia. Isolates were obtained by either transferring cirrhi directly onto 3 % malt extract agar (MEA, Oxoid) plates with 50 ppm penicillin and streptomycin, and streaked over the agar surface with an inoculation loop and some sterile water. Sometimes conidia in water from slide preparations were taken with a loop and streaked directly onto a plate. After 1-3 d at room temperature, germinated conidia were transferred on to fresh media without antibiotics. New isolates were deposited in the CBS. Cultures taken from the CBS Collection were activated from lyophilised or cryopreserved material and inoculated on oatmeal (OA) and MEA plates. A complete overview of the material used in this study is presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>.</p><p id="P15">For the morphological study <italic>in planta</italic> hand sections were made from infected leaves, mounted in water and examined under an Olympus BX 50 microscope equipped with bright field and differential interference contrast (DIC) objectives, and photographed using a mounted Nikon Digital Sight DS-5M camera. Conidial masses were mounted in water and 30 spores measured. For culture studies, 7-14-d-old cultures were transferred to fresh OA, MEA and cherry decoction agar (CHA) plates and placed in an incubator under n-UV light (12 h light, 12 h dark) at 15 °C to promote sporulation (if otherwise, this is indicated in the descriptions). Media were prepared according to Crous <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">2009</xref>). Colony colours were described according to Rayner (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R51">1970</xref>). Sporulating structures obtained from cultures were used for the morphological description <italic>in vitro</italic>. Photographs of culture plates were taken after 2-3 wk on a photo stand with daylight tubes with a Pentax K110 D digital camera. Cultures were incubated up to 40 d to observe sporulation and other features.</p></sec><sec id="S5"><title>DNA isolation, PCR and sequencing</title><p id="P16">Genomic DNA was extracted from fungal mycelium growing on MEA, using the UltraClean® Microbial DNA Isolation Kit (Mo Bio Laboratories, Inc., Solana Beach, CA, USA). Strains (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>) were sequenced for seven loci: Actin (Act), calmodulin (Cal), β-tubulin (Btub), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), Translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF) 28S nrDNA (LSU) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2); the primer sets listed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref> were used. The PCR amplifications were performed in a total volume of 12.5 μL solution containing 10-20 ng of template DNA, 1 × PCR buffer, 0.7 μL DMSO (99.9 %), 2 mM MgCl<sub>2</sub>, 0.4 μM of each primer, 25 μM of each dNTP and 1.0 U Taq DNA polymerase (GoTaq, Promega). PCR amplification conditions were set as follows: an initial denaturation temperature of 96 °C for 2 min, followed by 40 cycles at the denaturation temperature of 96 °C for 45 s, primer annealing at the temperature stipulated in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>, primer extension at 72 °C for 90 s and a final extension step at 72 °C for 2 min. The resulting fragments were sequenced using the PCR primers together with a BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit v. 3.1 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Sequencing reactions were performed as described by Cheewangkoon <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">2008</xref>). All novel sequences were deposited in NCBI’s GenBank database and alignments and phylogenetic trees in TreeBASE.</p></sec><sec id="S6"><title>Sequence alignement and phylogenetic analyses</title><p id="P17">A basic alignment of the obtained sequence data was first done using MAFFT v. 7 (<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/index.html">http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/index.html</uri>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Katoh <italic>et al</italic>. 2002</xref>) and if necessary, manually improved in BioEdit v. 7.0.5.2 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R26">Hall 1999</xref>). To check the congruency of the multigene dataset, a 70 % neighbour-joining (NJ) reciprocal bootstrap method with maximum likelihood distance was performed (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R34">Mason-Gamer & Kellogg 1996</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R32">Lombard <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>). Bayesian analyses (critical value for the topological convergence diagnostic set to 0.01) were performed on the concatenated loci using MrBayes v. 3.2.1 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R28">Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2001</xref>) as described by Crous <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">2006a</xref>) using nucleotide substitution models that were selected using MrModeltest (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Nylander 2004</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S7"><title>Kimura-2-parameter values</title><p id="P18">The inter-and intraspecific distances for each individual dataset were calculated using MEGA v. 4.0 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R67">Tamura <italic>et al</italic>. 2007</xref>) with the Kimura-2-parameter (pairwise deletion) model.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results" id="S8"><title>RESULTS</title><sec id="S9"><title>Identification of the best DNA barcode loci for S<italic>eptoria</italic> species</title><sec id="S10"><title>Amplification success</title><p id="P19">The PCR amplification success rates were very high for all seven loci, varying from 97 % for RPB2 to 100 % for ITS and LSU (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">Table 3</xref>). Good amplification reactions of RPB2 required a 2-3 times higher DNA input then the other loci and this locus is therefore less favorable for easy identification. The other six loci amplified without problems.</p></sec><sec id="S11"><title>Kimura-2-parameter values</title><p id="P20">The Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) distribution graphs are depicted in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>. They visualise the inter- and intraspecific distances per locus (barcoding gap). A good barcoding locus should have no overlap between the inter- and intraspecific K2P distances and should have an average interspecific distance that is at least 10 times as high as the average intraspecific distance of that locus (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">Hebert <italic>et al</italic>. 2003</xref>). The seven loci show a rather constant degree of intraspecific variation of 0.01 in their K2P distribution graphs, however their interspecific variations shows considerable differences. The average interspecific variation in both ITS and LSU datasets is very low (0.015) compared to their intraspecific variation (0.01), leading to a very low inter- to intraspecific variation ratios of 1.5: 1 for these two loci (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>). These low ratios are far below the required 10: 1 ratio, indicating a general lack of natural variation within these two loci, making them ill-suited for effective identification of the individual species used in this dataset. These low K2P results for ITS and LSU are consistent with previous results by Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R73">2004a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R74">b</xref>) which showed that both loci could not resolve the lower phylogenetic relationships between closely related <italic>Septoria</italic> species. Due to the presence of intron regions in the five remaining protein coding loci, these genes provide much higher interspecific variation than the more conserved ITS and LSU loci. These protein coding genes thus have (much) higher K2P inter- to intraspecific variation ratios: for Cal 14: 1, RPB2 17: 1, Act 23: 1, EF 26: 1 and for Btub 29: 1 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>), making them all suitable for reliable species resolution throughout the range of septoria-like fungi. As the EF and Btub have the largest barcoding gap, these loci should give the highest species resolution and preferably be used for identifying species.</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Fig. 1.</label><caption><p>Frequency distributions of the Kimura-2-parameter distances (barcoding gaps) for the seven PCR loci.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig1"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Isolates used during this study.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Species</bold></th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Old name</bold></th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Isolate no</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="TFN1"><sup><bold>1</bold></sup></xref></th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Host</bold></th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Location</bold></th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Collector</bold></th><th align="left" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><bold>GenBank Accession no</bold><xref ref-type="fn" rid="TFN2"><sup><bold>2</bold></sup></xref><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>EF</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Tub</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>RPB2</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>LSU</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ITS</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Act</bold></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cal</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Caryophylloseptoria lychnidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria lychnidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109098&link_type=cbs">CBS 109098</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Silene pratensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253234</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252768</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252292</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251790</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251286</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253595</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253949</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria lychnidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109099&link_type=cbs">CBS 109099</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Silene pratensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253235</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252769</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252293</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251791</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251287</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253596</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253950</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria lychnidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109101&link_type=cbs">CBS 109101</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Silene pratensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253236</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252770</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252294</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251792</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251288</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253597</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253951</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria lychnidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109102&link_type=cbs">CBS 109102</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Silene pratensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253237</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252771</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252295</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251793</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251289</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253598</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253952</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Car. pseudolychnidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria lychnidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128614&link_type=cbs">CBS 128614</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lychnis cognata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253238</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252772</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252296</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251794</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251290</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253599</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253953</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria lychnidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128630&link_type=cbs">CBS 128630</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lychnis cognata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253239</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252773</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252297</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251795</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251291</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253600</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253954</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Car. silenes</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria silenes</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109100&link_type=cbs">CBS 109100</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Silene nutans</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253240</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252774</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252298</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251796</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251292</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253601</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253955</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria silenes</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109103&link_type=cbs">CBS 109103</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Silene pratensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253241</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252775</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252299</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251797</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251293</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253602</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253956</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Car. spergulae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109010&link_type=cbs">CBS 109010</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Spergula morisonii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A. Aptroot</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253242</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252776</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252300</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251798</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251294</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253603</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253957</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria dianthi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=397.52&link_type=cbs">CBS 397.52</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dianthus caryophyllus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Schouten</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253243</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252777</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252301</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251799</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251295</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253604</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253958</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cercospora apii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118712&link_type=cbs">CBS 118712</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fiji</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">P. Tyler</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253244</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252778</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252302</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251800</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251296</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253605</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253959</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cer. ariminensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=137.56&link_type=cbs">CBS 137.56</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hedysarum coronarium</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Ribaldi</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253245</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252779</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252303</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251801</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251297</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253606</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253960</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cer. beticola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124.31&link_type=cbs">CBS 124.31</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Romania</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E.W. Schmidt</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253246</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252780</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252304</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251802</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251298</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253607</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253961</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cercospora</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112737&link_type=cbs">CBS 112737</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rhus typhina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">K.A. Seifert</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253247</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252781</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251803</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251299</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253608</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253962</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cer. zebrina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118790&link_type=cbs">CBS 118790</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Trifolium subterraneum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Australia</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.J. Barbetti</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253248</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252782</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252305</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251804</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251300</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253609</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253963</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cercosporella virgaureae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113304&link_type=cbs">CBS 113304</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Erigeron annuus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253249</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252306</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251805</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251301</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253610</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253964</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothistroma pini</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=121011&link_type=cbs">CBS 121011</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus palassiana</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ukraine</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.C. Usichenko</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253250</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252307</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251806</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251302</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253611</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253965</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dot. septosporum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=383.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 383.74</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus coulteri</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Morelet</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253251</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252308</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251807</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251303</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253612</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253966</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella brassicicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=228.32&link_type=cbs">CBS 228.32</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica oleracea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Denmark</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.A. Jörgensen</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253252</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252783</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252309</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251808</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251304</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253613</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253967</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=267.53&link_type=cbs">CBS 267.53</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica oleracea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F. Quak</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253253</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252784</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252310</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251809</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251305</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253614</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253968</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Myc. capsellae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112033&link_type=cbs">CBS 112033</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brassica sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UK</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Evans</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253254</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252785</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252311</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251810</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251306</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253615</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253969</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=135464&link_type=cbs">CBS 135464</ext-link>; CPC 11677</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">UK</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Evans</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252786</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252312</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251811</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251307</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253616</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253970</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Passalora depressa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 14915</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Angelica gigas</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253256</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252788</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252314</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251813</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251309</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253972</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pas. dioscoreae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=135460&link_type=cbs">CBS 135460</ext-link>;CPC 10855</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dioscorea tokora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253257</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252789</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252315</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251814</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251310</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253618</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=135463&link_type=cbs">CBS 135463</ext-link>; CPC 11513</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dioscorea tenuipes</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253258</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252790</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252316</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251815</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251311</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253619</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pas. dissiliens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=219.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 219.77</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Iraq</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.S.A. Al-Momen</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253259</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252791</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252317</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251816</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251312</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253620</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pas. fusimaculans</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 17277</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Agrostis</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thailand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pheng Pheng</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253260</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252792</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252318</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251817</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251313</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253621</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253973</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pas. janseana</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=145.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 145.37</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E.C. Tullis</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253261</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252793</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251818</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251314</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253622</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253974</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Passalora</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113998&link_type=cbs">CBS 113998</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cajanus cajan</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L. van Jaarsveld</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253262</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252794</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252319</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251819</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251315</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253623</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Passalora</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113999&link_type=cbs">CBS 113999</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cajanus cajan</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L. van Jaarsveld</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253263</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252795</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252320</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251820</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251316</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253624</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Passalora</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114275&link_type=cbs">CBS 114275</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cajanus cajan</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L. van Jaarsveld</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253264</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252796</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252321</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251821</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251317</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pseudocercospora madagascariensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124155&link_type=cbs">CBS 124155</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Madagascar</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.J. Wingfield</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253265</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252322</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251822</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251318</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253625</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pse. pyracanthae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 10808</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyracantha angustifolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253266</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252323</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251823</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251319</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253626</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pse. pyracanthigena</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112032&link_type=cbs">CBS 112032</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pyracantha angustifolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.J. Park</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253267</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252797</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252324</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251824</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251320</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253627</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253975</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pse. rhoina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 11464</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rhus chinensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253268</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252325</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251825</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251321</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pse. schizolobii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120029&link_type=cbs">CBS 120029</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Schizolobium parahybum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ecuador</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.J. Wingfield</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253269</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252798</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252326</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251826</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251322</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253628</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124990&link_type=cbs">CBS 124990</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thailand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">W. Himaman</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253270</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252327</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251827</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251323</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253629</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pse. tereticornis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124996&link_type=cbs">CBS 124996</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus nitens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Australia</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.J. Cargenie</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253271</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252799</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252328</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251828</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251324</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253630</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253976</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pseudocercosporella capsellae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118412&link_type=cbs">CBS 118412</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Brassica</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.F. Hill</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253272</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252800</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252329</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251829</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251325</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253631</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253977</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=127.29&link_type=cbs">CBS 127.29</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">K. Togashi</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253273</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252801</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252330</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251830</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251326</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253632</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253978</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pella. magnusiana</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114735&link_type=cbs">CBS 114735</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Geranium silvaticum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sweden</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E. Gunnerbeck</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253274</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252802</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251831</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251327</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253979</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pella. pastinacae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114116&link_type=cbs">CBS 114116</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Laserpitium latifolium</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sweden</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">K. & L. Holm</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253275</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252803</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252331</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251832</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251328</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253633</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253980</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ramularia endophylla</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113265&link_type=cbs">CBS 113265</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus robur</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253276</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252332</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251833</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251329</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253634</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253981</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ram. eucalypti</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120726&link_type=cbs">CBS 120726</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus grandiflora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">W. Gams</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253277</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252333</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251834</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251330</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253635</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253982</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ram. lamii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 11312</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leonurus sibiricus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253278</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252334</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251835</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251331</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253636</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253983</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Readeriella mirabilis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125000&link_type=cbs">CBS 125000</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus globulus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Australia</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I.W. Smith</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253279</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252804</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252335</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251836</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251332</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253637</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253984</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria abei</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128598&link_type=cbs">CBS 128598</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hibiscus syriacus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253280</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252805</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252336</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251837</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251333</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253638</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253985</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. aegopodina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123740&link_type=cbs">CBS 123740</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aegopodium podagraria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253281</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252806</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251838</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251334</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253639</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253986</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123741&link_type=cbs">CBS 123741</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aegopodium podagraria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253282</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252807</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251839</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251335</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253640</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253987</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. agrimoniicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128585&link_type=cbs">CBS 128585</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Agrimonia pilosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253283</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252808</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252337</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251840</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251336</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253641</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253988</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128602&link_type=cbs">CBS 128602</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Agrimonia pilosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253284</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252809</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252338</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251841</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251337</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253989</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. anthrisci</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109019&link_type=cbs">CBS 109019</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Anthriscus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253285</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252810</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252339</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251842</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251338</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253642</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253990</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109020&link_type=cbs">CBS 109020</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Anthriscus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253286</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252811</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252340</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251843</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251339</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253643</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253991</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. anthurii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=148.41&link_type=cbs">CBS 148.41</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Anthurium</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">P. Kotthoff</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253287</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252812</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252341</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251844</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251340</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253644</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253992</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=346.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 346.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Anthurium</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253288</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252813</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252342</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251845</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251341</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253645</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253993</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. apiicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116465&link_type=cbs">CBS 116465</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Apium graveolens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Munning</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253289</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252814</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252343</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251846</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251342</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253646</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253994</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=389.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 389.59</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Apium graveolens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Ribaldi</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253290</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252815</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252344</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251847</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251343</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253647</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253995</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=395.52&link_type=cbs">CBS 395.52</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Apium</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G. van den Ende</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253291</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252816</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252345</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251848</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251344</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253648</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253996</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.54</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Apium graveolens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">J.A. von Arx</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253292</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252817</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252346</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251849</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251345</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253649</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253997</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. astericola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128587&link_type=cbs">CBS 128587</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aster tataricus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253293</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252818</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252347</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251850</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251346</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253650</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253998</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128593&link_type=cbs">CBS 128593</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aster yomena</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253294</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252819</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252348</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251851</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251347</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253651</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253999</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. astragali</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109117&link_type=cbs">CBS 109117</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Astragalus glycyphyllos</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253296</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252821</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252350</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251853</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251349</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253653</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254001</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123878&link_type=cbs">CBS 123878</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Astragalus glycyphyllos</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253297</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252822</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252351</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251854</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251350</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253654</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254002</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109116&link_type=cbs">CBS 109116</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Astragalus glycyphyllos</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253298</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252823</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252352</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251855</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251351</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253655</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254003</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. atropurpurea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=348.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 348.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aster canus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253299</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252824</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252353</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251856</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251352</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253656</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254004</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. bothriospermi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128592&link_type=cbs">CBS 128592</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bothriospermum tenellum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253300</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252825</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252354</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251857</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251353</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253657</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254005</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128599&link_type=cbs">CBS 128599</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bothriospermum tenellum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253301</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252826</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252355</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251858</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251354</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253658</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254006</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. bupleuricola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128601&link_type=cbs">CBS 128601</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bupleurum longiradiatum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253302</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252827</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252356</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251859</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251355</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253659</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254007</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128603&link_type=cbs">CBS 128603</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bupleurum falcatum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253303</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252828</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252357</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251860</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251356</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253660</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254008</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. calendulae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=349.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 349.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Calendula arvensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253304</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252829</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252358</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251861</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251357</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253661</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254009</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. callistephi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128590&link_type=cbs">CBS 128590</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Callistephus chinensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253305</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252830</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252359</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251862</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251358</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253662</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254010</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128594&link_type=cbs">CBS 128594</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Callistephus chinensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253306</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252831</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252360</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251863</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251359</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253663</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254011</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. campanulae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128589&link_type=cbs">CBS 128589</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Campanula takesimana</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253307</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252832</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252361</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251864</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251360</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253664</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254012</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128604&link_type=cbs">CBS 128604</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Campanula takesimana</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253308</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252833</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252362</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251865</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251361</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253665</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254013</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. cerastii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102323&link_type=cbs">CBS 102323</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cerastium fontanum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253309</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252834</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252363</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251866</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251362</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253666</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254014</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128586&link_type=cbs">CBS 128586</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cerastium holosteoides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253310</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252835</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252364</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251867</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251363</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253667</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254015</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128612&link_type=cbs">CBS 128612</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cerastium holosteoides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253311</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252836</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252365</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251868</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251364</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253668</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254016</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128626&link_type=cbs">CBS 128626</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cerastium holosteoides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253312</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252837</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252366</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251869</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251365</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253669</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254017</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12343</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cerastium holosteoides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253313</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252838</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252367</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251870</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251366</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253670</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254018</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep</italic>. cf. <italic>rubi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12331</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus crataegifolius</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253317</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252842</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252371</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251874</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251370</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253674</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254022</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria rubi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128646&link_type=cbs">CBS 128646</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus crataegifolius</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253314</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252839</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252368</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251871</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251367</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253671</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254019</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria rubi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128648&link_type=cbs">CBS 128648</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus crataegifolius</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253315</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252840</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252369</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251872</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251368</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253672</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254020</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria rubi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128760&link_type=cbs">CBS 128760</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus crataegifolius</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253316</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252841</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252370</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251873</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251369</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253673</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254021</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep</italic>. cf. <italic>sonchi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128757&link_type=cbs">CBS 128757</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sonchus asper</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253500</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253020</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252546</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252057</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251552</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253855</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254204</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep</italic>. cf. <italic>stachydicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria lycopicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128662&link_type=cbs">CBS 128662</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stachys riederi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253513</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253034</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252559</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252071</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251566</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253867</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254218</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. chamaecisti</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=350.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 350.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Helianthemum hybridum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253318</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252843</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252372</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251875</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251371</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253675</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254023</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. chelidonii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128607&link_type=cbs">CBS 128607</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chelidonium majus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253319</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252844</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252373</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251876</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251372</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253676</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254024</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12337</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chelidonium majus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253320</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252845</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252374</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251877</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251373</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253677</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254025</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. chromolaenae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113373&link_type=cbs">CBS 113373</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chromolaena odorata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cuba</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S. Neser</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253321</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252846</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252375</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251878</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251374</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253678</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254026</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. chrysanthemella</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128617&link_type=cbs">CBS 128617</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum morifolium</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253322</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252847</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252376</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251879</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251375</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253679</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254027</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128622&link_type=cbs">CBS 128622</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum boreale</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253323</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252848</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252377</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251880</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251376</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253680</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254028</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=483.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 483.63</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253324</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252849</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252378</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251881</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251377</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253681</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254029</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128716&link_type=cbs">CBS 128716</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E. Oh</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253325</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252850</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252379</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251882</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251378</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253682</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254030</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=351.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 351.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum indicum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253326</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252851</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252380</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251883</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251379</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253683</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254031</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.73&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.73</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum morifolium</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.F. Laundon</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253327</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252852</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252381</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251884</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251380</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253684</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254032</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. cirsii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128621&link_type=cbs">CBS 128621</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cirsium setidens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253328</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252853</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252382</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251885</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251381</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253685</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254033</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. citri</italic> (= <italic>protearum complex</italic>)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria orchidearum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101013&link_type=cbs">CBS 101013</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Masdevallia</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">W. Veenbaas-Rijks</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253457</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252978</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252504</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252013</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251508</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253812</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254161</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101354&link_type=cbs">CBS 101354</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gevuina avellana</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S. Ganev</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253458</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252979</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252505</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252014</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251509</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253813</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254162</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria lobeliae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113392&link_type=cbs">CBS 113392</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lobelia erinus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S. Wolcon</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253460</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252981</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252507</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252016</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251511</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253815</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254164</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria aciculosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=177.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 177.77</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fragaria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.J. Boesewinkel</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253463</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252984</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252509</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252019</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251514</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253818</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254167</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria citri</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=315.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 315.37</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L.L. Huillier</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253465</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252511</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252021</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251516</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253820</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254169</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria gerberae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=410.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 410.61</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gerbera jamesonii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">W. Gerlach</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253468</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252988</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252514</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252024</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251519</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253823</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254172</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria hederae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=566.88&link_type=cbs">CBS 566.88</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hedera helix</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253470</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252990</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252515</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252026</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251521</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253825</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254174</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. citricola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=356.36&link_type=cbs">CBS 356.36</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G. Ruggieri</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253329</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252854</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252383</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251886</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251382</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253686</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254034</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. clematidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108983&link_type=cbs">CBS 108983</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Clematis vitalba</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253330</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252855</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252384</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251887</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251383</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253687</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254035</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108984&link_type=cbs">CBS 108984</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Clematis vitalba</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253331</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252856</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252385</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251888</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251384</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253688</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254036</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. codonopsidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128609&link_type=cbs">CBS 128609</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Codonopsis lanceolata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253332</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252857</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252386</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251889</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251385</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253689</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254037</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128620&link_type=cbs">CBS 128620</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Codonopsis lanceolata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253333</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252858</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252387</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251890</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251386</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253690</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254038</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. convolvuli</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102325&link_type=cbs">CBS 102325</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Calystegia sepium</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253334</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252859</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252388</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251891</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251387</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253691</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254039</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113111&link_type=cbs">CBS 113111</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Calystegia sepium</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253335</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252860</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252389</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251892</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251388</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253692</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254040</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128627&link_type=cbs">CBS 128627</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Calystegia soldanella</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253336</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252861</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252390</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251893</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251389</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253693</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254041</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. coprosmae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113391&link_type=cbs">CBS 113391</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Coprosma robusta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253255</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252787</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252313</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251812</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251308</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253617</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253971</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. crepidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12539</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Crepis japonica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253339</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252864</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252393</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251896</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251392</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253696</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254044</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128608&link_type=cbs">CBS 128608</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Youngia japonica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253337</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252862</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252391</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251894</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251390</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253694</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254042</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128619&link_type=cbs">CBS 128619</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Youngia japonica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253338</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252863</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252392</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251895</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251391</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253695</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254043</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. cruciatae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123747&link_type=cbs">CBS 123747</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Galium odoratum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253340</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252865</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252394</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251897</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251393</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253697</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254045</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123748&link_type=cbs">CBS 123748</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Galium odoratum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253341</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252866</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252395</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251898</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251394</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253698</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254046</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. cucubali</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102367&link_type=cbs">CBS 102367</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cucubalus baccifer</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253342</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252867</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252396</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251899</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251395</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253699</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254047</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102368&link_type=cbs">CBS 102368</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cucubalus baccifer</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253343</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252868</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252397</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251900</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251396</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253700</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254048</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102386&link_type=cbs">CBS 102386</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Saponaria officinalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253344</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252869</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252398</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251901</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251397</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253701</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254049</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124874&link_type=cbs">CBS 124874</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Unterseher</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253345</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252870</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252399</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251902</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251398</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253702</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254050</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. cucurbitacearum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=178.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 178.77</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cucurbita maxima</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.J. Boesewinkel</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253346</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252400</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251903</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251399</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253703</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254051</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. dearnessii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128624&link_type=cbs">CBS 128624</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Angelica dahurica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253347</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252871</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252401</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251904</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251400</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253704</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254052</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. digitalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=328.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 328.67</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Digitalis lanata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253348</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252872</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252402</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251905</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251401</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253705</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254053</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.63</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Digitalis lanata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">V. Holubová</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253349</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252873</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252403</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251906</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251402</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253706</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254054</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. dolichospora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129152&link_type=cbs">CBS 129152</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solidago virgaurea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253350</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252874</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251907</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251403</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253707</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254055</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. dysentericae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128637&link_type=cbs">CBS 128637</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Inula britannica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253351</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252875</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252404</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251908</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251404</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253708</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254056</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128638&link_type=cbs">CBS 128638</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Inula britannica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253352</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252876</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252405</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251909</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251405</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253709</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254057</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131892&link_type=cbs">CBS 131892</ext-link>; CPC 12328</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Inula britannica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253353</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252877</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252406</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251910</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251406</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253710</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254058</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. ekmaniana</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113385&link_type=cbs">CBS 113385</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chromolaena odorata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.J. Morris</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253354</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252878</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251911</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251407</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253711</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254059</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113612&link_type=cbs">CBS 113612</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chromolaena odorata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.J. Morris</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253355</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252879</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251912</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251408</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253712</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254060</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. epambrosiae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128629&link_type=cbs">CBS 128629</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ambrosia trifida</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253356</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252880</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252407</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251913</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251409</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253713</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254061</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128636&link_type=cbs">CBS 128636</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ambrosia trifida</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253357</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252881</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252408</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251914</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251410</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253714</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254062</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. epilobii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109084&link_type=cbs">CBS 109084</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Epilobium fleischeri</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253358</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252882</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252409</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251915</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251411</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253715</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254063</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109085&link_type=cbs">CBS 109085</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Epilobium fleischeri</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253359</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252883</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252410</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251916</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251412</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253716</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254064</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. erigerontis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109094&link_type=cbs">CBS 109094</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Erigeron annuus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253360</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252884</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252411</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251917</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251413</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253717</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254065</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109095&link_type=cbs">CBS 109095</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Erigeron annuus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253361</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252885</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252412</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251918</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251414</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253718</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254066</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128606&link_type=cbs">CBS 128606</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Erigeron annuus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253362</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252886</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252413</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251919</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251415</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253719</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254067</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131893&link_type=cbs">CBS 131893</ext-link>; CPC 12340</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Erigeron annuus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253363</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252888</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252414</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251920</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251416</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253720</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254068</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria schnabliana</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=186.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 186.93</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Erigeron annuus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Vurro</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253364</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252887</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252537</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252048</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251543</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253893</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254244</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. eucalyptorum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118505&link_type=cbs">CBS 118505</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">W. Gams</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253365</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252889</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252415</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251921</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251417</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253721</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254069</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. exotica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=163.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 163.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hebe speciosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.J. Boesewinkel</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253366</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252890</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252416</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251922</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251418</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253722</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254070</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. galeopsidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123744&link_type=cbs">CBS 123744</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Galeopsis</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253367</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252891</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252417</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251923</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251419</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253723</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254071</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123746&link_type=cbs">CBS 123746</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Galeopsis</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253368</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252892</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252418</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251924</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251420</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253724</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254072</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123749&link_type=cbs">CBS 123749</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Galeopsis</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253369</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252893</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252419</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251925</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251421</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253725</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254073</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=191.26&link_type=cbs">CBS 191.26</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Galeopsis</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C. Killian</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253370</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252894</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252420</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251926</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251422</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253726</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254074</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102314&link_type=cbs">CBS 102314</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Galeopsis tetrahit</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253371</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252895</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252421</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251927</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251423</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253727</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254075</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102411&link_type=cbs">CBS 102411</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Galeopsis tetrahit</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253372</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252896</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252422</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251928</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251424</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253728</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254076</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123745&link_type=cbs">CBS 123745</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Galeopsis</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253373</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252897</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252423</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251929</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251425</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253729</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254077</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. gentianae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128633&link_type=cbs">CBS 128633</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gentiana scabra</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253374</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252898</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252424</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251930</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251426</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253730</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254078</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. gladioli</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=121.20&link_type=cbs">CBS 121.20</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253375</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252899</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252425</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251931</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251427</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253731</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254079</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=353.29&link_type=cbs">CBS 353.29</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">J.C. Went</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253376</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252900</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252426</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251932</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251428</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253732</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254080</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. glycines</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=336.53&link_type=cbs">CBS 336.53</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Japan</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H. Kurata</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253377</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252901</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251933</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251429</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253733</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254081</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. glycinicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128618&link_type=cbs">CBS 128618</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glycine max</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253378</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252902</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252427</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251934</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251430</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253734</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254082</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. helianthi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 123.81</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Helianthus annuus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Muntañola</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253379</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252903</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252428</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251935</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251431</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253735</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254083</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. helianthicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 122.81</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Helianthus annuus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Muntañola</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253380</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252904</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252429</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251936</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251432</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253736</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254084</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. hibiscicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128611&link_type=cbs">CBS 128611</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hibiscus syriacus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253381</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252905</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252430</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251937</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251433</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253737</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254085</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128615&link_type=cbs">CBS 128615</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hibiscus syriacus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253382</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252906</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252431</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251938</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251434</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253738</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254086</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. hippocastani</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=411.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 411.61</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aesculus hippocastanum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">W. Gerlach</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253383</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252907</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252432</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251939</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251435</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253739</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254087</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. justiciae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12509</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Justicia procumbens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253386</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252910</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252435</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251942</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251438</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253742</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254090</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128610&link_type=cbs">CBS 128610</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Justicia procumbens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253384</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252908</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252433</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251940</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251436</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253740</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254088</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128625&link_type=cbs">CBS 128625</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Justicia procumbens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253385</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252909</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252434</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251941</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251437</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253741</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254089</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. lactucae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108943&link_type=cbs">CBS 108943</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lactuca sativa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">P. Grooteman</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253387</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252911</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252436</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251943</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251439</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253743</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254091</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=352.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 352.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lactuca sativa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G. Sörgel</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253388</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252912</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252437</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251944</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251440</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253744</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254092</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. lamiicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102328&link_type=cbs">CBS 102328</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lamium album</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253389</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252913</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252438</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251945</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251441</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253745</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254093</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102329&link_type=cbs">CBS 102329</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lamium album</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253390</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252914</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252439</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251946</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251442</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253746</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254094</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102379&link_type=cbs">CBS 102379</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lamium</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253391</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252915</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252440</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251947</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251443</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253747</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254095</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102380&link_type=cbs">CBS 102380</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lamium</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253392</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252916</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252441</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251948</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251444</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253748</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254096</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109112&link_type=cbs">CBS 109112</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lamium album</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253393</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252917</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252442</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251949</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251445</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253749</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254097</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109113&link_type=cbs">CBS 109113</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lamium album</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253394</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252918</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252443</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251950</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251446</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253750</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254098</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123882&link_type=cbs">CBS 123882</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lamium</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253395</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252919</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252444</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251951</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251447</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253751</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254099</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123883&link_type=cbs">CBS 123883</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lamium</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253396</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252920</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252445</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251952</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251448</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253752</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254100</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123884&link_type=cbs">CBS 123884</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lamium</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253397</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252921</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252446</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251953</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251449</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253753</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254101</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. lepidiicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128635&link_type=cbs">CBS 128635</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lepidium virginicum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253398</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252922</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252447</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251954</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251450</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253754</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254102</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. leptostachyae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128613&link_type=cbs">CBS 128613</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phryma leptostachya</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253399</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252923</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252448</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251955</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251451</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253755</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254103</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128628&link_type=cbs">CBS 128628</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phryma leptostachya</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253400</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252924</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252449</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251956</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251452</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253756</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254104</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. leucanthemi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109083&link_type=cbs">CBS 109083</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253401</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252925</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252450</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251957</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251453</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253757</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254105</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109086&link_type=cbs">CBS 109086</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253402</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252926</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252451</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251958</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251454</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254106</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109090&link_type=cbs">CBS 109090</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253403</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252927</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252452</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251959</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251455</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253759</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254107</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109091&link_type=cbs">CBS 109091</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253404</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252928</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252453</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251960</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251456</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253760</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254108</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113112&link_type=cbs">CBS 113112</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253405</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252929</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252454</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251961</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251457</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253761</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254109</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=353.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 353.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum maximum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253406</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252930</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252455</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251962</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251458</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253762</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254110</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. limonum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=419.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 419.51</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus limonium</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G. Goidánich</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253407</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252931</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252456</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251963</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251459</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253763</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254111</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. linicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=316.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 316.37</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Linum usitatissimum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.W. Hollenweber</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253408</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252932</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252457</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251964</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251460</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253764</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254112</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. lycoctoni</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109089&link_type=cbs">CBS 109089</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aconitum vulparia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253409</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252933</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252458</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251965</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251461</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253765</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254113</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. lycopersici</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128654&link_type=cbs">CBS 128654</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lycopersicon esculentum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253410</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252934</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252459</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251966</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251462</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253766</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254114</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.49&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.49</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lycopersicon esculentum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">B.H. MacNeil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253411</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252935</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252460</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251967</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251463</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253767</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254115</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. lycopicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128651&link_type=cbs">CBS 128651</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lycopus ramosissimus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253412</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252936</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252461</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251968</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251464</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253768</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254116</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. lysimachiae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102315&link_type=cbs">CBS 102315</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lysimachia vulgaris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253413</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252937</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252462</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251969</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251465</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253769</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254117</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108998&link_type=cbs">CBS 108998</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lysimachia vulgaris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253414</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252938</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252463</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251970</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251466</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253770</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254118</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108999&link_type=cbs">CBS 108999</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lysimachia vulgaris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253415</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252939</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252464</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251971</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251467</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253771</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254119</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123794&link_type=cbs">CBS 123794</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lysimachia</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253416</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252940</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252465</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251972</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251468</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253772</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254120</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123795&link_type=cbs">CBS 123795</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lysimachia</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253417</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252941</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252466</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251973</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251469</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253773</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254121</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. malagutii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=106.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 106.80</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Solanum</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peru</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.H. Boerema</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253418</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252467</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251974</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251470</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253774</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254122</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. matricariae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109000&link_type=cbs">CBS 109000</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Matricaria discoidea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253419</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252942</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252468</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251975</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251471</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253775</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254123</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109001&link_type=cbs">CBS 109001</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Matricaria discoidea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253420</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252943</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252469</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251976</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251472</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253776</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254124</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. mazi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128656&link_type=cbs">CBS 128656</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mazus japonicus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253421</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252944</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252470</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251977</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251473</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253777</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254125</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128755&link_type=cbs">CBS 128755</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mazus japonicus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253422</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252945</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252471</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251978</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251474</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253778</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254126</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. melissae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109097&link_type=cbs">CBS 109097</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Melissa officinalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253423</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252946</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252472</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251979</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251475</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253779</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254127</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. menthae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=404.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 404.34</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Japan</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">T. Hemmi</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253424</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252947</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251980</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251476</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253780</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254128</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. napelli</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109104&link_type=cbs">CBS 109104</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aconitum napellus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253425</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252948</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252473</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251981</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251477</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253781</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254129</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109105&link_type=cbs">CBS 109105</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aconitum napellus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253426</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252949</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252474</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251982</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251478</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253782</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254130</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109106&link_type=cbs">CBS 109106</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aconitum napellus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253427</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252950</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252475</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251983</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251479</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253783</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254131</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. obesa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria artimisiae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128588&link_type=cbs">CBS 128588</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Artemisia lavandulaefolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253428</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252951</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252476</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251984</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251480</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253784</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254132</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria chrysanthemella</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128623&link_type=cbs">CBS 128623</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum indicum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253429</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252952</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252477</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251985</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251481</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253785</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254133</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128759&link_type=cbs">CBS 128759</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum morifolium</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253430</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252478</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251986</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251482</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253786</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254134</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysantemum indicum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253431</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252479</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251987</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251483</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253787</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254135</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. oenanthis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128667&link_type=cbs">CBS 128667</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cicuta virosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253432</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252953</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252481</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251989</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251485</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253788</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254136</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. oenanthicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria oenanthis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128649&link_type=cbs">CBS 128649</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Oenanthe javanica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253433</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252954</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252480</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251988</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251484</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253789</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254137</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. orchidearum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria cyclaminis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128631&link_type=cbs">CBS 128631</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cyclamen fatrense</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253434</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252955</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252482</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251990</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251486</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253790</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254138</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=457.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 457.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Listera ovata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253435</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252956</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252483</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251991</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251487</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253791</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254139</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. oudemansii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=619.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 619.72</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Poa pratensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253436</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252957</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252484</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251992</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254299</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254140</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. pachyspora</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128652&link_type=cbs">CBS 128652</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zyathoxylum schinifolium</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253437</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252958</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252485</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251993</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251488</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253792</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254141</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. paridis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109111&link_type=cbs">CBS 109111</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Paris quadrifolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253438</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252959</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252486</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251994</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251489</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253793</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254142</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109110&link_type=cbs">CBS 109110</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Paris quadrifolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253439</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252960</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252487</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251995</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251490</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253794</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254143</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria violae-palustris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109108&link_type=cbs">CBS 109108</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viola</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253440</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252961</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252488</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251996</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251491</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253795</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254144</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria violae-palustris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109109&link_type=cbs">CBS 109109</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viola</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253441</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252962</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252489</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251997</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251492</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253796</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254145</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. passifloricola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. passiflorae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102701&link_type=cbs">CBS 102701</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Passiflora edulis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.F. Hill</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253442</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252963</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252490</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251998</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251493</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253797</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254146</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129431&link_type=cbs">CBS 129431</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Passiflora edulis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253443</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252964</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251999</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251494</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253798</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254147</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. perillae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128655&link_type=cbs">CBS 128655</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Perilla frutescens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253444</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252965</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252491</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252000</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251495</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253799</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254148</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. petroselini</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109521&link_type=cbs">CBS 109521</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253445</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252966</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252492</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252001</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251496</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253800</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254149</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.44&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.44</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Petroselinum sativum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.D. de Wit</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253446</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252967</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252493</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252002</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251497</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253801</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254150</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. phlogis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102317&link_type=cbs">CBS 102317</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phlox</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253447</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252968</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252494</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252003</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251498</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253802</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254151</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128663&link_type=cbs">CBS 128663</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phlox paniculata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253448</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252969</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252495</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252004</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251499</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253803</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254152</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=577.90&link_type=cbs">CBS 577.90</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phlox</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253449</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252970</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252496</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252005</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251500</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253804</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254153</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. polygonorum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102330&link_type=cbs">CBS 102330</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Polygonum persicaria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253450</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252971</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252497</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252006</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251501</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253805</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254154</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102331&link_type=cbs">CBS 102331</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Polygonum persicaria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253451</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252972</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252498</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252007</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251502</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253806</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254155</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108982&link_type=cbs">CBS 108982</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Polygonum persicaria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253452</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252973</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252499</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252008</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251503</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253807</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254156</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109834&link_type=cbs">CBS 109834</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Polygonum persicaria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253453</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252974</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252500</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252009</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251504</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253808</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254157</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113110&link_type=cbs">CBS 113110</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Polygonum persicaria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.F. Hill</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253454</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252975</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252501</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252010</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251505</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253809</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254158</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=347.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 347.67</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Polygonum persicaria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253455</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252976</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252502</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252011</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251506</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253810</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254159</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. posoniensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128645&link_type=cbs">CBS 128645</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysosplenium japonicum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253456</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252977</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252503</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252012</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251507</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253811</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254160</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. protearum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 19691</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zanthedeschia aethiopica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">P.W. Crous</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253474</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252994</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252519</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252030</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251525</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253829</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254178</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113114&link_type=cbs">CBS 113114</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Geum</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253459</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252980</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252506</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252015</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251510</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253814</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254163</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=119942&link_type=cbs">CBS 119942</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Asplenium ruta-muraria</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253461</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252982</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252017</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251512</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253816</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254165</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=135477&link_type=cbs">CBS 135477</ext-link>; CPC 19675</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zanthedeschia aethiopica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">P.W. Crous</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253473</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252993</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252518</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252029</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251524</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253828</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254177</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=164.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 164.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nephrolepis</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.J. Boesewinkel</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253462</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252983</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252508</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252018</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251513</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253817</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254166</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=179.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 179.77</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Myosotis</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.J. Boesewinkel</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253464</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252985</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252510</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252020</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251515</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253819</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254168</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=364.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 364.97</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Skimmia</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">J. de Gruyter</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253466</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252986</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252512</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252022</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251517</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253821</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254170</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria ligustri</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=390.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 390.59</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ligustrum vulgare</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Ribaldi</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253467</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252987</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252513</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252023</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251518</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253822</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254171</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria pistaciae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=420.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 420.51</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pistacia vera</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G. Goidánich</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253469</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252989</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252025</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251520</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253824</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254173</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=658.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 658.77</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Boronia denticulata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.J. Boesewinkel</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253471</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252991</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252516</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252027</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251522</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253826</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254175</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=778.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 778.97</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Protea cynaroides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L. Viljoen</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253472</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252992</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252517</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252028</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251523</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253827</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254176</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. pseudonapelli</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria napelli</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128664&link_type=cbs">CBS 128664</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aconitum pseudolaeve</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253475</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252995</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252520</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252031</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251526</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253830</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254179</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. putrida</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109087&link_type=cbs">CBS 109087</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Senecio nemorensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253476</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252996</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252521</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252032</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251527</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253831</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254180</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109088&link_type=cbs">CBS 109088</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Senecio nemorensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253477</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252997</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252522</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252033</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251528</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253832</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254181</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. rumicum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria acetosae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=503.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 503.76</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rumex acetosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253478</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252998</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252523</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252034</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251529</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253833</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254182</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. saccardoi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128756&link_type=cbs">CBS 128756</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lysimachia vulgaris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253479</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252999</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252524</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252035</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251530</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253834</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254183</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. scabiosicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102333&link_type=cbs">CBS 102333</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia arvensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253480</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253000</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252525</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252036</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251531</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253835</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254184</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102334&link_type=cbs">CBS 102334</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia arvensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253481</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253001</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252526</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252037</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251532</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253836</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254185</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102335&link_type=cbs">CBS 102335</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia arvensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253482</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253002</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252527</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252038</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251533</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253837</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254186</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102336&link_type=cbs">CBS 102336</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia arvensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253483</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253003</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252528</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252039</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251534</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253838</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254187</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108981&link_type=cbs">CBS 108981</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia arvensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253484</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253004</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252529</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252040</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251535</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253839</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254188</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109021&link_type=cbs">CBS 109021</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia arvensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253485</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253005</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252530</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252041</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251536</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253840</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254189</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109092&link_type=cbs">CBS 109092</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia dipsacifolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253486</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253006</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252531</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252042</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251537</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253841</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254190</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109093&link_type=cbs">CBS 109093</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia dipsacifolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253487</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253007</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252532</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252043</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251538</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253842</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254191</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109128&link_type=cbs">CBS 109128</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia dipsacifolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253488</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253008</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252533</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252044</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251539</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253843</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254192</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109129&link_type=cbs">CBS 109129</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Knautia dipsacifolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253489</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253009</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252534</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252045</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251540</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253844</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254193</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.93</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Succissa pratensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253490</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253010</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252535</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252046</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251541</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253845</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254194</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=317.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 317.37</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253491</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253011</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252536</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252047</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251542</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253846</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254195</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. senecionis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102366&link_type=cbs">CBS 102366</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Senecio fluviatilis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253492</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253012</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252538</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252049</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251544</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253847</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254196</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102381&link_type=cbs">CBS 102381</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Senecio fluviatilis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253493</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253013</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252539</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252050</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251545</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253848</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254197</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. siegesbeckiae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128659&link_type=cbs">CBS 128659</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Siegesbeckia glabrescens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253494</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253014</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252540</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252051</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251546</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253849</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254198</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128661&link_type=cbs">CBS 128661</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Siegesbeckia pubescens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253495</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253015</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252541</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252052</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251547</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253850</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254199</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. sii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102369&link_type=cbs">CBS 102369</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Berula erecta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253496</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253016</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252542</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252053</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251548</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253851</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254200</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102370&link_type=cbs">CBS 102370</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Berula erecta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253497</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253017</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252543</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252054</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251549</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253852</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254201</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 118.96</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Berula erecta</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253498</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253018</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252544</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252055</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251550</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253853</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254202</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. sisyrinchii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112096&link_type=cbs">CBS 112096</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sysirinchium</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.F. Hill</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253499</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253019</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252545</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252056</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251551</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253854</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254203</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pseudocercospora</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 19976</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Feijoa sellowiana</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G. Polizzy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253509</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253030</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252067</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251562</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253863</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254214</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 23104</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E. van Agtmaal</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253511</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253032</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252557</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252069</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251564</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253865</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254216</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109114&link_type=cbs">CBS 109114</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Campanula glomerata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253501</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253021</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252547</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252058</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251553</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253856</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254205</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120739&link_type=cbs">CBS 120739</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">W. Gams</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253503</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253023</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252549</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252060</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251555</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253858</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254207</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria taraxaci</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128650&link_type=cbs">CBS 128650</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Taraxacum officinale</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253504</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253024</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252550</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252061</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251556</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253859</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254208</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria posoniensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128658&link_type=cbs">CBS 128658</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysoplenium japonicum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253505</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253025</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252551</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252062</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251557</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253860</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254209</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=135472&link_type=cbs">CBS 135472</ext-link>; CPC 19304</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">P.W. Crous</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253506</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253026</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252552</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252063</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251558</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253861</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254210</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=135474&link_type=cbs">CBS 135474</ext-link>; CPC 19485</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Conyza canadensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R.W. Barreto</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253507</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253027</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252553</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252064</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251559</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253862</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254211</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=135478&link_type=cbs">CBS 135478</ext-link>; CPC 19716</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Searsia laevigatum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A. Wood</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253508</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253028</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252554</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252065</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251560</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254212</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=135479&link_type=cbs">CBS 135479</ext-link>; CPC 19793</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Syzygium cordatum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">P.W. Crous</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253029</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252555</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252066</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251561</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254213</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 23103; MP11</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aesculus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.I.R. Videira</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253510</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253031</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252556</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252068</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251563</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253864</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254215</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. stachydicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128668&link_type=cbs">CBS 128668</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stachys riederi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253512</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253033</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252558</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252070</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251565</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253866</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254217</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. stachydis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109115&link_type=cbs">CBS 109115</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Campanula glomerata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253502</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253022</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252548</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252059</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251554</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253857</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254206</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102326&link_type=cbs">CBS 102326</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stachys sylvatica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253514</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253035</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252560</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252072</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251567</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253868</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254219</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102337&link_type=cbs">CBS 102337</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stachys sylvatica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253515</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253036</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252561</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252073</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251568</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253869</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254220</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109126&link_type=cbs">CBS 109126</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stachys sylvatica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253516</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253037</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252562</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252074</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251569</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253870</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254221</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109127&link_type=cbs">CBS 109127</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stachys sylvatica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253517</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253038</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252563</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252075</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251570</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253871</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254222</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123750&link_type=cbs">CBS 123750</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stachys</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253518</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253039</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252564</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252076</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251571</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253872</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254223</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123879&link_type=cbs">CBS 123879</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stachys</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Czech Republic</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253519</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253040</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252565</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252077</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251572</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253873</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254224</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=449.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 449.68</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stachys sylvatica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253520</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253041</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252566</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252078</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251573</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253874</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254225</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. astericola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=347.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 347.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aster canus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253295</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252820</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252349</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251852</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251348</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253652</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254000</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. stellariae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102376&link_type=cbs">CBS 102376</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stellaria media</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253521</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253042</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252567</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252079</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251574</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253875</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254226</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102378&link_type=cbs">CBS 102378</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stellaria media</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253522</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253043</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252568</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252080</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251575</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253876</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254227</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102410&link_type=cbs">CBS 102410</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Stellaria media</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253523</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253044</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252569</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252081</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251576</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253877</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254228</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. taraxaci</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=567.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 567.75</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Taraxacum</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Armenia</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253524</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253045</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252570</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252082</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251577</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253878</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254229</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. tinctoriae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129154&link_type=cbs">CBS 129154</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Serratula coronata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253525</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253046</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252571</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252083</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251578</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253879</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254230</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. tormentillae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128643&link_type=cbs">CBS 128643</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Potentilla fragarioides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253526</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253047</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252572</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252084</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251579</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253880</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254231</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128647&link_type=cbs">CBS 128647</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Potentilla fragarioides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253527</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253048</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252573</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252085</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251580</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253881</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254232</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. urticae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria glechomatis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102316&link_type=cbs">CBS 102316</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Glechoma hederacea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253528</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253049</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252574</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252086</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251581</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253882</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254233</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102371&link_type=cbs">CBS 102371</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Urtica dioica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253529</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253050</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252575</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252087</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251582</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253883</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254234</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102375&link_type=cbs">CBS 102375</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Urtica dioica</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253530</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253051</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252576</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252088</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251583</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253884</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254235</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. verbascicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102401&link_type=cbs">CBS 102401</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Verbascum nigrum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253531</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253052</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252577</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252089</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251584</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253885</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254236</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. verbenae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113438&link_type=cbs">CBS 113438</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Verbena officinalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253532</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253053</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252578</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252090</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251585</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253886</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254237</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113481&link_type=cbs">CBS 113481</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Verbena officinalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253533</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253054</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252579</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252091</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251586</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253887</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254238</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. villarsiae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=514.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 514.78</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nymphoides peltata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253534</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253055</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252580</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252092</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251587</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253888</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254239</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=565.88&link_type=cbs">CBS 565.88</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nymphoides peltata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253535</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253056</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252581</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252093</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251588</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253889</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254240</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=604.66&link_type=cbs">CBS 604.66</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nymphoides peltata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L. Marvanová</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253536</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253057</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252582</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252094</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251589</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253890</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254241</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sep. violae-palustris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128644&link_type=cbs">CBS 128644</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viola selkirkii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253537</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253058</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252583</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252095</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251590</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253891</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254242</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128660&link_type=cbs">CBS 128660</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viola yedoensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253538</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253059</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252584</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252096</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251591</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253892</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254243</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina abeliceae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria abeliceae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128591&link_type=cbs">CBS 128591</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zelkova serrata</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253539</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252585</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252097</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251592</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253894</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254245</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina aceris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=183.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 183.97</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253540</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252586</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252098</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251593</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253895</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254246</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=652.85&link_type=cbs">CBS 652.85</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253541</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253060</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252587</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252099</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251594</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253896</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254300</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=687.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 687.94</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253542</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253061</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252588</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252100</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251595</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253897</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254247</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina amelanchier</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=135110&link_type=cbs">CBS 135110</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Amelanchier</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.I.R. Videira</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253543</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253062</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252589</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252101</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251596</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253898</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254248</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 23107; MP9</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Betula</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.I.R. Videira</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253583</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253098</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252626</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252139</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251634</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253937</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254288</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 23105; MP22</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.I.R. Videira</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253544</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253063</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252590</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252102</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251597</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253899</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254249</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 23106; MP7</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Castanea</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.I.R. Videira</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253545</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253064</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252591</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252103</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251598</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253900</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254250</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina azaleae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria azaleae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128605&link_type=cbs">CBS 128605</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rhododendron</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253546</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253065</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252592</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252104</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251599</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253901</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254251</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria azaleae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=352.49&link_type=cbs">CBS 352.49</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rhododendron</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Belgium</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">J. van Holder</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253547</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253066</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252593</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252105</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251600</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253902</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254252</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina berberidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella berberidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=324.52&link_type=cbs">CBS 324.52</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Berberis vulgaris</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E. Müller</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253548</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253067</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252594</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252106</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251601</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253903</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254253</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina betulae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria betulae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116724&link_type=cbs">CBS 116724</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Betula pubescens</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scotland</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S. Green</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253549</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253068</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252595</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252107</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251602</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253904</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254254</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria betulae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128596&link_type=cbs">CBS 128596</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Betula platyphylla</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253550</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253069</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252596</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252108</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251603</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253905</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254255</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria betulae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128597&link_type=cbs">CBS 128597</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Betula schmidtii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253551</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253070</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252597</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252109</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251604</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253906</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254256</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria betulae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128600&link_type=cbs">CBS 128600</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Betula platyphylla</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253552</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253071</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252598</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252110</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251605</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253907</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254257</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina cercidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria provencialis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118910&link_type=cbs">CBS 118910</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">P.W. Crous</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253553</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253072</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252602</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252114</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251609</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253908</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254258</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria cercidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128634&link_type=cbs">CBS 128634</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cercis siliquastrum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253554</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253073</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252599</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252111</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251606</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253909</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254259</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria cercidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129151&link_type=cbs">CBS 129151</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cercis siliquastrum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253555</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253074</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252600</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252112</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251607</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253910</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254260</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria cercidis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=501.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 501.50</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cercis siliquastrum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G. van den Ende</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253556</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253075</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252601</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252113</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251608</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253911</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254261</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina cornicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria cornicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102324&link_type=cbs">CBS 102324</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cornus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A. van Iperen</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253557</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253076</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252603</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252115</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251610</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253912</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254262</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria comicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102332&link_type=cbs">CBS 102332</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cornus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A. van Iperen</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253558</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253077</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252604</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252116</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251611</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253913</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254263</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria cornicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116778&link_type=cbs">CBS 116778</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cornus sanguinea</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.Y. Rossman</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253559</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253078</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252117</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251612</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253914</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254264</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina frondicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria populi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.59</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus pyramidalis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253572</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252617</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252130</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251625</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253927</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254277</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina gei</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria gei</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102318&link_type=cbs">CBS 102318</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Geum urbanum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253560</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253079</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252605</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252118</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251613</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253915</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254265</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria gei</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128616&link_type=cbs">CBS 128616</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Geum japonicum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253561</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253080</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252606</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252119</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251614</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253916</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254266</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria gei</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128632&link_type=cbs">CBS 128632</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Geum japonicum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253562</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253081</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252607</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252120</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251615</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253917</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254267</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina hyperici</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria hyperici</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102313&link_type=cbs">CBS 102313</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hypericum</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253563</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253082</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252608</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252121</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251616</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253918</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254268</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina menispermi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria menispermi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128666&link_type=cbs">CBS 128666</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Menispermum dauricum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253564</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253083</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252609</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252122</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251617</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253919</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254269</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria menispermi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128761&link_type=cbs">CBS 128761</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Menispermum dauricum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253565</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253084</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252610</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252123</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251618</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253920</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254270</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina musiva</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria musiva</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130559&link_type=cbs">CBS 130559</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">J. LeBoldus</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253566</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252611</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252124</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251619</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253921</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254271</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria musiva</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130562&link_type=cbs">CBS 130562</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">J. LeBoldus</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253567</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253085</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252612</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252125</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251620</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253922</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254272</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria musiva</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130563&link_type=cbs">CBS 130563</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus deltoides</italic> × <italic>P. balsamifera</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">J. LeBoldus</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253568</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252613</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252126</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251621</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253923</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254273</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria musiva</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=130569&link_type=cbs">CBS 130569</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus deltoides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">J. LeBoldus</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253569</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253086</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252614</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252127</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251622</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253924</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254274</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina patriniae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria patriniae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128653&link_type=cbs">CBS 128653</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Patrinia scabiosaefolia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253570</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253087</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252615</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252128</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251623</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253925</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254275</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria patriniae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129153&link_type=cbs">CBS 129153</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Patrinia villosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253571</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253088</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252616</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252129</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251624</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253926</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254276</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina populicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella populicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=100042&link_type=cbs">CBS 100042</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Populus trichocarpa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G. Newcombe</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253573</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252618</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252131</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251626</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253928</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254278</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina quercicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria quercicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109009&link_type=cbs">CBS 109009</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus rubra</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253574</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253089</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252619</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252132</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251627</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253929</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254279</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria quercicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115016&link_type=cbs">CBS 115016</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus robur</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253575</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253090</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252620</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252133</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251628</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253930</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254280</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria quercicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115136&link_type=cbs">CBS 115136</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus robur</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253576</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253091</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252621</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252134</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251629</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253931</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254281</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria quercicola</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=663.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 663.94</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus robur</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.A. van der Aa</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253577</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253092</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252622</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252135</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251630</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253932</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254282</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina rhabdoclinis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothistroma rhabdoclinis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102195&link_type=cbs">CBS 102195</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pseudotsuga menziesii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H. Butin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253578</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253093</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252623</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252136</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251631</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254283</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina socia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria rosae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=355.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 355.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rosa</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253579</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253094</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252624</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252137</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251632</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253933</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254284</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria socia</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=357.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 357.58</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R. Schneider</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253580</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253095</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252625</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252138</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251633</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253934</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254285</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102063&link_type=cbs">CBS 102063</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Actinidia deliciosa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.F. Hill</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253581</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253096</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252627</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252140</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251635</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253935</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254286</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria lysimachiae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128758&link_type=cbs">CBS 128758</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lysimachia clethroides</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253582</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253097</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252628</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252141</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251636</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253936</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254287</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina tirolensis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria rubi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109017&link_type=cbs">CBS 109017</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus idaeus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253584</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253099</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252629</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252142</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251637</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253938</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254289</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella rubi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109018&link_type=cbs">CBS 109018</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus idaeus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253585</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253100</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252630</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252143</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251638</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253939</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254290</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina viciae</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131898&link_type=cbs">CBS 131898</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vicia amurense</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">H.D. Shin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253586</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253101</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252631</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252144</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251639</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253940</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254291</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sphaerulina westendorpii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria rubi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102327&link_type=cbs">CBS 102327</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253587</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253102</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252632</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252145</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251640</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253941</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254292</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella rubi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109002&link_type=cbs">CBS 109002</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus</italic> sp.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253588</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253103</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252633</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252146</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251641</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253942</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254293</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Septoria rubi</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=117478&link_type=cbs">CBS 117478</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus fruticosus</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.J.M. Verkley</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253589</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253104</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252634</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252147</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251642</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253943</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254294</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zymoseptoria brevis</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 18102</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phalaris paradoxa</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Iran</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Razavi</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253590</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252635</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252148</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251643</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253944</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254295</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 18107</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phalaris minor</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Iran</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Razavi</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253591</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252636</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252149</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251644</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253945</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254296</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zymoseptoria halophila</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128854&link_type=cbs">CBS 128854</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hordeum glaucum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Iran</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Razavi</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253592</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252150</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251645</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253946</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254297</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zymoseptoria tritici</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 18099</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Aegilops tauschii</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Iran</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M. Razavi</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253594</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252638</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252152</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251647</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253948</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254299</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=392.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 392.59</ext-link></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Triticum aestivum</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E. Becker</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253593</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252637</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF252151</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF251646</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF253947</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF254298</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>CBS: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands; CPC: Collection Pedro Crous, housed at CBS; S: William Quaedvlieg working collection (will be merged into the CPC collection); MP: Sandra Isabel Rodrigues Videira working collection (will be merged into the CPC collection).</p></fn><fn id="TFN2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>Act:: Actin, Cal: Calmodulin, EF: Translation elongation factor 1-alpha, RPB2: RNA polymerase II second largest subunit, Btub: β-tubulin LSU: 28S large subunit of the nrRNA gene and ITS: internal transcribed spacer regions of the nrDNA operon.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec></sec><sec id="S12"><title>Phylogeny</title><p id="P21">Basal to the seven-locus tree are the outgroup taxon <italic>Readeriella mirabilis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125000&link_type=cbs">CBS 125000</ext-link>), and a monophyletic group comprising 11 strains, viz. <italic>Dothistroma pini</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=121011&link_type=cbs">CBS 121011</ext-link>), <italic>D. septospora</italic>, (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=383.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 383.74</ext-link>), <italic>Passalora dissiliens</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=219.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 219.77</ext-link>), three <italic>Ramularia</italic> species (<italic>Mycosphaerella s. str.</italic>, see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> 2013</xref>) and three <italic>Zymoseptoria</italic> species, including its type species <italic>Z. tritici</italic> (syn. <italic>Mycosphaerella graminicola, Septoria tritici</italic>). The basal ingroup taxa include <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=619.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 619.72</ext-link> identified as <italic>Septoria oudemansii,</italic> a <italic>Pseudocercospora</italic> clade with six strains, and <italic>Cercosporella virgaureae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113304&link_type=cbs">CBS 113304</ext-link>). A well-supported cluster of two basal lineages (bootstrap support 100 %) comprises a cluster (100 %) of two isolates identified as <italic>S. gladioli</italic>, and a second cluster (100 %) containing 10 strains representing four septoria-like species that are all associated with leaf spots on plants of the family <italic>Caryophyllaceae</italic>, and for which the new generic name <italic>Caryophylloseptoria</italic> is proposed below. These include <italic>C. silenes</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109100&link_type=cbs">CBS 109100</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109103&link_type=cbs">109103</ext-link>), <italic>C. lychnidis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109098-109102&link_type=cbs">CBS 109098-109102</ext-link>), two isolates originating from <italic>Lychnis cognata</italic> in Korea for which the new species <italic>C. pseudolychnidis</italic> is proposed by Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128614&link_type=cbs">CBS 128614</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128630&link_type=cbs">128630</ext-link>), and two isolates of <italic>C. spergulae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=397.52&link_type=cbs">CBS 397.52</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109010&link_type=cbs">109010</ext-link>).</p><p id="P22">The remaining ingroup can be devided into a <italic>Sphaerulina</italic> clade (100 %, 51 strains including the basal strain of <italic>Sph. abeliceae</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128591&link_type=cbs">CBS 128591</ext-link>) and main <italic>Septoria</italic> clade (80 %, 259 strains) with, positioned in between smaller groups comprised of “<italic>Septoria</italic>” <italic>cruciatae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123747&link_type=cbs">CBS 123747</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123748&link_type=cbs">123748</ext-link>), a small pseudocercosporella-like clade comprising <italic>Passalora fusimaculans</italic> (CPC 17277), a clade with <italic>Passalora depressa</italic> (CPC 14915), <italic>“Mycosphaerella” brassicicola</italic> and affiliated taxa with <italic>Pseudocercosporella</italic> asexual morphs (100 %, 9 strains), and a miscellaneous clade containing “<italic>Passalora</italic>” sp. (100 %, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113989&link_type=cbs">CBS 113989</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113999&link_type=cbs">113999</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114275&link_type=cbs">114275</ext-link>), <italic>Passalora dioscoreae</italic> (CPC 10855, 11513), <italic>Pseudocercosporella magnusiana</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114735&link_type=cbs">CBS 114735</ext-link>), <italic>Passalora janseana</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=145.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 145.37</ext-link>), “<italic>Septoria erigerontis</italic>” (CPC 19485), and a <italic>Cercospora</italic> clade (100 %, 4 strains).</p><p id="P23">The <bold><italic>Sphaerulina</italic> clade</bold> comprises the aforementioned <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128591&link_type=cbs">CBS 128591</ext-link> identified as <italic>S. abelicaea</italic> (from <italic>Zelkova serrata</italic>) and <bold>clades 1 and 2.</bold> Clade 1 (100 %, 37 strains) includes at its base three strains of <italic>Sph. cornicola</italic>, the sister taxa <italic>Sph. betulae</italic> and <italic>S. westendorpii</italic> (syn. <italic>S. rubi</italic>) on <italic>Rubus fruticosus</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102327&link_type=cbs">CBS 102327</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109002&link_type=cbs">109002</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=117478&link_type=cbs">117478</ext-link>), and <italic>Sph. socia</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=355.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 355.58</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=357.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 357.58</ext-link>). The remainder of clade 1 contains a well-supported cluster of 25 strains with various species infecting herbaceous and woody hosts. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109017&link_type=cbs">CBS 109017</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=19018&link_type=cbs">19018</ext-link>, originating from <italic>Rubus idaeus</italic> in Austria, represent a species for which <italic>Sphaerulina tirolensis</italic> sp. nov. is introduced below. Furthermore this cluster contains <italic>Sphaerulina berberidis</italic> (syn. <italic>Mycosphaerella berberidis, S. berberidis</italic> Niessl), <italic>Sph. azaleae, Sph. hyperici, Sph. menispermi, Sph. patriniae, Sph. cercidis</italic>, and <italic>Sph. gei</italic>. Clade 2 (74 %, 13 strains) of the <italic>Sphaerulina</italic> clade includes only species infecting tree, the poplar pathogens <italic>Sph. populicola</italic> (syn. <italic>Mycosphaerella populicola</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=100042&link_type=cbs">CBS 100042</ext-link>), <italic>Sph. musiva</italic> (syn. <italic>Septoria musiva</italic>, four strains), and <italic>Sph. frondicola</italic> (syn. <italic>Mycosphaerella populi, S. populi</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.59</ext-link>), and furthermore <italic>Sphaerulina aceris</italic> (syn. <italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa, Phloeospora aceris</italic>, asexual morph <italic>S. aceris,</italic> three strains), which causes leaf spot on <italic>Acer</italic> spp., and <italic>Sph. quercicola</italic> (syn. <italic>S. querciola</italic>).</p><p id="P24">At the base of the <bold>main <italic>Septoria</italic> clade</bold>, a well-supported clade 3 (88 %, 16 strains) includes several species associated with hosts in the <italic>Apiaceae</italic>, viz., <italic>S. oenanthis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128667&link_type=cbs">CBS 128667</ext-link>) and <italic>S. oenanthicola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128649&link_type=cbs">CBS 128649</ext-link>; a new species proposed by Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>), <italic>S. sii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 118.96</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102369&link_type=cbs">102369</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102370&link_type=cbs">102370</ext-link>), and <italic>S. aegopodii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123740&link_type=cbs">CBS 123740</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123741&link_type=cbs">123741</ext-link>), and associated with other plant families, <italic>S. dearnessii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128624&link_type=cbs">CBS 128624</ext-link>), a cluster of two strains of <italic>S. lactucae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=352.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 352.58</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108943&link_type=cbs">108943</ext-link>) and <italic>S. sonchi</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128757&link_type=cbs">CBS 128757</ext-link>), <italic>S. campanulae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128589&link_type=cbs">CBS 128589</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128604&link_type=cbs">128604</ext-link>), <italic>S. mazi</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128656&link_type=cbs">CBS 128656</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128755&link_type=cbs">128755</ext-link>), and <italic>S. gentianae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128633&link_type=cbs">CBS 128633</ext-link>). In <bold>clade 4</bold> (100 %, 183 strains) <italic>S. bupleuricola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128601&link_type=cbs">CBS 128601</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128603&link_type=cbs">128603</ext-link>) and <italic>S. scabiosicola</italic> (100 %, 12 strains) occupy a basal position and <bold>subclades 4a-d</bold> can be distinguished. <bold>Subclade 4a</bold> (100 %, 46 strains) comprises of a group of 13 strains of miscellaneous host plants, mostly with smaller conidia, viz., two <italic>Solanum</italic> pathogens <italic>S. lycopersici</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.49&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.49</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128654&link_type=cbs">128654</ext-link>) and <italic>S. malagutii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=106.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 106.80</ext-link>), <italic>S. apiicola</italic> (4 strains), <italic>S. cucurbitacearum</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=178.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 178.77</ext-link>), and <italic>S. aridis</italic> (4 strains), and a second strain identified as <italic>S.posonniensis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128658&link_type=cbs">CBS 128658</ext-link>). <bold>Subclade 4b</bold> (100 %, 33 strains) harbours several taxa infecting <italic>Asteraceae</italic>, among others <italic>S. obesa</italic> (four strains), <italic>S. senecionis</italic> (three strains), <italic>S. putrida</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109087&link_type=cbs">CBS 109087</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109088&link_type=cbs">109088</ext-link>), <italic>S. leucanthemi</italic> (6 strains), <italic>S.cirsii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128621&link_type=cbs">CBS 128621</ext-link>), six strains of the <italic>S. chrysanthemella</italic> complex, <italic>S. exotica</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=163.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 163.78</ext-link>), and <italic>S. posoniensis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128645&link_type=cbs">CBS 128645</ext-link>). Furthermore this group of 33 comprises taxa with relatively large conidia capable of infecting <italic>Ranunculaceae</italic>, viz. <italic>S.lycoctoni, S. napelli</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109104-109106&link_type=cbs">CBS 109104-109106</ext-link>) from Austria and <italic>S. pseudonapelli</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128664&link_type=cbs">CBS 128664</ext-link>; a new species proposed by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> 2013</xref>) from Korea. It also includes <italic>S. lycopicola</italic> (128651), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128662&link_type=cbs">CBS 128662</ext-link> identified as <italic>S. stachydicola</italic> (probably misidentified), and two strains of <italic>S. astericola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128587&link_type=cbs">CBS 128587</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128593&link_type=cbs">128593</ext-link>). <bold>Subclade 4c</bold> (99 %, 15 strains) contains <italic>S. matricariae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109000&link_type=cbs">CBS 109000</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109001&link_type=cbs">109001</ext-link>), <italic>S. lamiicola</italic> (8 strains), <italic>S. anthrisci</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109019&link_type=cbs">CBS 109019</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109020&link_type=cbs">109020</ext-link>), and <italic>S. petroselini</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.44&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.44</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109521&link_type=cbs">109521</ext-link>), and <bold>subclade 4d</bold> (100 %, 103 strains) shows four subgroups, 4d-1-4. Basic to these are found <italic>S. dolichospora</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129152&link_type=cbs">CBS 129152</ext-link>) and <italic>S. helianthi</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 123.81</ext-link>). <bold>Subclade 4d-1</bold> (100 %, 45 strains) contains <italic>S.</italic> cf. <italic>stachydicola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128668&link_type=cbs">CBS 128668</ext-link>; see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> 2013</xref>), and many other species infecting herbaceous plants, among others <italic>S. stachydis</italic> (nine strains), <italic>S. phlogis</italic> (three strains), <italic>S. epambrosiae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128629&link_type=cbs">CBS 128629</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128636&link_type=cbs">128636</ext-link>), <italic>S. cerastii</italic> (five strains), <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic> (seven strains), <italic>S. stachydis</italic> (9 strains), <italic>S. epilobii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109084&link_type=cbs">CBS 109084</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109085&link_type=cbs">109085</ext-link>) and <italic>S. digitalis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.63</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=328.67&link_type=cbs">328.67</ext-link>). <bold>Subclade 4d-2</bold> (100 %, 35 strains) comprises among others <italic>S. polygonorum</italic> (six strains), <italic>S. urticae</italic> and <italic>S convolvuli</italic> (three strains each), <italic>S.villarsiae, S. crepidis</italic>, and <italic>S. codonopsidis</italic>. <bold>Subclade 4d-3</bold> (99 %, 11 strains) containing <italic>S. erigerontis</italic> (five strains), <italic>S. lysimachii</italic> (five strains), and <italic>S. saccardoi</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128756&link_type=cbs">CBS 128756</ext-link>). <bold>Subclade 4d-4</bold> (100 %, 9 strains) contains <italic>S. bothriospermi</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128592&link_type=cbs">CBS 128592</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128599&link_type=cbs">128599</ext-link>), <italic>S. tinctoriae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129154&link_type=cbs">CBS 129154</ext-link>), four strains identified as <italic>S. rubi</italic> that need to be re-named, and <italic>S.agrimoniicola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128585&link_type=cbs">CBS 128585</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128602&link_type=cbs">128602</ext-link>).</p><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Primer combinations used during this study for generic amplification and sequencing.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Locus</bold></th><th valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Primer</bold></th><th valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Primer sequence 5’ to 3’:</bold></th><th valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Annealing</bold><break></break><bold>temperature</bold><break></break><bold>(°C)</bold></th><th valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Orientation</bold></th><th valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Reference</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Translation elongation factor-1α</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EF1-728F</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CATCGAGAAGTTCGAGAAGG</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Forward</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Carbone & Kohn (1999)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EF-2</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GGARGTACCAGTSATCATGTT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reverse</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">O’Donnell <italic>et al</italic>. (1998)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">β-tubulin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">T1</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">AACATGCGTGAGATTGTAAGT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Forward</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">O’Donnell & Cigelnik (1997)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">β-Sandy-R</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GCRCGNGGVACRTACTTGTT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reverse</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stukenbrock <italic>et al</italic>. (2012)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">RNA polymerase II second largest subunit</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">fRPB2-5F</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GAYGAYMGWGATCAYTTYGG</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Forward</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Liu <italic>et al</italic>. (1999)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">fRPB2-414R</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ACMANNCCCCARTGNGWRTTRTG</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reverse</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R47">2011</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LSU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LSU1Fd</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GRATCAGGTAGGRATACCCG</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Forward</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crous <italic>et al</italic>. (2009a)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LR5</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">TCCTGAGGGAAACTTCG</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reverse</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vilgalys & Hester (1990)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ITS</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ITS5</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Forward</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">White <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R77">1990</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ITS4</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reverse</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">White <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R77">1990</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Actin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ACT-512F</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ATGTGCAAGGCCGGTTTCGC</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Forward</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Carbone & Kohn (1999)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ACT2Rd</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">ARRTCRCGDCCRGCCATGTC</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reverse</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Groenewald <italic>et al</italic>. (2012)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Calmodulin</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CAL-235F</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">TTCAAGGAGGCCTTCTCCCTCTT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Forward</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R48">2012</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">CAL2Rd</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">TGRTCNGCCTCDCGGATCATCTC</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reverse</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Groenewald <italic>et al</italic>. (2012)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float"><label>Table 3.</label><caption><p>Amplification success, phylogenetic data and the substitution models used in the phylogenetic analysis, per locus.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><colgroup span="1"><col align="left" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col><col align="center" valign="middle" span="1"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Locus</bold></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Act</bold></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Cal</bold></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>EF1</bold></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>RPB2</bold></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Btub</bold></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>ITS</bold></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>LSU</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amplification succes (%)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">99</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">97</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of characters</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">304</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">601</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">619</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">354</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">565</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">574</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">853</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unique site patterns</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">234</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">407</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">507</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">198</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">380</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">261</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">147</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Substitution model used</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GTR-I-gamma<hr></hr></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HKY-I-gamma<hr></hr></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GTR-I-gamma<hr></hr></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GTR-I-gamma<hr></hr></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">HKY-I-gamma<hr></hr></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GTR-I-gamma<hr></hr></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">GTR-I-gamma<hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of generations (1000×)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 197</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total number of trees (n)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 962</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sampled trees (n)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 222</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p id="P25">In <bold>clade 5</bold> (92 %, 63 strains) of the main <italic>Septoria</italic> clade two main clusters are found. At the base of the <bold>subclade 5a</bold> (77 %, 52 strains), two strains of <italic>S. clematidis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108983-4&link_type=cbs">CBS 108983-4</ext-link>) and <italic>Septoria</italic> sp. (CPC 19716) originating from <italic>Searsia laevigatum</italic> in South Africa. This cluster furthermore comprises three strains isolated from <italic>Hibiscus</italic> spp., viz., <italic>S. hibiscicola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128611&link_type=cbs">CBS 128611</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128615&link_type=cbs">128615</ext-link>) and <italic>S. abei</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128598&link_type=cbs">CBS 128598</ext-link>), and two main groups, one with <italic>S. anthurii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=148.41&link_type=cbs">CBS 148.41</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=346.58&link_type=cbs">346.58</ext-link>), <italic>S. sisyrinchii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112096&link_type=cbs">CBS 112096</ext-link>), the <italic>Chromolaena</italic> fungi <italic>S. chromolaenae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113373&link_type=cbs">CBS 113373</ext-link>) and <italic>S. ekmanniana</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113385&link_type=cbs">CBS 113385</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113612&link_type=cbs">113612</ext-link>), and <italic>S. passiflorae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102701&link_type=cbs">CBS 102701</ext-link>) and <italic>S. passifloricola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129431&link_type=cbs">CBS 129431</ext-link>), and a second group comprising at the base <italic>S. eucalyptorum</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118505&link_type=cbs">CBS 118505</ext-link>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">Crous <italic>et al</italic>. 2006b</xref>), and furthermore <italic>S. justiciae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128610&link_type=cbs">CBS 128610</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128625&link_type=cbs">128625</ext-link>, and CPC 12509), <italic>S. linicola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=316.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 316.37</ext-link>), <italic>S. cucubali</italic> (3 strains, including <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124874&link_type=cbs">CBS 124874</ext-link>, an endophytic isolate from <italic>Fagus</italic> leaf litter), <italic>S. lepidiicola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128635&link_type=cbs">CBS 128635</ext-link>) and and a partially unresolved cluster of 23 strains comprising the plurivorous <italic>S. protearum</italic> and <italic>S. citri</italic> complex. A small well-supported cluster (100 %) contains <italic>S. verbenae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113438&link_type=cbs">CBS 113438</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113481&link_type=cbs">113481</ext-link>), two unidentified species of <italic>Septoria</italic> (CPC 19304, from <italic>Vigna unguiculata</italic> subsp. <italic>sesquipedalis</italic> and CPC 19793, from <italic>Syzygium cordatum</italic>), and <italic>M. coacervata</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113391&link_type=cbs">CBS 113391</ext-link>). <bold>Subclade 5b</bold> (100 %, 11 strains) comprises <italic>S. helianthicola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 122.81</ext-link>), three strains of <italic>S. stellariae</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=503.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 503.76</ext-link> identified as <italic>S. acetosae</italic>, three strains of <italic>S. astragali</italic>, “<italic>Cercospora</italic> sp.” (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112737&link_type=cbs">CBS 112737</ext-link>), and furthermore <italic>S. hippocastani</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=411.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 411.61</ext-link> and MP11).</p><p id="P26">Examining the distribution of host families throughout the tree, an interesting disjunct pattern is found for the families that are represented by more than a few specimens (see legend in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>). For example, the 28 species infecting <italic>Asteraceae</italic> are found in all clades and most subclades of the tree, including <italic>Sphaerulina</italic>; nine species infecting <italic>Apiaceae</italic> are found in clade 3 and subclades 4a-d of <italic>Septoria</italic>; 10 species of <italic>Rosaceae</italic> in <italic>Septoria</italic> clades 4, 5 and <italic>Sphaerulina</italic> (clades 1 and 2); six species infecting <italic>Lamiaceae</italic> are dispersed in subclades 4b, c, and d-1.</p><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Fig. 2.</label><caption><p>Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 17 222 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the combined seven loci sequence alignment using MrBayes v. 3.2.1. Bayesian posterior probabilities values are indicated on their respective branches and the scale bar indicates 0.2 expected changes per site. The tree was rooted to <italic>Readeriella mirabilis</italic> (<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic>) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125000&link_type=cbs">CBS 125000</ext-link>). The family of the host plant from which the strain was isolated is indicated for 12 most prevalently occurring host families in our dataset (colour bar according to the legend).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig2A"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="213fig2B"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="213fig2C"></graphic></fig></sec></sec><sec id="S13"><title>TAXONOMY</title><p id="P27"><bold><italic>Caryophylloseptoria</italic></bold> Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>gen. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804469&link_type=mb">MB804469</ext-link>.</p><p id="P28"><italic>Etymology</italic>: Named after the plant family on which these taxa occur, <italic>Caryophyllaceae</italic>.</p><p id="P29"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous or predominantly epiphyllous, globose to subglobose, or slightly depressed, with a central ostiolum. <italic>Conidiomatal wall</italic> composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> or <italic>globulosa-angularis. Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently 1-many times with indistinct annellations, or (in addition) proliferating sympodially. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight, curved or flexuous, multiseptate, not or somewhat constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several oil-droplets and granular material in each cell.</p><p id="P30"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Caryophylloseptoria lychnidis</italic> (Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous.</p><p id="P31"><bold><italic>Caryophylloseptoria lychnidis</italic></bold> (Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804470&link_type=mb">MB804470</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Fig. 3</xref>.</p><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Fig. 3.</label><caption><p><italic>Caryophylloseptoria lychnidis</italic>. A. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109098&link_type=cbs">CBS 109098</ext-link>, colony on OA. B. Ibid., on CMA. C. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109098&link_type=cbs">CBS 109098</ext-link>). D. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109098&link_type=cbs">CBS 109098</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig3"></graphic></fig><p id="P32"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Septoria lychnidis</italic> Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 11: 347. 1849.</p><p id="P33">For extended synonymy see Shin & Sameva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">2004</xref>).</p><p id="P34">Description <italic>in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots circular, whitish to pale yellow, surrounded by a brown border; <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, several in each leaf spot, globose to subglobose, dark brown, semi-immersed, 50-100(-120) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular, 25-45 μm wide, later more irregular and up to 100 μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous or somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-20μm thick, composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, the cells 3-5 μm diam, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells with hyaline and thinner walls; <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, cylindrical and tapering gradually towards the apex, or narrowly ampulliform with a relatively wide and long neck, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently 1-many times with indistinct annellations, rarely also proliferating sympodially, 6-17.5(-22) × 3-4(-5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight, more often slightly curved or flexuous, with a narrowly to broadly rounded, sometimes more distinctly pointed apex, towards the broadly truncate base barely attenuated, (0-)3-5(-7)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several oil-droplets and minute granular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (22-)39-75(-85) × 2-3 μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P35"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA (3-)4-6 mm diam in 12 d (7-11 mm in 3 wk), with an even, pure yellow to straw, glabrous margin, the pigment diffusing into the surrounding medium; colonies spreading, but in the centre quite distinctly elevated, immersed mycelium pure yellow to straw, later locally citrine-green or citrine; after 10-15 d darkened by numerous immersed or superficial pycnidia arranged in random patterns, the outer wall of the superficial pycinidia entirely covered by white to glaucous hyphae, tardily releasing initially buff to straw, later salmon conidial slime; reverse pure yellow, but centre olivaceous and citrine to greenish olivaceous after 3 wk. After incubation over about 7 wk olivaceous-black sectors become visible in the colony consisting mostly of immersed strands of dark-walled hyphae, alternating with yellow sectors; some colonies develop wider sectors that remain yellow above, but more ochreous on reverse. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 4-6 mm diam in 12 d (9-12 mm in 3 wk), as on OA, but sporulating earlier. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 2-4 mm diam in 12 d (5-7(-9) mm in 3 wk; 17-24 mm in 7 wk), with an even to ruffled, colourless to buff, glabrous margin; no diffusing pigment seen; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate up to 3 mm high, the surface dark, blackish or chestnut, covered by a short, dense mat of white to glaucous-grey, after 7 wk straw to pale yellow, aerial mycelium; conidiomata releasing droplets, later larger masses of first whitish, then salmon conidial slime; reverse brown-vinaceous in the centre, surrounded by hazel or cinnamon areas. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 4.5 mm diam in 3 wk (24 mm in 7 wk); colony as on MEA, but the surface almost entirely hidden under a dense mat of woolly, white aerial mycelium, locally with a pure yellow to straw haze which later becomes more intense, and a yellowish pigment diffusing into the surrounding medium; reverse umber to sienna; densely aggregated superficial conidiomata in the centre releasing masses of amber to pale salmon conidial slime. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, as <italic>in planta</italic>, but somewhat larger, 70-145 μm diam, mostly single, sometimes merged into complexes, without differentiated ostiolum; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, proliferating percurrently with distinct annellations or sympodially, 8.5-25 × 3.5-6 μm; <italic>conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight, slightly curved or flexuous, with a rounded apex, lower part barely attenuated into a broad truncate base, (0-)1-5-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, with several oil-droplets and minute granular material in each cell, (44-)77-94.5 × (2-)2.5-3 μm.</p><p id="P36"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Lychnis</italic> spp. and <italic>Silene</italic> spp. (incl. <italic>Melandrium</italic>).</p><p id="P37"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Inntal, near Telfs, on living leaves of <italic>Silene pratensis</italic> (syn. <italic>M. album</italic>), 4 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1047, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21161&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21161</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109098&link_type=cbs">CBS 109098</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109102&link_type=cbs">109102</ext-link>; same loc., host, date, G. Verkley 1048, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21162&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21162</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109099&link_type=cbs">CBS 109099</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109101&link_type=cbs">109101</ext-link>; <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Hilversum, on living leaves of <italic>Silene dioica</italic> (syn. <italic>Melandrium rubrum</italic>), 22 June 1985, H.A. van der Aa 9524, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18112&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18112</ext-link>.</p><p id="P38"><italic>Notes</italic>: This fungus has been reported from several species of <italic>Lychnis</italic> and <italic>Silene</italic> (including <italic>Melandrium</italic>), and the size ranges of conidia given by various authors differ considerably. In the original description by Desmazières, the fungus was characterised as having 5-7-septate conidia, measuring 50-70 ×2.5-3 μm, in widely opening pycnidia. Diedicke (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">1915</xref>) gave the same spore measurements, but Grove (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R25">1935</xref>) reported 30-50 × 2-3 μm, while Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) gave different ranges on different hosts (overall extremes 27-72 × 2-3 μm). Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">1973</xref>) reported 30-76 × 2.2-3.3 μm, and Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) 26-93.5 × 1.5-3.2 μm. The characters of the Austrian material studied here generally agree well with previous records, and the range of conidial sizes agrees best with that given by Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>). The authors cited above have listed various names as synonyms of <italic>S. lychnidis</italic>, including <italic>S. lychnidis</italic> var. <italic>pusilla</italic> (= <italic>S. pusilla</italic>). Two strains isolated from <italic>Lychnis cognata</italic> in South Korea (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128614&link_type=cbs">CBS 128614</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128630&link_type=cbs">128630</ext-link>) first also identitifed as <italic>S. lychnidis,</italic> were shown by sequence analyses to belong to a distinct species, for which the name <italic>C. pseudolychnidis</italic> is introduced by Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>).</p><p id="P39"><bold><italic>Caryophylloseptoria silenes</italic></bold> (Westend.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804471&link_type=mb">MB804471</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Fig. 4</xref>.</p><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Fig. 4.</label><caption><p><italic>Caryophylloseptoria silenes</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109100&link_type=cbs">CBS 109100</ext-link>. A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21160&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21160</ext-link>). E. Ibid., on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109100&link_type=cbs">CBS 109100</ext-link>). F-G. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109100&link_type=cbs">CBS 109100</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig4"></graphic></fig><p id="P40"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Septoria silenes</italic> Westend., in Westendorp & Wallays, Herb. crypt. Belge, Fasc. 19, no 955. 1854; Bull. Acad. R. Belg. Cl. Sci., Sér. 2, 2: 575. 1857.</p><p id="P41"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots circular or elliptical, pale yellow to pale brown, surrounded by a dark purplish border; <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, amphigenous but predominately epiphyllous, numerous in each leaf spot, globose to subglobose, immersed, 50-80(-100) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular, 20-45 μm wide, later more irregular and up to 50 μm wide, surrounding cells somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> only 10-15 μm thick, composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls and 4-7.5 μm diam, the inner cells hyaline and thin-walled and 3.5-5 μm diam; <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, ampuliform, or cylindrical and widest near the apex, hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently 1-several times with distinct scars (annellations), sympodial proliferation not observed, 4-10 × 3-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, with a rounded apex, lower part attenuated more or less abruptly into a broad truncate base, (0-)1(-4)-septate, somewhat constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several oil-droplets in each cell in the living state, with conspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, 21-37 × 2-3.5(-4) μm (rehydrated; in turgescent state up to 4.5 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P42"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 7-9 mm diam in 12 d (7-10 mm in 3 wk; 21-23 mm in 7 wk), with an even, later undulating, pure yellow to luteous, glabrous margin, the pigment diffusing into the medium around the colony; colonies spreading, but in the centre quite distinctly elevated, immersed mycelium luteous to ochreous-orange, darkened by numerous simple, first brownish, then black pycnidia arranged in concentric patterns, releasing droplets of initally milky white, later pale pure yellow conidial slime; immersed mycelium later mostly luteous to sienna, much darker after 7 wk; most of the colony covered by a high, woolly-floccose mat of pale grey, later straw to pure yellow aerial mycelium; reverse luteous, in the centre umber, ultimately becoming almost black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 5-7 mm diam in 12 d (7-9 mm in 3 wk; 18-19 mm in 7 wk), as on OA, but immersed mycelium and (more scarce) aerial mycelium more intensely pigmented, immersed mycelium appearing rust to sienna after 3, but mostly black after 7 wk, and conidial slime earlier pure yellow. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 3-5 mm diam in 12 d (5-9 mm in 3 wk; 17-20 mm in 7 wk), with a ruffled, yellowish, glabrous margin; diffusing yellow pigment distinct around the colony; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate up to 3 mm high, the surface dark, blackish or chestnut, covered by a short, dense, almost pruinose mat of grey to pure yellow aerial mycelium; conidiomata releasing droplets of initially pale pure yellow, later almost amber conidial slime; reverse chestnut or blood. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 3.5-5 mm diam in 12 d (7-8 mm in 3 wk; 12-17 mm in 7 wk), with an even or irregular margin, mostly hidden underneath white aerial hyphae; yellow pigment very clear diffusing beyond the colony margin after 3 wk; colonies restricted, conical or hemispherical, the surface very dark, but mostly covered by a dense mat of woolly, initially white, then pure yellow aerial mycelium; reverse sienna to fulvous. Sporulating scarcely after 3, but more intensely after 7 wk, cirrhi or droplets of pale pure yellow, later amber conidial slime released by superficial conidiomata.</p><p id="P43"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, as <italic>in planta</italic>, but larger, 90-155 μm diam, mostly single, sometimes merged into complexes with several ostioli; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but often with a more elongated neck, proliferating percurrently with distinct annellations or sympodially, 7-17 × 3-5 μm; <italic>conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, with a rounded apex, lower part attenuated more or less abruptly into a broad truncate base, (0-)1-3(-4)-septate, somewhat constricted around the septa, hyaline, with several oil-droplets in each cell, (24-)26.5-35(-42) × 3-4(-5) μm.</p><p id="P44"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Silene</italic> spp.</p><p id="P45"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Horlachtal, Mühl near Niederthai, alt. 1500 m, on living leaves of <italic>Siline nutans</italic>, 3 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1041, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21160&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21160</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109100&link_type=cbs">CBS 109100</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109103&link_type=cbs">109103</ext-link>.</p><p id="P46"><italic>Notes</italic>: Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) examined type material from BR in Westend., Herb. crypt. Belge 955, on <italic>Silene armeria</italic>. He reported that among numerous immature pycnidia were a few thin-walled pycnidia with 0-septate conidia measuring 21-24 × 2-2.5 μm, but in his opinion there was no doubt that collections from other hosts like <italic>Silene cucubalus</italic> (= <italic>S. inflata</italic>), and from <italic>Silene rupestris</italic> with predominantly 1-septate spores up to 31 μm in length belonged to the same species. In the material collected in Austria, we have observed predominantly 1-septate conidia, but conidial length did vary in different fruitbodies: some pycnidia produced conidia 21-28 μm in length, others conidia measuring 26-37 μm in length. However, isolates from these pycnidia were similar in colony characters and conidia produced did not show such differences in size range.</p><p id="P47">Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) noted that there are at least two taxa of <italic>Septoria</italic> occurring on <italic>Silene</italic>, a short-spored taxon represented by <italic>S. silenes</italic>, and a long-spored taxon for which the name <italic>S. silenicola</italic> applies. This author referred all collections from Australia on this host genus to <italic>S. silenicola,</italic> for which conidia measure (34-)48-65(-85) × 2-2.5(-3) μm.</p><p id="P48">As pointed out by Petrak (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R37">1925</xref>) and Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), several of the <italic>Septoria</italic> described on <italic>Silene</italic> spp. (and <italic>Melandrium</italic>) are likely to be conspecific with <italic>S. silenes. Septoria dominii</italic> Bubák 1905 was already placed in the synonymy of <italic>S. silenes</italic> by Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), and the same could be correct for <italic>S. dimera</italic> from <italic>Silene nutans</italic>. According to the original diagnosis, the conidia of <italic>S. dimera</italic> are 1-septate and measure 28-32 × 4 μm. Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">1973</xref>) and Markevičius & Treigienė (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R33">2003</xref>) treated <italic>S. dimera</italic> as a separate species next to <italic>S. silenes</italic>, reporting measurements for conidia of <italic>S. dimera</italic> as 25-40 × 3-4 μm, and 21-35 × 3.2-4.3 μm, respectively. Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) also treated <italic>S. dimera,</italic> reporting conidial measurements 26-65 × 2.5-4 μm, but they included material from <italic>Silene</italic> spp. and <italic>Cucubalus baccifer</italic>.</p><p id="P49"><bold><italic>Caryophylloseptoria spergulae</italic> (</bold>Westend.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804472&link_type=mb">MB804472</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Fig. 5</xref>.</p><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Fig. 5.</label><caption><p><italic>Caryophylloseptoria spergulae</italic>. A, B. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109010&link_type=cbs">CBS 109010</ext-link>. A. On OA. B. On MEA. C. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21150&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21150</ext-link>). D-H. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109010&link_type=cbs">CBS 109010</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig5"></graphic></fig><p id="P50"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Septoria spergulae</italic> Westend., in Westendorp & Wallays, Herb. crypt. Belge, Fasc. 23-24, no. 1155. 1857; Bull. Acad. R. Belg. Cl. Sci., Sér. 2, 2: 576. 1857.</p><p id="P51"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: Symptoms absent. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, black, in dense groups on dead stems and leaves, only partly immersed in the host tissue, globose or slightly depressed, (50-)75-150 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> circular, central, 10-12.5 μm wide, without distinctly differentiated cells; <italic>pycnidial wall</italic> with an outer layer of <italic>textura globulosa-angularis</italic> containing cells 8-12 μm diam with brown walls, thickened unevenly up to 3μm, and an inner layer of <italic>textura globulosa-angularis</italic> containing cells 5-8 μm diam with hyaline or pale brown walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, ampuliform, or elongated ampulliform with a distinct neck, hyaline or very pale brown near the base, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently 1-many times with indistinct annellations, also sympodially, 5-10(-16) × 3-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, regularly curved, or abruptly bent in the lower cell, gradually attenuated to the rounded apex, gradually or more abruptly attenuated into a truncate base, 1(-2)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septum, hyaline, contents rich in small guttulae, minutely granular material and large vacuoles in the living state, oil-droplets merged into larger guttules in the rehydrated state, (18-)24-33 (-40) × 2.0-2.5(-3.0) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P52"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA less than 2 mm diam after 2 wk (6-8 mm in 28 d), restricted, though not much elevated, with an even, colourless, glabrous margin; colony surface covered by a dense continuous or discontinuous mat of grey, finely felted to somewhat woolly, low aerial mycelium, agar around the colony showing a yellow diffusing pigment; immersed mycelium pale luteous to saffron, reverse concolorous, but olivaceous-black under areas with well-developed aerial mycelium or conidiomata. Colony sporulating in the centre after about 2 wk, with spores in large pale salmon droplets oozing from pycnidioid complexes. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 8-10 mm diam in 28 d, as on OA, but immersed mycelium soon darkening and olivaceous-black, while the aerial mycelium is somewhat more greenish, and the mat denser and more continuous; reverse olivaceous-black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 5 mm diam in 2 wk (8-10 mm in 28 d), restricted, with an even, buff, glabrous margin; colony surface black, but with a diffuse mat of greyish white, often with some sulphur yellow (centre), woolly aerial mycelium; fruitbodies developing tardily on the colony surface, sporulating with large, dirty white to pale reddish masses in watery droplets; reverse dark brick to olivaceous-black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 7-9 mm diam in 2 wk, as on MEA, but aerial mycelium higher and denser, in the centre also conspicuously yellowish-pale citrine. No sporulation observed.</p><p id="P53"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> mostly olivaceous-brown, irregular merged complexes of initially closed, but soon widely opening stromata, only rarely pycnidial and structurally similar to those on the natural substratum. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, ampuliform, or elongated ampulliform with a relatively long neck, hyaline or very pale brown near the base, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently 1-many times with indistinct annellations, also sympodially, mostly after one or more percurrent proliferations, 7-14(-22) × 3-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> on OA hyaline, pale salmon in mass, cylindrical and regularly curved, or abruptly bent in the lower or upper cell, gradually attenuated to the rounded apex, more abruptly attenuated into a truncate base, contents granular with large vacuoles, 1(-3)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, contents rich in minute guttulae and granular material, 25.5-41 × (2.0-)2.5-3.0(-4.5) μm.</p><p id="P54"><italic>Hosts</italic>: On dead leaves and stems of <italic>Spergula</italic> spp.</p><p id="P55"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Belgium</bold>, Beverloo, on dry leaves and stems of <italic>Spergula arvensis</italic>, M. Torquinet <italic>s.n.</italic>, <bold>isotype</bold> BR-MYCO 159328-54, also distributed in Westendorp & Wallay, Herb.crypt.Belg., Fasc. 23-24: no.1155. <bold>Germany</bold>, Brandenburg, Kreis Nieder-Barnim, near Prenden, on leaves and stems of <italic>Spergula vernalis</italic>, 24 July 1920, H. & P. Sydow <italic>s.n.</italic>, distributed in Sydow, Mycotheca germanica 1688, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-4765&link_type=cbs">CBS H-4765</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, on <italic>Dianthus caryophyllus</italic>, Schouten <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=397.52&link_type=cbs">CBS 397.52</ext-link> (sub <italic>S. dianthi</italic> Desm.); Prov. Gelderland, ‘t Harde, Doornspijkse Heide, De Zanden, on decaying leaves of <italic>Spergula morisonii</italic>, A. Aptroot 48300, 13 June 2000, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21150&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21150</ext-link> “MBT175350”, living culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109010&link_type=cbs">CBS 109010</ext-link>.</p><p id="P56"><italic>Notes</italic>: This fungus was originally described from dry leaves and stems of <italic>Spergula arvensis</italic> by Westendorp, who described the conidia as 30 × 2.5 μm. The type from BR is well-preserved and rich in fruitbodies on leaves and stems, where conidia are 1(-2)-septate, 20-38 × 2-2.5(-3) μm. The collection Aptroot 48300 from <italic>Spergula morisonii</italic> agrees in morphology and can be identified as conspecific, although it contains a larger proportion of 2-septate conidia (that are mostly 30-40 μm long) than in the type. The material on <italic>Spergula vernalis</italic> that was distributed as Mycotheca germanica 1688 morphologically also agrees with these collections.</p><p id="P57">Other names were later introduced for <italic>Septoria</italic> on members of the plant genus <italic>Spergularia</italic> (= <italic>Alsine</italic>), which is closely related to <italic>Spergula</italic>: <italic>S. alsines</italic> Rostr. 1903 from <italic>Spergularia</italic> sp., conidia 20-31 × 2-3 μm formed in 55-120 μm wide pycnidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">Teterevnikova-Babayan 1987</xref>; conidia 20-25 × 2-3 μm and 3-septate, in the original diagnosis of Rostrup 1903, based on material from <italic>Alsine verna</italic> non <italic>Spergula vernalis</italic>), <italic>S. spergulariae</italic> 1903, on <italic>Spergularia rubra</italic> (conidia 30-45 × 2.5-3 μm, “multiseptate”), <italic>S. vandasii</italic> 1906, on <italic>Alsine glomerata</italic>, and <italic>S. spergularina</italic> 1945, on <italic>Spergularia longipes</italic> (no conidial measurements available). Some of these names could be synonymous with <italic>S. spergulae</italic> or perhaps <italic>S. alsines</italic>, but in order to corroborate this, new material needs to be collected and compared to the types. According to Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>), <italic>S. alsines</italic> differs from <italic>S. spergulae</italic> in conidial shape in that the conidial base is more truncate than in <italic>S. spergulae</italic>, and in that it is capable of also killing <italic>Minuartia glomerata. Rhabdospora alsines</italic> Mont. 1892, which was described from dead stems of <italic>Alsine tenuifolia</italic>, is unlikely to be conspecific with <italic>S. spergulae</italic>, as its conidia were described as 16-18 × 2 μm and 1-septate.</p><p id="P58">Muthumary (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">1999</xref>) studied type material of <italic>S. dianthi</italic> 1849 (PC 344) and by the drawings he made of it the conidia of this fungus and those of <italic>S. spergulae</italic> appear very similar in shape. Muthumary reported that the conidia of <italic>S. dianthi</italic> were 32-48 (av. 40) × 3-4 (av. 3) μm, and mostly 1-, rarely 2-septate. Given these measurements, on average, the conidia in the type of <italic>S. dianthi</italic> are clearly longer than in <italic>S. spergulae</italic> (on average below or around 30). Moreover, <italic>S. dianthi</italic> is a fungus causing leaf spots on several <italic>Dianthus</italic> spp., while <italic>S. spergulae</italic> is only known from dry and dead host tissues, and is therefore believed to be saprobic (and possibly endophytic). <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109010&link_type=cbs">CBS 109010</ext-link> and the only strain available for <italic>S. dianthi</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=397.52&link_type=cbs">CBS 397.52</ext-link>) show 100 % sequence homology of the LSU, ITS, Btub and Cal, while there are only minor differences in Act (99.25 %), EF (97.54 %), and RPB2 (99.42 %). Further work is required to establish that <italic>S. dianthi</italic> and <italic>S. spergulae</italic> are truely distinct taxa.</p><p id="P59"><bold><italic>Septoria</italic></bold> Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 474. 1884. nom. cons.</p><p id="P60"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>S. cytisi</italic> Desm.</p><p id="P61">A generic description is provided by Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>, this volume).</p><p id="P62"><bold><italic>Septoria aegopodii</italic></bold> Desm. ex J. Kickx, Pl. Crypt. Fland. 1: 427. 1876 [Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 6, 7: no 616. 1878?]. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 6</xref>.</p><fig id="F6" position="float"><label>Fig. 6.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria aegopodii</italic>. A-E. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic>. A-C. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21262&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21262</ext-link>. D, E. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21199&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21199</ext-link>. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig6"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria podagrariae</italic> Lasch, in Rabenh., Herb. mycol. I, no 458. 1843. nomen nudum.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Sphaeria podagrariae</italic> Roth, Catal. Bot. 1: 230. 1797.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Mycosphaerella podagrariae</italic> (Roth: Fr.) Petr., Annls mycol. 19 (3/4): 203. 1921.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Cryptosporium aegopodii</italic> Preuss, Linnaea 24: 719 (Fungi Hoyersw., no. 322). 1853.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phloeospora aegopodii</italic> (Preuss) Grove, British Stem- and Leaf-fungi (Coelomycetes) 1: 434. 1935.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Septoria aegopodii</italic> (Preuss) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 529. 1884 [non Desm. 1878].</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>?= <italic>Septoria podagrariae</italic> var. <italic>pimpinellae-magnae</italic> Kabát & Bubák, in Bubák & Kabát, Ber. naturw.-med. Ver. Innsbruck 30: 19-36 (extr. 11). 1906.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Mycosphaerella aegopodii</italic> Potebnia, Annls mycol. 8(1): 49. 1910.</p></list-item></list><p id="P63"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots numerous but small, angular and delimited by veinlets, visible on both sides of the leaf, white to pale yellow. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, developing soon after first discolouration of the host tissue, predominantly epiphyllous, mostly also visible from the underside of the lesion, several scattered in each leaf spot, globose to subglobose, pale to dark brown (drying black), immersed, 125-190 μm diam, releasing conidia in white cirrhi; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular and 17-35 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 100 μm wide, surrounding cells dark brown, with thickened cell walls; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> except for the part surrounding the ostiolum poorly developed, about 10-20 μm thick, composed of pale brown to hyaline angular cells 3.5-8 μm diam with thin walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, cylindrical to narrowly or broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, 8-15(-18) × 2.5-4.5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform-cylindrical, straight, curved to somewhat flexuous, attenuated gradually to a relatively broadly rounded apex and broadly truncate base often provided with a collar of gelatinous material, (0-)1-2(-3)-septate (second and later septa very thin and easily overlooked), not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with numerous minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (30-)55-95(-115) × 3.5-4 μm (living; 30-72(-80) × 2.5-4 μm, rehydrated).</p><p id="P64"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: All attempts to grow the isolates from conidia failed. Some conidia germinated at the apical cells, but mycelia died within 1-2 d after germination.</p><p id="P65"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Aegopodium podagraria</italic> and <italic>Pimpinella</italic> sp.</p><p id="P66"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Ötz near Habichen, on living leaves of <italic>Pimpinella</italic> sp., 24 July 2000, G. Verkley 1001, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21187&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21187</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Overijssel, Losser, in garden at Mollenbergstraat, on living leaves of <italic>Aegopodium podagraria</italic>, June 1999, G. Verkley 800, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21192&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21192</ext-link>; same substr., Prov. Overijssel, Losser, Arboretum Poort-Bulten, June 1999, G. Verkley 801, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21193&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21193</ext-link>; same substr., Prov. Utrecht, ‘s Graveland, Gooilust, 5 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 916, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21199&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21199</ext-link>; same substr., Prov. Limburg, St. Jansberg, near Plasmolen, 9 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 931, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21211&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21211</ext-link>; same substr., Prov. Zeeland, Zuid-Beveland, Community of Borsele, Schouwersweel near Nisse, 27 Aug. 2001, G. Verkley 1116, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21165&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21165</ext-link>; same substr., Prov. Utrecht, Soest, 29 July 2008, G. Verkley 5020, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21262&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21262</ext-link>.</p><p id="P67"><italic>Notes</italic>: This species is common on <italic>Aegopodium podagraria</italic>, especially on plants growing under less favourable conditions. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) noted that in autumn the pycnidia are commonly accompanied by immature perithecia (or by “sclerotia”) of <italic>Mycosphaerella aegopodii</italic> in Sweden, but we have not found any in The Netherlands. According to van der Aa (pers. comm.), the sexual morph only matures in montane habitats. Aptroot (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2006</xref>), who studied herbarium specimens collected at high altitudes in several localities in Europe also did not observe any mature ascomata. Type material of <italic>M. podagrariae</italic> could not be located (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">Aptroot 2006</xref>). Simon <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R58">2009</xref>) studied the cellular interactions between <italic>M. podagrariae</italic> and <italic>Aegopodium podagraria</italic> based on German material (no cultures preserved).</p><p id="P68">We have not seen the type of <italic>S. podagrariae</italic> var. <italic>pimpinellae-magnae</italic> 1906 described from <italic>Pimpinella magna</italic> (= <italic>P. major</italic>?) in Tirol, but since the conidial characters given by Saccardo & Trotter (1913, 45-60 × 2.5-4 μm, 3-septate) are well within the range of <italic>S. aegopodii</italic>, it is placed here tentatively as a synonym. On <italic>Pimpinella</italic>, eight other <italic>Septoria</italic> species or varieties have been described in the literature, but these could not be studied here. The oldest available name would be <italic>S. pimpinellae</italic> Ellis 1893 (later homonyms Laubert 1920 and Hollós 1926). According to the diagnoses the conidial sizes described for these taxa largely overlap, and range from 15-35 × 1-1.5(-2) μm, thus all considerably smaller than in <italic>S. aegopodii</italic>.</p><p id="P69"><bold><italic>Septoria aegopodina</italic></bold> Sacc., Michelia 1: 185. 1878. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 7</xref>.</p><fig id="F7" position="float"><label>Fig. 7.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria aegopodina</italic>. A, B. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123740&link_type=cbs">CBS 123740</ext-link>. A. On OA. B. On MEA. C-F. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21249&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21249</ext-link>). G. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21249&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21249</ext-link>). H, I. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123741&link_type=cbs">CBS 123741</ext-link>). J. Conidia on MEA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123740&link_type=cbs">CBS 123740</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig7"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria aegopodina</italic> var. <italic>villosa</italic> Gonz. Frag., Assoc. españ. Progr. Cienc. Congr. Oporto, 6. Cienc. natur.: 47. 1921.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria aegopodina</italic> var. <italic>trailii</italic> Grove, British Stem-and Leaf-Fungi (Coelomycetes) 1: 396. 1935.</p></list-item></list><p id="P70"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots numerous, indefinite and soon covering large parts of the leaf lamina, visible on both sides of the leaf, first yellow then pale orange-brown. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, predominantly hypophyllous, scattered or gregarious, globose to subglobose, pale to dark brown, immersed, 90-160 μm diam, releasing conidia in white cirrhi; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular and 15-25 μm wide, surrounded by cells with dark brown to almost black, thickened walls; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-28 μm thick, composed of an outer cell layer of pale brown to hyaline isodiametric angular or globose cells, 3.5-8 μm diam with thickened walls, and an inner layer of one or more hyaline cells with not or only slightly thickened walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, mostly broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, rarely proliferating sympodially, possibly also percurrently but no annellations visible, 4-7(-8) × 3-4.5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to filiform-cylindrical, straight or curved, attenuated gradually to a narrowly rounded to somewhat pointed apex, and attenuated gradually or more abruptly to a narrowly truncate base, (0-)1-3-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, with numerous minute and several larger oil-droplets in each cell in the living state, and minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (22-)30-42.5 × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P71"><italic>Description in vitro</italic> (20 °C, diffuse daylight): <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 7-10 mm diam in 2 wk, with a very narrow, glabrous and rosy-buff margin; colony restricted, somewhat elevated, immersed mycelium colourless to faintly brick, or much darker, brown-vinaceous, but mostly hidden under a dense, woolly mat of pure white to faintly yellow aerial mycelium; reverse olivaceous-black to dark brick; a vinaceous pigment diffusing into the surrounding medium. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 8-15 mm diam in 2 wk, the margin covered by pure white aerial hyphae; colony restricted, irregularly postulate in the central area, mostly covered by a dense woolly-floccose mat of smoke grey aerial mycelium, but after 2 wk numerous glabrous, black conidiomata appear on the colony surface in the centre, releasing milky white conidial slime. Reverse of colony olivaceous-black.</p><p id="P72"><italic>Conidia</italic> on MEA elongated ellipsoidal to cylindrical, straight to distinctly curved, rounded to narrowly pointed at the apex, attenuated gradually to a narrowly truncate base, 0-1-septate, 0-septate 8-12 × 2-2.5(-3), 1-septate 10-21 × 2-2.5 μm; <italic>Conidia</italic> on OA cylindrical, straight or slightly to distinctly curved, narrowly rounded to slightly pointed at the apex, attenuated gradually to a narrowly truncate base, 1-3-septate, (16-)20-32 × 1.5-2 μm.</p><p id="P73"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Aegopodium podagraria</italic> and <italic>Pimpinella</italic> spp.</p><p id="P74"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Moravia, Veltice, Forest of Rendez Vous, on living leaves of <italic>Aegopodium podagraria</italic>, 16 Sep. 2008, G. Verkley 6013, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21249&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21249</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123740&link_type=cbs">CBS 123740</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123741&link_type=cbs">123741</ext-link>.</p><p id="P75"><italic>Notes</italic>: Morphologically, the material from the Czech Republic available here agrees well with <italic>S. aegopodina</italic> as described by Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) and Shin & Sameva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">2004</xref>), although the pycnidia are larger than described by these authors (55-85 μm diam). The species can easily be distinguished from <italic>S. aegopodii</italic> occurring on the same host plant, as the conidia of that fungus are considerably larger (30-115 × 3.5-4 μm), and appear predominantly 1-septate. The conidia more closely resemble those of <italic>S. anthrisci</italic>. The diagnoses of <italic>S. aegopodina</italic> var. <italic>trailii</italic> based on material on <italic>Pimpinella saxifraga</italic>, and of <italic>S. aegopodina</italic> var. <italic>villosa</italic> on <italic>Pimpinella villosa,</italic> agree with the description of the type variety. Both varieties are therefore considered synonyms of <italic>S. aegopodina</italic>. In the multigene phylogeny <italic>S. aegopodina</italic> groups fairly closely with <italic>S. oenanthicola, S. sii</italic> and <italic>S. oenanthis</italic> from the same host family (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>), but other taxa from that family like <italic>S. anthrisci</italic> are relative distant and belong elsewhere the <italic>Septoria</italic> clade (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>). Other isolates grouping with <italic>S. aegopodii</italic> include those of <italic>S. mazi</italic> from <italic>Mazus japonicus</italic> (<italic>Scrophulariaceae</italic>), <italic>S. campanulae</italic> from <italic>Campanula takesimana</italic> (<italic>Campanulaceae</italic>), and <italic>S. gentianae</italic> from <italic>Gentiana scabra</italic> var. <italic>buergeri</italic> (<italic>Gentianaceae</italic>).</p><p id="P76"><bold><italic>Septoria anthrisci</italic></bold> Pass. & Brunaud, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 5: 250. 1883 [non P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 13: 10. 1884]. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Fig. 8</xref>.</p><fig id="F8" position="float"><label>Fig. 8.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria anthrisci</italic>. A. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21185&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21185</ext-link>). B. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109020&link_type=cbs">CBS 109020</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig8"></graphic></fig><p id="P77"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots numerous but small, circular to elliptical, visible on both sides of the leaf, the centre white to pale ochreous, surrounded by a relatively narrow, somewhat elevated, dark reddish brown to black margin. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, sometimes also visible from the underside of the lesion, mostly one, rarely up to three in each leaf spot, subglobose to lenticular, sometimes becoming cupulate, brown to black, immersed, 115-190 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular and 30-55 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 100 μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 12-20 μm thick, composed of an outer layer of pale brown angular cells 4.5-7 μm diam with somewhat thickened walls, and an inner layer of thin-walled, pale yellow angular to globose cells 2.5-5 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, globose or narrowly or broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, mostly with a relatively narrow elongated neck, proliferating percurrently several times with distinct annellations, often also sympodially after or in between a few percurrent proliferations, 6-14(-18) × 2.5-5(-6) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight, curved to flexuous, attenuated gradually to a narrowly pointed apex and narrowly truncate base, (0-)1-3(-4)-septate (septa very thin and easily overlooked), not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (18-)25-59 (-65) × 1-2 μm (living; rehydrated, 1-1.8 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P78"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 4-6(-9) mm diam in 1 wk (18-22 mm in 22 d), with an even, glabrous, peach, later coral margin, with a concolorous pigment diffusing beyond the colony margin; colonies after 1 wk restricted, distinctly elevated in the centre, immersed mycelium first peach to pale coral, then deep coral, the colony already appearing darker in the centre after 1 wk due to numerous almost black pycnidial conidiomata in part merging into large complexes, releasing pale whitish or rosy-buff droplets of conidial slime from one to several short-papillate or more elongated neck-like openings; reverse in the centre blood colour, surrounded by a first intense peach, later scarlet or coral area. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 7-8(-9) mm diam in 1 wk (18-21 mm in 22 d), as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 6-11 mm diam in 1 wk (24-29 mm in 22 d), with an even, almost glabrous, buff margin, without a diffusing pigment; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate to hemispherical, already up to 4 mm high after 1 wk, immersed mycelium leaden grey to olivaceous-grey, covered by well-developed white to greyish, appressed, woolly aerial mycelium; conidiomata abundantly developing at the surface in the central area, releasing cirrhi of buff to pale luteous to rosy-buff conidial slime; reverse fuscous black to brown-vinaceous, surrounded by a narrow pale luteous marginal zone. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 7-12 mm diam in 1 wk (29-31 mm in 22 d), as on MEA, but the surface more glaucous to glaucous blue green, the margin rosy-buff, and the conidial slime pale flesh.</p><p id="P79"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, single, brown to black, 100-250 μm diam, <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>; <italic>conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, 25-55(-69) × 1.2-2 μm.</p><p id="P80"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Anthriscus</italic> spp., and also <italic>Chaerophyllum</italic> spp. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">Teterevnikova-Babayan 1987</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> 1997</xref>).</p><p id="P81"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Sautens, on living leaves of <italic>Anthriscus</italic> sp., 30 July 2000, G. Verkley 1022, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21185&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21185</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109019&link_type=cbs">CBS 109019</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109020&link_type=cbs">109020</ext-link>.</p><p id="P82"><italic>Notes</italic>: According to the short and incomplete original diagnosis, the conidia of <italic>S. anthrisci</italic> are continuous, 40-50 μm long. The type host is <italic>Anthriscus vulgaris.</italic> The description of the species on the host agrees well with those provided by Vanev <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) and Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>), although the latter reported conidia up to 75 μm long. The species is close to <italic>S. petroselini</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.44&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.44</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109521&link_type=cbs">CBS 109521</ext-link>), from which it cannot be distinguished by ITS sequence, but the EF and Act sequences proved to differ by 4 and 27 %, respectively.</p><p id="P83">Of other <italic>Septoria</italic> species found on the family <italic>Apiaceae</italic>, only <italic>S. petroselini</italic> is relatively closely related. <italic>Septoria petroselini</italic> can be distinguished from <italic>S. anthrisci</italic> by the larger conidia (29-80 × 1.9-2.5 mm) with up to 7 septa on the host plant, usually species of <italic>Petroselinum</italic> or <italic>Coriandrum</italic>.</p><p id="P84"><bold><italic>Septoria apiicola</italic></bold> Speg., Boln Acad. nac. Cienc. Córdoba 11: 294. 1888. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 9</xref>.</p><fig id="F9" position="float"><label>Fig. 9.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria apiicola</italic>. a. Colony on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.54</ext-link>). B, C. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21261&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21261</ext-link>). D. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.54</ext-link>). E. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.54</ext-link>). F. Ibid., <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21261&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21261</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig9"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p><italic>≡ Rhabdospora apiicola</italic> (Speg.) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 3 (2): 509. 1898.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria apii</italic> Chester, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 371. 1891 [non Rostr., Gartn. Tidende 180. 1893, later homonym].</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria petroselini</italic> var. <italic>apii</italic> Briosi & Cavara, I funghi parassiti delle piante coltivate de utili essicati, delineati e descritti, Fasc. 6, no 144. 1891.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria apii-graveolentis</italic> Dorogin, Mater. Mikol. Fitopat. Ross. 1 (4): 72. 1915.</p></list-item></list><p id="P85"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> on leaves numerous spots, scattered, separate but not well-delimited, circular to elliptical, or confluent, yellowish or pale brown and in dry conditions also with a white centre, visible on both sides of the leaf. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, amphigenous, single, numerous in each lesion, scattered, in small clusters or in more or less distinct concentric patterns, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, immersed, (60-)75-170 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> circular, central, somewhat papillate, 15-45(-55) μm wide, surrounded by darker cells with thickened walls; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic>, 12.5-20 μm thick, with an outer layer of cells, 4-6.5(-8) μm diam with brown, thickened walls, and an inner layer of hyaline and thin-walled cells 3.5-4 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> cylindrical, or broadly to elongated ampulliform mostly without distinct neck, hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently, annellations indistinct, rarely also sympodially, 4-8(-10) × 3.5-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight, curved, or flexuous, gradually attenuated to a narrowly rounded to more or less pointed apex, more or less abruptly attenuated into a truncate base, (1-)2-3(-5)-septate, not or only inconspicuously constricted around the septa in the living state, hyaline, containing one to several relatively small oil-droplets in each cell, in the rehydrated state with larger oil-masses, 20-48(-56) × 2-2.5 μm (living; rehydrated, NT 1.5-2 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P86"><italic>Description in vitro (based on <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.54</ext-link>)</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 12-18 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even to slightly ruffled, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies spreading, remaining almost plane, immersed mycelium dull green to dark herbage green; aerial mycelium moderately to well-developed, woolly-floccose, white; dark brown to black single globose pycnidia developing after 7-10 d scattered over the agar surface, more rarely immersed in the agar, 70-100(-140) μm diam, ostioli often reduced or absent, releasing droplets of milky white conidial slime; reverse dark bluish green to black, diffusing pigment absent. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but more often proliferating sympodially, 4-12.5 × 3.5-4.5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, mostly 30-55(-68) × 2-2.5 μm.</p><p id="P87"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Apium australe, A. graveolens</italic> var. <italic>graveolens</italic> (celery), <italic>A. graveolens</italic> var. <italic>rapaceum</italic> (celeriac), <italic>A. prostratum</italic>.</p><p id="P88"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Italy</bold>, Perugia, culture ex leaf of <italic>Apium graveolens,</italic> deposited June 1959, M. Ribaldi <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=389.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 389.59</ext-link>; <bold>Netherlands</bold>, culture ex <italic>Apium</italic> sp., deposited Aug. 1952, isolated by G. van den Ende <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=395.52&link_type=cbs">CBS 395.52</ext-link>; Prov. Utrecht, Baarn, Cantonspark, culture ex living leaves of <italic>A.graveolens</italic>, 1953, deposited Oct. 1954, J.A. von Arx <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.54</ext-link> = IMI 092628; Prov. Limburg, Venray, Vreedepeel, on living leaves of <italic>A. graveolens</italic> var. <italic>graveolens</italic>, Aug. 2004, collector unknown (G. Verkley 3046), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21261&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21261</ext-link>; same substr., Noord-Brabant, between Zevenbergen and Zevenbergschen Hoek, 26 Aug. 2004, R. Munning (G. Verkley 3048), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21163&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21163</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116465&link_type=cbs">CBS 116465</ext-link>.</p><p id="P89"><italic>Notes</italic>: According to Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>), it is apparent that at least two species of <italic>Septoria</italic> occur on <italic>Apium</italic> spp. worldwide. Earlier studies demonstrated considerable variation in the dimensions of conidia in material on <italic>Apium</italic> spp. especially in conidial width, along with other minor morphological differences, and differences in leaf spot type (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">Cochran 1932</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R56">Sheridan 1968</xref>). Gabrielson & Grogan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R23">1964</xref>) concluded that there was just one species involved, characterised by pycnidia 55-190 μm diam and conidia 10-72 × 0.9-3.0 μm. They accepted the name <italic>S. apiicola</italic>, and placed <italic>S. apii</italic> and <italic>S. apii-graveolentis</italic> in its synonymy. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) placed <italic>S. apii</italic> in the synonymy of <italic>S. petroselini</italic>, while Sutton & Waterston (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R65">1966</xref>) followed Gabrielson & Grogan but described the conidia as 22-56 × 2-2.5 μm. As was the case in the material from Australia studied more recently by Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>; conidia 30-48 × 2-2.5 μm), most conidia in the collections available for the present study are 2-2.5 μm wide. These collections proved highly homogenous in DNA sequences of the genes investigated and in most morphological characters. However, morphological and molecular investigations of more material on <italic>Apium</italic> from various host species and geographical regions is required before conclusions can be drawn about the number of taxa involved on this host genus.</p><p id="P90">According to Sutton & Waterston (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R65">1966</xref>) and also Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>), the conidiogenous cells of <italic>S. apiicola</italic> are phialidic, producing several conidia enteroblastically and seceding at the same level, and these authors did not report sympodial proliferation. In the material we were able to examine however, percurrent proliferation was mostly seen and rarely also sympodial <italic>in planta,</italic> while sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cells were more common <italic>in vitro</italic>. The difference may result from the fact that here we studied living material, as we noted that after rehydration of the herbarium vouchers it is indeed very difficult to still see the details, in particular progressive annellations.</p><p id="P91"><bold><italic>Septoria astragali</italic></bold> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 2, Bot. 19: 345. 1843. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Fig. 10</xref>.</p><fig id="F10" position="float"><label>Fig. 10.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria astragali</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109116&link_type=cbs">CBS 109116</ext-link>. A-C. Colonies (15 C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109116&link_type=cbs">CBS 109116</ext-link>); E-G. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21258&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21258</ext-link>). H. Conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123878&link_type=cbs">CBS 123878</ext-link>). I. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123878&link_type=cbs">CBS 123878</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig10"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>?= <italic>Septoria astragali</italic> var. <italic>brencklei</italic> Sacc., Atti Memorie Accad. patavina 33: 171 (as ‘brinklei’). 1917.</p></list-item></list><p id="P92"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots circular or more irregular, often indefinite or delimited by a dark brown border, white, pale ochreous to yellowish brown, usually several on each leaflet. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, often visible on both sides of the leaf, amphigenous, but either predominantly hypo- (V6023) or epiphyllous (V1036), scattered, globose, immersed to semi-immersed, 125-170 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> circular, central, 20-55 μm wide, surrounding cells somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> up to 30 μm thick, composed of an outer layer of isodiametric to irregular cells 3.5-8.5 μm diam with brown walls which are thickened up to 1 μm, and an inner layer of hyaline, thin-walled cells 3-7 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, ampuliform, or elongated ampulliform with a distinct neck, hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, and sometimes (also) percurrently 1-2 times with indistinct annellations, 10-17 × 5-8 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight, curved, or flexuous, gradually attenuated to a narrowly rounded to somewhat pointed apex and a truncate base, (5-)7-9(-11)-septate, somewhat constricted around the septa in the living state (“T”), not constricted in the rehydrated state, hyaline, contents granular or with numerous small and a few larger oil-droplets in each cell, (85-) 105-145 × 3.5-4 μm (living; rehydrated, 3-3.5 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P93"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 2-4 mm diam in 10 d (34-37 mm in 7 wk), with an even or irregular, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies spreading, the surface plane, immersed mycelium mostly colourless to buff with very diffuse, short, whitish aerial mycelium, the centre of the colony darkened by numerous superficial and immersed, separate or confluent pycnidial conidiomata, the outer walls covered with short mycelial outgrowth, with a single opening releasing a stout cirrhus of pale whitish to rosy-buff conidial slime; reverse mostly olivaceous-black due to the conidiomata; after incubation of 5-7 wk, more of the immersed mycelium darkens to olivaceous-black, with traces of a red pigment especially near the margin, and the aerial mycelium becomes more dominant, white or grey. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 2-3 mm diam in 10 d (27-28 mm in 7 wk), as on OA, but the reddish pigment at the margin more conspicuous in old cultures. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 1.5-3 mm diam in 10 d ((8-)14-17 mm in 7 wk), with an even to irregular, glabrous, buff margin; colonies first restricted, while later faster growing hyphal strands colonize the medium underneath the surface of the agar, pustulate to hemispherical, the surface first ochreous or amber, later olivaceous-grey or black covered by fairly dense, short, white aerial mycelium; some superficial or immersed pycnidial conidiomata formed, releasing cirrhi of pale buff conidial slime; reverse dark umber to brown-vinaceous. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 1.5-3 mm diam in 10 d (15-17 mm in 7 wk), with an irregular margin which is hardly visible from above; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate to hemispherical, the surface dark brick to dark slate blue, covered by a diffuse, very short, felty, white aerial mycelium; abundant superficial conidiomata releasing stout cirrhi of rosy-buff conidial slime; reverse blood colour.</p><p id="P94"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Astragalus</italic> spp.</p><p id="P95"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Ötz, near Habichen W of Ötztaler Aache, 1 Aug. 2000, on living leaves of <italic>Astragalus glycyphyllos</italic>, G. Verkley 1036, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21151&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21151</ext-link> “MBT175673”, living cultures ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109116&link_type=cbs">CBS 109116</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109117&link_type=cbs">109117</ext-link>; Carinthia, near Töschling at Wörthersee, on living leaves of <italic>A. glycyphyllos</italic>, July (year not indicated), Keissler, distributed in Keissler, Kryptogam. exsicc. 1331, PC 0084566. <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Moravia, Pavlov, forest around ruin, 18 Sep. 2008, on living leaves of <italic>A. glycyphyllos</italic>, G. Verkley 6023, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21258&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21258</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123878&link_type=cbs">CBS 123878</ext-link>. <bold>France</bold>, Lower Normandy, Calvados, Baynes near Forêt de Cerisy, 20-21 Sep. 1842, on leaves of <italic>A. glycyphyllos</italic>, Roberge, “Col. Desmazieres 1863, no. 8, 59”, <bold>isotype</bold> PC 0084563; Côte-d’Or, Montagne de Bard, same substr., June 1901, Fautrey, PC 0084565 (herb. Mussat); same substr., Pinsguel, near Toulouse, 30 Aug. 1935, Moesz, PC 0084564. <bold>Poland</bold>, Puszcza Bialowieska, Aug. 1922, on living leaves of <italic>A. glycyphyllos</italic>, W. Siemaszko, distributed in W. Siemaszko, Fung. Bialowiezenses exsicc. 73, PC 0084569. <bold>Romania</bold>, Transsilvania, distr. Istriţa-Năsăud, Arcalia Arboretum, 1 July 1966, on living leaves of <italic>A. glycyphyllos</italic>, A. Crişan, distributed in Flora Romania exsicc 3127, PC 0084567; same substr., Muntenia, distr. Ilfov, Pantelimon, 18 July 1926, T. Săvulescu & C. Sandhu, distributed in Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Romanicum 4, 166, PC 0084568 (sub <italic>S. astragali</italic> f. <italic>santonensis</italic>).</p><p id="P96"><italic>Notes</italic>: The type specimen in PC of <italic>S. astragali</italic> contains several mounted leaves and is provided with a hand-written description in French. Conidia observed in this material are mostly 7-9-septate, 85-130 × 2.5-3.5 μm. The type thus agrees well with the original description which indicated conidia 120 × 3 μm, with 9-10 septa. Of the other collections available for this study that generally all agree with the type in morphology and leaf symptoms, 1036 from Tirol is chosen as epitype. Various authors have reported comparable conidial measurements for this large-spored <italic>Septoria.</italic> Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) reported conidial measurements 48-128 × 3-3.5 μm, Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>) 60-140 × 3-4 μm, Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>), 58-112 × 2.5-3.5 μm. According to the original diagnosis, <italic>S. astragali</italic> var. <italic>brencklei</italic>, described from <italic>Lathyrus venosus</italic> in North Dakota, has 8-10-septate conidia, 130-150 × 4-5 μm, and Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>) placed it in synonymy with <italic>S. astragali. Septoria astragali</italic> is one of the first of over 200 <italic>Septoria</italic> that were described from plants of the family <italic>Fabaceae</italic>.</p><p id="P97"><bold><italic>Septoria campanulae</italic></bold> (Lév.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 544. 1884. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">Fig. 11</xref>.</p><fig id="F11" position="float"><label>Fig. 11.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria campanulae</italic>. A. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21178&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21178</ext-link>). B. Ibid., on CHA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109114&link_type=cbs">CBS 109114</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig11"></graphic></fig><p id="P98"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Ascochyta campanulae</italic> Lév., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 5: 277. 1846.</p><p id="P99"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> definite, circular to irregular, pale to dark brown leaf spots, epigenous, usually delimited by blackened veinlets. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, predominantly ephiphyllous, rarely hyphyllous, scattered, globose to subglobose, immersed to semi-immersed, 40-125 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> circular, central, 10-20 μm wide, surrounding cells darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-20 μm diam, composed of an outer layer of brown-walled cells 3.5-10 μm diam, and an inner layer of hyaline cells 3.5-6 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> discrete or integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores, cylindrical, or ampuliform, sometimes with an elongated neck, hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, and often in the same cell also percurrently showing indistinct annellations, 5-15 × 3-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight or slightly curved, gradually attenuated to a narrowly rounded or somewhat pointed apex, gradually or more abruptly attenuated into a narrowly truncate base, 0-1(-3)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with small oil-droplets and minutely granular material in the living state and rehydrated state, (12.5-)15-25(-32) × 1.5-2 μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P100"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 6-9 mm diam in 10 d (28-32 mm in 3 wk; > 65 mm in 7 wk), with an even, somewhat undulating, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies spreading, the surface plane, immersed mycelium pale luteous to ochreous, but radiating greenish or olivaceous hyphal strands soon developing, which later dominate the olivaceous-black colonies, then also a distinct red pigment is produced which diffuses beyond the colony margin; scattered, mostly superficial pycnidial conidiomata, which are first dark olivaceous, then almost black, glabrous, with a single or up to 5 ostioli placed on short papillae or more elongated necks, that release pale whitish conidial slime; aerial mycelium scanty, diffuse, woolly-floccose, white; reverse in the centre most dark slate blue, first surrounded and intermixed with ochreous to rust, later more coral. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 5-9 mm diam in 10 d (24-28 mm in 3 wk; > 70 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous margin; as on OA but immersed mycelium with a greenish haze throughout, later almost entirely olivaceous-black; aerial mycelium even more scanty, but higher and reverse darker, dark slate blue throughout most of the colony; conidiomata similar as on OA, but necks shorter or absent. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 7-9 mm diam in 2 wk (24-30 mm in 3 wk; > 70 mm in 7 wk), with an even, undulating to ruffled, glabrous, buff to honey margin; colonies first more restricted, pustulate to almost conical, but later growing faster with a plane submarginal area; immersed mycelium rather dark, near the margin covered by woolly to felty white aerial mycelium; mostly composed of spherical conidiomatal initials, superficial mature conidiomata releasing milky white conidial slime; reverse first dark brick in the centre, near the margin locally grey-olivaceous or cinnamon, later sepia to brown-vinaceous, the margin honey. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 4-10 mm diam in 10 d (17-32 mm in 3 wk; 45-65 mm in 7 wk), with an irregular or even, buff margin covered by a diffuse, felty white, later grey aerial mycelium; further as on MEA, but the colony surface less elevated and especially near the margin with greyish, felty to tufty aerial mycelium; in the centre numerous conidiomata develop at the surface, after 3 wk releasing milky white to rosy-buff droplets of conidial slime; reverse in the centre blood colour, dark brick to cinnamon at the margin.</p><p id="P101"><italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but often with relatively longer necks due to repetitive percurrent proliferation. <italic>Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but more often 2 and also 3-septate, and mostly 18-34.5 × 1.5-2 μm (OA), 13-32 × 1.5-2 μm (CHA).</p><p id="P102"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Campanula glomerata, C. takesimana</italic>.</p><p id="P103"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Sulztal, Gries, along the river in the village, on living leaves of <italic>Campanula glomerata</italic>, 1 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1034, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21178&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21178</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109114&link_type=cbs">CBS 109114</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109115&link_type=cbs">109115</ext-link>. <bold>Korea</bold>, Taean, on living leaves of <italic>C. takesimana,</italic> H.D. Shin, living culture SMKC 21949 = KACC 42622 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128589&link_type=cbs">CBS 128589</ext-link>; Daejeon, same substr., H.D. Shin, living culture SMKC 24476 = KACC 44787 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128604&link_type=cbs">CBS 128604</ext-link>.</p><p id="P104"><italic>Notes</italic>: The first species described on <italic>Campanula</italic> is <italic>S. campanulae</italic>, for which Shin & Sameva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">2004</xref>) provided a detailed description based on material occurring in Korea on <italic>C. punctata</italic> and <italic>C. takeshimana</italic> (conidia mostly 1-septate, 13-24 × 1.5-2 μm). Shin & Sameva summerised the history of the <italic>Septoria</italic> species on the genus <italic>Campanula</italic>. Of the three species most often accepted, viz., <italic>S. campanulae, S. obscura</italic>, and <italic>S. trachelii, S. campanulae</italic> fits the current material best. <italic>Septoria arcautei</italic> was not mentioned by Shin & Sameva. This species was described from <italic>C. glomerata</italic> in Spain, and according to the original description by Unanumo, the pycnidia are predominantly epiphyllous, 55.8-74.8 μm diam, and the conidia continuous, 20-25.7 × 0.8 μm. <italic>Septoria campanulae</italic> is closely related to several species from hosts in <italic>Apiaceae</italic>, including <italic>S. aegopodina, S. oenanthis</italic>, and <italic>S. sii</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>). Sequencing results of <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109114&link_type=cbs">CBS 109114</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109115&link_type=cbs">109115</ext-link> were puzzling, suggesting possible contamination.</p><p id="P105"><bold><italic>Septoria cerastii</italic></bold> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 11: 347. 1849. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">Fig. 12</xref>.</p><fig id="F12" position="float"><label>Fig. 12.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria cerastii</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102323&link_type=cbs">CBS 102323</ext-link>. A-C. Colonies (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21158&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21158</ext-link>, epitype). E. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102323&link_type=cbs">CBS 102323</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig12"></graphic></fig><p id="P106"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> indefinite, yellow to brown leaf spots, but more often on withering parts of leaves, stems and bracts. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, on leaves amphigenous but predominately epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, globose, semi-immersed, 80-125(-150) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> circular, central, 20-45 μm wide, surrounding cells somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls and 4-6.5 μm diam, the inner cells hyaline and thin-walled and 3.5-6 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> ampulliform, or elongated ampulliform with a distinct neck, hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently 1-many times with indistinct annellations, also sympodially, 5-10 × 3-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to filiform-cylindrical, straight, curved, or flexuous, gradually attenuated to a rounded or more or less pointed apex, abruptly attenuated into a truncate base, (1-)2-4(-5)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents moderately rich in small guttulae, minutely granular material and large vacuoles in the living state, in the rehydrated state with inconspicuous contents and no oil-droplets, (21-)30-52(-57) × 1.5-2 μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P107"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 2-4 mm diam in 2 wk (10-13 mm in 6 wk), the margin irregular to ruffled, almost as dark as rest of the colony, covered by diffuse, grey aerial mycelium; the colony spreading, almost plane to somewhat irregularly lifted and pustulate, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black to black, covered with dense, grey, woolly aerial mycelium; conidiomata starting to develop at the surface after 10-15 d; reverse olivaceous-black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 2-5 mm diam in 2 wk (13-17 mm in 6 wk), as on OA; conidial slime milky white; reverse greenish grey to almost black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 0.5-1.5 mm diam in 2 wk (4-6 mm in 6 wk), as on OA, with equally dense and long, woolly, grey aerial mycelium; colony hemispherical, with scarce pycnidial conidiomata developing tardily; reverse dark slate blue to black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 1-3 mm diam in 2 wk (8-12 mm in 6 wk), as on OA, but colonies more distinctly lifted above the agar surface, hemispherical, and aerial mycelium denser but shorter; conidiomata developing scarcely at the surface.</p><p id="P108"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial and similar as <italic>in planta</italic>, 100-150 μm diam, or merged into larger complexes especially on the agar surface, dark olivaceous-black to black, up to 250 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, or absent; <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, ampuliform, or elongated ampulliform to cylindrical, with a distinct neck, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently 1-many times with indistinct scars (annellations), also sympodially, 5-12(-15) × 3-5(-6.5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> on OA similar as <italic>in planta,</italic> 1-3(-5)-septate, indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents moderately rich in small guttulae, minutely granular material and large vacuoles in the living state, (26-)35-50(-57) × 1.5-2.5 μm (T), released from superficial conidiomata in whitish cirrhi or slimy masses.</p><p id="P109"><italic>Hosts</italic>: In leaf spots and on withering leaves, stems and bracts of <italic>Cerastium</italic> spp. According to Markevičius & Treigienė (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R33">2003</xref>), also on <italic>Stellaria holostea</italic>.</p><p id="P110"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Korea</bold>, Hoengseong, on <italic>C. holosteoides</italic> var. <italic>hallaisanense</italic>, 14 May 2006, H.D. Shin, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128586&link_type=cbs">CBS 128586</ext-link> =KACC 42367 = SMKC 21781; same loc., substr., H.D. Shin, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128612&link_type=cbs">CBS 128612</ext-link> =KACC 42831 = SMKC 22609; Jeju, on <italic>C. holosteoides</italic>, 1 Nov. 2007, H.D. Shin, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128626&link_type=cbs">CBS 128626</ext-link> =KACC 43220 = SMKC 23137. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Utrecht, Baarn, on living leaves of <italic>Cerastium</italic> sp., 9 Aug. 1968, H.A. van der Aa 731, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18069&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18069</ext-link>; same loc., substratum, 18 Oct. 1962, H.A. van der Aa, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18070&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18070</ext-link>, and 19 Oct. 1963, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18071&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18071</ext-link>; Prov. Noord Holland, Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen, near Ruigeveld, on withering leaves of <italic>Cerastium fontanum</italic> subsp. <italic>vulgare</italic>, 31 Aug. 1999, G. Verkley & A. van Iperen 915, epitype <bold>designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21158&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21158</ext-link> “MBT175351”, living culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102323&link_type=cbs">CBS 102323</ext-link>. <bold>Romania</bold>, distr. Ilfov, Malu-Spart, on living leaves of <italic>C. fontanum</italic> subsp. <italic>triviale</italic>, 20 May 1973, G. Negrean, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18072&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18072</ext-link>, distributed in Herb. Mycol. Romanicum, fasc. 50, no. 2475.</p><p id="P111"><italic>Notes</italic>: The material on <italic>Cerastium fontanum</italic> examined here agrees in morphology with the detailed description of Muthumary (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">1999</xref>), who studied type material of <italic>S. cerastii</italic> (PC 1324) and also provided excellent illustrations. The type host was identified as <italic>C. vulgatum</italic>, which is a synonym of <italic>C. fontanum</italic> subsp. <italic>vulgare</italic> (and <italic>C. holosteoides</italic>). According to Muthumary, no definite spots are on the leaves in this collection, but the fungus is nonetheless interpreted as parasitic. We have the impression from our collection that it may be endophytic or a very weak pathogen, but in Korea the fungus causes very characteristic symptoms on <italic>C. holosteoides</italic> var. <italic>hallaisanense</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">Shin & Sameva 2004</xref>).</p><p id="P112">This species and <italic>S. stellariae</italic> occur on two very closely related host genera, <italic>Cerastium</italic> and <italic>Stellaria</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R59">Smissen <italic>et al.</italic> 2002</xref>), but the two can be distinguished morphologically by conidiogenesis and conidial morphology <italic>in planta</italic>, and the cultures also differ considerably in pigmentation and growth speed especially on OA. DNA sequence data also support the hypothesis that <italic>S. cerastii</italic> and <italic>S. stellariae</italic> are distinct species, as they differ for example by 6 base positions on ITS 1, and the distance in the multilocus tree is considerable. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) also regarded <italic>S. cerastii</italic> and <italic>S. stellariae</italic> as distinct species, indicating that on average the spores in the latter were much longer (22-96 μm) than in the former (20-43 μm). He mentioned that in two collections of <italic>S. cerastii</italic> from Iceland the conidia reached lengths of 57-60 μm, whereas in collections from Norway attributed to the same species conidia were no longer than 43 μm. In the Dutch collection studied here, conidia also reached 57 μm in length.</p><p id="P113"><bold><italic>Septoria chromolaenae</italic></bold> Crous & den Breeÿen, Fungal Diversity 23: 90. 2006.</p><p id="P114">A detailed description of the species <italic>in planta</italic> and <italic>in vitro</italic> was given by Den Breeÿen <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">2006</xref>).</p><p id="P115"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Cuba</bold>, near Havana, <italic>Chromolaena odorata</italic>, S. Neser, 28 Oct. 1997, <bold>holotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-19756&link_type=cbs">CBS H-19756</ext-link>, culture ex-type <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113373&link_type=cbs">CBS 113373</ext-link>.</p><p id="P116"><italic>Notes</italic>: This species is closely related to two strains identified as <italic>S. ekmanniana</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113385&link_type=cbs">CBS 113385</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113612&link_type=cbs">113612</ext-link>) originating from <italic>Chromolaena odorata</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>) in Mexico. The two species can readily be distinguished by conidial sizes, particularly in culture (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">Den Breeÿen <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>). Other species in this clade include <italic>S. passiflorae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102701&link_type=cbs">CBS 102701</ext-link>) and <italic>S. passifloricola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129431&link_type=cbs">CBS 129431</ext-link>), and <italic>S. anthurii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=148.41&link_type=cbs">CBS 148.41</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=346.58&link_type=cbs">346.58</ext-link>) and <italic>S. sisyrinchii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112096&link_type=cbs">CBS 112096</ext-link>).</p><sec id="S14"><title><italic>Septoria chrysanthemella</italic> complex</title><p id="P117"><italic>Septoria chrysanthemella</italic> Sacc., Syll. Fung. 11: 542. 1895. nom. nov. pro <italic>S. chrysanthemi</italic> Cavara, Atti Ist. bot. Univ. Lab. crittogam. Pavia, Ser. 2, 2: 266. 1892 [non Allesch., 1891].</p><p id="P118">A description <italic>in planta</italic> was provided by Punithalingam (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R40">1967a</xref>) and Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>). <italic>Sexual morph</italic>: unknown.</p><p id="P119">Multilocus sequencing revealed that five of the isolates studied here that were identified as <italic>S. chrysanthemella</italic> belong to a species complex, showing the presence of two cryptic sister species. The first group includes <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.73&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.73</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128616&link_type=cbs">128616</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128617&link_type=cbs">128617</ext-link>, originating from <italic>Chrysanthemum morifolium</italic> in New Zealand and Korea, respectively. The second group comprises the two European isolates <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=351.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 351.58</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=483.63&link_type=cbs">483.63</ext-link>, and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128622&link_type=cbs">CBS 128622</ext-link> from Korea, from various <italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> spp. A description of the isolates is provided below.</p><p id="P120">Group 1: Description <italic>in vitro (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.73&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.73</ext-link>)</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 20-23 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous margin; colonies spreading, immersed mycelium grey-olivaceous and in the centre with a brown haze, mostly glabrous but locally with some tufts of pure white aerial mycelium; reverse greenish grey to olivaceous-grey. Pycnidia developing immersed and on the agar surface after 10-12 d, releasing pale white conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 17-20 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, colourless to buff margin; colonies restricted to spreading, in the centre irregularly pustulate, the surface dark, provided with diffuse or more dense mat of grey, appressed aerial mycelium; reverse brown-vinaceous. Conidiomata developing on the agar surface in the centre, releasing milky white masses of conidial slime.</p><p id="P121"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>New Zealand</bold>, Taranaki, <italic>Chrysanthemum morifolium</italic>, G.F. Laundon, 24 Nov. 1972, LEV 6807, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.73&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.73</ext-link>. <bold>South Korea</bold>, Hongcheon, <italic>Chr. morifolium</italic>, H.D. Shin, 10 Sep. 2007, living culture SMKC 22860 = KACC 43086 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128617&link_type=cbs">CBS 128617</ext-link>.</p><p id="P122">Group 2: Description <italic>in vitro (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=351.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 351.58</ext-link>)</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA reaching 32-36 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous margin; colonies spreading, immersed mycelium pale luteous to faintly saffron, mostly glabrous but locally with some tufts of pure white aerial mycelium; reverse flesh to saffron. Pycnidia formed immersed or on the agar surface after 10-12 d, releasing pale white conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA reaching 36-40 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, cvolourless to buff margin; colonies spreading, the surface entirely covered by a dense mat of pure white to rose, woolly aerial mycelium; reverse fulvous to ochreous, dark brick in the centre. Pycnidia formed mostly on the agar surface after 10-2 wk, releasing pale white conidial slime.</p><p id="P123"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Berlin, <italic>Chrysanthemum indicum</italic>, R. Schneider, June 1957, living culture BBA 8432 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=351.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 351.58</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Baarn, on <italic>Chr ysanthemum</italic> sp., isol. H.A. van der Aa, dep. J.A. von Arx Nov. 1963, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=483.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 483.63</ext-link>. <bold>South Korea</bold>, Hoengseong, on <italic>Chr. boreale</italic>, H.D. Shin, 16 Oct. 2007, living culture SMKC 23025 = KACC 43191 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128622&link_type=cbs">CBS 128622</ext-link>.</p><p id="P124"><italic>Notes</italic>: Saccardo (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R53">1895</xref>) did not specify the host species of <italic>S. chrysanthemella</italic>, but in the original diagnosis of Cavara (for which Saccardo proposed a nomen novum to replace the name <italic>S. chrysanthemi</italic> because it was antedated by <italic>S. chrysanthemi</italic> Allesch. 1891), the host was indicated to be <italic>Chrysanthemum indicum</italic>. The fungus was described to produce conidia 55-65 × 1.5-2 μm, and lacking septa. It will have to be resolved to which group of the complex the name <italic>S. chrysanthemella</italic> should be applied.</p><p id="P125"><bold><italic>Septoria clematidis</italic></bold> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 20: 93. 1853 [non Pandotra & K.S.M. Sastry, nom. illeg., Art. 53]. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">Fig. 13</xref>.</p><fig id="F13" position="float"><label>Fig. 13.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria clematidis</italic>. A, B. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108983&link_type=cbs">CBS 108983</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On MEA. C. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21182&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21182</ext-link>, epitype). D. Ibid., <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108983&link_type=cbs">CBS 108983</ext-link> on OA. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig13"></graphic></fig><p id="P126"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots angular to circular, initially mostly pale yellowish brown, then greyish brown, sometimes surrounded by a darker border, visible on both sides of the leaf. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, several in each leaf spot, globose to subglobose, dark brown, immersed, 65-120(-160) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, 55-80(-100) μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous or somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 20-35 μm thick, composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, the cells 3-10 μm diam, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells with hyaline and thinner walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, narrowly to broadly ampulliform with a relatively wide and sometimes elongated neck, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially and possibly also percurrently in some cells but annellations not observed, 8-12.5 × 4-5(-6) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical to filiform-cylindrical, straight, more often curved or slightly flexuous, with a relatively broadly rounded, sometimes somewhat pointed apex, barely attenuated towards the broadly truncate base, (1-)4-5(-6)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with a few oil-droplets and minute granular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (40-)47-67(-80) × (3-)3.5-4 μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P127"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 3-6(-8) mm diam in 3 wk (12-15 mm in 7 wk), the margin irregular to ruffled, colourless, glabrous; the colony almost plane to somewhat irregularly lifted and pustulate, immersed mycelium initially in the centre pale grey-olivaceous with some long aerial hyphae, darkening entirely in older colonies to olivaceous-black, this darkening starting where pycnicial stromata are formed releasing milky white droplets of conidial slime after about 3 wk; reverse of colony dark slate blue to olivaceous-black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 4-7(-9) mm diam in 3 wk (12-17 mm in 7 wk), as on OA, but aerial mycelium denser on sterile parts of the colony. Numerous pycnidial conidiomata developing after 2 wk in the agar, on its surface, and also in the aerial mycelium, but no fertile ones observed. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 4.5-7 mm diam in 3 wk (11-18(-22) mm in 7 wk), with a barely visible margin; colony restricted, hemispherical, the surface very dark or black, covered by short, diffuse to dense white or grey aerial hyphae; pycnidial conidiomata at the surface releasing clear droplets without conidial slime after 3 wk, and later first buff, then dirty luteous droplets with conidia; reverse dark slate blue to black, margin pale luteous or buff. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 4.5-7 mm diam in 3 wk (15-18 mm in 7 wk), as on MEA, but aerial mycelium denser with longer hyphae; conidiomatal initials developing scarcely at the surface, still sterile after 3 wk, but later on releasing dirty buff to pale ochreous droplets of conidial slime. In older colonies on MEA and CHA a grey or greyish white, dense mat of aerial hyphae may cover small or larger sectors.</p><p id="P128"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> as <italic>in vitro,</italic> pycnidial, often merged to complex stromata, first brownish, then black, glabrous or the surface covered by short white hyphae; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but larger, 7.5-20 × 3-5(-6) μm, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, no percurrent proliferation observed; <italic>conidia</italic> similar in shape as <italic>in planta</italic> but mostly 3-7-septate, (45-)55-85(-105) × 4-5(-7) μm.</p><p id="P129"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Clematis</italic> spp.</p><p id="P130"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Brunau, on living leaves of <italic>Clematis vitalba</italic>, 30 July 2000, G. Verkley 1025, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21182&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21182</ext-link> “MBT175353”, living cultures ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108983&link_type=cbs">CBS 108983</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108984&link_type=cbs">108984</ext-link>; same loc., substr., date, G. Verkley 1026, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21183&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21183</ext-link>; same substr., S. Tirol, Eggenthal, Birchabruck, 23 July 1904, J. Kabát, distributed in Kabát & Bubák, Fungi imperfecti exsicc. 163, PC 0084599. <bold>France</bold>, Parc de Lébisey, 27 July 1848, Roberge (?), ‘Col. Desmazieres 1863, no. 8, 448’, <bold>isotype</bold> PC 0084593; same loc., substr., June 1848, Roberge, PC 0084596; same substr., Paris, Parc de St Cloud, Aug. 1908, Ludwig, PC 0084607; same substr., Fontainebleau forest, Aug. 1885, PC 0084604; same substr., Clères, 27 Aug. 1896 (herb. Mussat), PC 0084598; same substr., Seine-et-Oise, Meudon, 15 Nov. 1844, Roussel (Herb. Roussel), PC 0084594, PC 0084595. <bold>Romania</bold>, distr. Iaşi, Moldova, Bârnova, same substr., 30 Aug. 1934, T. Săvulescu & C. Sandhu, distributed in Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Romanicum 24, 1160, PC 0084603, 0084608, 0084597.</p><p id="P131"><italic>Notes</italic>: This is one of the large-spored species of <italic>Septoria</italic> from the genus <italic>Clematis</italic>. Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>), who studied collections from several species of <italic>Clematis</italic> observed, 4-6-septate conidia 60-90 × 3-5 μm. Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) reported conidia as 39-100 × 2.5-4 μm. The type of <italic>S. clematidis</italic> in PC showed 4-7-septate conidia 52-78 × 3-3.5 μm, in good agreement with the ones observed in the Austrian material (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21182&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21182</ext-link>), which is designated above as epitype.</p><p id="P132">The taxonomy of the 15 described species of <italic>Septoria</italic> on <italic>Clematis</italic> is still unresolved (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">Shin & Sameva 2004</xref>), and would certainly benefit from study of additional fresh material and cultures which could be compared with type material. <italic>Septoria clematidis</italic> Roberge is probably distinct from <italic>S. clematidis</italic> Pandotra & K.S.M. Sastry, a taxon described on <italic>Clematis grata</italic> in India that should be renamed because it is a later homonym. According to Muthumary (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">1999</xref>), the conidia in the type of <italic>S. clematidis</italic> Pan. & Sastry are 1-3-septate, 38-66 × 2.5-3 μm, whereas in the original diagnosis the conidia are described as “ septate”, 25.6-44.8 (av. 36.3) × 2.3-3.2 (av. 2.7). Two other large-spored species are <italic>S. jackmanii</italic> Ellis & Everh. 1892, which was described from <italic>Clematis jackmanii</italic> in Geneva, New York and, according to the diagnosis, has conidia 40-70 × 2.5-3 μm (number of septa not given), and also <italic>S. williamsiae</italic> Priest, based on material on <italic>C. aristata</italic> in Australia, which has (1-)3(-4)-septate conidia 20-45(-55) × (1.5-)2 μm (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>).</p><p id="P133"><bold><italic>Septoria convolvuli</italic></bold> Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 2, Bot.17: 108. 1842. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">Fig. 14</xref>.</p><fig id="F14" position="float"><label>Fig. 14.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria convolvuli</italic>. A, B. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21244&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21244</ext-link>). C. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102325&link_type=cbs">CBS 102325</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig14"></graphic></fig><p id="P134"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions circular, single or confluent to form irregular extended lesions, pale to dark brown, showing one to several concentric lines and a dark brown, slightly raised line or zone delimiting the lesion, visible on both sides of the leaf. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, several in each lesion, immersed, subglobose to globose, brown to black, (65-)90-120(-145) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular to irregular, initially 20-40 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 70 μm wide, surrounding cells somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-15 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells, 2.5-4.5 μm diam, the outermost cells pale brown with slightly thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently several times, with indistinct annellations on a relatively elongated neck, or sympodially, 6-10(-17) × 2.5-3.5(-4) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to filiform-cylindrical, slightly to strongly curved, often elegantly flexuous, attenuated in the upper cell to a narrowly rounded to pointed tip, narrowly truncate at the base, 1-3(-4)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents minute oil-droplets and granular material in the rehydrated state, (15-)23-42(-50) × 1.5-2 μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P135"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 3-5 mm diam in 1 wk (16-20 mm in 25 d; 40-48 mm in 33 d), with an even, glabrous margin, which is colourless, or faintly salmon due to a diffusable pigment already visible after 1 wk (but fading after 3 wk); colonies first restricted, conical to irregularly pustulate, but later spreading, immersed mycelium in the centre becoming first yellowish or citrine, then herbage green or darker olivaceous, surrounded by a more palid, rosy-buff or pale salmon, later hazel outer zone; pycnidia already developing in clusters or radiating rows at the colony surface, but they remain scarce, later releasing pale rosy-buff or whitish droplets of conidial slime; aerial mycelium remaining scanty, but in the centre it may be well-developed, white, woolly; reverse in the centre olivaceous-black to olivaceous-grey, surrounded by a first salmon or rosy-buff zone where the diffusable pigment is formed, but this becomes hazel. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 3-5 mm diam in 1 wk [(15-)18-21 mm in 25 d; 38-40 mm in 33 d], as on OA, but salmon pigment only faintly visible after 20 d, the margin becoming rosy-buff; centre much darker earlier on, entirely olivaceous-black, numerous black papillate to rostrate pycnidia developing after 21 d, releasing pale whitish to buff droplets of conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 2-5 mm diam in 1 wk [5-11 mm in 25 d; 16-18(- 23) mm in 33 d], with a ruffled, mostly colourless margin already covered by white aerial hyphae after 1 wk; a halo of a diffusing pigment is visible after 1 wk, which fades later on; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate and up to 3 mm high after 1 wk, immersed mycelium dark, but mostly invisible from above due to well-developed, white to greyish, dense and short-felted aerial mycelium; black conidiomata already developing after 1 wk, releasing large masses of buff conidial slime; reverse mostly sepia to isabelline. Some colonies may show a more spreading growth after 2 wk in sectors, that are glabrous, immersed mycelium almost black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 3-5 mm diam in 1 wk (18-30 mm in 25 d; 30-34 in 33 d), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies irregularly pustulate, up to 3 mm high after 1 wk, immersed mycelium colourless to pale ochreous, but in the centre the surface may be already almost black, while after 25 d the entire colony attains that colour, the larger part covered by well-developed, low, dense, pure white, later smoke-grey to grey-olivaceous, felty to woolly-floccose, aerial mycelium; conidiomatal initials developing mainly in the centre after 1 wk; reverse mostly fawn, but later almost entirely brown-vinaceous.</p><p id="P136"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> single, 60-150 μm diam, or merged to small clusters of up to 350 μm diam, olivaceous to brown, formed mostly on the agar surface; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, 6-20 × 2.5-4(-5) μm; <italic>conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but often some conidia with cells that are somewhat inflated, and constricted around septa, (22-)30-45(-55) × 1.8-2.5 μm.</p><p id="P137"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Calystegia</italic> spp. and <italic>Convolvulus</italic> spp.</p><p id="P138"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Eiffel, Schalkenmehren near Maar, Daun, on living leaves of <italic>Convolvulus arvensis</italic>, 16 Sep. 1970, H.A. van der Aa 2276, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18082&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18082</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Hoord-Holland, Laren, on living leaves of <italic>Calystegia sepium</italic>, 18 July 1970, H.A. van der Aa 2198, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18081&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18081</ext-link>; Prov. Flevoland, Erkemeder beach, in edge of marshland bordering the lake, on living leaves of <italic>Ca. sepium</italic>, 8 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 927, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21209&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21209</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102325&link_type=cbs">CBS 102325</ext-link>. <bold>New Zealand</bold>, North Island, Coromandel, Tairua Forest, along roadside of St. Hway 25, near crossing 25A, on living leaves of <italic>Ca. sepium</italic>, 21 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 1844, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21244&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21244</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113111&link_type=cbs">CBS 113111</ext-link>; same substr., North Isl., Waikato, Taupiri, Bob Byrne Memorial Park, 27 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 1896, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21248&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21248</ext-link>; same substr., North Isl., Northland, Russell, 30 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 2014, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21245&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21245</ext-link>. <bold>South Korea</bold>, Kangnung, isolated from <italic>Ca. soldanella</italic>, H.D. Shin, 8 Nov. 2007, KACC 43226 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128627&link_type=cbs">CBS 128627</ext-link>.</p><p id="P139"><italic>Notes</italic>: Morphologically and genetically the collections available proved highly homogeneous. Muthumary (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">1999</xref>) and Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) both reported sympodial conidiogenesis for this species, but did not observe annellidic conidiogenesis. According to Shin & Sameva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">2004</xref>), the conidia can be up to 68 μm long and 7-septate. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) listed several <italic>Septoria</italic> names that were based on material from <italic>Convolvulaceae</italic> in the synonymy of <italic>S. convolvuli</italic>, including <italic>S. septulata</italic>. Beach (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">1919</xref>) reported physiological differences for the species on <italic>Convolvulus arvensis,</italic> but whether this correlates with genetic differences still remains to be investigated. Moreover, as already pointed out by Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>), a number of species on <italic>Calystegia</italic> and <italic>Convolvulus</italic> still have to be critically re-examined, which would have to include studies in culture.</p><p id="P140"><bold><italic>Septoria coprosmae</italic></bold> Cooke, Grevillea 14: 129. 1886.</p><p id="P141"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 32 mm diam in 28 d (45 mm in 38 d), with a glabrous, colourless, even margin; colony spreading, the surface glabrous with only a few tufts of pure white aerial mycelium near the centre, immersed mycelium mostly cinnamon, but brick in the centre, reverse concolorous; no diffusing pigments observed. Conidiomata formed after 3-10 d, on the agar surface or submerged, simple or complex, with dark, first reddish-brown, then black walls, preformed opening undifferentiated or lacking, tardily releasing pale salmon to whitish conidial slime (after 30 d or later). <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA (Oxoid, 3 %) 35 mm diam in 28 d (45 mm in 38 d), spreading but slightly elevated in the centre, with a colourless to rosy-buff, glabrous, even margin; colony surface leaden-grey to black, but with a fine felt coverage of minute, white aerial hyphae, reverse mostly dark brick to sepia, surrounded by cinnamon near the margin; no diffusing pigments observed. Conidiomata formed from 10 d onwards, mostly superficial, complex, opening by tearing of the upper wall and releasing milky white conidial slime. Spermatogonia of an <italic>Asteromella</italic>-state also formed.</p><p id="P142"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> simple or complex, with several merging cavities, lacking a differentiated ostiolum, opening by tearing of the wall; conidiomatal wall composed of a single layer of isodiametric cells, 6-13 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> discrete, or integrated in short, 1-2-septate conidiophores, hyaline, cylindrical, holoblastic, sympodial; <italic>conidia</italic> cylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, mostly curved, rounded at the tip, attenuated to a truncate base, (0-)1-3-septate, not or only slightly constricted around the septa, with minute oil-droplets near the ends and the septa, 9-31 × 1.8-2.2 μm (MEA), 17-30 × 1.7-2.0(-2.5) μm (OA); <italic>Spermatia</italic> hyaline, ellipsoid, with rounded ends and minutely granular contents, 3-5 × 0.8-1.2 μm.</p><p id="P143"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Coprosma robusta, Coprosma</italic> sp.</p><p id="P144"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>New Zealand</bold>, North Island, Bay of Islands area, N. of Russell, mycosphaerella-like sexual morph on living leaves of <italic>Coprosma robusta</italic>, G. Verkley 2020, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21246&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21246</ext-link>, living single ascospore isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113391&link_type=cbs">CBS 113391</ext-link>.</p><p id="P145"><italic>Notes</italic>: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113391&link_type=cbs">CBS 113391</ext-link> was obtained from rehydrated spotted leaves of <italic>Coprosma robusta</italic> collected in New Zealand that contained a mycosphaerella-like sexual morph. No mature asci were observed in this material, nor a septoria-like morph, but the isolate obtained developed pycnidia agreeing with conidia described for <italic>S. coprosmae</italic> (30 × 2 μm). In the multilocus phylogeny <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113391&link_type=cbs">CBS 113391</ext-link> groups with CPC 19304, originating from <italic>Vigna unguiculata</italic> subsp. <italic>sesquipedalis</italic> in Australia, and CPC 19793, isolated from <italic>Syzygium cordatum</italic> in Australia, and is also relatively closely related to <italic>S. verbenae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113438&link_type=cbs">CBS 113438</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113481&link_type=cbs">113481</ext-link>) isolated from <italic>Verbena officinalis</italic> in New Zealand. Aptroot (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2006</xref>) investigated an isotype of <italic>Mycosphaerella coacervata</italic> from BPI and could only find “various coelomycetes”. It is unclear whether it contained a <italic>Septoria</italic>. Sydow (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R66">1924</xref>) provided a description of the sexual morph of <italic>M. coacervata</italic> and an associated spermatial state, but not of a <italic>Septoria</italic>.</p><p id="P146"><bold><italic>Septoria cruciatae</italic></bold> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 8: 20. 1847. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F15">Fig. 15</xref>.</p><fig id="F15" position="float"><label>Fig. 15.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria cruciatae</italic>. A, B. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123747&link_type=cbs">CBS 123747</ext-link>. A. On OA. B. On MEA. C, D. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21250&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21250</ext-link>, epitype). E. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123748&link_type=cbs">CBS 123748</ext-link>). F. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21250&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21250</ext-link>). G. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21250&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21250</ext-link>). H. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123747&link_type=cbs">CBS 123747</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig15"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria urens</italic> Pass., Atti Soc. crittog. ital. 2: 31. 1879.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria aparines</italic> Ellis & Kellerm., J. Mycol. 5: 143. 1889.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Rhabdospora aparines</italic> (Ellis & Kellerm.) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 3 (2): 509. 1898.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria asperulae</italic> Bäumler, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 40: 142. 1890.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria galii-borealis</italic> Henn., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 163. 1905 [non Bubák & Kabát].</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria galii-borealis</italic> Bubák & Kabát, Hedwigia 52: 350. 1912 [non Henn., later homonym].</p></list-item><list-item><p>?= <italic>Phleospora bresadolae</italic> Allesch., Ber. bot. Ver. Landshut 12: 60. 1892.</p></list-item><list-item><p>?= <italic>Septoria relicta</italic> Bubák, Annls mycol. 4: 116. 1906.</p></list-item></list><p id="P147">For more synonyms see Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>).</p><p id="P148"><italic>Description in planta. Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions indefinite, usually a single one on each leaf expanding to ultimately cover the entire lamina, brown. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, numerous, semi-immersed to immersed, subglobose to globose, dark brown to black, 170-240 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, initially 25-55 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 90 μm wide, surrounding cells concolourous; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 20-35 μm thick, composed of an inner layer of isodiametric to irregular cells mostly 2.5-4.5 μm diam with hyaline cell walls up to 2 μm thick, and an outer layer of hyphal cells, 8-15 × 5-6.5 μm with orange brown walls thickened up to 2 μm, well developed and up to 15 μm thick in the upper part of the pycnidium wall. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, cylindrical, or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating rarely percurrently showing 1-2 indistinct annellations, sometimes (also) proliferating sympodially, 10-15(-22) × 3-5.5 (-6) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, curved to flexuous, rounded to somewhat pointed at the apex, attenuated modestly towards the truncate base, (0-)2-3-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, containing several large oil-droplets and granular material in the living state and rehydrated state, (30-)42-54(-60) × 2.5-3.2 μm (living; rehydrated, 2.0-2.5 μm wide), released in white cirrhi.</p><p id="P149"><italic>Description in vitro (20 °C, diffuse daylight). Colonies</italic> on OA 8-12 mm diam in 2 wk, with a glabrous, colourless, even margin; colony restricted, the surface mostly covered by pure white, woolly-floccose aerial mycelium, immersed mycelium mostly bright or darker herbage-green, brick in the centre, reverse dark green to black; a red pigment diffuses into the medium. Conidiomata developing in the centre on the surface of the colony or in the aerial mycelium, releasing pale milky white to rosy-buff conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 5-7 mm diam in 2 wk, with a barely visible, irregularly ruffled margin; colony restricted, hemispherical to irregularly pustulate, the surface entirely covered by a dense felty to woolly mat of pale olivaceous-grey, locally reddish, aerial mycelium, immersed mycelium almost black; reverse olivaceous-black to black; conidiomata developing on the surface in the centre of colonies, releasing milky white to rosy-buff conidial slime. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> on OA olivaceous-brown to olivaceous, globose, single or aggregated, 200-380 μm diam, on the agar mostly without a well-developed ostiolum, the wall composed of a rather undifferentiated outer layer of loosely interwoven, pale brown hyphae with barely thickened walls, and an inner layer of globose to angular cells with hyaline walls up to 2 μm thick. <italic>Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, mostly 3-septate, 35-65 × 2-2.5(-3) μm (OA).</p><p id="P150"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Galium</italic> spp.</p><p id="P151"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Moravia, Milovice, forest Milovika stran, 15 Sep. 2008, on living or decaying leaves of <italic>Galium odoratum,</italic> G. Verkley 6007, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21250&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21250</ext-link> “MBT175354”, living cultures ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123747&link_type=cbs">CBS 123747</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123748&link_type=cbs">123748</ext-link>. <bold>France</bold>, Libisey near Caen, on living leaves of <italic>G. cruciatum</italic>, Jul.-Sep. 1844, M. Roberge, “Col. Desmazieres 1863, no. 8, 200”, <bold>isotype</bold> PC 0084552, with handwritten description in French; Libisey near Caen, on living leaves of <italic>G. cruciatum</italic>, July 1844, M. Roberge, PC 0084551; Puy-de-Dôme, Ambert, on <italic>G. cruciatum</italic>, 23 Aug. 1903, L. Brevière, PC 0084553. <bold>Germany</bold>, Thüringen, Berka a. Ilm, on leaves of <italic>G. rotundifolium</italic>, 21 July 1912, H. Diedicke, distributed in Sydow, Mycotheca germanica 1132, PC 0084548. <bold>Iran</bold>, Pass Ghaleh, on <italic>G. coronatum</italic>, 10 July 1968, Sharif, PC 0084549. <bold>Romania</bold>, Bucharest, on <italic>G. mollugo</italic>, 4 Oct. 1974, G. Negrean, distributed in Herb. Mycol. Romanicum 50, 2476, PC 0084550.</p><p id="P152"><italic>Notes</italic>: The description given above is based on the collections on <italic>Galium odoratum</italic> and <italic>G. cruciatum,</italic> including the well-preserved type specimen from PC and the collection V6007, which agrees well with this type material. Although the latter is from Czech Republic and another host species than the type, it is selected here as epitype as two cultures derived from it are also preserved in CBS. According to Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), on <italic>G. boreale</italic> conidia are 23-73 × (1-)1.5-2(-2.5) μm (with mostly 3 septa), and on <italic>G. aparine</italic> 37-88 × 1-1.5 μm (with up to 5 septa). Jørstad placed five names in the synonymy of <italic>S. cruciatae</italic>, including <italic>S. asperulae</italic> from <italic>G. odoratum</italic>. He reported limited differences between material on different species of <italic>Galium</italic>, and it is not unlikely that there is just one species capable of infecting several species of <italic>Galium</italic>. In addition to the names he listed as synonyms of <italic>S. cruciatae, S. relicta</italic> and <italic>Phleospora bresadolae</italic>, both described from <italic>G. odoratum</italic> (syn. <italic>Asperula odorata</italic>) in Czech Republic and Germany, respectively, may also be regarded as synonyms, but we have not studied type material for those (conidia reported 38-60 × 3-3.5 μm and 40-60 × 2.5-3.5 μm for these two respectively). The multigene phylogeny shows that the epitype of <italic>S. cruciatae</italic> is not part of the main <italic>Septoria</italic> clade (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig 1</xref>), but basal to a clade of pseudocercosporella-like fungi. A new genus may have to be proposed for it in future.</p><p id="P153"><bold><italic>Septoria cucubali</italic></bold> Lebedeva, Materialy po mikol. obsled. Rossii 5, 3: 3. 1921. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">Fig. 16</xref>.</p><fig id="F16" position="float"><label>Fig. 16.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria cucubali</italic>. A-C. Colonies. A. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102367&link_type=cbs">CBS 102367</ext-link>, on OA. B. Ibid., on CHA. C, D. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102386&link_type=cbs">CBS 102386</ext-link>. C. On MEA. D. On OA. E, F. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102386&link_type=cbs">CBS 102386</ext-link>). G. Conidia and spermatia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102367&link_type=cbs">CBS 102367</ext-link>). H. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21159&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21159</ext-link>). I. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102386&link_type=cbs">CBS 102386</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig16"></graphic></fig><p id="P154"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> indefinite colourless to pale yellowish brown lesions, both on the lamina and along the leaf margins. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, mostly gregarious, globose, black, semi-immersed, 50-95 μm diam; <italic>osiolum</italic> central, circular, 20-35 μm wide, provided with slightly darker cells; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> relatively thin, composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic>, the outer cells 3.5-5 μm diam, with brown, somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells 2.5-4.5 μm diam, with hyaline and thin walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> ampulliform to cylindrical, without a distinct neck, hyaline, holoblastic, appearing to be phialidic, but proliferating percurrently with indistinct and close annellations, rarely also proliferating sympodially, 5-8(-10) × 2-3 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> fusiform-cylindrical to cylindrical, weakly curved, gradually attenuated to a rounded or more or less pointed apex, abruptly attenuated into a narrow, truncate base, mostly 0-1(-3)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents minutely granular in the living state, in the rehydrated state with no distinct contents, (9-)15-42(-52) × 2-2.5 μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P155"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 13-18 mm diam in 2 wk (50-55 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous, first colourless margin; colony spreading, immersed mycelium in the centre pale ochreous to sienna with a distinct citrine to olivaceous tone especially towards the margin, or a faint salmon haze; aerial mycelium scanty to well-developed, woolly-floccose, greyish white, gradually attaining a reddish haze; reverse rust to bay, with olivaceous-black areas. Surface of the colony first plane, but later irregularly lifted, with blackish stromata developing on the surface and immersed in the agar, first spherical, closed, later opening widely to expose a milky white to luteous conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 9-15 mm diam in 2 wk (43-45 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless to buff margin; further as on OA, but immersed mycelium only in the centre sienna, for the most olivaceous to almost dull green; aerial mycelium similar in colour and texture, but scarcer; reverse olivaceous-black, with distinct rust central areas; conidiomata less developed. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 9-16 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, buff or peach to scarlet margin, mostly hidden under tufts of aerial mycelium; colonies hemispherical, sometimes radially striate, immersed mycelium dark ochreous to greyish brown or olivaceous-black, mostly covered by finely felty or floccose-tufty, white, greyish or scarlet aerial mycelium; luteous to reddish diffusable pigment sometimes present; reverse rust to chestnut, margin apricot; stromata scarcely developing, releasing milky white to rosy-buff conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA (4-)6-9 mm diam in 2 wk [(30-) 40-46 mm in 6 wk], as on MEA, conidial slime first rosy-buff, later ochreous.</p><p id="P156"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, as <italic>in planta</italic> but often larger, 100-175μm, or merging into larger complexes; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but annellations more distinct. <italic>Conidia</italic> fusiform-cylindrical to cylindrical, straight or weakly curved, gradually attenuated to a rounded or more or less pointed apex, abruptly attenuated into a narrow, truncate base, (0-)1-3(-4)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents minutely granular with small oil-droplets, (9-)15-29(-52) × 2-2.5 μm.</p><p id="P157">Both on the plant and in culture spermatogonia of an <italic>Asteromella</italic> state were produced, in which 0-septate, ellipsoid spermatia were formed 2-3 × 1-1.5 μm. No sexual morph was observed.</p><p id="P158"><italic>Hosts</italic>: on living leaves of <italic>Cucubalus baccifer</italic> and <italic>Saponaria officinalis</italic>.</p><p id="P159"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, isolated from leaf litter of <italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic>, M. Unterseher, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124874&link_type=cbs">CBS 124874</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Gelderland, Millingen aan de Rijn, Millingerwaard, on living leaves of <italic>Cucubalus baccifer</italic>, 6 Oct. 1999, G. Verkley 941, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21159&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21159</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102367&link_type=cbs">CBS 102367</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102368&link_type=cbs">102368</ext-link>; same loc., date, brown leaf margin on living leaves of <italic>Saponaria officinalis</italic>, 6 Oct. 1999, G. Verkley 938, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21218&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21218</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102386&link_type=cbs">CBS 102386</ext-link>.</p><p id="P160"><italic>Notes</italic>: The material on <italic>Cucubalus</italic> available for this study showed conidia (9-)15-19(-23) × 2-2.5 μm, thus much shorter and somewhat narrower than reported for <italic>S. cucubali</italic> in the original diagnosis (34-50 × 1.5-2 μm; based on material collected in July), and by Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>). This Dutch material was collected much later in the season than the type, and under relatively dry conditions. Averages of conidial width and especially lengths seen in specimens collected under adverse conditions such as drought or cold can be lower as compared to material collected under optimal conditions. The isolates obtained from this material were, however, capable of producing conidia up to 52 μm in length. This would be in good agreement with <italic>S. cucubali</italic>, as are the morphology of the pycnidia, the shape and width of the conidia, as well as the symptoms on the plant described by Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>) for <italic>S. cucubali</italic>. Markevičius & Treigiene (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R33">2003</xref>) reported <italic>S. dimera</italic> on <italic>Cucubalus</italic>, and that species is characterised by conidia that are wider (21-35 × 3.2-4.3 μm; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> 1997</xref> report 26-65 × 2.5-4 μm for that species).</p><p id="P161">The isolates from <italic>Cucubalus</italic> were also very similar to those obtained from the material collected in the same area on <italic>Saponaria</italic>, and the sequences obtained indicate that these isolates all belong to a single species. The material on the plant studied here differs from the description of <italic>S. saponariae</italic> provided by Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>), who describes conidia as 1-3-septate, 25-59 × 3.3-4.5 μm. That species thus has much wider conidia. Host range of <italic>S. cucubali</italic> in literature only mentions <italic>Cucubalus,</italic> but it is clear from the present study that it also includes <italic>Saponaria officinalis</italic>. The strain isolated from beech leaf litter may be an accidental dweller and originate from a <italic>Caryophyllaceae</italic> host growing in the vicinity. That the fungus would be capable of infecting <italic>Fagus</italic> leaves as an endophyte seems unlikely but cannot be excluded.</p><p id="P162"><bold><italic>Septoria cucurbitacearum</italic></bold> Sacc., Nuovo G. bot. ital. 8: 205. 1876.</p><p id="P163"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 38 mm diam in 5 wk, with an even, or slightly undulating, colourless, glabrous margin; colonies restricted to moderately spreading, almost entirely olivaceous-black, due to brown-walled immersed hyphae, the surface mostly glabrous, yet in the centre and around pycnidia often with greyish white, pruinose aerial hyphae. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> numerous, scattered or gregarious, black, pycnidial, with a single often quite long ostiolate neck, but fruitbodies often bursting somewhere in the lower wall, conidial slime pale white; reverse concolourous. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, ampulliform to cylindrical, holoblastic, with 1-3 percurrent proliferations, 8-16 × 3.5-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, curved or flexuous, hyaline, 3-5(-7)-septate, not constricted around the septa, narrowly rounded at the top, slighty attenuating to a narrowly truncate base, with minute oil-droplets, (30-)35-55 (-72) × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm.</p><p id="P164"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Cucurbita</italic> spp., <italic>Cucumis</italic> spp. and <italic>Citrullus vulgaris</italic>.</p><p id="P165"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>New Zealand</bold>, culture isolated from living leaves of <italic>Cucurbita maxima</italic>, date of collection and isolation unknown (deposited in Feb. 1977), H. J. Boesewinkel <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=178.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 178.77</ext-link>.</p><p id="P166"><italic>Notes</italic>: No specimens on plant material were available for this study. A description based on specimens from <italic>Cucumis, Cucurbita</italic> and <italic>Citrullus</italic> collected in Australia is provided by Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>), and the sporulating structures observed in <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=178.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 178.77</ext-link> on OA agree well with that description. <italic>Septoria cucurbitacearum</italic> is the oldest name on plants of the family <italic>Cucurbitaceae,</italic> and Punithalingam (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R44">1982</xref>) discussed the relationship with the other taxa on the host genera <italic>Cucurbita</italic> and <italic>Cucumis</italic>. On the basis of the multilocus sequence analysis it can be concluded that <italic>S. cucurbitacearum</italic> is closely related to <italic>S. lycospersici</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.49&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.49</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128654&link_type=cbs">128654</ext-link>), <italic>S. malagutii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=106.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 106.80</ext-link>), and <italic>S. apiicola</italic>.</p><p id="P167"><bold><italic>Septoria digitalis</italic></bold> Pass., Atti Soc. crittog. ital. 2: 36. 1879. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">Fig. 17</xref>.</p><fig id="F17" position="float"><label>Fig. 17.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria digitalis</italic>. A, B. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=328.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 328.67</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On MEA. C, D. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.63</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). C. On OA. D. On MEA. E. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=328.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 328.67</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig17"></graphic></fig><p id="P168"><italic>Description in planta (based on <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18090&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18090</ext-link>)</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots hologenous, scattered, circular to elliptical, pale yellowish brown, definite with a dark brown border, or indefinite, surrounded by a larger area of the leaf which turns reddish purple. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, numerous scattered in each leaf spot, subglobose to globose, immersed, brown to black, (70-)85-130 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular and 20-45 μm wide, later more irregular and up to 60 μm wide, surrounding cells undifferentiated; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 12.5-20 μm thick, composed of an outer layer of isodiametric cells 4.5-8(-10) μm diam or more irregular cells with brown walls 1-2 μm thick, and an inner layer of angular to globose cells 2.5-4(-6) μm diam with relatively thin, hyaline walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, globose, doliiform or ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially and often also percurrently, with close indistinct annellations on an elongated neck, 3-8.5(-10) × 2-3.5(-4.5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform-cylindrical to cylindrical, straight to slightly curved, rarely somewhat flexuous, attenuated gradually to a narrowly rounded to pointed apex, and attenuated gradually or more abruptly to a narrowly truncate base, 1-3(-4)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (16.5-)22-44 × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P169"><italic>Description in vitro (18 °C, near UV light) <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=328.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 328.67</ext-link></italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 12-13 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even to slightly ruffled, glabrous margin; colonies restricted to spreading, with some irregular pustulate elevations in the centre, immersed mycelium dark rust to chestnut, mostly covered by a more or less dense mat of low, woolly to woolly-floccose, greyish to somewhat reddish aerial mycelium, with scattered higher tufts, reverse blood colour; producing a red pigment diffusing into the surrounding agar medium. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 10-13 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even margin which is mostly covered by aerial mycelium; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate and up to 2 mm high in the centre, immersed mycelium dark, entirely covered by a dense mat of appressed, finely felted, grey to ochreous or rust aerial mycelium, the surface showing numerous sterile black stromata; reverse dark brick or sepia in the centre, surrounded by dark violet slate. No sporulation or diffusing pigment observed. <italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.63</ext-link></italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 23-25 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous margin; colonies spreading, immersed mycelium fulvous to rust, or some brown-vinaceous, glabrous, or with barely any aerial mycelium, no sporulation observed; reverse blood colour in centre, fading to red or coral towards the margin; producing some red pigment diffusing into the surrounding agar medium. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 25-30 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, undulating, glabrous, buff margin; colonies restricted to spreading, radially striate, up to 2 mm high in the centre, immersed mycelium dark, entirely covered by a dense mat of appressed, finely felted, rosy vinaceous to flesh aerial mycelium with greysih or white zones; reverse brown-vinaceous to blood colour. No sporulation or diffusing pigment observed.</p><p id="P170"><italic>Conidia</italic> (OA) as <italic>in planta</italic>, 20-48(-52) × 1.5-2.5 μm.</p><p id="P171"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Digitalis</italic> spp.</p><p id="P172"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, South Bohemia, Písek, on <italic>Digitalis lanata,</italic> Sep. 1962 V. Holubová-Jechová, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.63&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.63</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Doornspijk, herbal garden, in leaf spot on <italic>D. lanata</italic>, 22 June 1967, H.A. van der Aa 72, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18090&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18090</ext-link>, and dried culture on OA <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18092&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18092</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=328.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 328.67</ext-link>.</p><p id="P173"><italic>Notes</italic>: The two strains investigated here showed some notable differences in colony features, and they are therefore described separately above. Nonetheless, these strains showed highly homologous sequences of all loci investigated here. The strains are relatively distant from the closest relatives in the <italic>Septoria</italic>-clade, viz., among others, <italic>S. epilobii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109084&link_type=cbs">CBS 109084</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109085&link_type=cbs">109085</ext-link>), <italic>S. verbascicola</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102401&link_type=cbs">CBS 102401</ext-link>), and the strains of <italic>S. stachydis</italic> and <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic>. According to the original diagnosis, based on material on <italic>Digitalis lutea</italic>, the conidia of <italic>S. digitalis</italic> are continuous, 25-30 × 1.5 μm (also in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> 1973</xref>, Teterevnikova-Babayan 1983). Although conidia observed in the material on <italic>D. lanata</italic> studied here are up to 44 μm long and provided with up to 4 septa, it is concluded that the name <italic>S. digitalis</italic> can be applied to this material.</p><p id="P174"><bold><italic>Septoria epilobii</italic></bold> Westend., Bull. Acad. r. Belg., Cl. Sci., Sér. 2, 19: 120. 1852 [non Roberge ex Desm. 1853]. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">Fig. 18</xref>.</p><fig id="F18" position="float"><label>Fig. 18.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria epilobii</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109084&link_type=cbs">CBS 109084</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21171&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21171</ext-link>, epitype). E. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109094&link_type=cbs">CBS 109094</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig18"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>S. epilobii</italic> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., ser. 3, 20: 94. 1853 [Nom. illeg., later homonym].</p></list-item><list-item><p>?= <italic>S. epilobii</italic> Westend. var. <italic>durieui</italic> Unamuno, Boln R. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. 34: 250. 1934.</p></list-item></list><p id="P175"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions sparse to numerous, single, circular to irregular, rarely entended to the margin of the leaf, brown, often with a greyish centre, well-delimited by a dark brown elevated line, visible on both sides of the leaf. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, several in each lesion, subglobose to globose, brown to black, 48-75 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, initially 15-24 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 40 μm wide, surrounding cells dark brown; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 12-20 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells, 3-6.5 μm diam, the outermost cells pale brown with slightly thickened walls, the inner cells hyaline and thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely also integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, cylindrical, or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, sometimes with a relatively narrow and elongated neck (no annellations seen), 5-14 × 3.5-6 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical or filiform-cylindrical, straight to slightly curved, narrowly to broadly rounded at the apex, narrowing slightly or more distinctly to a truncate base, (0-)1-3-septate, not or slightly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with few minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the rehydrated state, 25-35(-40) × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P176"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 12-15(-17) mm diam in 3 wk (45-48 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless or vaguely buff margin; colonies spreading, plane, in the centre olivaceous-black, surrounded by olivaceous radiating hyphal strands; reverse concolourous; aerial mycelium absent, or a tuft of white or grey woolly aerial mycelium in the centre; abundant olivaceous to brown, then black, pycnidial conidiomata developing after 3 wk, releasing milky white droplets of conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 12-14(-16) mm diam in 3 wk (45-50 mm in 7 wk), as on OA, but centre more homogeneous olivaceous-black after 3 wk; after 7 wk larger outer area saffron to pale ochreous, margin buff; reverse concolourous; sporulation as on OA, but older conidial slime pale saffron. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA (7-)10-16 mm diam in 3 wk (46-50 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous, rosy-buff or buff margin; colonies restricted, conical, in the centre with more irregular pustulate protruberances, after about 4 wk becoming more spreading, the surface brown-vinaceous to almost black, locally ochreous to dirty peach, covered by a diffuse, low, minutely felty whitish to grey aerial mycelium; reverse brown-vinaceous to dark slate blue, locally cinnamon to ochreous; conidiomatal initials developing from 3 wk onwards in most of the colonies, but sporulation occurs sparsely in submarginal pycnidia after 7 wk in dirty white to rosy-buff droplets. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 7-12(-16) mm diam in 3 wk (34-38 mm in 7 wk), as on MEA, including sporulation.</p><p id="P177"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, single or merged, with a single or a few papillate openings, which can be positioned on an elongated neck; conidiogenous cells as <italic>in planta</italic>, proferating sympodially and possibly also percurrently, but the presence of annellations could not be confirmed, 5-18 × 3.5-6 μm; <italic>conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, 24-41 × 1.8-2.5 μm.</p><p id="P178"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Chamaenerion angustifolium</italic> and <italic>Epilobium</italic> spp.</p><p id="P179"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ober Inntal, Samnaun Gruppe, Zanderstal near Spiss, alt. 1800 m, on rocky bank of Zandersbach, on living leaves of <italic>Epilobium fleischeri</italic>, 11 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1068, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21171&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21171</ext-link> “MBT175355”, living cultures ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109084&link_type=cbs">CBS 109084</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109085&link_type=cbs">109085</ext-link>. <bold>Belgium</bold>, on the bank of river Wépion, near Namur, on leaves of <italic>E. spicatum</italic> (= <italic>E. angustifolium, Chamaenerion angustifolium</italic>), 1829, Bellynck, “Westendorp & Wallay Herb. Crypt. no. 727”, <bold>isotype</bold> BR-MYCO 158690-95. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Utrecht, Baarn, Baarnsche bos, ex leaf spot of <italic>E. angustifolium</italic>, 17 Sep. 1967, L. Marvanová <italic>s.n.</italic>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=435.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 435.67</ext-link> no longer available (infected with basidiomycete).</p><p id="P180"><italic>Notes</italic>: In the type specimen of <italic>S. epilobii</italic> on <italic>Epilobium angustifolium</italic> (= <italic>Chamaenerion angustifolium</italic>), from BR, 1-3-septate conidia, 20-40 × 1-1.5 μm are observed. Although the collection of <italic>S. epilobii</italic> from Tirol was collected on another host species, <italic>E. fleischeri,</italic> it agrees morphologically well with the type material, and therefore this Austrian collection is chosen here as epitype. It is considered likely that a single taxon is capable of infecting various members of the genera <italic>Epilobium</italic> and its sister-genus <italic>Chamaenerion</italic>. The concept of <italic>S. epilobii</italic> maintained here concurs with that of most authors (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> 1973</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">Teterevnikova-Babayan 1987</xref>), except Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>), who gave a much wider length range of conidia, viz., 12-72 ×1-2 μm, but their concept of <italic>S. epilobii</italic> may erroneously have been based in part on specimens of <italic>S. alpicola. Septoria epilobii</italic> is very distinct from <italic>S. alpicola</italic> Sacc. 1897, a species causing systemic infections in <italic>Epilobium</italic> spp. in alpine and boreal regions (type host <italic>E. alpinum</italic>), developing pycnidia on symptomless leaves as well as stems that produce conidia, 24-95 × 0.7-1.5(-2) μm, with up to 7 septa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">Jørstad 1965</xref>).</p><p id="P181"><italic>Septoria epilobii</italic> var. <italic>durieui</italic> Unamuno, which has been described from <italic>E. duriaei</italic> in Spain, with conidia 30-55 × 1.5 μm, is tentatively placed here in the synonymy of <italic>S. epilobi</italic>.</p><p id="P182">As can be seen in the multilocus phylogeny (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>), the strains of <italic>Septoria epilobii</italic> are closely related to <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102401&link_type=cbs">CBS 102401</ext-link>, which was isolated from <italic>Verbascum nigrum</italic>, and preliminarily identified as <italic>S. verbascicola</italic> Berk. & M.A. Curtis. This name is a <italic>nomen nudum</italic> and the type should be studied. Other closely related species include <italic>S. taraxaci</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=567.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 567.75</ext-link>), <italic>S. stachydis, S. galeopsidis</italic>, and <italic>S. digitalis</italic>.</p><p id="P183"><bold><italic>Septoria erigerontis</italic></bold> Peck, Rep. N.Y. St. Mus. nat. Hist. 24: 87. 1872 [non Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1874; nec Hollós 1926, later homonyms]. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">Fig. 19</xref>.</p><fig id="F19" position="float"><label>Fig. 19.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria erigerontis</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109094&link_type=cbs">CBS 109094</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21176&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21176</ext-link>). E. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109094&link_type=cbs">CBS 109094</ext-link>). F, G. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21176&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21176</ext-link>). H, I. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=186.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 186.93</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig19"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Septoria erigerontea</italic> Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 547. 1884 [nom. illeg., Art. 52. superfluous nom. nov.].</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria erigeronata</italic> Thüm., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 56: 132. 1881.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria schnabliana</italic> (Allesch.) Died., KryptogFl. M. Brandenb. 9: 454. 1914.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Rhabdospora schnabliana</italic> Allesch., Hedwigia 34: 273. 1895.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria chanousii</italic> Ferraris, Malpighia 16: 27. 1902.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria stenactidis</italic> Vill, in Sydow, Annls mycol. 8: 493. 1910.</p></list-item><list-item><p>?= <italic>Septoria bosniaca</italic> Picb., Glasnik Zemal. Muz. Bosn. Herceg. 45: 68. 1933.</p></list-item></list><p id="P184"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots hologenous, scattered, circular to irregular, pale brown, indefinite or surrounded by a slightly darker margin. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, numerous scattered in each leaf spot, subglobose to globose, brown to black, semi-immersed, 75-130 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular and 15-35 μm wide, later more irregular, up to 55 μm wide, surrounding cells dark brown and with more thickened walls; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 8-12.5 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells 2.5-4 μm diam with relatively thin, hyaline walls, surrounded by a layer of pale to dark brown cells, 2-5 μm diam, with somewhat thickened walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores, cylindrical to doliiform, or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating mostly sympodially, rarely also percurrently with indistinct annellations, 6-10 × 2.5-4.5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight, slightly curved to flexuous, attenuated gradually to a narrowly rounded to pointed apex and narrowly truncate base, (0-)1-3(-5)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (17-)25-50(-62.5) × 1-1.5(-2) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P185"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 8-11 mm diam in 12 d (42-44 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless to pale red or coral margin, the pigment also clearly diffusing beyond the margin; colonies spreading, the surface almost plane, immersed mycelium translucent and red everywhere (12 d), in the centre with densely aggregated superficial pycnidial conidiomata often with distinct papillate to rostrate openings, which later may elongate further, pycnidia elsewhere in radiating rows, later also in concentric rings, releasing milky white to pale buff droplets of conidial slime; aerial mycelium white, felty, scanty, mostly in the centre; reverse concolorous. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 7-10 mm diam in 12 d (50-59 mm in 7 wk), as on OA, but immersed hyphae darker and olivaceous, but red pigmentation still distinct, especially around the colony margin. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 4-7 mm diam in 12 d (45-48 mm in 7 wk), with a ruffled, colourless to pale buff, plane marginal zone; colony initially restricted, hemispherical after 12 d, with an irregularly pustulate-worty surface, later for the most plane and spreading, immersed mycelium very dark chestnut to black, aerial mycelium on elevated surface almost absent, but near margin forming short-tufty mat of pure white hyphae; superficial pycnidial conidiomata releasing pale flesh or milky white droplets of conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 6-8 mm diam in 12 d (29-36 mm in 7 wk), as on MEA, but in some sectors with an even, rosy-buff margin; colonies less elevated in the centre than on MEA, covered with diffuse, woolly, greyish aerial mycelium in the centre, and a low, dense mat of reddish hyphae near the margin; pycnidial conidiomata more numerous than on MEA, later in distinct, concentric patterns, producing flesh, later salmon droplets of conidial slime.</p><p id="P186"><italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> (OA) as <italic>in planta</italic>, but more frequently proliferating percurrently and with distinct annellations. <italic>Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, up to 85 μm long and 2.5 μm wide.</p><p id="P187"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Conyza</italic> spp. and <italic>Erigeron</italic> spp.</p><p id="P188"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Inntal W of Innsbruck, S of Telfs, along road 171, on living leaves of <italic>Erigeron annuus</italic>, 4 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1045, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21176&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21176</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109094&link_type=cbs">CBS 109094</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109095&link_type=cbs">109095</ext-link>; same substr., country unknown, M. Vurro, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=186.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 186.93</ext-link> (sub <italic>S. schnabliana</italic>). <bold>South Korea</bold>, Namyangju, same substr., H.D. Shin, 3 May 2006, living culture SMKC 21739 = KACC 42356 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128606&link_type=cbs">CBS 128606</ext-link>; same country, loc. unknown, same substr., living culture CPC 12340 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131893&link_type=cbs">CBS 131893</ext-link>.</p><p id="P189"><italic>Notes</italic>: The material available for this study agreed generally well with the detailed descriptions given for this species in recent literature (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">Shin & Sameva 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>). However, Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) did not observe sympodial proliferation in the conidiogenous cells. Shin & Sameva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">2004</xref>) reported conidia up to 70 μm long in material from South Korea. Verkley & Starink-Willemse (2004) already showed that the ITS sequence of <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=186.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 186.93</ext-link> identified as <italic>S. schnabliana</italic> is identical to that in <italic>S. erigerontis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109094&link_type=cbs">CBS 109094</ext-link>), and suspected the conspecificity of this material. Strong evidence for this conspecificity is provided here, as the additional genes sequenced were all (almost) identical for the three isolates investigated, and also for <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128606&link_type=cbs">CBS 128606</ext-link> (= KACC 42356) and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131893&link_type=cbs">CBS 131893</ext-link> (= CPC 12340) from the same host in South Korea.</p><p id="P190">According to the diagnosis, <italic>Septoria stenactidis</italic>, described from <italic>Stenactis annua</italic> (= <italic>E. annuum</italic>), has continuous (or indistinctly septate) conidia, 35-40 × 1 μm, which agrees well with <italic>S. erigerontis</italic> on the type host, and it was already placed in the synonymy by Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), and recently also by Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>). Priest also included <italic>S. chanousii</italic> in the synonymy of <italic>S. erigerontis.</italic> This fungus was originally decribed on <italic>E. uniflora</italic> in Italy, with 3-4-septate conidia measuring 45-50 × 1.5 μm. Likewise, <italic>S. bosniaca</italic> from <italic>Erigeron polymorphus</italic> described in the diagnosis as a fungus with 0(-3)-septate conidia, 19-42 × 1.3-1.9 μm, is probably also a synonym.</p><p id="P191"><bold><italic>Septoria galeopsidis</italic></bold> Westend., Bull. Acad. r. Belg., Cl. Sci., Sér. 2, 2: 577. 1857. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F20">Fig. 20</xref>.</p><fig id="F20" position="float"><label>Fig. 20.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria galeopsidis</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102314&link_type=cbs">CBS 102314</ext-link>. A-C. Colonies (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia on OA. E. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21195&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21195</ext-link>). F-H. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123744&link_type=cbs">CBS 123744</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig20"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>Ascochyta galeopsidis</italic> Lasch in Rabenh., Herb. Myc. I, 1058. 1846 [nom. nud.].</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria cotylea</italic> Pat. & Har., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 21: 85. 1905.</p></list-item></list><p id="P192"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots irregular or angular, becoming dark brown, in yellow parts of the leaf lamina. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, hypophyllous, often numerous in each leaf spot, globose to subglobose, dark brown, almost completely immersed, 75-100(-130) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular, 15-25 μm wide, surrounding cells somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-22 μm thick, composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, the cells 3-8 μm diam, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells with hyaline and thinner walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> discrete, sometimes integrated into 1-2-septate conidiophores, hyaline, narrowly or broadly ampulliform with a relatively narrow neck, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently with indistinct annellations, and also sympodially, 6-12(-15) × 3.5-5(-6) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight or slightly curved, sometimes flexuous, with a rounded or somewhat pointed apex, attenuated towards the narrowly truncate base, (0-)3(-5)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, 20.5-44 × 1.5-2.5 μm (living; rehydrated, 1-2 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P193"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 7-13 mm diam in 2 wk (35-43 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies almost plane, immersed mycelium homogeneously olivaceous-black to greenish black (also near the margin); aerial mycelium scanty, woolly-floccose, white or greyish; superficial pycnidial conidiomata scanty, scattered over the central aerea, releasing milky white droplets of conidial slime; reverse dark slate blue to black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 7-13 mm diam in 2 wk (33-37 mm in 6 wk), as on OA, but concentration of conidiomatal development in elevated pustules on the elsewhere flat colony. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 6-11 mm diam in 2 wk (33-39(-46) mm in 6 wk), the margin even, later undulating, buff, narrow and glabrous; colonies hemispherical, often irregularly pustulate or with columnar outgrowths up to 5 mm high, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black to black, mostly covered by a dense mat of finely velted, greyish aerial mycelium; faster growing, glabrous sectors with buff immersed mycelium may appear after several weeks; conidiomata starting to develop on the (dark) colony surface, tardily sporulating with whitish to flesh droplets of conidial slime; reverse brown-vinaceous or olivaceous-black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 5-10(-15) mm diam in 2 wk (20-29 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous to nearly so, buff margin; colonies irregularly pustulate, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black, mostly covered by a dense but appressed mat of woolly-floccose, grey aerial mycelium, in some slightly faster growing sectors pure white; scattered but scarce superficial conidiomata releasing pale flesh droplets of conidial slime; reverse blood colour to black.</p><p id="P194"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial and similar as <italic>in planta</italic>, 100-150 μm diam, or merged into larger complexes especially on the agar surface, dark brown, up to 200 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, or absent. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, ampuliform, or elongated ampulliform to cylindrical, with a distinct neck, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently with indistinct scars (annellations), or sympodially, 8-13(-15) × 3-4.5(-5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, tapering to a rounded or somewhat pointed apex, lower part slightly or more clearly attenuated into a broad truncate base, (0-)1-3(-5)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, with several oil-droplets and minute granular material in each cell, (37-)50-65 (-70) × 2-2.5 μm.</p><p id="P195"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Galeopsis angustifolia, G. ladanum, G. pubescens, G. speciosa</italic> and <italic>G. tetrahit</italic>.</p><p id="P196"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Belgium</bold>, in the vicinity of Mons, on leaves of <italic>Galeopsis tetrahit</italic>, R. P. Clém. Dumont, distributed in Westendorp & Wallays, Herb. crypt. Belge, Fasc. 23-24, no 1134, <bold>isotype</bold> BR-MYCO 158116-06. <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Moravia, Mikulov, on living leaves of <italic>Galeopsis</italic> sp., 15 Sep. 2008, G. Verkley 6003, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21256&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21256</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123744&link_type=cbs">CBS 123744</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123749&link_type=cbs">123749</ext-link>; same substr., date, Moravia, Milovice, forest Milovika stran, G. Verkley 6006, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21254&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21254</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123745&link_type=cbs">CBS 123745</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123746&link_type=cbs">123746</ext-link>. <bold>France</bold>, Corrèze, Prât Alleyrat, on living leaves of <italic>G. tetrahit</italic>, 25 July 1976, H.A. van der Aa 5344, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18099&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18099</ext-link>; loc. unknown, isol. C. Killian ex <italic>Galeopsis</italic> sp., living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=191.26&link_type=cbs">CBS 191.26</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Noord-Brabant, Cromvoirt, on living leaves of <italic>G. tetrahit</italic>, 2 June 1963, H.A. van der Aa <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18097&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18097</ext-link>; prov. Gelderland, Putten, on living leaves of <italic>G. tetrahit</italic>, 8 Aug. 1984, G. de Hoog <italic>s.n.,</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18100&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18100</ext-link>; prov. Utrecht, Soest, on living leaves of <italic>G. tetrahit</italic>, 4 Aug. 1999, G. Verkley 902, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21195&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21195</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102314&link_type=cbs">CBS 102314</ext-link>; prov. Limburg, St. Jansberg near Plasmolen, on living leaves of <italic>G. tetrahit</italic>, 9 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 934, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21215&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21215</ext-link> “MBT175356”, living culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102411&link_type=cbs">CBS 102411</ext-link>. <bold>Romania</bold>, distr. Satu-Mare, Pir, on living leaves of <italic>G. ladanum</italic>, 27 Aug. 1973, G. Negrean <italic>s.n.,</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18098&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18098</ext-link>.</p><p id="P197"><italic>Notes</italic>: Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) reported comparable conidial size ranges in specimens on different host species, viz. <italic>G. speciosa</italic> (extreme values 20-64 × 1-2.5 μm) and <italic>G. tetrahit</italic> (28-60 × 1-2 μm), although in most Norwegian collections on <italic>G. tetrahit,</italic> the maximum conidial length varied downwards to 48 μm. In the original diagnosis of <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic> conidia are described as 30-40 × 1-1.5 μm (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R52">Saccardo 1884</xref>), while Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">1973</xref>) reported measurements ranging between 20-45 μm in length in collections on various hosts. In the type material from BR investigated here conidia are mostly 3-5-septate, 19-40 × 1.5-2 μm. In other material available for the present study, maximum length of conidia was only 44 μm <italic>in planta</italic>, whereas the strains obtained from it were capable of forming conidia with a maximum length of 70 μm on OA. The differences with <italic>S. lamiicola</italic> are discussed under that species.</p><p id="P198"><italic>Septoria galeopsidis</italic> is closely related to only some of the other <italic>Septoria</italic> species occurring on plants from the family <italic>Lamiaceae</italic>, especially <italic>S. melissae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109097&link_type=cbs">CBS 109097</ext-link>) and <italic>S. stachydis. Septoria lamiicola</italic> on <italic>Lamium</italic> spp., which is morphologically quite similar to <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic>, proves genetically very distinct, although these taxa can barely be distinguished by their ITS sequence (99.5 %). Several house-keeping genes do allow an easy identification of these species.</p><p id="P199"><bold><italic>Septoria heraclei</italic></bold> (Lib.) Desm., Pl. crypt. Fr., Fasc. 11, no 534. 1831. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F21">Fig. 21</xref>.</p><fig id="F21" position="float"><label>Fig. 21.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria heraclei</italic>, conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21224&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21224</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig21"></graphic></fig><p id="P200"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Ascochyta heraclei</italic> Lib., Pl. crypt. Ard., Cent. 1: no. 51. 1830.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Cylindrosporium heraclei</italic> (Lib.) Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl. 115, I: 378. 1906 [non Oudem. 1873, nec Ellis & Everh. 1888].</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phloeospora heraclei</italic> (Lib.) Petr., Annls mycol. 17: 71. 1919 [non (Lib.) Maire, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 46: 241. 1930].</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Cylindrosporium umbelliferarum</italic> Wehm., Mycologia 39: 475. 1947. nom. nov.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria heraclei-palmati</italic> Maire, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 21: 167. 1905.</p></list-item></list><p id="P201"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots numerous but small, irregular in outline, best visible on the upper side of the leaf, initially yellowish or ochreous, later becoming pale to dark brown, in places white due to loosening of the epidermis. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pseudopycnidial, hypophyllous, one, rarely up to three in each leaf spot, lenticular, immersed, the upper wall rupturing in an early stage and conidial masses breaking through the leaf epidermis, pale brown, 115-200 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> absent; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 15-28 μm thick, composed of an outer layer of pale brown angular cells, 5-10 μm diam with somewhat thickened walls, and an inner layer of thin-walled, pale yellow angular to globose cells, 4.5-8 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, cylindrical, or broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently one to several times with distinct annellations, sometimes also sympodially, 10-25 × 5-7(-8) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, usually strongly curved, attenuated gradually to a blunt to somewhat pointed apex, attenuated gradually, or more abruptly just above the broadly truncate base, (0-)1-2(-4)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with numerous small oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with amorphous granular contents in the rehydrated state, 40-55(-70) × 4-6 μm (living; rehydrated, 3-5 μm wide).</p><p id="P202"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: Several attempts were made to isolate this species but unfortunately no conidia survived after germination.</p><p id="P203"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Heracleum</italic> spp.</p><p id="P204"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Ötz near Habichen, on living leaves of <italic>Heracleum sphondylium</italic>, 24 July 2000, G. Verkley 1002, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21186&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21186</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Limburg, Gulpen, near Stokhem, on living leaves of <italic>H. sphondylium</italic>, 28 June 2000, G. Verkley 957, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21224&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21224</ext-link>; same substr., Prov. Limburg, upper edge of Savelsbos, G. Verkley 959, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21225&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21225</ext-link>.</p><p id="P205"><italic>Notes</italic>: The conidia of this fungus are much wider than in most other <italic>Septoria</italic> species on <italic>Apiaceae</italic>. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) reported conidia 35-57 × 3-5 μm, usually with 1 septum. Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) observed conidia up to 85 μm long, and 1.8-3.5 μm wide. <italic>Septoria heraclei-palmati</italic> was originally described from <italic>Heracleum palmatum</italic> in Greece, with 1-septate conidia, 50-70 × 3 μm. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) already considered this name as a synonym of <italic>S. heraclei</italic>. Other authors have mostly accepted <italic>S. heracleicola</italic> as a further <italic>Septoria</italic> species on <italic>Heracleum</italic>, describing the conidia as continuous and ranging roughly in size 20-40 × 1-2 μm (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> 1973</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">Teterevnikova-Babayan 1987</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> 1997</xref>). Four further <italic>Septoria</italic> and two <italic>Rhabdospora</italic> species have been described in the literature based on material found on various members of the genus <italic>Heracleum</italic>, all of which according to their original descriptions have conidia more or less within this range, so with much narrower conidia than <italic>S. heraclei</italic>.</p><p id="P206"><bold><italic>Septoria hypochoeridis</italic></bold> Petrov, Materialy po mikol. i fitopat. Rossii (Leningrad) 6 (1): 55. 1927. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F22">Fig. 22</xref>.</p><fig id="F22" position="float"><label>Fig. 22.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria hypochoeridis</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21234&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21234</ext-link>. A, B. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic>. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig22"></graphic></fig><p id="P207"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots scattered, 2-5 mm diam, definite, circular, hologenous, grey to white in the centre, surrounded by a slightly elevated, dark reddish purple or black zone. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, hypophyllous, one to a few in each leaf spot, (sub)globose, immersed, dark brown, 60-95 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, 15-28 μm diam, surrounded by darker cells; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 10-20 μm thick, composed of an outer layer isodiametric or more irregular cells, 5-10 μm diam, with somewhat thickened, pale brown walls, and an inner layer of thin-walled, hyaline angular to globose cells, 4.5-7 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, cylindrical, or broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, percurrent proliferation not observed, 8-15 × 3.5-4(-5.5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight to slightly curved, attenuated gradually to a somewhat pointed apex, or more abruptly just above the broadly truncate base, 0-1(-2)-septate, not constricted at the septum, hyaline, contents with granular material in the rehydrated state, 15-24 × 1-1.5 μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P208"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: No cultures could be obtained. Conidia placed on MEA and OA died shortly after germination.</p><p id="P209"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Hypochoeris radicata</italic> and other <italic>Hypochoeris</italic> spp.</p><p id="P210"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>New Zealand</bold>, North Island, Taupo distr., Tongariro Nat. Park, Taurewa, along road 47, on decaying leaf base of <italic>Hypochoeris radicata</italic>, 25 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 1871, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21234&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21234</ext-link>.</p><p id="P211"><italic>Additional material examined</italic>: <bold>New Zealand</bold>, North Island, Taupo distr., Lake Taupo, shoreline E of Motutaiko Island, on living leaves of <italic>Crepis capillaris</italic>, 25 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 1870, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21235&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21235</ext-link>.</p><p id="P212"><italic>Notes</italic>: The material on <italic>Hypochoeris radicata</italic> from New Zealand agrees well with the original description and drawing of <italic>Septoria hypochoeridis</italic>; conidia are reported as continuous to 1-septate, 19-22 × 1.5 μm. According to Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>), the conidia of this species can be somewhat larger, 20-25 × 1.5-2 μm, and <italic>Hypochoeris grandiflora</italic> is also infected. <italic>Rhabdospora hypochoeridis</italic> was described from dead stems of <italic>H. radicata</italic> in Germany, with curved conidia, 16-30 × 0.6-1 μm, which, according to Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>), is suggestive of a <italic>Phomopsis</italic> with β-conidia rather than a <italic>Septoria</italic>. Another species ocurring on this host and other <italic>Asteraceae</italic> is <italic>Septoria lagenophorae</italic>, which occurs in association with <italic>Puccinia</italic> spp. and other fungi (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>). This fungus can be distinguished from <italic>S. hypochoeridis</italic> by 1-2-septate conidia, 15-32 μm long, and conidiogenous cells which are not proliferating sympodially but produce successive conidia enteroblastically at the same level through a narrow opening (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>), so appearing phialidic.</p><p id="P213">The collection on <italic>Crepis capillaris</italic> studied here may also belong to <italic>S. hypochoeridis</italic>, but no earlier reports from the host genus <italic>Crepis</italic> have been documented. This material agrees in all morphological characters with the collection on <italic>Hypochoeris</italic>, but the conidia lack septa. It is certainly morphologically different from <italic>Septoria crepidis</italic>, which produces much larger, mostly 3-septate conidia [22-55 × 1.5-2(-2.5) cf. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">Shin & Sameva 2004</xref>]. The <italic>S. crepidis</italic> strains <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128608&link_type=cbs">CBS 128608</ext-link> (= KACC 42396), 128619 (= KACC 43092) and 131895 (= CPC 12539) isolated from <italic>Crepis japonica</italic> (syn. <italic>Youngia japonica</italic>) in South Korea, group with <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128650&link_type=cbs">CBS 128650</ext-link>, <italic>Septoria</italic> sp. (originally identified as <italic>S. taraxaci</italic>), but by lack of cultures and molecular data for <italic>S. hypochoeridis</italic> the phylogenetic relationship with <italic>S. crepidis</italic> and allied <italic>Septoria</italic> remains to be resolved.</p><p id="P214"><bold><italic>Septoria lactucae</italic></bold> Pass., Atti Soc. crittog. ital. 2: 34. 1879 [non Peck, Bot. Gaz. 4: 170. 1879. Later homonym, nom. illeg. Art. 53]. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F23">Fig. 23</xref>.</p><fig id="F23" position="float"><label>Fig. 23.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria lactucae</italic>. A-D. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108943&link_type=cbs">CBS 108943</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On MEA. C. Colony margin on OA. D. Colony margin on MEA. E-I. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108943&link_type=cbs">CBS 108943</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig23"></graphic></fig><p id="P215"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 8-9 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even to undulating, colourless margin; colonies spreading to restricted, immersed mycelium pale luteous, without aerial mycelium, conidiomata developing immersed and on the agar surface, mostly in the centre and in radiating rows, conidiomata releasing milky white to rosy-buff conidial masses; reverse hazel with a tinge of ochreous. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 4.5-6 mm diam in 2 wk, with a minutely ruffled, buff margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate, the surface almost black, with low and weakly developed, finely felted, white to grey aerial mycelium but also glabrous areas occur; reverse chestnut to brown-vinaceous. No sporulation observed.</p><p id="P216"><italic>Conidia</italic> (OA) filiform to cylindrical, weakly to strongly curved, attenuated gradually towards the relatively broadly, more rarely narrowly rounded apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly to a truncate base, hyaline, (0-)1-3-septate, contents granular and sometimes also with minute oil-droplets, (22-)28-38.5(-46) × 2-2.5 μm (living). Sexual morph unknown.</p><p id="P217"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Lactuca sativa</italic> and <italic>L. serriola</italic>.</p><p id="P218"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Potsdam, on leaf of <italic>Lactuca sativa</italic>, 20 Nov. 1958, G. Sörgel 628, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=352.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 352.58</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, on seed of <italic>L. sativa</italic>, Sep. 2000, P. Grooteman <italic>s.n.</italic>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108943&link_type=cbs">CBS 108943</ext-link>.</p><p id="P219"><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Septoria lactucae</italic> is the oldest name described in <italic>Septoria</italic> from the host <italic>Lactuca sativa</italic>. Three others have been described from lettuce (including two later homonyms), and another eight from other species of the genus <italic>Lactuca</italic>. Symptoms of the minor leaf spot disease of lettuce were described by Punithalingam & Holiday (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R45">1972</xref>). They describe the conidia as 1-2(-3)-septate, 25-40 × 1.5-2 μm. Muthumary (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">1999</xref>) examined the type and described the conidia as fusiform, straight to slightly curved, narrowed at the tip, truncate at the base, 1-3 septate, 32-52 (av. 35) × 2-2.5 μm. According to Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), conidia of <italic>S. lactucae</italic> are 19-48 × 1.5-2 μm with up to 2 septa, while Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) describes them as 1-3-septate, 22-33(-36) × 2-2.5(-3) μm. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128757&link_type=cbs">CBS 128757</ext-link> (KACC 43221) isolated from <italic>Sonchus asper</italic> in South Korea, and identified as <italic>Septoria sonchi</italic>, is very closely related and groups in a cluster with 100 % bootstrap support with the strains of <italic>S. lactucae</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>).</p><p id="P220"><bold><italic>Septoria lamiicola</italic></bold> Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 358. 1884. nom. nov. pro <italic>S. lamii</italic> Sacc., Michelia 1: 180. 1878. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F24">Fig. 24</xref>.</p><fig id="F24" position="float"><label>Fig. 24.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria lamiicola</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102329&link_type=cbs">CBS 102329</ext-link>. A-C. Colonies (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21181&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21181</ext-link>). E. Ibid. (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21216&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21216</ext-link>). F. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102380&link_type=cbs">CBS 102380</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig24"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Septoria heterochroa</italic> Roberge ex Desm. f. <italic>lamii</italic> Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 8: 22. 1847.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria lamii</italic> Westend., in Bellynck, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique 19: 63. 1852.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria lamii</italic> Pass., in Thüm., Mycoth. univ., Cent. 12, no 1183. 1878; Atti Soc. crittog. ital. 2: 37. 1879.</p></list-item></list><p id="P221"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots circular to angular, white to pale brown, surrounded by a dark brown border. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, several in each leaf spot, globose to subglobose, dark brown, immersed to semi-immersed, 65-100 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular, 20-35 μm wide, later up to 50 μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous or somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 12-25 μm thick, composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, the cells 3.5-8 μm diam, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells with hyaline and thinner walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, narrowly or broadly ampulliform with a relatively narrow neck, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, and towards the apex often also percurrently 1-many times with indistinct annellations, 5-10(-12) × 3.5-4(-5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to filiform-cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, rarely flexuous, with a rounded or somewhat pointed apex, attenuated towards the narrowly truncate base, (0-)3(-5)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (26-)35-50(-54) × 1.5-2.5(-3) μm (living; rehydrated, 1-2 μm wide; V1032, rehydrated, 33-52 × 1.5-2). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P222"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 8-14 mm diam in 2 wk (40-45 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies plane, immersed mycelium colourless to pale primrose or buff, later becoming homogeneously dark herbage green, soon appearing darker by numerous immersed and superficial pycnidial conidiomata, that release dirty white to rosy-buff conidial slime; aerial mycelium absent, only developing in the centre after several wk as a sharply delimited, dense, white, woolly floccose mat; reverse buff at the margin, inwards dark olivaceous-grey. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 4-8 mm diam in 2 wk (20-27 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous margin; as on OA but immersed mycelium more honey to pale luteous throughout, later becoming more greenish, the pycnidial conidiomata as on OA, but in more regular concentric rings, releasing rosy-buff, later salmon conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 7-9 mm diam in 2 wk (28-33 mm in 6 wk), with an even (later undulating), glabrous, buff to honey margin; colonies pustulate to almost hemispherical, immersed mycelium rather dark, locally covered by woolly to felty white aerial mycelium; mostly composed of spherical conidiomatal initials, superficial mature conidiomata releasing a dirty white, later buff conidial slime; reverse dark brick in the centre, near the margin cinnamon to honey. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 8-14 mm diam in 2 wk (35-42 mm in 6 wk), with an even, but later irregular, buff margin covered by a diffuse, felty white aerial mycelium; further as on MEA, but the colony surface less elevated, and more homogeneously covered by diffuse, felty, white aerial mycelium; conidial slime abundantly produced, first milky white, later dirty honey; reverse in the centre blood colour, dark brick at the margin.</p><p id="P223"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, first olivaceous, then almost black, glabrous, 150-450 μm diam, with 1-5 ostioli placed on short papillae or more elongated necks up to 350 μm long; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, proliferating sympodially and mostly also percurrently with distinct annellations, 8-16 × 3-8 μm; <italic>conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, tapering to a rounded apex, lower part slightly attenuated into a broad truncate base, (0-)1-5-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, with several oil-droplets and minute granular material in each cell, (34-)50-65(-70) × 2-3 μm.</p><p id="P224"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Lamium album, L. maculatum, L. purpureum</italic> and several other <italic>Lamium</italic> spp.</p><p id="P225"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Sulztal, Gries, alt. 1570 m, on living leaves of <italic>Lamium album</italic>, 1 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1032, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21181&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21181</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109112&link_type=cbs">CBS 109112</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109113&link_type=cbs">109113</ext-link>. <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Moravia, Pavlov, forest around ruin, on living leaves of <italic>Lamium</italic> sp., 18 Sep. 2008, G. Verkley 6020, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21251&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21251</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123882&link_type=cbs">CBS 123882</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123883&link_type=cbs">123883</ext-link>, and 6021, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21252&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21252</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123884&link_type=cbs">CBS 123884</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Limburg, St. Jansberg near Plasmolen, on living leaves of <italic>L. album</italic>, 9 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 925, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21207&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21207</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102328&link_type=cbs">CBS 102328</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102329&link_type=cbs">102329</ext-link>; prov. Gelderland, Millingen aan den Rijn, Millingerwaard, on living leaves of <italic>L. album</italic>, 6 Oct. 1999, G. Verkley 936, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21216&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21216</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102379&link_type=cbs">CBS 102379</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102380&link_type=cbs">102380</ext-link>.</p><p id="P226"><italic>Notes</italic>: According to Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), conidia of <italic>S. lamiicola</italic> are 3-septate, 24-60 × 1-2 μm, while Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>) reported 35-50 × 0.75-1.5 μm from seven <italic>Lamium</italic> species. For the current study, only fresh material on <italic>Lamium album</italic> was available. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) mentioned the resemblance of the conidia with those in <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic>, but also noted a difference in the wall thickness of the pycnidia, which we did not observe. A much more profound difference is seen between cultures of the two species, with colonies of <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic> on OA being opaque and dark olivaceous-black even at the margin, while colonies of <italic>S. lamiicola</italic> are more translucent yellowish to ochreous, becoming darker only due to the formation of pycnidia. Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) pointed towards differences in conidial width and conidiogenesis between <italic>S. lamiicola</italic> and <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic>, but having compared both species morphologically <italic>in planta</italic> and <italic>in vitro</italic>, we conclude that these species cannot be distinguished using these criteria. These two species are, however, readily distinguished by DNA sequence data, and the multilocus phylogeny provides evidence for a close relationship with <italic>S. matricariae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109000&link_type=cbs">CBS 109000</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109001&link_type=cbs">CBS 109001</ext-link>), while other <italic>Septoria</italic> occurring on the same plant family as <italic>S. lamiicola</italic> (<italic>Lamiaceae</italic>) are all much more distant (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>). The Austrian and Dutch collections of <italic>S. lamiicola</italic> on <italic>L. album</italic> are sufficiently homogenous to consider them conspecific.</p><p id="P227"><bold><italic>Septoria leucanthemi</italic></bold> Sacc. & Speg., in Saccardo, Michelia 1: 191. 1878. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F25">Fig. 25</xref>.</p><fig id="F25" position="float"><label>Fig. 25.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria leucanthemi</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109090&link_type=cbs">CBS 109090</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On MEA. C. On CHA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109090&link_type=cbs">CBS 109090</ext-link>). E, F. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21243&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21243</ext-link>). G. Conidia on MEA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109090&link_type=cbs">CBS 109090</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig25"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Rhabdospora leucanthemi</italic> (Sacc. & Speg.) Petr., Sydowia 11: 351. 1957.</p></list-item></list><p id="P228">For addditional synonyms see Punithalingam (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">1967b</xref>).</p><p id="P229"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots hologenous or epigenous, scattered, circular to irregular, pale to dull brown throughout or with whitish central area, indefinite with concentric zones or delimited by a slightly darker margin. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, predominantly epiphyllous, numerous scattered in each leaf spot, subglobose to globose, brown to black, semi-immersed, 130-220(-240) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, 35-100 μm wide, surrounding cells dark brown and with more thickened walls; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 8-12.5 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells, 2.5-5 μm diam with relatively thin, hyaline walls, surrounded by a layer of pale to dark brown angular to more irregular cells, 3-6.5 μm diam with slightly thickened walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores, cylindrical to doliiform, or ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently with indistinct annellations, or sympodially, 6-18 × 4-6.5(-7.5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to filiform-cylindrical, straight, curved, sometimes slightly flexuous, attenuated gradually to a narrowly rounded to pointed apex, widest near the base, where attenuating abruptly or more gradually into a narrowly truncate base, (5-)6-13-septate (later secondary septa are developed in some cells), not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (67-)80-100(-125) × 2.5-3.0(-3.5) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P230"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 6-8(-11) mm diam in 2 wk (11-14(-17) mm in 3 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies spreading, the surface plane, immersed mycelium pale buff, later more or less rosy-buff; in the centre complexes of pycnidial conidiomata with pale brown or olivaceous walls release masses of pale whitish to buff conidial slime; reverse concolorous, but honey in the centre. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 9-11(-13) mm diam in 2 wk (15-18 mm in 3 wk), as on OA, but with some white diffuse and high aerial hyphae in the centre, and later more elevated in the centre; reverse in the centre hazel to fawn after 3 wk; conidiomata much more numerous and larger than on OA, developing in concentric or random patterns as discrete, large acervuloid (later almost discoid to cupulate) stromata with olivaceous sterile tissues, releasing large masses of pale white to pale buff conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 7-10 mm diam in 2 wk (14-17 mm in 3 wk), with an even, colourless, glabrous margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate to hemispherical, the bumpy surface consisting of numerous protruding conidiomatal initials, appearing dark, with sepia, dark brick and cinnamon tinges, aerial mycelium mostly absent, locally dense, pure white and woolly; reverse mostly sepia to fawn or vinaceous buff. Sporulation only observed after about 7 wk. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 7-13 mm diam in 2 wk (15-20 mm in 3 wk), with an even, glabrous, pale vinaceous buff margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate to conical, the surface bumpy, immersed mycelium honey to hazel, covered by dense to diffuse, pure white, woolly aerial mycelium; conidiomata sparsely developing at the surface after 2 wk, the wall slightly darker than the surrounding hyphae, releasing pale white conidial slime (even after 3 wk); reverse cinnamon in the centre, vinaceous buff or pale ochreous at the margin.</p><p id="P231"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> and conidiogenous cells as <italic>in planta. Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, 5-13(-17)-septate, 70-125(-175) × 3-4 μm (OA).</p><p id="P232"><italic>Hosts</italic>: Various species of the genera <italic>Chrysanthemum, Tagetes, Achillea, Centaurea</italic> and <italic>Helianthus</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R76">Waddell & Weber 1963</xref>, Punithalingam <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">1967b</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">c</xref>).</p><p id="P233"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ober Inntal, Samnaun Gruppe, Böderweg on Lazidalm, on living leaves of <italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic>, 8 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1055, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21173&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21173</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109090&link_type=cbs">CBS 109090</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109091&link_type=cbs">109091</ext-link>; Same substr., Tirol, Zanderstal near Spiss, 11 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1069, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21170&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21170</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109083&link_type=cbs">CBS 109083</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109086&link_type=cbs">109086</ext-link>. <bold>Germany</bold>, Hamburg, on living leaves of <italic>Chr. maximum</italic>, Sep. 1958, R. Schneider <italic>s.n.</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18111&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18111</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=353.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 353.58</ext-link> = BBA 8504 = IMI 91322. <bold>New Zealand</bold>, Coromandel distr., Coromandel peninsula, Waikawau, coast along St. Hwy 25, on living leaves of <italic>Chr. leucanthemum</italic>, 22 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 1826, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21247&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21247</ext-link>; same substr., North Island, Coromandel, Tairua Forest, along roadside of St. Hway 25, near crossing 25A, 23 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 1842b, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21243&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21243</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113112&link_type=cbs">CBS 113112</ext-link>.</p><p id="P234"><italic>Notes</italic>: The six strains studied here showed minor differences in morphological characters and DNA sequences, which show highest similarity to sequences of <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128621&link_type=cbs">CBS 128621</ext-link>, an isolate originating from <italic>Cirsium setidens</italic> in South Korea, and identified as <italic>S. cirsii</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>). <italic>Septoria leucanthemi</italic> is also closely related to a number of other <italic>Septoria</italic> species from <italic>Asteraceae</italic>, such as <italic>S. senecionis</italic> and <italic>S. putrida</italic> (<italic>Senecio</italic> spp.), <italic>S. obesa</italic> (<italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> spp., <italic>Artemisia</italic>) and <italic>S. astericola</italic> (<italic>Aster</italic> sp.). It is confirmed here that <italic>Septoria obesa</italic>, which has been regarded as a synonym of <italic>S. leucanthemi</italic> by Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), should be treated as a separate species (see also the note on <italic>S. obesa</italic>).</p><p id="P235"><bold><italic>Septoria lycoctoni</italic></bold> Speg. ex Sacc., Michelia 2: 167. 1880. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F26">Fig. 26</xref>.</p><fig id="F26" position="float"><label>Fig. 26.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria lycoctoni</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109089&link_type=cbs">CBS 109089</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21155&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21155</ext-link>). E. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109089&link_type=cbs">CBS 109089</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig26"></graphic></fig><p id="P236"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots epigenous, numerous, circular to irregular, single or confluent, white to pale greyish, surrounded by an initially red, then dark brown to black and thickened border. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, inconspicuous, up to a few in each leaf spot, globose to subglobose, brown, immersed, 90-145(-220) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, more or less papillate, 25-55 μm wide; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 17-35 μm thick, composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic>, differentiated layers absent, the cells mostly 3.5-5(-11) μm diam, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells with thinner, hyaline walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, cylindrical, or elongated ampulliform with a relatively narrow neck which widens at the top, hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, 7-18 × 3.5-6 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight, more often curved, sometimes flexuous, gradually attenuated to the pointed apex, more or less attenuated towards the broadly truncate base, (0-)2-5(-6)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, with several oil-droplets and granular contents in each cell in the rehydrated state, 26-47 × 1.5-2 μm (rehydrated; up to 2.5 μm wide in the living state). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P237"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 9-11 mm diam in 2 wk (18-20 mm in 3 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; immersed mycelium mostly coral to scarlet, the pigment diffusing into the surrounding medium; in the centre black and slightly elevated with mostly superficial, glabrous pycnidia, surrounded by an area with more scattered pycnidia, releasing pale white to pale flesh droplets of conidial slime; aerial mycelium only present in the centre, but well-developed, dense, appressed, woolly, white or greyish, locally with a flesh haze; reverse scarlet to coral, the centre darker, blood colour. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 9-12 mm diam in 2 wk (17-19 mm in 3 wk), as on OA, but pycnidia more numerous, usually only formed in the centre of the colony. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA (3-)5-9 mm diam in 2 wk (13-18 mm in 3 wk), with an irregular margin; colonies restricted, the surface cerebriform to irregularly pustulate, up to 3 mm high, the surface pale brown, later black, at first almost glabrous, or (especially in brighter-coloured faster growing sectors/colonies) already covered by dense mat of pure white to flesh, woolly aerial mycelium, that later covers most of the colony surface; large masses of honey or pale amber conidial slime locally emerging from immersed conidiomata; reverse of the colony either dark brick or luteous to ochreous, paler towards the margin. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 8-13 mm diam in 2 wk (15-19(-22) mm in 3 wk), with an even or undulating, colourless margin mostly hidden under aerial hyphae; immersed mycelium greenish grey, grey-olivaceous to olivaceous-black, throughout covered by well-developed, tufty whitish grey aerial mycelium that later shows a reddish haze; reverse blood colour, but margin paler; in the central part of the colony numerous pycnidia develop, releasing pale whitish to rosy-buff conidial slime; in older colonies the central surface becomes cerebriform and about 3 mm high, much like on MEA.</p><p id="P238"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, pycnidial with barely protruding ostioli, which later often grow out to elongated necks up 50-150 μm long; on CMA less differentiated and fairly large, opening by tearing of the upper wall; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but larger, 9-25 × 3.5-7.5 μm, proliferating sympodially and also percurrently, but annellations on the necks are inconspicuous; <italic>conidia</italic> similar in shape as <italic>in planta</italic> but longer, 3-5(-6)-septate, 30-75 × 1.5-2.5 μm.</p><p id="P239"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Aconitum vulparia</italic> (= <italic>A. lycoctoni</italic>), <italic>A. anthora, A. conversiflorum</italic> and several other <italic>Aconitum</italic> spp.</p><p id="P240"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Ober Inntal, Samnaun Gruppe, Lawenalm near Serfaus, alt. 2000 m., on living leaves of <italic>Aconitum vulparia</italic> (syn. <italic>A. lycoctonum</italic>), 8 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1053, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21155&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21155</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109089&link_type=cbs">CBS 109089</ext-link>.</p><p id="P241"><italic>Notes</italic>: In the diagnosis of <italic>S. lycoctoni</italic>, the conidia were described as “indistinctly multiseptate”, measuring 25-35 × 1.5-2 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R52">Saccardo 1884</xref>). This fungus was found on <italic>A. lycoctonum</italic> in Italy. Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>) gave conidial size ranges of 25-70 × 1-2 μm for this species, and she included several of the varieties which were described after 1880, viz., var. <italic>sibirica</italic> 1896, var. <italic>macrospora</italic> 1909, var. <italic>anthorae</italic> 1928. Petrak (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R38">1957</xref>) observed conidia 20-60 (rarely 70 to 80) × 1.5-2 μm in his collection on <italic>Aconitum moldavicum</italic>.</p><p id="P242">The colonies of <italic>Septoria lycoctoni</italic> and <italic>S. napelli</italic> look very similar on all media tested, although in <italic>S. napelli</italic> more red pigment seems to be produced than in <italic>S. lycoctoni</italic>, and the conidial slime is salmon rather than flesh. The two species can more readily be distinguished from each other by the shape of their conidia. In <italic>S. lycoctoni</italic>, the mature conidia only attenuate towards the apex above the uppermost septum, while in <italic>S. napelli</italic>, the tapering of the conidium walls is visible below the second septum from the top. The difference between the conidia of these species is also clear on the plant. Because the conidia of <italic>S. napelli</italic> are wider, the septa and the attenuations are easier to observe. In the case of <italic>S. lycoctoni</italic> the apical attenuation of conidia is not so clear, which may explain why Petrak (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R38">1957</xref>), who compared this species also to collections identified as <italic>S. napelli</italic> (but for reasons explained below probably misidentified), circumscribed the conidia of <italic>S. lycoctoni</italic> as not-attenuated.</p><p id="P243">The strains of <italic>S. napelli</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109104-109106&link_type=cbs">CBS 109104-109106</ext-link>) originating from <italic>Aconitum napellus</italic> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109089&link_type=cbs">CBS 109089</ext-link> of <italic>S. lycoctoni</italic> are very closely related and form a monophyletic group in the multilocus phylogeny (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>).</p><p id="P244"><bold><italic>Septoria lysimachiae</italic></bold> (Lib.) Westend., Bull. Acad. r. Belg., Cl. Sci., Sér. 2, 19: 120. 1852. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F27">Fig. 27</xref>.</p><fig id="F27" position="float"><label>Fig. 27.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria lysimachiae</italic>. A-C. Colonies (15 °C, nUV). A. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123794&link_type=cbs">CBS 123794</ext-link> on OA. B. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108998&link_type=cbs">CBS 108998</ext-link> on MEA. C. Ibid., colony margin on MEA. D. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21196&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21196</ext-link>). E. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108998&link_type=cbs">CBS 108998</ext-link>). F. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21196&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21196</ext-link>). G. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108998&link_type=cbs">CBS 108998</ext-link>). H. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108999&link_type=cbs">CBS 108999</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig27"></graphic></fig><p id="P245"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Ascochyta lysimachiae</italic> Lib., Pl. Crypt. Ard. Fasc. 3, 252. 1834.</p><p id="P246"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions indefinite, usually only a few scattered over the leaf lamina, or a single one, most often developing from the tip to the petiole, greyish to reddish brown. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, immersed, subglobose to globose, black, 95-120(-165) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, initially 25-35 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 90 μm wide, surrounding cells concolourous; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-20 μm thick, composed of an outer layer of angular to irregular cells mostly 4.5-10 μm diam with pale to orange brown walls, and an inner layer of isodiametric, hyaline cells 3-6 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, cylindrical, or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, and often also percurrently showing 1-3 indistinct annellations on a neck-like protrusion, 8-15 × 3-5(-6) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical to filiform-cylindrical, slightly to strongly curved, rarely somewhat flexuous, narrowly rounded to pointed at the apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly towards a narrowly truncate base, (0-)3-5, later with secondary septa dividing the cells, conidia sometimes breaking up into smaller fragments in the cirrhus, not or slightly constricted around the septa, hyaline, containing several large oil-droplets and granular material in the living and rehydrated state, (28-)35-70(-88) × 2.5-3.5 (-4) μm (living; rehydrated, 2.0-3 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P247"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA rather variable in growth speed and pigmentation, 3.5-7 mm diam in 1 wk (20-26 mm in 2 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies spreading, flat,immersed mycelium first mostly buff, then either rosy-buff to pale salmon turning olivaceous or hazel, or long colourless and later becoming olivaceous-black to greenish black; aerial mycelium woolly-floccose, white or greyish, mostly developing only in the centre; reverse olivaceous-black to greenish grey or dark slate blue to black. Conidiomata developing scarcely immersed in the agar, producing small amounts of conidia that are released as rosy-buff droplet. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 2-4 mm diam in 1 wk (15-20 mm in 3 wk), as on OA, but centre of the colony somewhat elevated, and colourlous marginal zone narrow, immersed mycelium becoming more rapidly pigmented with a vinaceous buff tint, in the centre becoming brown-vinaceous; reverse hazel, in the centre almost black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 3.5-6 mm diam in 1 wk (8-17(-19) mm in 3 wk), with an even to slightly ruffled, buff to rosy-buff, glabrous margin; some strains with a more uneven outline, strongly fimbriate, with faster growing deeply immersed mycelium often extending well beyond the colony margin at the level of the agar surface; colonies spreading, but often distinctly elevated or irregularly pustulate in the centre; immersed mycelium variable in colour, buff, ochreous or brownish, and in the faster growing sectors often with a glaucous haze; aerial mycelium diffuse to dense, pure white, (vinaceous) greyish or brownish, finely felted to woolly; reverse versicoloured, margin and parts of faster growing sectors buff to honey, in other parts darker, hazel to brown-vinaceous, sometimes mostly olivaceous-black. Some strains show a conspicuous halo of diffusing reddish pigment (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108996&link_type=cbs">CBS 108996</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108997&link_type=cbs">108997</ext-link>). Scarce dark conidiomata beginning to develop in the centre after 1 wk, releasing pale white droplets of conidial slime after about 3 wk. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 2-4(-6) mm diam in 1 wk [18-24(-26) mm in 21 d], with an even or slightly ruffled, glabrous, colourless to buff margin; colonies irregularly pustulate, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black; aerial mycelium soon covering most of the colony, woolly-floccose, smoke grey with an olivaceous haze, locally grey-olivaceous, in slightly faster growing sectors sometimes pure white; reverse mostly brown-vinaceous. Superficial, blackish conidiomata in the centre releasing pale rosy-buff to white masses of conidial slime after 1 wk; reverse mostly blood colour, or fawn and brown-vinaceous in the centre.</p><p id="P248"><italic>Conidia</italic> (OA) cylindrical, slightly to strongly curved to flexuous, narrowly rounded to somewhat pointed at the apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly towards a truncate base, mostly 3-7(-11)-septate, including the soon formed secondary septa, cells soon loosing their turgesence and often separating into smaller fragments, in the turgescent state constricted around the septa, hyaline, with many vacuuoles and also containing several large oil-droplets and granular material in the living state and rehydrated state, (30-)40-80-(90) × 2.5-3.5 (-4) μm (living; rehydrated NT 2.0-3 μm wide).</p><p id="P249"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Lysimachia</italic> spp.</p><p id="P250"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Belgium</bold>, near Namur, on leaves of <italic>Lysimachia vulgaris</italic>, Bellynck, <bold>isotype</bold> BR-MYCO 145978-90, also distributed in M. A. Libert, Pl. Crypt. Ard. Fasc. 3, no. 253. <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Mikulov, on living leaves of <italic>Lysimachia</italic> sp., 15 Sep. 2008, G. Verkley 6004, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21255&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21255</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123794&link_type=cbs">CBS 123794</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123795&link_type=cbs">123795</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Utrecht, Baarn, De Hooge Vuursche, in the forest, on <italic>L. vulgaris</italic>, 22 June 2000, G. Verkley 955, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21227&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21227</ext-link> “MBT175357”, living cultures ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108998&link_type=cbs">CBS 108998</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108999&link_type=cbs">108999</ext-link>; Prov. Utrecht, Soest, Stadhouderslaan near monument “De Naald”, on living leaves of <italic>L.vulgaris</italic>, 4 Aug. 1999, G. Verkley 903, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21196&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21196</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102315&link_type=cbs">CBS 102315</ext-link>; Prov. Gelderland, Amerongen, Park Kasteel Amerongen, on living leaves of <italic>L. vulgaris</italic>, 11 July 2000, G. Verkley 971, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21230&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21230</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108996&link_type=cbs">CBS 108996</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108997&link_type=cbs">108997</ext-link>.</p><p id="P251"><italic>Notes</italic>: Shin & Sameva (2003) provided a detailed description of <italic>S. lysimachiae</italic> (conidia 35-80 × 1.5-2.5 μm, 3-7-septate). In the type material from BR the conidia are mostly 3-5-septate, 25-72 × 2.5-3.5 μm, and very similar in shape to those observed in the material that was collected from the field for the present study. The isolates show more variation in colony characters than observed in most other species of <italic>Septoria</italic>, but this phenotypic heterogeneity is neither reflected in the sporulating structures nor in the sequence data obtained. The EF, Btub and RPB2 gene sequences proved 100 % identical among strains originating from the Netherlands (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102315&link_type=cbs">CBS 102315</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108998&link_type=cbs">108998</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108999&link_type=cbs">108999</ext-link>) and Czech Republic (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123794&link_type=cbs">CBS 123794</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123795&link_type=cbs">123795</ext-link>), while differences found between the Dutch and Czech isolates for Cal and Act were only 3 (99.3 % similarity) and 1 bp (99.6 %), respectively. It is concluded therefore that the material studied belongs to a single species. <italic>Septoria saccardoi</italic>, based on material from <italic>Lysimachia vulgaris</italic> in Italy, is characterised by cylindrical, curved, 3-septate conidia, 38-40 × 3.5 μm (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R54">Saccardo 1906</xref>). Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>) describe this species in detail based on an isolate originating from of <italic>Lysimachia vulgaris</italic> var. <italic>davuricai</italic> in Korea (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128665&link_type=cbs">CBS 128665</ext-link> =KACC 43962) and because it is distant to other septoria-like fungi, they propose a new genus name to accommodate it, <italic>Xenoseptoria</italic>. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128758&link_type=cbs">CBS 128758</ext-link>, isolated from <italic>L. clethoroides</italic> in Korea was identified as <italic>S. lysimachiae</italic>, but based on sequence analyses it is a distant fungus belonging in the genus <italic>Sphaerulina</italic>.</p><p id="P252"><bold><italic>Septoria matricariae</italic></bold> Hollós, Annls Mus. nat. Hung. 8: 5. 1910 [non Syd. 1921; nec Cejp, Fassatiova & Zavrel, Zpravy 153: 13. 1971; later homonyms]. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F28">Fig. 28</xref>.</p><fig id="F28" position="float"><label>Fig. 28.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria matricariae</italic>. A. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21228&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21228</ext-link>). B. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109001&link_type=cbs">CBS 109001</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig28"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>S. chamomillae</italic> Andrian., Mikol. i Fitopat. 30: 10. 1996. Nom. nov. pro <italic>S. matricariae</italic> Syd., Annls mycol. 19: 143. 1921; nom. illeg. Art. 53 [non Marchal & Sternon, 1923].</p></list-item><list-item><p>?= <italic>S. chamomillae</italic> Marchal & Sternon, Bull. Soc. r. Bot. Belg. 55: 50. 1922.</p></list-item></list><p id="P253"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> lesions indefinite, leaves becoming affected from the top towards base, discolouring to yellow and brown. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, amphigenous, numerous, more or less evenly dispersed over the affected area, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, immersed, 75-125(-150) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, often papillate, breaking through the leaf epidermis, 25-43(-50) μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous or somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-20 μm thick, composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, the cells 2-6 μm diam, the outer cells with yellowish brown, thickened walls, the inner cells with hyaline, also relatively thick walls; <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete or integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores up to 17.5 μm long, doliiform, narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially and/or also percurrently with one or two indistinct annellations, 3.5-10 × 3-4.5(-5.5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight, curved or slightly flexuous, attenuated gradually towards a relatively narrowly rounded to pointed apex, barely attenuated towards the broadly truncate base, indistinctly (1-)2-3(-6)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around septa, hyaline, contents with a few minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, 41-58 × 2-3 μm (living; rehydrated, 1.5-2.4 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P254"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 19-24 mm diam in 3 wk (44-48 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies spreading, the surface plane, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black to very dark dull green, with numerous dark, radiating hyphae, almost entirely glabrous, few tufts of greyish aerial mycelium in the centre; numerous scattered single or complex pycnidial conidiomata developed already after 1 wk, with a single ostiole or several papillate or rostrate openings, from which pale rosy-buff droplets of conidial slime are released; reverse concolourous. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 16-18(-20) mm diam in 3 wk (38-50 mm in 6 wk), as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 9-12(-14) mm diam in 3 wk (27-39 mm in 6 wk), with an even to slightly ruffled buff margin; colonies restricted, conical and up to 3 mm high after 3 wk, immersed mycelium near the margin grey-olivaceous, but most of the colony surface iron grey to greenish black, the outer areas mostly covered by a low but dense, finely felted, grey aerial mycelium, the centre almost glabrous; superficial semi-immersed conidiomata releasing pale whitish droplets of conidial slime after 2-3 wk; reverse mostly dark slate blue with olivaceous areas. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 16-22 mm diam in 3 wk (39-46 mm in 6 wk), as on MEA, but conidiomata more numerous, releasing pale whitish to pale rosy-buff droplets or cirrhi of conidial slime, and reverse with a brown-vinaceous tinge.</p><p id="P255"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, pycnidial with a single ostiolum, dark brown to black, rarely merged into complex fruitbodies; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but larger and more often integrated in 1-3-septate conidiophores, 10-15(-23) × 3-6(-7) μm; <italic>conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but longer, 36-78(-90) × (1.6-)1.7-2.2 μm, contents several oil-droplets in each cell.</p><p id="P256"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Matricaria</italic> spp.</p><p id="P257"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Limburg, Zuid-Limburg, along roadside near Savelsbos, on living leaves of <italic>Matricaria discoidea</italic> (= <italic>M. matricarioides</italic>), 28 June 2000, G. Verkley 960, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21228&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21228</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109000&link_type=cbs">CBS 109000</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109001&link_type=cbs">109001</ext-link>. <bold>Romania</bold>, Suceava, Siret, on leaves of <italic>M. discoidea</italic>, 7 July 1969, distributed in Contantinescu & Negrean, Herb. mycol. Romanicum Fasc. 40, no. 199, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18115&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18115</ext-link>.</p><p id="P258"><italic>Notes</italic>: The phylogenetic analyses indicate that <italic>S. matricariae</italic> is closest to <italic>S. lamiicola</italic>, yet rather distant from other <italic>Septoria</italic> occurring on <italic>Asteraceae.</italic> The indefinite lesions caused by this species are reminiscent of those developed by <italic>S. stellariae</italic> on <italic>Stellaria media</italic>. The leaves seem to whither more rapidly and pycnidia develop soon after discolouration of the leaf tissues starts. Stems are not affected. In the original diagnosis of <italic>S. matricariae</italic>, based on material from <italic>Matricaria discoidea</italic> in Hungary, the conidia are described as continuous and 40-60 × 2-2.5 μm. The Dutch and also the Romanian material studied here contain conidia with mostly 1-3 septa, but otherwise agree well with Hollós’ description of the type. According to Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">1973</xref>) the conidia in material from the same host plant are also continuous, measuring 25-50 × 1.5-2 μm. As in several other <italic>Septoria</italic> spp., the septa in <italic>S. matricariae</italic> are not easy to observe, and Hollós and others may have overlooked them.</p><p id="P259">Sydow described a <italic>Septoria</italic> under the same name from <italic>Matricaria chamomilla</italic> in Germany with multiseptate conidia 30-60 × 1-1.5 μm. The name he proposed was illegitimate because it is a later homonym of <italic>S. matricariae</italic> Hollós, as is also <italic>S. matricariae</italic> Cejp <italic>et al.. Septoria chamomillae</italic> was also described from <italic>M. chamomillae</italic> in Belgium and has 3-5-septate conidia 35-52 × 1-2 μm. Although we have not seen the types of either of these names, we consider them tentatively as synonyms of <italic>S. matricariae</italic>.</p><p id="P260"><bold><italic>Septoria melissae</italic></bold> Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot., 20: 87. 1853. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F29">Fig. 29</xref>.</p><fig id="F29" position="float"><label>Fig. 29.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria melissae</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109097&link_type=cbs">CBS 109097</ext-link>. A-C. Colonies (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On MEA. C. On MEA, detail of colony margin. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA. E-F. Conidia on OA. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig29"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phloeospora melissae</italic> (Desm.) Parisi, Bull. Bot. R. Univ. Napoli 6: 292. 1921.</p></list-item></list><p id="P261"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 12-13 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even to slightly ruffled, mostly colourless margin; colonies restricted to spreading, somewhat elevated in the centre, immersed mycelium greenish black, with greenish hyphal strands radiating into or even beyond the colourless margin, the surface mostly glabrous or provided with very diffuse, finely felted, grey aerial hyphae, the elevations in the centre bearing tufts of more well-developed, grey aerial mycelium; conidiomata developing mostly in the centre immersed or on the agar surface, releasing pale rosy to rosy-buff conidial slime. No diffusing pigment observed. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 5-7(-9) mm diam in 2 wk, with a slightly ruffled margin; colonies restricted, pustulate with cerebriform elevations in the centre, the surface black, covered by a diffuse to dense mat of finely felted, mostly grey aerial mycelium; reverse very dark brown-vinaceous. Conidiomata sparsely developing on the colony surface, releasing dirty reddish brown conidial slime. A very faint pigment is visible around the colony.</p><p id="P262"><italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> (OA) globose to ampulliform, holoblastic, hyaline, discrete or integrated in 1(-2)-septate conidiophores, proliferating sympodially, percurrent proliferation not observed, 4-10 × 3-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight to flexuous, weakly to more strongly curved, attenuated gradually to a narrowly rounded, typically pointed apex, attenuated gradually to a narrowly truncate to somewhat rounded base, hyaline, with fine granular material and minute oil-droplets, (0-)3(-5)-septate, (22-)30-50(-61) × 1.5-2 μm. <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P263"><italic>Host</italic>: <italic>Melissa officinalis</italic>.</p><p id="P264"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Baarn, garden Eemnesserweg, on living leaves of <italic>Melissa officinalis</italic>, 11 Sep. 2000, H.A. van der Aa <italic>s.n.</italic> (G. Verkley 1073), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21169&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21169</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109096&link_type=cbs">CBS 109096</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109097&link_type=cbs">109097</ext-link>.</p><p id="P265"><italic>Notes</italic>: This species is the only <italic>Septoria</italic> described from the genus <italic>Melissa.</italic> The type material originates from <italic>Melissa officinalis</italic> in France (not seen). According to the short original diagnosis, <italic>S. melissae</italic> produces conidia 30 × 1.6 μm, and no septa were reported. Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">1973</xref>) described the conidia as continuous or with 1-3 septa, 25-38 × 1.6 μm. These measurements agree quite well with those given by Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>; 28-38 × 1.5 μm), but Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) gave a much wider range of measurements, 20.5-58 × 1.5-2.2 μm (septa 2-5). Genetically <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109097&link_type=cbs">CBS 109097</ext-link> is very closely related to <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic>, but a 5 bp insertion found in the Btub gene is absent in all sequenced strains of <italic>S. galeopsidis. Septoria melissae</italic> can furthermore be distinguished in culture from <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic> by the narrower conidia on OA (1.5-2 μm, in <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic> 2-2.5 μm), and the conidiogenous cells, which only proliferate sympodially and not percurrently.</p><p id="P266"><bold><italic>Septoria napelli</italic></bold> Speg, Decades mycologicae italicae I-XII: no. 117. 1879; Atti Soc. crittog. ital., Ser. 2, 3: 69. 1880. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F30">Fig. 30</xref>.</p><fig id="F30" position="float"><label>Fig. 30.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria napelli</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109104&link_type=cbs">CBS 109104</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109104&link_type=cbs">CBS 109104</ext-link>). E. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21153&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21153</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig30"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Rhabdospora napelli</italic> (Speg.) Petr., Sydowia 11: 376. 1957 [misapplication].</p></list-item></list><p id="P267"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots hologenous, circular to irregular, single, white to pale greyish, surrounded by a first red, then black, relatively wide border, often completely blackening the narrow leaflets. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, rarely also hypohyllous, conspicuous, one to many in each leaf spot, globose to subglobose, black, semi-immersed, 100-150(-200) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, initially 15-25 μm wide, later opening more widely; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 15-28 μm thick, composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic>, differentiated layers absent, the cells mostly 4-10 μm diam, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells with hyaline and thinner walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, cylindrical, broadly to narrowly ampulliform, with a distinct neck of variable length, hyaline, holoblastic, with several distinct percurrent proliferations, more rarely also sympodial after a sequence of percurrent proliferations of the same cell, 10-22 × 3.5-8 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight, more often irregularly curved, gradually attenuated to the pointed apex, weakly or more distinctly attenuated towards the broadly truncate base, (3-)4-5(-7)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, with several relatively large oil-droplets and also minute granular contents in each cell in the rehydrated state, 59-80 × (1.5-)2-3.5 μm (rehydrated; up to 4 μm wide in the living state). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P268"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 9-15 mm diam in 2 wk (45-53 mm in 49 d), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; immersed mycelium coral to scarlet, with pigment diffusing beyond the colony margin; colony becoming black in the centre and somewhat elevated due to superficial pycnidia, surrounded by an area with more scattered pycnidia, releasing flesh to salmon droplets of conidial slime; aerial mycelium well-developed and dense in the centre, appressed, woolly, white to pale grey; reverse scarlet to coral, in the centre blood colour. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 8-12 mm diam in 2 wk (62-65 mm in 49 d), as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 5-9 mm diam in 2 wk (38-44 mm in 49 d), the margin irregular; colonies restricted, with a cerebriform surface, becoming about 5 mm high, the surface soon black, first almost glabrous, later mostly covered by a dense mat of white to flesh, woolly aerial mycelium; honey or amber conidial slime masses are released from immersed pycnidia; reverse of the colony dark brick or luteous, paler towards the margin. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 8-13 mm diam in 2 wk (55-58 mm in 49 d), with an even or undulating, colourless margin, partly hidden under aerial hyphae; immersed mycelium grey-olivaceous or olivaceous-black, covered with well-developed, grey and partly greenish glaucous, later reddish, aerial mycelium; reverse blood colour, the margin paler; in the central part of the colony numerous pycnidia develop, releasing rosy-buff conidial slime.</p><p id="P269"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> as <italic>in vitro</italic> pycnidial, ostioli initially barely protruding, but later often growing out to form elongated necks up to 100 μm long; on CMA conidiomata less differentiated, sometimes without ostiolum and opening by tearing of the upper wall; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but larger, 10-32 × 3.5-8.5(-10) μm, proliferating sympodially and also percurrently, with distinct annellations on the elonated necks. <italic>Conidia</italic> similar in shape as <italic>in planta</italic> but longer, 5-7(-11)-septate, 64-95(-118) × 2-3.5(-4) μm.</p><p id="P270"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Aconitum</italic> spp.</p><p id="P271"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Ober Inntal, Samnaun Gruppe, Zanderstal near Spiss, alt. 1800 m., on living leaves of <italic>Aconitum napellus</italic>, 11 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1070, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21153&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21153</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109104&link_type=cbs">CBS 109104</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109105&link_type=cbs">109105</ext-link>; same loc., host, date, G. Verkley 1071, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21154&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21154</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109106&link_type=cbs">CBS 109106</ext-link>. <bold>Romania</bold>, reg. Mureş-Autonomă Maghiară, on living leaves of <italic>A. degenii</italic>, 25 Aug. 1953, C. Sandu-Ville <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18117&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18117</ext-link>, distributed in Herb. Mycol. Romanicum, fasc. 35, no. 1742.</p><p id="P272"><italic>Notes</italic>: According to the brief original diagnosis, <italic>S. napelli</italic> is characterised by 120-130 μm wide hypophyllous pycnidia, and indistinctly septate conidia measuring 50-100 × 2-4 μm. Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>) reported up to 9-septate conidia measuring 40-100 × 3-4 μm, and Shin & Sameva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">2004</xref>) 3-9-septate conidia, 40-105 × (2.5-)3-5 μm in Korean material. It is doubtful whether the description by Petrak (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R38">1957</xref>) of <italic>S. napelli</italic> was based on correctly identified material. Pycnidia of that fungus were mostly hypophyllous, with 3-7, rarely 8-9-septate conidia measuring 40-70 (rarely up to <italic>ca.</italic> 100) × 3-4 μm, arising from septate and branched conidiophores. The pycnidial wall was composed of globose to angular cells 5-8(-10) μm diam, with walls thickened to an extent which would avoid any compression. Petrak (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R38">1957</xref>) also observed young fruitbodies of a sexual morph on dead leaves in between old and empty conidiomata. Although this sexual morph was immature, in his opinion it was “undoubtedly <italic>Pleosporaceae</italic>, perhaps a species of <italic>Leptosphaeria,</italic> but certainly not <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>”. Certain similarities in the walls of the asexual and sexual morph, made him suspect that they were produced in different stages in the life-cycle of a single fungus. Because of the large size of the pycnidia of Petrak’s <italic>S. napelli</italic>, the structure of the pycnidial wall and conidial ontogeny, which were unlike typical <italic>Septoria</italic>, he proposed the combination <italic>Rhabdospora napelli</italic>. Petrak’s observations of <italic>S. napelli</italic> probably pertained to a different septoria-like fungus (<italic>Stagonospora</italic>?), probably with pleosporalean affinities, but of which the exact identity remains unclear.</p><p id="P273">The fungus studied in the present study, which is a member of the <italic>Septoria</italic> clade, generally agrees with the original description of <italic>S. napelli</italic>. It is unknown whether <italic>S. napelli</italic> has a sexual morph. Two <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> names have been published from <italic>Aconitum, M. antonovii</italic> on <italic>Aconitum excelsum</italic> in Siberia, and <italic>M. aconitorum,</italic> on <italic>Aconitum</italic> sp. in Austria. Both names were introduced by Petrak, who did not observe associated asexual morphs for these <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> spp. A comparison with <italic>S. lycoctoni</italic>, including the molecular results, is provide above in the notes on <italic>S. lycoctoni</italic>.</p><p id="P274"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128664&link_type=cbs">CBS 128664</ext-link> isolated from <italic>Aconitum pseudolaeve</italic> var. <italic>erectum</italic> in Korea, is genetically distinct from both <italic>Septoria</italic> spp. on <italic>Aconitum</italic> in Europe. The new name <italic>S. pseudonapelli</italic> is proposed for this fungus by Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>, this volume).</p><p id="P275"><bold><italic>Septoria obesa</italic></bold> Syd., in Syd. & P. Syd., Annls mycol. 12: 163. 1914.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>= <italic>S. artemisiae</italic> Unamuno, Assoc. españ. Progr. Cienc. Congr. Salamanca: 46. 1923 [nom. illeg., later homonym, non Passerini, 1879].</p></list-item></list><p id="P276">Descriptions <italic>in planta</italic> are provided by Punithalingam (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">1967c</xref>) and Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>). Sexual morph unknown.</p><p id="P277"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Artemisia lavandulaefolia</italic> and <italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> spp.</p><p id="P278"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Weihenstephan, on <italic>Chrysanthemum indicum</italic>, R. Schneider Sep. 1957, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=354.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 354.58</ext-link> = BBA 8554 = IMI 091324. <bold>South Korea</bold>, Hongcheon, on <italic>Artemisia lavandulaefolia</italic>, H.D. Shin, 28 June 2006, living culture SMKC 21934 = KACC 42453 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128588&link_type=cbs">CBS 128588</ext-link>; Bonghwa, on <italic>Chr. indicum</italic>, H.D. Shin, 18 Oct. 2007, living culture SMKC 23048 = KACC 43193 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128623&link_type=cbs">CBS 128623</ext-link>; Jeju, on <italic>Chr. morifolium</italic>, 5 July 2008, living culture KACC 43858 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128759&link_type=cbs">CBS 128759</ext-link>.</p><p id="P279"><italic>Notes</italic>: Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) regarded <italic>S. obesa</italic> as a synonym of <italic>S. leucanthemi</italic>, as both have similar conidial morphologies and occur on several <italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> spp. Punithalingam (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">1967b</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">c</xref>), however, recognised <italic>S. obesa</italic> and <italic>S. leucanthemi</italic> as separate species, noting that the conidia of <italic>S. obesa</italic> are consistently wider than those of <italic>S. leucanthemi</italic>. Verkley & Starink-Willemse (2004) found additional, molecular support for the treatment.as separate species in eight polymorphisms found on the ITS sequences of strains representing these species. Further evidence is now provided here based on sequences of six other loci. The host ranges of the two species are also different: <italic>S. leucanthemi</italic> is capable of infecting various species of a wide range plant genera, viz. <italic>Chrysanthemum, Tagetes, Achillea, Centaurea</italic> and <italic>Helianthus</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R76">Waddell & Weber 1963</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">Punithalingam 1967b</xref>). <italic>Septoria obesa</italic> seems to mainly infect <italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> spp., but it does also infect <italic>Artemisia lavendulaefolia</italic>, as could be demonstrated in this study with <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128588&link_type=cbs">CBS 128588</ext-link>, a strain originally identified as <italic>S. artemisiae.</italic> The strain is genetically very close to the other strains of <italic>S. obesa</italic> studied here and therefore regarded as conspecific. The conidia produced by <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128588&link_type=cbs">CBS 128588</ext-link> are in good agreement with <italic>S. obesa</italic> as well, being much larger than in <italic>S. artemisiae</italic> (30-33 × 1.5 μm, according to the original diagnosis of <italic>S. artemisiae</italic> Passerini). The later homonym <italic>S. artemisiae</italic> described by Unamuno based on material on <italic>Artemisia vulgaris</italic> in Spain with 4-septate conidia 35.5-52.5 × 2.5-3 μm, is placed here in the synonymy of <italic>S. obesa</italic>.</p><p id="P280">The conidia of the sunflower pathogen <italic>S. helianthi</italic> (50-85 × 2-3 μm) are similar to those of <italic>S. obesa</italic> (50-90 × 2.5-3.5 μm, cf. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>), but they can be distinguished by the number of septa formed, viz., seldom more than 5 in <italic>S. helianthi</italic> and 5-11 septa in <italic>S. obesa</italic>. Verkley & Starink already showed that ITS sequences of these species differ by more than 20 base positions, which is also supported by the results found in the present study for other genes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>).</p><p id="P281"><bold><italic>Septoria paridis</italic></bold> Pass., Atti Soc. crittog. ital. 2: 41. 1879. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F31">Fig. 31</xref>.</p><fig id="F31" position="float"><label>Fig. 31.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria paridis</italic>. A-C. Colonies (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109110&link_type=cbs">CBS 109110</ext-link>). B. On CHA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109110&link_type=cbs">CBS 109110</ext-link>). C. On MEA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109108&link_type=cbs">CBS 109108</ext-link>). D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21177&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21177</ext-link>, <italic>Paris quadrifolia</italic>). E. Ibid. (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21152&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21152</ext-link>, <italic>Viola palustris</italic>). F. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109108&link_type=cbs">CBS 109108</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig31"></graphic></fig><p id="P282"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots single, scarce, circular to irregular, white to pale ochreous, surrounded by a vague orange to reddish brown zone, visible on both sides of the leaf, decaying to shot-holes. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, one to a few in each leaf spot, globose, black, immersed, 60-100 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular and 35-40 μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous to slightly darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> up to 15 μm thick, composed throughout of hyaline, angular cells, 2.5-5 μm diam, the outermost cells brown with somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells hyaline and thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, globose, doliiform, or broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently several times with distinct annellations thus forming a relatively narrow neck, rarely also sympodially, 5-8(-11) × 2.5-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, straight, or slightly curved, attenuated gradually to a narrowly pointed apex and a narrowly truncate base, 0-3-septate (septa very thin and easily overlooked), not constricted around the septa, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (18-)20-28.5(-34) × 1-1.5(-2) μm (living; rehydrated, 1 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P283"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 8-11 mm diam in 10 d (30-35 mm in 3 wk; more than 75 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; immersed mycelium mostly homogeneously pale coral to pale red, some pigment diffusing beyond the colony margin, olivaceous to greenish hyphal radial strands also weakly or more strongly developing in some sectors or entire colonies (especially after 7 wk, when most of the red pigment is no longer visible); in the centre olivaceous-black and slightly elevated due to superficial and immersed pycnidia, surrounded by an area with more scattered pycnidia, releasing pale whitish droplets of conidial slime; aerial mycelium very scanty, few minute white tufts; reverse olivaceous-black to greenish grey, surrounded by coral to sienna areas. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 7-10 mm diam in 10 d (28-33 mm in 3 wk; more than 75 mm in 7 wk), as on OA, but the colonies sooner pigmented, dark green, dark blueish green or olivaceous, and a red pigment tardily formed, but more persistent and still well visible after 7 wk. Sporulation as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 6-11 mm diam in 10 d (23-30 mm in 3 wk; 64-75 mm in 7 wk), the margin even, glabrous, buff; colonies spreading, but the centre elevated, irregularly pustulate, up to 2 mm high, the surface dark greyish brown, later black, covered by short felty white aerial mycelium, or higher tufts; reverse of the colony brown-vinaceous or sepia, paler towards the margin. Pycnidia mostly superficial, in dense groups. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 5-8 mm diam in 10 d (28-35 mm in 3 wk; 45-55 mm in 7 wk), with an even to ruffled, glabrous, colourless to buff margin; immersed mycelium in areas where first sporulation occurs becoming dark, greenish grey to dark slate blue, later more throughout colony, covered by well-developed, tufty whitish grey aerial mycelium that later shows a reddish haze; reverse olivaceous-black to sepia, but margin paler; in the central part of the colony numerous pycnidia develop; in older colonies the centre becomes up to 3 mm high.</p><p id="P284"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> (OA) as <italic>in planta</italic>, immersed or developing on the agar surface, single or merged into complexes 100-220 μm diam, superficial pycnidia mostly forming one to several elongated necks, initially pale brown, then almost black, releasing pale whitish conidial slime, later becoming rosy-buff. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, 7-12(-14) × 2.5-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic> but some considerably longer, 22-38(-45) × 1-1.5 μm.</p><p id="P285"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Paris quadrifolia, P. incompleta</italic> and <italic>Viola palustris.</italic></p><p id="P286"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Leutaschtal Weidach, on river bank, on living leaves of <italic>Paris quadrifolia</italic>, 2 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1038, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21177&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21177</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109110&link_type=cbs">CBS 109110</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109111&link_type=cbs">109111</ext-link>; Tirol, Ötztal, Sölden, near Hoch-Sölden, on living leaves of <italic>Viola palustris</italic>, 31 July 2000, G. Verkley 1037, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21152&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21152</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109108&link_type=cbs">CBS 109108</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109109&link_type=cbs">109109</ext-link>.</p><p id="P287"><italic>Notes</italic>: According to the original description, conidia of <italic>S. paridis</italic> are 20 × 1 μm and aseptate. Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) describe the conidia as 18-25 × 1-1.3 μm, Teterevnikova-Babayan (1983), 20-25 × 1 μm. As is seen in several other <italic>Septoria</italic>, the conidia can reach considerably greater length in culture than on the natural host plant. In shape of the conidia the species strongly resembles <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic> and <italic>S. scabiosicola</italic>, as do the cultures, although <italic>S. galeopsidis</italic> does not produce a red pigment on OA. The material on <italic>Viola palustris</italic> (<italic>Violaceae</italic>) collected in Tirol was initially identified as <italic>S. violae-palustris,</italic> but based on the DNA sequence analyses of seven loci (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>) and the agreeing phenotype it is concluded that the material is conspecific with <italic>S. paridis</italic>. This is the first report of this fungus on another host genus than <italic>Paris</italic>, and also outside the <italic>Liliaceae.</italic> A second <italic>Septoria</italic> occurring on <italic>Paris quadrifolia</italic> is <italic>S. umbrosa</italic>. That species differs from <italic>S. paridis</italic> by much larger conidia, 30-85 × 3-4.5 μm, which are 5-7-septate.</p><p id="P288"><bold><italic>Septoria passifloricola</italic></bold> Punith., CMI Descr. Pathogenic Fungi & Bacteria no. 670. 1980.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>S. passiflorae</italic> Louw, Sci. Bull. Dept. Agric. For. Un. S. Africa 229: 34. 1941. Nom. illeg. Art 53 [non Syd., Annls mycol. 37: 408. 1939].</p></list-item></list><p id="P289"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 12-15 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous, buff margin; colonies spreading, immersed mycelium mostly homogeneous orange, but no diffusion of pigments beyond the margin observed; the surface covered by appressed, greyish white to grey aerial mycelium developing in concentric areas, beneath which mostly superficial, dark brown to almost black pycnidia or more complex conidiomata develop, releasing pale whitish to dirty greyish droplets of conidial slime; reverse orange to sienna. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 10-14 mm diam in 2 wk, as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 5-7(-10) mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, weakly lobed, black margin, which may be covered by short fluffy, pure white aerial mycelium; colonies spreading but elevated at the centre, the surface almost black, with immersed conidiomatal complexes soon covered by masses of first pale white, buff, and then brick conidial slime; the central area later entirely covered by cerebriform, brick masses of slime; reverse brick to almost vinaceous, and fawn. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 8-10(-14) mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, buff margin covered by a diffuse, felty aerial mycelium; further as on MEA, but surface less elevated, and largely covered by diffuse, felty, grey-white aerial mycelium; conidial slime as on MEA abundantly produced from similar conidiomatal complexes, but more intensely pigmented, deep scarlet; reverse blood colour.</p><p id="P290"><italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> (OA) hyaline, discrete, broadly ampulliform to cylindrical, holoblastic, with one or two indistinct percurrent proliferations (sympodial proliferation not observed), 8-14 × 3-6 μm; <italic>conidia</italic> filiform, hyaline, narrowly rounded at the top, attenuated to a truncate base, straight to somewhat curved, 1-2(-3)-septate, not constricted around the septa, mostly 10-30(-35) × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm.</p><p id="P291"><italic>Host</italic>: <italic>Passiflora edulis</italic>.</p><p id="P292"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Australia</bold>, Victoria, Wonthaggi, on <italic>Passiflora edulis</italic>, Mar. 2011, C. Murdoch, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129431&link_type=cbs">CBS 129431</ext-link>. <bold>New Zealand</bold>, Auckland, Mt Albert, on living leaves of <italic>P. edulis</italic>, 21 Feb. 2000, C. F. Hill MAF LYN-118a, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102701&link_type=cbs">CBS 102701</ext-link>.</p><p id="P293"><italic>Notes</italic>: Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) provided a description of the fungus on the host, and discussed the nomenclature. He also mentioned the anonymous reporting of a <italic>Septoria</italic> state observed in ascospore isolates from a <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> sp. found on fruits lesions, but whether this truly is the sexual morph of <italic>S. passifloricola</italic> remains to be corroborated. The multilocus phylogeny (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>) provides evidence of a close relationship with <italic>S. ekmanniana</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113385&link_type=cbs">CBS 113385</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113612&link_type=cbs">113612</ext-link>) and <italic>S. chromolaenae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113373&link_type=cbs">CBS 113373</ext-link>), and also <italic>S. sisyrinchii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112096&link_type=cbs">CBS 112096</ext-link>) and <italic>S. anthurii</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=148.41&link_type=cbs">CBS 148.41</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=346.58&link_type=cbs">346.58</ext-link>).</p><p id="P294"><bold><italic>Septoria petroselini</italic></bold> (Lib.) Desm., Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Lille 1843: 97. 1843. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F32">Fig. 32</xref>.</p><fig id="F32" position="float"><label>Fig. 32.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria petroselini</italic>. A, B. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109521&link_type=cbs">CBS 109521</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On MEA. C, D. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109521&link_type=cbs">CBS 109521</ext-link>). E. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21166&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21166</ext-link>). F. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.44&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.44</ext-link>). G. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109521&link_type=cbs">CBS 109521</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig32"></graphic></fig><p id="P295"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Ascochyta petroselini</italic> Lib., Pl. Crypt. Arduenna 3: 252. 1834.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phleospora petroselini</italic> (Lib.) Westend., Bull. Acad. r. Bruxelles 12 (9): 252. 1845.</p></list-item></list><p id="P296"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots indefinite, without a distinct border, pale brown, visible on both sides in green parts of leaves or barely discoloured petioles. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, numerous, mostly epiphyllous, semi-immersed, black, mostly 80-200 mm diam, with a central, first narrow, later wider opening, releasing pale white cirrhi of conidia; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> composed of one or two layers of brown-walled, angular cells, lined by a layer of hyaline cells. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, holoblastic, sympodially or percurrently proliferating, ampulliform, 6-10 × 3-6 mm. <italic>Conidia</italic> hyaline, filiform, straight to somewhat flexuous, the upper cell tapered into the obtuse apex, relatively widely truncate at the base, (1-)3-5(-7) septate, not or only indistinctly constricted at the septa, contents granular or with minute oil-droplets around the septa and at the ends, 29-80 × 1.9-2.5 mm (living; rehydrated, 1.2-1.5 mm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P297"><italic>Description in vitro (18 °C, near UV)</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109521&link_type=cbs"><italic>CBS 109521</italic></ext-link>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 13-16 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, colourless margin; colonies spreading, immersed mycelium mostly pale ochreous, soon appearing dull green due to the development of dark green hyphal strands, particularly in a discontinuous submarginal zone; reverse in the centre ochreous to fulvous, surrounded by olivaceous-grey. Conidiomata developing after 5-7 d immersed in the agar or on its surface, most numerous in the centre of the colony, releasing milky white to rosy-buff conidial slime. Conidia also produced directly from mycelium near the centre of the colony. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 17-20 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even to somewhat ruffled, buff margin; colonies spreading to restricted, somewhat elevated towards the centre, the surface black with many stromata developing and releasing milky white droplets of conidial slime, aerial mycelium diffuse to more dense and low, grey; reverse mostly greenish grey to iron-grey, in the centre with fawn to dark brick haze.</p><p id="P298"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> and conidiogenous cells as <italic>in planta. Conidia</italic> (OA) filiform to filiform-cylindrical, straight, flexuous or curved, attenuated gradually to the narrowly rounded to pointed apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly to the narrowly truncate base, (0-)3-5(-7)-septate, 30-54(-65) × 2-2.5(-3) μm.</p><p id="P299"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Petroselinum crispum</italic> (syn. <italic>Apium petroselinum</italic>), other <italic>Petroselinum</italic> spp. and <italic>Coriandrum sativum</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>).</p><p id="P300"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Utrecht, Baarn, garden Eemnesserweg 90, on living leaves of <italic>Petroselinum crispum</italic>, 29 Mar. 2001, H.A. van der Aa 12642, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21166&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21166</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109521&link_type=cbs">CBS 109521</ext-link>; Laren, on living leaves of <italic>P. sativum</italic>, June 1944, S. Dudok de Wit <italic>s.n.</italic>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.44&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.44</ext-link> = IMI 100279, dried specimen of culture on CMA, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18128&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18128</ext-link>.</p><p id="P301"><italic>Notes</italic>: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.44&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.44</ext-link>, isolated from <italic>Petroselinum sativum</italic>, produces conidia 29-49 × 1-2 μm, and this range of sizes agrees with those given for <italic>S. petroselini</italic> by most authors [26-45(-52) × (1-)1.5-2 μm cf. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>; 16-46 × 1-2 mm cf. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">Jørstad 1965</xref> on <italic>Petroselinum</italic>]. In contrast, the conidia in the collection on <italic>P. crispum</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21166&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21166</ext-link>), as well as in the isolate <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109521&link_type=cbs">CBS 109521</ext-link> derived from it, were up to 80 μm long and 2.5 μm wide, and the pycnidia were also larger than described for <italic>S. petroselini</italic>, for which this material was initially identified as <italic>S. apiicola</italic>, but the molecular data provide evidence that it also belongs to <italic>S. petroselini</italic>. The material is 100 % homologous on ITS, Act, RPB2 and EF, and 99.7 % on Cal with <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.44&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.44</ext-link>. The range of conidial sizes for <italic>S. petroselini</italic> is therefore expanded here, although it should be noted that the conidia formed <italic>in vitro</italic> are not over 65 μm in length in the material available. The ITS sequence of <italic>S. anthrisci</italic> is distinct from that of <italic>S. apiicola</italic>, but identical to that of <italic>S. petroselini</italic> and other species. <italic>Septoria anthrisci</italic> can be distinguished from <italic>S. petroselini</italic> by the Act, EF and RPB2 sequences.</p><p id="P302"><bold><italic>Septoria phlogis</italic></bold> Sacc. & Speg., in Sacc., Michelia 1: 184. 1878 [as “phlocis”; non Ellis & Everh., in G. Martin, J. Mycol. 3: 85. 1887; nec P. Syd., Mycoth. March., Cent. 18, no 1757; Cent. 23, no 2278. 1887; later homonyms]. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F33">Fig. 33</xref>.</p><fig id="F33" position="float"><label>Fig. 33.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria phlogis</italic>. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21198&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21198</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig33"></graphic></fig><p id="P303"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions developing in areas of the leaf lamina that first turn yellow, indefinite or delimited by darkening veinlets, hologenous, pale to dark brown. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, numerous, semi-immersed to immersed, subglobose to globose, dark brown to black, 100-160 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, initially 25-35 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 70 μm wide, surrounding cells concolourous; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 15-28 μm thick, composed of an outer layer of isodiametric to irregular cells mostly 5-9 μm diam with pale brown cell walls up to 2 μm thick, and an inner layer of hyphal to isodiametric cells 3-5 μm diam with thin, hyaline walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete or integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores up to 22 μm long, cylindrical, or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, often proliferating percurrently with indistinct annellations as well as sympodially, 5-7.5(-8) × 2.5-4(-5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, filiform, straight to slightly curved, narrowly rounded to somewhat pointed at the apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly towards the narrowly truncate base, (0-)1-3(-4)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, containing minute oil-droplets and granular material in the living and rehydrated state, (22-)32-50(-60) × 1.5-2 μm (rehydrated; living, 2-2.5 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P304"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 15-18 mm diam in 19 d, with an even, glabrous, buff to rosy-buff margin; colonies spreading, plane; immersed mycelium variably pigmented over sectors, usually either brownish olivaceous, or cinnamon to saffron (honey with a reddish haze); aerial mycelium scanty, white, locally forming a diffuse woolly-floccose mat; reverse olivaceous-black and cinnamon or saffron. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 13-18 mm diam in 19 d, as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 12-17 mm diam in 19 d, with an even, glabrous, buff margin; colonies spreading, the surface mostly plane, only somewhat elevated or folded towards the centre; immersed mycelium mostly dark salmon to olivaceous-black, covered by a dense, appressed mat of woolly, mostly white to faintly rosy-buff aerial mycelium; an ochreous pigment diffuses into the surrounding medium; reverse mostly sienna or blood colour, with an ochreous to saffron margin. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 12-18 mm diam in 19 d, as on MEA.</p><p id="P305"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Phlox</italic> spp.</p><p id="P306"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Noord-Holland, Enkhuizen, on living leaves of <italic>Phlox</italic> sp., 6 Sep. 1949, J.A. von Arx <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-4862&link_type=cbs">CBS H-4862</ext-link>; Prov. Utrecht, Baarn, Cantonspark, on living leaves of <italic>Phlox</italic> sp., 27 Aug. 1999, G. Verkley 911, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21198&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21198</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102317&link_type=cbs">CBS 102317</ext-link>; same substr., Jan. 1932, D. Moll <italic>s.n.</italic>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=312.32&link_type=cbs">CBS 312.32</ext-link>; Garden in Baarn, same substr., 16 Oct. 1990, H.A. van der Aa 10919, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18130&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18130</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=577.90&link_type=cbs">CBS 577.90</ext-link>; same substr., loc., 27 Aug. 1997, H.A. van der Aa 12302, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18131&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18131</ext-link>.</p><p id="P307"><italic>Notes</italic>: Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) described the conidia of <italic>S. phlogis</italic> as filiform, 1-4-septate, straight to curved, (35-)50-73 × (1-)1.5-2 μm, hyaline, with a truncate base and obtuse apex. He accepted <italic>S. divaricatae</italic> as a separate species, with <italic>Phlox drummondi</italic> (syn. <italic>P. divaricata</italic>) as the only known host plant, and <italic>S. drummondi</italic> as a synonym. <italic>Septoria divaricatae</italic> has similarly shaped but smaller conidia than <italic>S. phlogis</italic>, 1-3-septate, (13-)25-40(-45) × 1-1.5 μm. The overlap in length of the conidia of the two is minimal, at least on the host plant, indicating that they might be truly separate taxa. Several other authors have also accepted <italic>S. divaricatae</italic> as a distinct entity (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">Teterevnikova-Babayan 1987</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">Muthumary 1999</xref>). However, Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) considered <italic>S. divaricatae</italic> a synonym of <italic>S. phlogis</italic>, and also <italic>S. phlogina</italic>. Both <italic>S. phlogis</italic> and <italic>S. divaricatae</italic> occur on <italic>P. drummondi</italic> and this may have contributed to the confusion. Investigations based on fresh material on different <italic>Phlox</italic> species, and studies of cultures derived thereof, as well as type material of the names mentioned above, will be required in order to settle the complicated taxonomy of <italic>Septoria</italic> on <italic>Phlox</italic>.</p><p id="P308">Molecular identification of <italic>S. phlogis</italic> is straight-forward, as all protein-coding genes investigated here, particularly Btub, Cal and RPB2, show unique diagnostic sequences. <italic>Septoria epambrosiae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128629&link_type=cbs">CBS 128629</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128636&link_type=cbs">128636</ext-link>) is a sister species to <italic>S. phlogis. Septoria epambrosiae</italic> is a pathogen of <italic>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</italic> (<italic>Asteraceae</italic>), which today is the prime cause of hay fever in many areas where this weed occurs.</p><p id="P309"><bold><italic>Septoria polygonorum</italic></bold> Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 2, Bot.17: 108. 1842. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F34">Fig. 34</xref>.</p><fig id="F34" position="float"><label>Fig. 34.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria polygonorum</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102331&link_type=cbs">CBS 102331</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21212&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21212</ext-link>). E. Ibid., on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108982&link_type=cbs">CBS 108982</ext-link>). F, G. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=347.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 347.67</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig34"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Spilosphaeria polygonorum</italic> (Desm.) Rabenh., Herb. Mycol. II, no. 442a. 1856.</p></list-item></list><p id="P310"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots small, circular, hologenous, ochreous to brown, sharply delimited by a dark red-brown zone. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, mainly epiphyllous, several to many developed in each leaf spot after some time, subglobose to lenticular, not protruding strongly, brown to almost black, 50-120 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular and 25-45 μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous to somewhat darker brown; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 10-25 μm thick, composed of angular cells 2.0-6.5 μm diam, the outermost cells pale yellowish brown with somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, narrowly or broadly ampulliform with a relatively wide neck, holoblastic, often first proliferating sympodially, and later also percurrently 1-several times with distinct annellations, 5-10(-14) × 3.-5.5(-6.5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to filiform-cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, or flexuous, attenuated gradually to a narrowly rounded to pointed apex, attenuated more abruptly towards the truncate base, 1-4-septate, not or only inconspicuously constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (17-)22-45(-53) × 1.5-2 μm (living; rehydrated, 1.2-1.8 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P311"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> normally slow-growing, but sometimes with fast-growing sectors (diam including these between brackets) on all media except MEA. On OA 3-5 [6-7] mm diam in 2 wk [6-7 (22-30) mm in 6 wk], the margin regular, glabrous, colourless; colonies spreading, plane, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black, but grey-olivaceous to greenish grey in faster growing sectors that sometimes develop from typically slow-growing colonies; aerial mycelium generally absent or very scanty, but woolly-floccose appressed on the above mentioned sectors; white conidial slime produced from numerous, scattered pycnidial or stromatic conidiomata; reverse dark slate blue to olivaceous-black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 4-5 (6-7) mm diam in 2 wk [5-7 (22-27) mm in 6 wk], as on OA, with similar fast-growing sectors. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 3-4 mm diam in 2 wk (6-8 mm in 6 wk), the margin regular, glabrous, barely visible; colonies irregularly pustulate to hemispherical, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black to black, glabrous, the surface bearing numerous droplets of milky white to dirty buff conidial slime emerging from scattered pycnidial conidiomata; reverse olivaceous-black to black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 3-5 mm diam in 2 wk [7-10 (22-26) mm in 6 wk], the margin distinctly ruffled, glabrous, ochreous to greyish; colonies irregularly pustulate, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black, lacking aerial mycelium; milky white to dirty buff conidial slime emerging from scattered pycnidial conidiomata; reverse blood colour.</p><p id="P312"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> (OA) as <italic>in planta</italic>, single and pycnidial, brown to black, glabrous, 85-150 μm diam, with a single ostiolum up to 50 μm wide, rarely also merged into multilocular stromata up to 300 μm diam which may have several openings; conidiogenous cells as <italic>in planta</italic>, proliferating sympodially and/or percurrently, 9-20 × 4-7 μm; <italic>conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic> but longer, 30-65(-72) × 1.5-2(-2.2) μm.</p><p id="P313"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Polygonum</italic> spp.</p><p id="P314"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Sautens, on living leaves of <italic>Polygonum persicaria</italic>, 30 July 2000, G. Verkley 1024, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21213&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21213</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108982&link_type=cbs">CBS 108982</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Utrecht, Baarn, Zandvoordtweg, same substr., 9 July 1967, H.A. van der Aa 98, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18695&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18695</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=347.67&link_type=cbs">CBS 347.67</ext-link>; same substr., prov. Limburg, St. Jansberg, near Plasmolen, 9 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 926, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21208&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21208</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102330&link_type=cbs">CBS 102330</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102331&link_type=cbs">102331</ext-link>; same substr., prov. Limburg, Savelsbos, 28 June 2000, G. Verkley 967, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21212&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21212</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109007&link_type=cbs">CBS 109007</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109008&link_type=cbs">109008</ext-link>; Prov. Zeeland, Zuid-Beveland, community of Borsele, Valdijk near Nisse, 27 Aug. 2001, G. Verkley 1110, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21164&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21164</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109834&link_type=cbs">CBS 109834</ext-link>. <bold>New Zealand</bold>, North Island, Coromandel, Tairua Forest, along roadside of St. Hway 25, near crossing 25A, 23 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 1843, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21242&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21242</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113110&link_type=cbs">CBS 113110</ext-link>.</p><p id="P315"><italic>Notes</italic>: More than ten <italic>Septoria</italic> species have been described from the host genus <italic>Polygonum</italic>, of which <italic>S. polygonorum</italic> is the oldest one. The material available for the present study agrees generally well in morphology with the description of <italic>S. polygonorum</italic> provided by other authors. Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) described the conidiogenous cells as holoblastic (first conidium), producing subsequent conidia enterobastically, seceding at the same level (mode “Event 13: enteroblastic non-progressive”). Muthumary (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">1999</xref>), who studied type material of <italic>S. polygonorum</italic> from PC, observed sympodially proliferated cells. Priest may have overlooked the sympodial conidiogenesis, as in the present study sympodially proliferating cells were also observed in field specimens of <italic>S. polygonorum</italic>. The strains available from distant geographical origins showed highly similar sequences for seven loci. The multilocus phylogeny indicates a rather isolated position of <italic>S. polygonorum</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>).</p><p id="P316"><bold><italic>Septoria protearum</italic></bold> Viljoen & Crous, S. Afr. J. Bot. 64: 144. 1998.</p><p id="P317"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots varied according to the host. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous or amphigenous, semi-immersed or becoming erumpent, subglobose to globose, dark brown to black, 65-200 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, slightly papillate, 18-30(-60) μm wide, surrounding cells concolourous, releasing white cirrhi of conidial slime; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-22 μm thick, composed of 3-4 layers of brown, isodiametric to irregular cells mostly 5-10 μm diam with dark brown cell walls up to 2 μm thick, sometimes with an an inner layer of hyphal to isodiametric cells 3.5-5 μm diam with thin, hyaline walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete and globose or doliiform often with an elongated neck, or integrated in 1-5-septate conidiophores up to 30 μm long and narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently with indistinct annellations as well as sympodially, 4-12 × 1.5-3.5(-5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> hyaline, cylindrical, subcylindrical to obclavate, straight to curved, rounded to somewhat pointed at the apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly towards the truncate base, (0-)1-3(-4)-septate, not constricted around the septa, containing minute oil-droplets and granular material in rehydrated state, (6-)12-22(-30) × 1.5-2 μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P318"><italic>Description in vitro (18 °C, near UV)</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 11-16 mm diam in 1 wk, 23-30 mm in 2 wk, with an even, slightly undulating, colourless margin; colonies plane, spreading, immersed mycelium ochreous to pale luteous or rosy-buff and rarely also with greenish tinges, aerial mycelium absent or scarce with few grey to rosy-buff tufts; conidiomata developing mostly immersed in the agar, scattered or in concentric zones, olivaceous-black, releasing droplets of milky white to pale salmon conidial slime. Reverse cinnamon to hazel or fawn, or rosy-buff. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 32-36 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, (vinaceous) buff to colourless undulating margin; colonies restricted with a cerebriform elevated central area or lower and more spreading, radially striate, the entire surface covered by a dense mat of finely felted, somewhat woolly, white to greysh, or salmon to flesh aerial mycelium; reverse dark, fawn to brown-vinaceous, or olivaceous-black mixed with bright rust to coral. Conidiomata developing after 1 wk, mostly immersed and releasing whitish conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 17-19 mm diam in 1 wk, 25-31 mm in 2 wk, with an even, saffron margin with some diffuse white aerial mycelium; colonies spreading but slightly elevated in the centre, entirely covered by a dense mat of pure white, locally weakly salmon, woolly and somewhat sticky aerial mycelium, in the marginal area later with a glaucous haze; reverse in the centre chestnut, surrounded by rust and apricot zones, margin saffron. Sporulation as on MEA.</p><p id="P319"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> (OA) pycnidial, globose, single or merging into complexes up to 220 μm diam, brown to black, the wall composed of pale brown <italic>textura angularis</italic> with cells up to 10 μm diam, inner cells smaller and hyaline. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete or integrated in simple, 1(-2)-septate conidiophores, cylindrical or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, and/or percurrently with indistinct annellations, and then often showing a narrow neck of variable length, 5-10(-13.5) × 2.5-3(-3.5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to cylindrical, straight, more often curved or flexuous, or bent irregularly, rounded to somewhat pointed at the apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly towards the narrowly truncate base, (0-)1-3-septate, not constricted at the septa, hyaline, contents as <italic>in planta</italic>, (8-)12-22(-25) × 1.5-2 μm (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=119942&link_type=cbs">CBS 119942</ext-link>), (12-)15-23.5(-31) × 1-1.5 μm (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=179.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 179.77</ext-link>), 17-35 × 1-1.5(-2) μm (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=658.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 658.77</ext-link>).</p><p id="P320"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Asplenium ruta-muraria, Boronia denticulata, Geum</italic> sp., <italic>Ligustrum vulgare, Myosotis</italic> sp., <italic>Nephrolepis</italic> sp., <italic>Pistacia vera, Protea cynaroides, Protea</italic> sp., <italic>Skimmia</italic> sp. and <italic>Zanthedeschia aethiopica</italic>.</p><p id="P321"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Potsdam, Maulbeerallee beneath the Orangerie, on living leaves of <italic>Asplenium ruta-muraria</italic>, 17 Nov. 2005, V. Kummer 0045/3, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-19729&link_type=cbs">CBS H-19729</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=119942&link_type=cbs">CBS 119942</ext-link>. <bold>Italy</bold>, details of loc. unknown, on <italic>Pistacia vera</italic>, June 1951, deposited by G. Goidánich, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=420.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 420.51</ext-link>; on <italic>Ligustrum vulgare</italic>, June 1959, M. Ribaldi, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=390.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 390.59</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Reeuwijk, in leaf spot of <italic>Skimmia</italic> sp., commercially cultivated under plastic ‘tunnels’, 1996, J. de Gruyter, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21190&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21190</ext-link>, PD 96/11330 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=364.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 364.97</ext-link>. <bold>New Zealand</bold>, Auckland, on <italic>Myosotis</italic> sp., Dec. 1976, H.J. Boesewinkel, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num==18209&link_type=cbs">CBS H=18209</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=179.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 179.77</ext-link>; same area, on <italic>Nephrolepis</italic> sp., Sep. 1977, H.J. Boesewinkel, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18211&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18211</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=164.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 164.78</ext-link>; same area, on leaves and stems of <italic>Boronia denticulata</italic>, 5 Apr. 1977, H. J. Boesewinkel, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18120&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18120</ext-link>, living culture isolated, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=658.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 658.77</ext-link>; same area, Albert Park, on leaves of <italic>Geum</italic> sp., 21 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley V1821, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21233&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21233</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113114&link_type=cbs">CBS 113114</ext-link>. <bold>South Africa</bold>, Gauteng Province, on leaves of <italic>Protea cynaroides</italic>, Sep. 1996, L. Viljoen, living ex-type culture of <italic>Septoria protearum</italic> STE-U 1470 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=778.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 778.97</ext-link>; Pilgrims Rest, on <italic>Zanthedeschia aethiopica</italic>, 15 July 2011, P.W. Crous, living culture CPC 19675.</p><p id="P322"><italic>Notes</italic>: The description of <italic>S. protearum</italic> given by Crous <italic>et al.</italic> (2004) has been emended here using observations on material isolated from other hosts than <italic>Protea</italic>. These fungi are, despite minor differences in colony characteristics, genetically very similar, and therefore regarded as conspecific. The name <italic>S. protearum</italic> is adopted as it is based on well-decribed type material and ex-type cultures. The distinction with a number of strains isolated from <italic>Citrus</italic> spp., <italic>Fragaria</italic> sp., <italic>Gerbera jamesonii, Gevuina avellana, Hedera helix, Lobelia erinus,</italic> and <italic>Masdevallia</italic> sp. is doubtful but, based on the morphological differences in combination with a limited number of polymorphisms on the house-keeping genes, they are treated here as part of <italic>Septoria citri</italic> (which clusters in the <italic>S. protearum</italic> complex), which is a species complex that needs to be further resolved. Material studied and some cultural characters of <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113392&link_type=cbs">CBS 113392</ext-link> are provided below.</p><p id="P323"><italic>Additional material of the Septoria citri complex examined</italic>: Country and host unknown, May 1937, L.L. Huiller, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=315.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 315.37</ext-link> (sub <italic>Septoria citri</italic>). <bold>Argentina</bold>, in leaf spot of <italic>Lobelia erinus</italic>, S. Wolcon <italic>s.n.</italic>, ‘V1466’, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113392&link_type=cbs">CBS 113392</ext-link>. <bold>Italy</bold>, Sicilia, on <italic>Gerbera jamesonii</italic>, Nov. 1961, W. Gerlach, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=410.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 410.61</ext-link> = BBA 9588 (sub <italic>S. gerberae</italic>). <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Paterwolde, in glasshouse, in leaf spots of <italic>Masdevallia</italic> sp., Feb. 1998, W. Veenbaas-Rijks (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18124&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18124</ext-link>), living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101013&link_type=cbs">CBS 101013</ext-link> (sub <italic>S. orchidacearum</italic>). <bold>New Zealand</bold>, leaf of <italic>Gevuina avellana</italic>, Nov. 1998, S. Ganev, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101354&link_type=cbs">CBS 101354</ext-link>; Waitakere, culture isolated from leaf of <italic>Fragaria</italic> sp., Nov. 1975, H. J.Boesewinkel, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=177.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 177.77</ext-link> (sub <italic>Septoria aciculosa</italic>). <bold>Portugal</bold>, Algarve, Monchique, in leaf spot on <italic>Hedera helix</italic>, 14 June 1988, H.A. van der Aa 10494, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=566.88&link_type=cbs">CBS 566.88</ext-link> (sub <italic>S. hederae</italic> Desm.).</p><p id="P324"><italic>Description in vitro (18 °C, near UV, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113392&link_type=cbs">CBS 113392</ext-link>)</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> 23-26 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous colourless margin; colonies spreading, immersed mycelium orange, lacking aerial mycelium; reverse bay to scarlet. Conidiomata developing in concentric patterns, immersed and on the agar surface, releasing milky white masses of conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 17-23 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even colourless margin mostly covered by white aerial hyphae; colonies spreading but developing cerebriform elevations in the centre, immersed mycelium livid vinaceous to vinaceous buff, with diffuse to dense, appressed, whitish to vinaceous buff aerial mycelium.</p><p id="P325"><italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> (OA) varied in shape, globose, doliiform to ampulliform or cylindrical, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, and also percurrently with several close and indisctinct annellations, hyaline, 4.5-8(-10) × 3-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to cylindrical, straight to flexuous, often weakly curved, attenuated gradually to a narrowly rounded to somewhat pointed apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly to a narrowly truncate to almost rounded base, contents granular with few minute oil-droplets in the living state, (0-)1-3-septate, (12-)15-28 × 1.5-2 μm (living); <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=177.77&link_type=cbs">CBS 177.77</ext-link> (OA) 17-35.5 × 1-2 μm (living).</p><p id="P326"><bold><italic>Septoria putrida</italic></bold> Strasser, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 65: 180. 1915. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F35">Fig. 35F-J</xref>.</p><fig id="F35" position="float"><label>Fig. 35.</label><caption><p>A-E. <italic>Septoria senecionis</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102381&link_type=cbs">CBS 102381</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21219&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21219</ext-link>, epitype). E. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21219&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21219</ext-link>). F-J. <italic>Septoria putrida</italic>. F, G. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21174&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21174</ext-link>). H. Conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21174&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21174</ext-link>). I. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21174&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21174</ext-link>). J. Ibid., on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109088&link_type=cbs">CBS 109088</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig35"></graphic></fig><p id="P327"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> definite leaf spots, hologenous or epigenous, scattered or in clusters, initially pale yellowish, later grey to white, surrounded by a black elevated zone or merely delimited by leaf veins. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, one to several in each leaf spot, scattered, semi-immersed, predominantly epiphyllous, pale brown, lenticular to globose, 80-180 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> circular, central, initially 25-50 μm wide, later opening to 80 μm diam, lacking distinctly differentiated cells; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, mostly 10-20 μm thick, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls and 4.5-10 μm diam, the inner cells hyaline, thin-walled, 4-9 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete or integrated in short, 1-septate conidiophores, cylindrical, or ampuliform with a mostly relatively short, but sometimes strongly elongated neck (8-10 μm long), hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently with distinct annellations, sometimes also sympodially, 6.5-12(-19.5) × 3.5-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, usually strongly curved or flexuous, gradually attenuated to a rounded apex, gradually attenuated into a broadly truncate base, (0-)3-5-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several small guttulae and numerous granules in each cell in the living state, oil-droplets rarely merged into larger guttules in the rehydrated state, (32-)40-70(-85) × 2-2.5(-3.0) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P328"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 5.5-8.5 mm diam in 12 d (13-15 mm in 3 wk; 50-55 mm in 7 wk), with an even, somewhat undulating, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies plane, immersed mycelium buff to primrose, in some sectors also with dark herbage green to dull green radiating hyphal stands, after 7 wk mostly dark greenish; pycnidial conidiomata scattered immersed and superficial, which are first dark olivaceous, then almost black, glabrous or beset with short hyphal protrusions, 150-450 μm diam, mostly with a single ostiolum placed on short papillae, that releases pale whitish or buff conidial slime; aerial mycelium diffuse, woolly-floccose, white to grey; reverse dull green to olivaceous-black in the centre. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 4-7 mm diam in 12 d (11-14 mm in 3 wk; 50-55 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; immersed mycelium apart from margin olivaceous-black, at the margin with some local production of a coral pigment after 7 wk; aerial mycelium higher, diffuse woolly, greyish; reverse darker as on OA; conidiomata similar as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 2.5-5 mm diam in 12 d (11-13 mm in 3 wk; 42-46 mm in 7 wk), with an even to ruffled, glabrous, colourless to buff margin, which may be irregularly lobate after 7 wk; colonies restricted, pustulate to almost hemispherical, immersed mycelium rather dark, aerial mycelium diffuse, short, felty white, behind the margin denser and higher; superficial mature conidiomata releasing first milky white, later pale luteous to saffron, then salmon conidial slime; reverse olivaceous-black in the centre, near the margin honey. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 5-7 mm diam in 12 d (8-11 mm in 3 wk), with an irregular, ruffled, colourless margin, older colonies distinctly lobate; the surface mostly covered by a low, dense to diffuse, felty white, later grey aerial mycelium, near the margin pure white felty to tufty; further as on MEA; conidial slime abundantly produced, first milky white, later salmon or saffron; reverse in the centre blood colour, dark brick to cinnamon at the margin.</p><p id="P329"><italic>Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, (0-)3-5(-6)-septate, 40-85(-97) × 2-2.5(-3) μm.</p><p id="P330"><italic>Host</italic>: <italic>Senecio nemorensis</italic>.</p><p id="P331"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria,</bold> Tirol, Ober Inntal, Samnaun Gruppe, Lawenalm, on living leaves of <italic>Senecio nemorensis</italic> subsp. <italic>fuchsii</italic>, 8 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1052a,</p><p id="P332"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21174&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21174</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109087&link_type=cbs">CBS 109087</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109088&link_type=cbs">109088</ext-link>.</p><p id="P333"><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Septoria putrida</italic> was originally described from <italic>Senecio nemorensis</italic> found in Austria (Sonntagberg), reportedly with 0(-9-11?)-septate conidia, 70-80 × 2 μm. The multilocus sequence analysis indicates that <italic>S. putrida</italic> and <italic>S. senecionis</italic> are closely related but genetically distinct species (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>). Morphologically these sister taxa can best be distinguished based on conidial length; conidia in <italic>S. putrida</italic> can be up to 85 μm long <italic>in planta</italic> and even longer (up to 97 μm) in culture, whereas those of <italic>S. senecionis</italic> are rarely longer than 65 <italic>in planta</italic> and not over 70 μm long in culture.</p><p id="P334">Thirteen more taxa have been described in <italic>Septoria</italic> on <italic>Senecio</italic>, of which <italic>S. anaxaea</italic> Sacc. is another distinctive, long-spored species described from <italic>Senecio grandidentatus</italic> (?= <italic>S. praealtus</italic>), and recently also from several other <italic>Senecio</italic> spp. in Australia. According to Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>), conidia are 3(-6)-septate, 28-75 × 2.5-3 μm (50-130 × 3.5-5 μm, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">Teterevnikova-Babayan 1987</xref>). Most other <italic>Septoria</italic> spp. on <italic>Senecio</italic> may be synonyms of <italic>S. senecionis</italic>, and this needs to be confirmed by study of the type material.</p><p id="P335"><bold><italic>Septoria rumicum</italic></bold> Sacc. & Paol., in Saccardo, Bull. Soc. r. Bot. Belg. 28: 23. 1889.</p><p id="P336"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 3-5 mm diam in 3 wk, with an even colourless margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black mostly hidden under a low, dense mat of felty grey to white aerial mycelium; reverse olivaceous-grey. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 6-10(-12) mm diam in 3 wk, with an even or lobed, colourless margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate, immersed mycelium appearing olivaceous-grey under a dense mat of woolly-floccose, white to grayish aerial mycelium; reverse olivaceous-black. No sporulation observed.</p><p id="P337"><italic>Conidia</italic> (OA) cylindrical, filiform, straight or slightly curved, attenuated gradually towards a narrowly rounded to almost pointed apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly towards the narrowly truncate base, 3-5(-7)-septate, mostly 60-82 × 2-3 μm.</p><p id="P338"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Rumex</italic> spp. (<italic>R. acetosa, R. alpinum</italic>).</p><p id="P339"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>France</bold>, Corrèze, Roumignac, on leaves of <italic>Rumex acetosa</italic>, H.A. van der Aa 5338, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18050&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18050</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=503.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 503.76</ext-link>; Haute-Savoie, Mt. Beaudin, on stem of <italic>R. alpinus</italic>, July 1978, H.A. van der Aa 9594c, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18163&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18163</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=522.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 522.78</ext-link>.</p><p id="P340"><italic>Notes</italic>: Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) noted that <italic>S. rumicis</italic> Trail, which was published in the same year as <italic>S. rumicum</italic>, may be conspecific. <italic>Septoria acetosae</italic> Oud. was also regarded as a synonym. According to Saccardo (1892, Syll. Fung. 10: 380), <italic>S. rumicum</italic> produces mostly epiphyllous pycnidia 100-125 μm diam, and continuous (?) conidia 50-68 × 3 μm. <italic>Septoria rumicis</italic> produces chiefly epiphyllous pycnidia 90-100 μm diam and conidia 24-40 × 2-2.5 μm (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">Teterevnikova-Babayan 1987</xref>), according to Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), 20-50 × 2.5-3.5, with 2-3(-5) septa. <italic>Septoria acetosae</italic> was treated as a separate species by Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>). According to the latter author, it is characterised by 1-3-septate conidia, 28-50 × 3-5 μm. As the conidial sizes of the material available here agree best with the original description of <italic>S. rumicum</italic>, this name is adopted here. Several other species of <italic>Septoria</italic> have been described from <italic>Rumex,</italic> most of which need to be restudied to assess their status.</p><p id="P341"><bold><italic>Septoria scabiosicola</italic></bold> (Desm.) Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 20: 96. 1853. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F36">Fig. 36</xref>.</p><fig id="F36" position="float"><label>Fig. 36.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria scabiosicola</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102333&link_type=cbs">CBS 102333</ext-link>. A-C. Colonies (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21180&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21180</ext-link>). E. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109021&link_type=cbs">CBS 109021</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig36"></graphic></fig><p id="P342"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Depazea scabiosicola</italic> Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 2, Bot. 6: 247. 1836.</p><p id="P343"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots numerous but small, circular, some merging to irregular patterns, centre white, surrounded by a relatively broad, dark margin with a distinct red or purple periphery. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous but sometimes also visible from the underside of the lesion, one to a few in each leaf spot, subglobose to globose, brown to black, usually fully immersed, 65-130 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular and 35-60 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 80 μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous to pale brown; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 10-15 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells 2.5-6.5 μm diam, the outermost cells pale brown with somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, doliiform, or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, with a relatively narrow elongated neck, proliferating percurrently several times with distinct annellations, often also sympodially after a few percurrent proliferations, 6-9(-12) × 2.5-3(-5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to filiform-cylindrical, straight, slightly curved to flexuous, attenuated gradually to a narrowly pointed apex and narrowly truncate base, (0-)3-5(-6)-septate (septa very thin and easily overlooked), not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (17-)30-55 (-79) × 1-2 μm (living; rehydrated, 1-1.8 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P344"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 9-13 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; immersed mycelium mostly homogeneously coral to scarlet, the pigment diffusing beyond the colony margin; in the centre black and slightly elevated due to immersed and more frequently superficial pycnidia, surrounded by an area with more scattered pycnidia, releasing pale flesh droplets of conidial slime; aerial mycelium scanty, consisting of minute white tufts; reverse scarlet to coral, the centre darker, blood colour. Colonies may develop sectors that are unpigmented and glabrous. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 8-11 mm diam in 2 wk; similar as on OA, but generally less strongly pigmented. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 6-9 mm diam in 2 wk, the margin irregular; colonies restricted, the centre elevated and cerebriform to irregularly pustulate, up to 2 mm high, the surface pale brown, later black, with scanty white areal mycelium; reverse of the colony dark brick, paler towards the margin. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 6-11 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; immersed mycelium greenish grey to dark slate blue, throughout covered by well-developed, tufty whitish grey arial mycelium that later attains a reddish haze; reverse blood colour, but margin paler; in the central part of the colony numerous pycnidia develop, releasing pale vinaceous to rosy-buff conidial slime; in older colonies the centre becomes cerebriform and up to 3mm high, much as on MEA.</p><p id="P345"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> (OA) as <italic>in planta</italic>, pycnidial, sometimes merged into larger complex stromata dark brown, glabrous, 80-180 μm diam, with a single ostiolum, or without preformed opening and simply bursting open; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but more often integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores, often only proliferating percurrently and/or sympodially, 6-15 × 3-7.5 μm; <italic>conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, 1-6(-7)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, with several minute oil-droplets and numerous granules in each cell, (30-)40-80(-100) ×1.5-2(-2.5) μm.</p><p id="P346"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Knautia</italic> spp., <italic>Succisa</italic> spp. and <italic>Scabiosa</italic> spp.</p><p id="P347"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ötztal, Brunau, along roadside, on living leaves of <italic>Knautia arvensis</italic>, 30 July 2000, G. Verkley 1023, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21184&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21184</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108981&link_type=cbs">CBS 108981</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109021&link_type=cbs">109021</ext-link>; Tirol, Ötztal, Sautens, in meadow, 30 July 2000, G. Verkley 1030, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21180&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21180</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108985&link_type=cbs">CBS 108985</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=108986&link_type=cbs">108986</ext-link>; Tirol, Ötztal, Ötz, near Piburger See along forest road, on living leaves of <italic>K. dipsacifolia</italic>, 1 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1033, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21179&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21179</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109092&link_type=cbs">CBS 109092</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109093&link_type=cbs">109093</ext-link>; Tirol, Ober Inntal, Samnaun Gruppe, Serfaus, on living leaves of <italic>K. dipsacifolia</italic>, 9 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1062, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21172&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21172</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109128&link_type=cbs">CBS 109128</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109129&link_type=cbs">109129</ext-link>. <bold>France</bold>, on living leaves of <italic>Succissa pratensis,</italic> H.A. van der Aa 11375, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.93</ext-link>. <bold>Germany</bold>, on living leaves of <italic>Scabiosa lucida,</italic> R. Schneider, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=356.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 356.58</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Gelderland, near Winssen, along Waalbanddijk, on living leaves of <italic>K. arvensis</italic>, 9 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 919, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21201&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21201</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102333&link_type=cbs">CBS 102333</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102334&link_type=cbs">102334</ext-link>; same loc., host, date, G. Verkley 920, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21203&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21203</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102335&link_type=cbs">CBS 102335</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102336&link_type=cbs">102336</ext-link>; same loc., host, date, G. Verkley 921, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21202&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21202</ext-link>; unknown host, July 1937, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=317.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 317.37</ext-link>.</p><p id="P348"><italic>Notes</italic>: Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) and Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">1973</xref>) reported variability in the maximum length of conidia on the host plant. This is confirmed in the present study, where the highest and lowest maximum lengths observed in specimens were 79 and 42 μm, in specimens <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21184&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21184</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21180&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21180</ext-link>, respectively. Both specimens were collected from the same host at comparable altitudes (ca. 700 m), from localities in Tirol, Austria less than three kilometers apart. Isolates obtained from these two collections proved equally capable of producing conidia up 100 μm long under standard conditions of incubation.</p><p id="P349">These isolates as well as other from <italic>Knautia arvensis</italic>, and strains originating from <italic>Scabiosa</italic> and <italic>Succissa</italic> showed no correlation between conidial sizes and host, and although some variation in gene sequences was observed, especially in Act and EF, the data firmly support the hypothesis that they belong to a single taxon. Several <italic>formae</italic> have been described in <italic>S. scabiosicola</italic>, but evidence to support these as separate entities is wanting. <italic>Septoria scabiosicola</italic> is relatively distantly related from other members of the <italic>Septoria</italic> clade (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>).</p><p id="P350"><bold><italic>Septoria senecionis</italic></bold> Westend., Bull. Acad. r. Belg., Cl. Sci., Sér. 2, 19: 121. 1851. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F35">Fig. 35A-E</xref>.</p><p id="P351"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> indefinite, hologenous leaf lesions, often eventually affecting large parts of the leaf lamina, initially pale yellowish, later pale to dark brown. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, numerous, scattered, immersed, mostly epiphyllous, pale brown, lenticular to globose, (45-)65-120(-160) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> circular, central, initially 20-35 μm wide, later opening to 60 μm diam, lacking distinctly differentiated cells; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, mostly 15-20 μm thick, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls and 4.5-10 μm diam, the inner cells hyaline and thin-walled and of comparable diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete or integrated in short, 1-2-septate conidiophores, cylindrical, or ampuliform with a relatively short neck, hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, and sometimes also percurrently with indistinct annellations, 6.5-10(-12.5) × 2.5-4.5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, weakly to strongly curved, or flexuous, gradually attenuated to a rounded apex, gradually or more abruptly attenuated into a broadly truncate base, (0-)2-5(-6)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several small guttules and numerous granules in each cell in the living state, oil-droplets rarely merged into larger guttules in the rehydrated state, (20-)40-65 × 2-2.5(-3) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P352"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 7-10 mm diam in 2 wk (22-26 mm in 6 wk), with an even, somewhat undulating, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies spreading, the surface plane, immersed mycelium pale luteous or buff, with scattered immersed and superficial pycnidial conidiomata, which are first dark olivaceous, then almost black, glabrous, 150-450 μm diam, with a single or several (up to 5!) ostioli placed on short papillae or more elongated necks (up to 350 μm), that release buff to rosy-buff later salmon conidial slime; aerial mycelium diffuse, woolly-floccose, white; reverse honey, but isabelline to hazel in the centre. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 6-8 mm diam in 2 wk (18-23 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous margin; as on OA but immersed mycelium with a greenish haze; aerial mycelium higher and reverse darker, later hazel with olivaceous and yellow tinges; conidiomata similar as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 7-9 mm diam in 2 wk (18-21 mm in 6 wk), with an even or somewhat undulating, glabrous, buff to honey margin; colonies pustulate to almost hemispherical, immersed mycelium rather dark, near the margin covered by woolly to felty white aerial mycelium; mostly composed of spherical conidiomatal initials, superficial mature conidiomata releasing rosy-buff to salmon, later honey conidial slime; reverse dark brick in the centre, near the margin cinnamon to honey. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 7-14 mm diam in 2 wk (20-28 mm in 6 wk), with an irregular, buff margin covered by a diffuse, felty white, later grey aerial mycelium; further as on MEA, but the colony surface less elevated and especially near the margin with greyish felty to tufty aerial mycelium; conidial slime abundantly produced, first rosy-buff, later salmon to ochreous; reverse in the centre blood colour, dark brick to cinnamon at the margin.</p><p id="P353"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> on OA see above. Conidia as <italic>in planta</italic>, mostly (0-)3-5(-6)-septate, 44-63(-70) × 2.5-3 μm.</p><p id="P354"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Senecio fluviatilis</italic> and <italic>S. nemorensis</italic>.</p><p id="P355"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Belgium</bold>, Château de Namur, on leaves of <italic>Senecio sarracenica</italic>, 1829, A. Bellynck, <bold>isotype</bold> BR-MYCO 155500-09. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Gelderland, Millingen a/d Rijn, Millingerwaard, on living leaves of <italic>S. fluviatilis</italic>, 6 Oct. 1999, G. Verkley 939, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21219&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21219</ext-link> “MBT175358”, living cultures ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102366&link_type=cbs">CBS 102366</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102381&link_type=cbs">102381</ext-link>.</p><p id="P356"><italic>Notes</italic>: The first <italic>Septoria</italic> that was described on the genus <italic>Senecio</italic> was <italic>S. senecionis</italic>. The type host is <italic>Senecio sarracenica</italic> (= <italic>Senecio fluviatilis</italic>), and in later literature it has also been reported from several other species of <italic>Senecio</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> 1973</xref>). According to the diagnosis by Westendorp, the conidia are 40 × 1.5 μm and 3-4-septate. Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) described the conidia of <italic>S. senecionis</italic> as 2-6-septate, 29-68 × 2-2.5 μm, Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">1973</xref>) as 3-4-septate, 33-57 × 1.2-2 μm. By examining the type specimen from BR it is here confirmed that conidia are in fact wider than described by Westendorp. It contains a single leaf with a few lesions, and conidia observed are 30-55 × 1.5-2.5 μm, and mostly 3-5-septate. The fresh material that was collected in the Netherlands from the same host species, <italic>Senecio fluviatilis</italic>, and from which <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102366&link_type=cbs">CBS 102366</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102381&link_type=cbs">102381</ext-link> were isolated, is in sufficient agreement with the type and is therefore designated here as epitype of <italic>S. senecionis</italic>. Differences with <italic>Septoria putrida</italic> are discussed under that species.</p><p id="P357"><bold><italic>Septoria sii</italic></bold> Roberge ex Desm., Pl. crypt. Fr., Fasc. 44, no 2185; Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 20: 92. 1853. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F37">Fig. 37</xref>.</p><fig id="F37" position="float"><label>Fig. 37.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria sii</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102370&link_type=cbs">CBS 102370</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21223&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21223</ext-link>). E. Ibid., on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102369&link_type=cbs">CBS 102369</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig37"></graphic></fig><p id="P358"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots, yellow to brown, initially vaguely delimited but later well-delimited by veinlets, scattered, later often confluent over large areas, visible on both sides of the leaf. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, rarely also hypophyllous, single, scattered or in small clusters, globose to subglobose, immersed, (60-)80-110 μm diam; ostiolum circular, central, 12.5-25(-35) μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous; conidiomatal wall composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> 5-10 μm thick, with an outer layer of cells 3-4.5 μm diam with brown, thickened walls, and an inner layer of hyaline and thin-walled cells, 2.5-4 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, broadly or elongated ampulliform, normally with a distinct neck, hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently, annellations indistinct, 5-8.5 × 3-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight, curved, or flexuous, gradually attenuated to a relatively broadly rounded apex, more or less abruptly attenuated into a truncate base, 1-3(-4)-septate, slightly to distinctly constricted around the septa in the fresh, fully hydrated state, hyaline, containing one to several relatively large oil-droplets in each cell, in the rehydrated state with irregular oil-masses (20-)29-35(-42) × 2-2.5(-3) μm (living; rehydrated, 1.5-2 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P359"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 4-9 mm diam in 2 wk [(15-) 19-23 mm in 6 wk], with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; colonies remaining almost plane, immersed mycelium olivaceous-black, locally however peach is dominant, which becomes scarlet after several wk; aerial mycelium mostly well-developed, woolly-floccose, white; scattered, mostly immersed pycnidial to stromatic conidiomata developing in the centre, releasing droplets of milky white to rosy-buff conidial slime; reverse dark slate blue to olivaceous-black, and locally peach, the pigment not diffusing into the medium. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA up to 1.5 mm diam in 2 wk [7-10 (-25) mm in 6 wk], as on OA, but peach pigment diffusing into the medium, while the colony itself is predominantly olivaceous-black. Colonies frequently develop faster growing sectors that first are buff and sporulate directly from the mycelium, later become pale luteous with a distinct scarlet pigmentation and forming numerous mostly superficial pycnidia. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 3-6 mm diam in 2 wk [12-14(-26) mm in 6 wk], the margin ruffled, olivaceous-black; colony concolorous, irregularly pustulate-worty, covered by diffuse to dense felty white or greyish aerial mycelium; numerous conidiomatal initials developing at the surface, mature ones releasing cirrhi of conidia that first are milky white, later salmon, sometimes merging to form slimy masses covering areas of the colony surface; the agar surrounding the colony slightly discoloured by diffusing pigment(s). <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 5-6 mm diam in 2 wk [8-13(-15) mm in 6 wk], as on MEA; some parts of the colonies pale ochreous, tardily sporulating, releasing pale flesh to salmon droplets of conidial slime from superficial pycnidial conidiomata.</p><p id="P360">Cultures sporulating with conidiogenous cells developing in (superficial) mycelial hyphae, solitary or in sequences, in addition to c<italic>onidiomata. Conidiomata</italic> on OA pycnidial, single, dark brown to black, 80-185 μm diam, ostiolum single 30-60 μm diam, or stromatic without a differentiated opening and up to 220 μm diam; conidiogenous cells inside pycnidia as <italic>in planta</italic> but often with more elongated neck, holoblastic, percurrently proliferating one to several times with indistinct annellations, 7-12.5 × 3-6 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, 22-43 × 2.2-2.5 μm.</p><p id="P361"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Sium latifolium</italic>, other <italic>Sium</italic> spp. and <italic>Berula erecta</italic> (syn. <italic>Sium erectum</italic>).</p><p id="P362"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Friesland, Terschelling, ditch in polder S of Hoorn, on living leaves of <italic>Berula erecta</italic>, 19 Aug. 1995, H.A. van der Aa 12029, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18173&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18173</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 118.96</ext-link>; same substr., Prov. Utrecht, ‘s Graveland, Kortenhoefse plassen, “Oppad”, 14 Oct. 1999, G. Verkley & H.A. van der Aa 945, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21223&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21223</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102369&link_type=cbs">CBS 102369</ext-link>; same loc., substr., date, G. Verkley & H.A. van der Aa 946, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21222&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21222</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102370&link_type=cbs">CBS 102370</ext-link>.</p><p id="P363"><italic>Notes</italic>: The stout conidia with blunt apices and distinct constrictions around the septa (at least in the living, turgescent state) and the absence of sympodial proliferation in conidiogenesis distinguish this species from most other <italic>Septoria</italic> on <italic>Apiaceae</italic> here investigated, including <italic>S. apiicola</italic>. According to the original diagnosis, based on material from <italic>Sium latifolium</italic> in France, the conidia are 30-40 × 2.5 μm. Most later authors have reported somewhat different size ranges; for example Teterevnikova-Babayan (1985) observed conidia 20-60 × 1-1.5 μm, Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) 20-41 × 1.5-2.2 μm, and Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">1973</xref>) reported 30-40 × 2-3 μm. The material available for this study proved homogeneous in morphology and genotype. The phylogenetic data indicate that this species is very closely related to <italic>S. mazi</italic>, a fungus occurring on <italic>Mazus japonica</italic> (<italic>Scrophulariaceae</italic>), but also to <italic>S. aegopodina</italic> on <italic>Aegopodium</italic> sp. (<italic>Apiaceae</italic>). The conidia of <italic>S. mazi</italic> morphologically resemble those of <italic>S. sii</italic>, but they are narrower and the septa normally indistinct [15-42 × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">Shin & Sameva 2004</xref>].</p><p id="P364"><bold><italic>Septoria sisyrinchii</italic></bold> Speg., An. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires, 6: 324. 1899. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F38">Fig. 38</xref>.</p><fig id="F38" position="float"><label>Fig. 38.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria sisyrinchii</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112096&link_type=cbs">CBS 112096</ext-link>. A-D. Colonies (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. Ibid., reverse. C. On MEA. D. Ibid., detail of colony margin. E-G. Conidia on OA. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig38"></graphic></fig><p id="P365"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions developing in large areas of the leaf lamina that first turn yellow, indefinite, hologenous, pale to dark brown, appearing black due to numerous conidiomata. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, amphigenous, numerous, semi-immersed to immersed, subglobose to globose, black, 70-100(-120) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, 15-35 μm wide, sometimes opening more widely, releasing white to pale yellowish cirrhi of conidial slime, surrounding cells concolourous or somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 15-20 μm thick, composed of an outer layer of isodiametric cells 5-8 μm diam with brown, slightly thickened cell walls up to 1 μm thick, and an inner layer of globose to isodiametric cells 3-6 μm diam with thin, hyaline walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete or integrated in 1-septate conidiophores up 15 μm long, cylindrical, or ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, percurrent proliferations not observed, 5-10 × 2.5-3.5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical to cylindrical-filiform, slightly to strongly curved, sometimes flexuous, narrowly rounded to somewhat pointed at the apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly towards the truncate base, (0-)1-3-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, containing minute oil-droplets and granular material in the rehydrated state, (15.5-)20-30 × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P366"><italic>Description in vitro (18 °C, near UV)</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 11-15 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, buff margin; colonies restricted to spreading, immersed mycelium a mixture of luteous and saffron, the surface provided with a very diffuse, white fluffy to woolly aerial mycelium, which is denser in zones; reverse sienna; numerous conidiomata developing after 5-7 d especially in the centre, releasing milky white rosy-buff conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 10-14 mm diam in 2 wk, with a buff, minutely ruffled margin; colonies restricted, radially striate and somewhat elevated in the centre, the surface dirty greyish brown, soon covered by large masses ochreous to pale brown masses of conidia. Reverse chestnut to blood color, or brown-vinaceous.</p><p id="P367">Conidiomata and conidiogenous cells as <italic>in planta</italic>. Conidia as <italic>in planta</italic>, mostly 18-35× 1.5-2.5 μm.</p><p id="P368"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Sisyrinchum</italic> spp.</p><p id="P369"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>New Zealand</bold>, Auckland, Manurewa, Auckland Botanical Gardens, on leaf of <italic>Sisyrinchum</italic> sp., 28 Dec. 2002, C. F. Hill LYN 755, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21259&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21259</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112096&link_type=cbs">CBS 112096</ext-link>.</p><p id="P370"><italic>Notes</italic>: The material from Auckland agrees well with the original diagnosis of <italic>S. sisyrinchii</italic>, which was based on material from <italic>Sisyrinchium bonariense</italic> in Argentina. Conidia were described as 0-3-septate, 15-24 × 2.5 μm. The multilocus phylogeny indicates that <italic>S. anthurii</italic> of the genus <italic>Anthurium</italic> (<italic>Araceae</italic>) is a closely related species (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>).</p><p id="P371"><bold><italic>Septoria stachydis</italic></bold> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 8: 19. 1847. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F39">Fig. 39</xref>.</p><fig id="F39" position="float"><label>Fig. 39.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria stachydis</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102337&link_type=cbs">CBS 102337</ext-link> (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21226&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21226</ext-link>). E. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21175&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21175</ext-link>). F-I. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123750&link_type=cbs">CBS 123750</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig39"></graphic></fig><p id="P372"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots angular or irregular, greyish to yellowish brown, with a somewhat darker to black border. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, rarely also hypophyllous, mostly 1-5 in each leaf spot, globose to subglobose, dark brown, semi-immersed, 65-100(-125) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, 12-20 μm wide, later opening more widely up to 50 μm, surrounding cells somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 12-18 μm thick, composed of angular and irregular cells 2.5-6 μm diam, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells with hyaline and thinner walls. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> discrete, sometimes integrated into 1-septate conidiophores, hyaline, broadly ampulliform with a relatively narrow neck, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently with indistinct annellations, rarely also sympodially, 5-8(-10) × 2.5-3.5(-5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform to filiform-cylindrical, curved or irregularly bent, rarely straight or flexuous, with a narrowly rounded or somewhat pointed apex, with a truncate base, (0-)1-3(-5)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (17-)20-42 × 1-2 μm (living; rehydrated, 1-1.5 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P373"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 13-16 mm diam in 2 wk (V1049: 8-10 mm in 12 d, 16-18 mm in 3 wk; > 50 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; immersed mycelium mostly homogeneously coral after 2 wk, the centre of the colony already appearing almost black by numerous superficial and immersed pycnidia; olivaceous-black sectors with dark pigmented radiating sterile hyphae also present, later becoming more dominant, or sectors covered by salmon masses of conidia formed directly from mycelial hyphae; aerial mycelium absent; reverse concolorous, but blood colour in the centre, later mainly olivaceous-black or dark slate blue. Surface of the colony smooth. Pycnidia numerous after 2 wk, superficial or immersed, releasing salmon or rosy-buff droplets of conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 8-12 mm diam in 2 wk (11-14 mm in 12 d, 14-24 mm in 3 wk), as on OA, but olivaceous-black sectors more dominant, sometimes colony almost entirely so. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 8-10 (slow growing sectors) to 12-16 (fast growing sectors) in 2 wk (18-21 mm in 3 wk; 43-58 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous, honey to buff margin; immersed mycelium very dark blood colour; centre of the colony rising high above the agar surface, cerebriform, covered by dirty ochreous conidial slime formed from separate or fused pycnidial conidiomata. Aerial mycelium in slow-growing sectors scanty, scattered minute tufts of white aerial mycelium, in faster growing sectors well-developed, dense, woolly-cottony, first white, later olivaceous-grey to glaucous grey, locally with a reddish discoloration; some colonies with a more homogeneous, olivaceous-black felty surface, sporulating after 3 wk in the centre, with superficial black pycnidial conidiomata releasing milky white masses of conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 12-18 mm in 2 wk (15-18 mm in 3 wk; 34-38 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; immersed mycelium greenish grey to dark slate blue, the outer zone covered by well-developed, tufty whitish grey aerial mycelium; reverse blood colour, but margin paler; in the central part of the colony numerous pycnidia develop, releasing pale vinaceous to rosy-buff conidial slime; in older colonies the centre becomes cerebriform, much as on MEA.</p><p id="P374"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> (OA) immersed in the agar or on the agar surface, black, single, globose, 100-175 μm diam, or irregular, and merged into large complexes 190-350 μm diam, with relatively thick walls; <italic>ostiolum</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, or absent; <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but more often integrated in 1-3-septate conidiophores. <italic>Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, 22-47(-54.5) × 1-2 μm.</p><p id="P375"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Stachys</italic> spp.</p><p id="P376"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Ober Inntal, Lawenwald near Serfaus, on living leaves of <italic>Stachys sylvatica</italic>, 8 Aug. 2000, G. Verkley 1049, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21175&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21175</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109126&link_type=cbs">CBS 109126</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109127&link_type=cbs">109127</ext-link>. <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Moravia, Veltice, Forest of Rendez Vous, on living leaves of <italic>Stachys</italic> sp., 16 Sep. 2008, G. Verkley 6008, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21253&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21253</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123750&link_type=cbs">CBS 123750</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123879&link_type=cbs">123879</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Utrecht, Baarn, Kasteel Groeneveld, on living leaves of <italic>St. sylvatica</italic>, 7 July 1968, H.A. van der Aa 685, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18175&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18175</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=449.68&link_type=cbs">CBS 449.68</ext-link>; prov. Gelderland, Wageningen, Binnenveld, on living leaves of <italic>Stachys</italic> sp., 23 July 1981, H.A. van der Aa 7952, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18176&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18176</ext-link>; prov. Gelderland, Winssen, Kasteel Doddendael, on living leaves of <italic>St. sylvatica</italic>, 9 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 922, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21204&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21204</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102326&link_type=cbs">CBS 102326</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102337&link_type=cbs">102337</ext-link>; prov. Limburg, Gulpen, near Stokhem, on living leaves of <italic>St. sylvatica</italic>, 28 June 2000, G. Verkley 965, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21226&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21226</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109005&link_type=cbs">CBS 109005</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109006&link_type=cbs">109006</ext-link>. <bold>Romania</bold>, distr. Ilfov, pădurea Malu Spart, on living leaves of <italic>St. sylvatica</italic>, 27 June 1971, G. Negrean & A. Voicu <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18178&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18178</ext-link>, distributed in Herb. Mycol. Romanicum, fasc. 41, no. 2001; distr. Prahova, Sinaia, Valea Peleşului, on living leaves of <italic>St. sylvatica</italic>, 4 Sep. 1971, G. Negrean <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18177&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18177</ext-link>, distributed in Herb. Mycol. Romanicum, fasc. 41, no. 2002.</p><p id="P377">Additional material examined - <bold>Germany</bold>, loc. unknown, isol. Ziekler, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=307.31&link_type=cbs">CBS 307.31</ext-link>, preserved as <italic>S. stachydis,</italic> identity uncertain.</p><p id="P378"><italic>Notes</italic>: According to Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), the conidia of <italic>S. stachydis</italic> on <italic>Stachys sylvatica</italic> are 16-57 × 1-1.5(-2) μm, with a lowest maximum length for any collection of 32 μm. In the collections available for the present study, conidia are up to 42 μm in length <italic>in planta</italic>, and 54.5 μm long <italic>in vitro.</italic> The species differs morphologically from <italic>S. stachydicola</italic> (Bubák. ex Serebrian.) Jacz., which occurs on the same host genus. Shin & Sameva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">2004</xref>) gave a description of <italic>S. stachydicola</italic>, based on two collections of <italic>Stachys riederi</italic> var. <italic>japonica</italic> from Korea. According to these authors, the conidia of that species are 38-72 × 2-3 μm (3-7-septate), so longer and wider than those of <italic>S. stachydis</italic>. Also, the pycnidia are smaller in diam (40-80 μm) and ostioli much wider (20-36 μm) than in <italic>S. stachydis</italic>. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128668&link_type=cbs">CBS 128668</ext-link> (= KACC 44796) is described by Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>) as <italic>Septoria</italic> cf. <italic>stachydicola</italic>. This isolate, and also <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128662&link_type=cbs">CBS 128662</ext-link> (=KACC 43871) are both distant from European isolates of <italic>S. stachydis.</italic></p><p id="P379"><bold><italic>Septoria stellariae</italic></bold> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 8: 22. 1847. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F40">Fig. 40</xref>.</p><fig id="F40" position="float"><label>Fig. 40.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria stellariae</italic>. A-D. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102364&link_type=cbs">CBS 102364</ext-link>. A, B. On OA. C. On CHA. D. On MEA. E. Conidia and conidiogenous cells on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102364&link_type=cbs">CBS 102364</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig40"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>? = <italic>Sphaeria isariphora</italic> Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 2, Bot. 19: 358. 1843.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Mycosphaerella isariphora</italic> (Desm.) Johanson, Öfvers. K. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Förhandl. 41 (no. 9): 165. 1884.</p></list-item></list></list-item></list><p id="P380"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> indefinite white or pale yellow to pale brown leaf lesions on lower leaves of plants, often starting at the leaf margin, extending rapidly over the lamina and leading to complete withering of leaves and their petioles. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, brown, in dense groups on withering petioles and leaves, where mostly epiphyllous, only partly immersed in the host tissue, globose or lenticular, (85-)120-160(-210) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> circular, central, initially 20-35 μm wide, later opening to 80 μm diam, without distinctly differentiated cells; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic> without distinctly differentiated layers, mostly 15-25 μm thick, the outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls and 4.5-8 μm diam, the inner cells hyaline and thin-walled and 3.5-6.5 μm diam; conidiogenous cells lining the whole inner surface of the pycnidium. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete or integrated in short simple, 1-2-septate conidiophores, cylindrical, or ampuliform to elongated ampulliform with a relatively short neck, hyaline, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, 5-12(-15) × 2.5-4 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical to filiform, weakly curved or abruptly bent in the lower cell, sometimes flexuous, gradually attenuated to the rounded apex, gradually or more abruptly attenuated into a broadly truncate base, (0-)1-3(-5)-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several small guttulae and numerous granules in each cell in the living state, oil-droplets rarely merged into larger guttules in the rehydrated state, (21-)30-64 (-70) × 1.5-2.5(-3) μm (living; rehydrated, 1-2 μm wide).</p><p id="P381"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 3-5 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; a yellow pigment diffusing into the agar beyond the margin; immersed mycelium mostly colourless to buff or saffron with scanty, whitish aerial mycelium, the centre of the colony darkened by numerous superficial and immersed, separate or confluent pycnidial conidiomata, releasing rosy-buff to salmon conidial slime; reverse pale luteous to saffron, but olivaceous-black in areas with numerous conidiomata. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 3-6 mm diam in 2 wk, as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 2-5 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous, colourless margin, locally with rapidly outgrowing hyphae forming superficial pycnidial conidiomata; colonies pustulate to hemispherical, the surface greenish grey to olivaceous-black covered by fairly dense greyish to saffron, woolly aerial mycelium; some superficial or immersed pycnidial conidiomata formed; reverse dark umber to blood colour. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 4-8 mm diam in 2 wk, remaining almost plane, with an irregular margin; immersed mycelium greenish grey to dark slate-blue in the centre, buff near the margin; aerial mycelium well-developed, greyish to white, with a distinct flesh discoloration especially at the margin; reverse blood colour; abundant immersed and superficial pycnidial conidiomata formed, releasing a buff to saffron conidial slime.</p><p id="P382"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> (OA) pycnidial and similar as <italic>in planta</italic>, single, 100-250 μm diam, but more often merged into larger complexes, brown to olivaceous brown, and up to 350 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, or absent. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, as <italic>in planta</italic> but predominantly cylindrical, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, rarely percurrently with indistinct annellations, 5-15(-22) × 2.5-4.5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> similar as <italic>in planta,</italic> (0-)3-5-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several small guttules and numerous granules in each cell, (20-)30-75(-84) × 2-2.5(-3.0) μm.</p><p id="P383"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Stellaria</italic> spp. and <italic>Myosoton</italic> spp.</p><p id="P384"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Eifel, Gunderath, near Heilbachsee, on living leaves of <italic>Stellaria media</italic>, 22 June 1992, H.A. van der Aa 11341, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-5333&link_type=cbs">CBS H-5333</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Utrecht, Baarn, on leaves of <italic>S. media</italic>, 18 May 1985, H.A. van der Aa 9492, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18179&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18179</ext-link>; Prov. Noord-Holland, Laren, on leaves of <italic>S. media</italic>, 18 Feb. 1967, H.A. van der Aa <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18180&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18180</ext-link>; prov. Noord-Brabant, Valkenswaard, on withering leaves and stems of <italic>St. media</italic>, 1 May 1967, H.A. van der Aa <italic>s.n.,</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18179&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18179</ext-link>; Ameland, Nes, on leaves of <italic>St. media</italic>, 27 May 1967, H.A. van der Aa <italic>s.n.,</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18182&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18182</ext-link>; Prov. Gelderland, Landgoed Staverden, on withering leaves and petioles of <italic>St. media</italic>, 1 Aug. 1999, G. Verkley 901, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21156&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21156</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102364&link_type=cbs">CBS 102364</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102410&link_type=cbs">102410</ext-link>; Prov. Limburg, Mook en Middelaar, St. Jansberg, near Plasmolen, on withering leaves and petioles of <italic>St. media</italic>, 9 Sept 1999, G. Verkley 933, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21157&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21157</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102378&link_type=cbs">CBS 102378</ext-link>; Prov. Flevoland, Erkemeder strand, on withering leaves and petioles of <italic>St. media</italic>, 8 Sept 1999, G. Verkley 929, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21217&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21217</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102376&link_type=cbs">CBS 102376</ext-link>; Prov. Flevoland, Ketelmeer, IJsseloog, on withering leaves and petioles of <italic>St. media</italic>, 22 May 2002, G. Verkley 1141, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21260&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21260</ext-link>. <bold>Romania</bold>, distr. Vîlcea, Muntele Cozia, Stîna Foarfeca, on living leaves of <italic>S. media</italic>, 14 Oct. 1976, G. Negrean <italic>s.n.,</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18183&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18183</ext-link>, distributed in Herb. Mycol. Romanicum, fasc. 60, no. 2990.</p><p id="P385"><italic>Notes</italic>: This fungus is a weak pathogen of <italic>Stellaria media</italic> in the Netherlands, on which it is only seen under very humid conditions. Especially the lower parts of plants that are sheltered by the surrounding vegetation are affected. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) observed conidia up to 82 μm in length on <italic>Stellaria crassifolia</italic>, and up to 96 μm long on <italic>Stellaria media</italic>, the type host. It has also been reported from other <italic>Stellaria</italic> spp., and <italic>Myosoton</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> 1973</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> 1997</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R33">Markevičius & Treigienė 2003</xref>). <italic>Septoria stellariae</italic> var. <italic>macrospora</italic> was originally described from the same host as <italic>S. stellariae, Stellaria media</italic>. According to Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>), conidia of this variety measure 50-120 × 2.5-4 μm. On fresh plant material studied here conidia longer than 70 μm were not observed, but the isolates obtained thereof did produce conidia up to 84 μm long. Sequence analyses of <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102376&link_type=cbs">CBS 102376</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102378&link_type=cbs">102378</ext-link>, and 102410 originating from three different localities showed no significant polymorphisms in the seven loci, indicating that material belongs to a single taxon. Whether the variety <italic>macrospora</italic> is tenable, is unclear at this point. We agree with Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), that the connection with the sexual morph <italic>Mycosphaerella isariphora</italic> suggested in the literature, requires confirmation. It is therefore listed as a tentative synonym of <italic>S. stellariae</italic>.</p><p id="P386"><bold><italic>Septoria urticae</italic></bold> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 8: 24. 1847. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F41">Fig. 41</xref>.</p><fig id="F41" position="float"><label>Fig. 41.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria urticae</italic>, epitype. A. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21221&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21221</ext-link>). B. Ibid., on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102371&link_type=cbs">CBS 102371</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig41"></graphic></fig><p id="P387"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf spots small, angular, often merging to irregular patterns, initially pale yellowish brown, partly becoming dark greyish brown later, with a dark border. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, several in each leaf spot, subglobose to lenticular, pale brown, usually fully immersed, 70-120 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular and 30-45 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 80 μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous to pale brown; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 10-17 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells 2.5-6.5 μm diam, the outermost cells pale yellowish brown with somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, mostly discrete, narrowly or broadly ampulliform with a relatively narrow neck, holoblastic, often first proliferating sympodially, and later also percurrently 1-several times with distinct annellations, 6-12(-16) × 4-5.5(-7) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, flexuous, or irregularly bent, with a narrowly rounded apex, attenuated towards the narrowly truncate base, (0-)1-5(-7)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (18-) 30-57(-75) × 2-3 μm (living; rehydrated, 2-2.5 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P388"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 6-7 mm diam in 2 wk (19-22 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous, red to coral margin, the pigment also clearly diffusing beyond the margin; colonies almost plane, immersed mycelium near the margin red, in the centre very dark, blood colour to black, also due to mostly superficial pycnidial conidiomata releasing pale flesh droplets of conidial slime; white, felty aerial mycelium scanty, mostly only just behind the margin; reverse concolorous. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 4-6 mm diam in 2 wk (16-17 mm in 6 wk), as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 6-7(-9) mm diam in 2 wk [20-22(-28) mm in 6 wk], with an even, buff to very pale flesh plane marginal zone; the pigment diffusing into the medium; colony often hemispherical with an irregularly pustulate-worty surface, immersed mycelium very dark chestnut to black, aerial mycelium absent, except in faster growing sectors, which are entirely covered by a dense, felty mat of reddish aerial mycelium; superficial pycnidial conidiomata releasing dirty white to flesh droplets of conidial slime. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 4-6 mm diam in 2 wk (17-22 mm in 6 wk), as on MEA, but with an initially ruffled (later more even), rather dark margin and more numerous conidiomata producing flesh droplets of conidial slime.</p><p id="P389"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> (OA) pycnidial, pale brown to dark brown, glabrous, 100-230 μm diam, with a single ostiolum as <italic>in planta</italic>, or ostioli barely differentiated; <italic>conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, but more often integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores, often only proliferating percurrently with distinct annellations on an elongated neck, 6-14 × 3-7.5 μm; <italic>conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, tapering to a rounded apex, lower part attenuated into a broad truncate base, 1-7(-9)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, with several minute oil-droplets and numerous granulae in each cell, (34-)40-70(-90) ×2.5-3(-3.5) μm.</p><p id="P390"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Urtica</italic> spp. and <italic>Glechoma hederacea</italic>.</p><p id="P391"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Utrecht, Soest, Overhees, on living leaves of <italic>Glechoma hederacea</italic>, in leaf spots associated with <italic>Puccinia glechomatis</italic>, 8 Aug. 1999, G. Verkley 904, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21197&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21197</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102316&link_type=cbs">CBS 102316</ext-link>; Prov. Utrecht, ‘s Graveland, Kortenhoefse plassen, “Oppad”, on living leaves of <italic>Urtica dioica</italic>, 14 Oct. 1999, H.A. van der Aa & G. Verkley 947, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21221&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21221</ext-link> “MBT175359”, living cultures ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102371&link_type=cbs">CBS 102371</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102375&link_type=cbs">102375</ext-link>.</p><p id="P392"><italic>Notes</italic>: Muthumary (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">1999</xref>) provided a description and illustration of type material of <italic>S. urticae</italic> (PC 1309). Because there are only insignificant differences between his observations of the type and those observed here in the Dutch collection on the same host, <italic>Urtica dioica</italic>, the latter is selected as epitype. Muthumary reported ostioli 20-40 μm wide, while in the Dutch material the ostioli eventually open up further to about 80 μm wide. Muthumary observed conidia 35-50 × 2-2.5 μm with 3-4 septa, but other authors have found that conidia <italic>in planta</italic> can be much longer and have more septa. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) found that conidia in Norwegean material on <italic>U. dioica</italic> were 22-81 × 1-1.5 μm, with up to 6 septa. Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>), who studied material on <italic>U. insidia</italic> and <italic>U. urens</italic> in Australia reported conidia (26-)35-50(-70) × 1.5-2 μm, 3-5-septate. The present study shows that <italic>in vitro</italic> conidia can even be up to 90 μm long in this species. The material from <italic>Glechoma hederaceae</italic> sporulating in association with the rust <italic>Puccinia glechomatis</italic>, proved morphologically in good agreement with that on <italic>Urtica dioica</italic>, and since it is also genetically similar to the material from that host, it is regarded conspecific. Other <italic>Septoria</italic> species have also occasionally been found in association with rust sori, viz., <italic>S. lagenophorae</italic>, which is regarded to be a hyperparasite of rusts, and occasionally also other leaf-spotting fungi (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>).</p><p id="P393">According to Muthumary, the conidiogenous cells of <italic>S. urticae</italic> each produce a solitary terminal conidium and often also proliferate sympodially. It is established here that <italic>S. urticae</italic> is also capable of proliferating percurrently, and that this mode of proliferation is more frequent in pure culture. In contrast, Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) observed conidiogenous cells that first produced a conidium holoblastically, and subsequent conidia enteroblastically at the same level from a narrow conidiogenous locus, viz. like in phialidic conidiogenesis. It is unclear whether this is truly phialidic conidiogenesis, or just cryptic percurrent proliferation as observed in <italic>S. chrysanthemella,</italic> where the scars of the subsequent secessions are indistinguishable due to the limitations in the resolution of the light microscope (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R70">Verkley 1998a</xref>).</p><p id="P394"><bold><italic>Septoria verbenae</italic></bold> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot., 8: 19. 1847. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F42">Fig. 42</xref>.</p><fig id="F42" position="float"><label>Fig. 42.</label><caption><p><italic>Septoria verbenae</italic>. A. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21241&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21241</ext-link>). B. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113438&link_type=cbs">CBS 113438</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig42"></graphic></fig><p id="P395"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> stem lesions and leaf spots small, angular to irregular, and merging to elongated areas, initially red to purplish red, then becoming pale in the centre with a darker border. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, one to a few in each lesion, globose, dark brown, immersed, 70-140 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, 25-40 μm wide, surrounding cells dark; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> about 12.5-20 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of <italic>textura angularis</italic> with hyaline cells 2.5-7.5 μm diam, the outermost cells mid brown with somewhat thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled and pale yellowish brown. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, or integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores, narrowly ampulliform to almost cylincrical, often with a relatively narrow neck, holoblastic, first proliferating sympodially, and in some cells later also percurrently 1-several times with indistinct annellations, 12-18(-20) × 2.5-6 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, flexuous, with a narrowly rounded to somewhat pointed apex, attenuated towards the narrowly truncate base, (1-)3(-5)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with inconspicuous oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (22-)16-48 × (1-)1.5-2 μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P396"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 10-13 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, colourless margin; colonies restricted to spreading, immersed mycelium citrine to grey-olivaceous, locally soon darker radiating strands occur, glabrous but in the centre of colonies, where irregular elevations are formed, covered by well-developed, grey to white finely felted aerial mycelium; reverse greenish grey to olivaceous-black. Conidiomata developing immersed or on the agar surface after 10-2 wk. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 10-13 mm diam in 2 wk, with a slighlty ruffled, buff to amber margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate, the surface entirely covered by a low, dense mat of whitish to grey finely felted aerial mycelium; reverse dark brown to almost black, locally fulvous to sienna. No sporulation observed.</p><p id="P397"><italic>Conidia</italic> (OA) filiform to cylindrical, typically weakly to strongly curved, sometimes straight or flexuous, attenuated gradually to a somewhat pointed apex, attenuated gradually or more abruptly to the narrowly truncate to almost rounded base, hyaline, with granular contents and minute oil droplets, (1-)3-5(-7)-septate, (22-)28-46(-54) × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm.</p><p id="P398"><italic>Host</italic>: <italic>Verbena officinalis.</italic></p><p id="P399"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>New Zealand</bold>, North Isl., Northland, Bay of Islands area, Manawaora along roadside, on living leaves of <italic>Verbena officinalis</italic>, 30 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 2017, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21240&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21240</ext-link>; same loc., date, on stems of <italic>V. officinalis</italic>, G. Verkley 2023, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21241&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21241</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113438&link_type=cbs">CBS 113438</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113481&link_type=cbs">113481</ext-link>.</p><p id="P400"><italic>Notes</italic>: Priest (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">2006</xref>) gave a detailed description based on a collection from New South Wales, Australia [conidia (1-)3-septate, 26-48 × 1.5(-2) μm]. The two strains available proved morphologically similar. These New Zealand strains proved to have identical Act, Btub, Cal, EF, and RPB2 sequences, distinct from other <italic>Septoria</italic>.</p></sec><sec id="S15"><title>Sphaerulina</title><p id="P401"><italic>Type species</italic>: <italic>Sphaerulina myriadea</italic> (DC.) Sacc., Michelia 1: 399. 1878.</p><p id="P402">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">2013</xref>, this volume) provide a description based on the sexual morph and treat several additional species with septoria-like asexual morphs.</p><p id="P403"><bold><italic>Sphaerulina aceris</italic></bold> (Lib.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804473&link_type=mb">MB804473</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F43">Fig. 43</xref>.</p><fig id="F43" position="float"><label>Fig. 43.</label><caption><p><italic>Sphaerulina aceris</italic>. A, B. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=183.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 183.97</ext-link>. A. On OA. B. On MEA. C, D. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21239&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21239</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig43"></graphic></fig><p id="P404"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Ascochyta aceris</italic> Lib., Pl. crypt. Ard., Cent. 1: no. 54. 1830.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Septoria aceris</italic> (Lib.) Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 2, 5: 379. 1850.</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phloeospora aceris</italic> (Lib.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 577. 1884.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria pseudoplatani</italic> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 3, Bot. 8: 21. 1847.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Cylindrosporium pseudoplatani</italic> (Roberge ex Desm.) Died., Annls mycol. 10: 486. 1912.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Sphaerella latebrosa</italic> Cooke, Handb. Brit. Fungi 2: no. 2754. 1871.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic> (Cooke) J. Schröt., in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien (Breslau) 3.2(3): 334. 1894 [1908].</p></list-item><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Carlia latebrosa</italic> (Cooke) Höhn., Hedwigia 62: 73. 1920.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria seminalis</italic> var. <italic>platanoidis</italic> Allesch., Hedwigia 35: 34. 1896.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Cylindrosporium platanoidis</italic> (Allesch.) Died., Annls mycol. 10(5): 486. 1912.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Septoria epicotylea</italic> Sacc., Malpighia 11: 314. 1897.</p></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Phloeospora pseudoplatani</italic> Bubák & Kabát in Bubák, Sber. K. böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-naturw, Kl., 7: 16. 1903.</p></list-item></list><p id="P405"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> small (0.2-0.5 mm diam), circular to angular, hologenous reddish brown leaf spots. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> acervular, epi- or hypophyllous, one to a few in each leaf spot, pale brown (drying dark brown), 105-180(-220) μm diam, releasing conidia in white columnar masses; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> mainly consisting of a basal 15-25(-35) μm thick layer of angular to subglobose, subhyaline to pale brown cells 5-10 μm diam, lateral wall absent or very poorly developed, composed of similar, somewhat darker cells. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete or integrated in 1(-2)-septate conidiophores, subglobose, doliiform or ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently with one to several disctinct annellations, or sympodially, sometimes both types of proliferation occur in a single conidiogenous cell, 8-15 (-20) × 2.5-4 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight or more or less curved, attenuated gradually to a broadly rounded apex, attenuated more or less abruptly to a truncate base, (1-)3-septate, conspicuously constricted around the septa in fresh and rehydrated state, hyaline, contents with numerous minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (32-)37-47(-50) × 3-4 μm (living; rehydrated, 2-3 μm wide).</p><p id="P406"><italic>Description in vitro. Colonies</italic> on OA 3-4 mm diam in 2 wk, with a undulating even margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate, the surface buff or much darker grey to brown, locally glabrous but mostly covered by a dense mat of finely felted white aerial mycelium, conidiomata developing on the surface releasing conidia in clear droplets, or in milky white to rosy-buff masses; reverse dark greyish or brown-vinaceous. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 3-4(-8) mm diam in 2 wk, with a undulating even margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate, the surface almost black provided with low and finely felted, diffuse, grey to white aerial mycelium, conidiomata developing just beneath the colony surface, releasing white cirrhi of conidia; reverse a palet of brown-vinaceous, cinnamon and olivaceous-grey.</p><p id="P407"><italic>Conidia</italic> (OA) as <italic>in planta</italic>, (31-)34-50(-58) × 3.5-5 μm. Microconidia (spermatia of the <italic>Asteromella</italic> state) ellipsoid, hyaline, 0-septate, 3-4 × 1.5 μm.</p><p id="P408"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Acer campestre, A. circinatum, A. hyrcanum</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> 1997</xref>) and <italic>A. pseudoplatanus</italic>.</p><p id="P409"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>France</bold>, locality unknown, on leaves of <italic>Acer campestre,</italic> distributed in Libert, Pl. Cryptog. Ard. Fasc. 1 (1830): no. 54, <bold>isotype</bold> BR-MYCO 153858-16, type of <italic>Ascochyta aceris</italic> Lib. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Utrecht, Baarn, on <italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic>, July 1969, I. Blok, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=514.69&link_type=cbs">CBS 514.69</ext-link>; Baarn, garden WCS, on living leaves of <italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic>, 23 July 1985, H.A. van der Aa 9537, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-14666&link_type=cbs">CBS H-14666</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=652.85&link_type=cbs">CBS 652.85</ext-link>; same substr., prov. Zuid-Holland, Wassenaar, Hollandsch Duin, 14 Aug. 1994, G. Verkley 227, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18040&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18040</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=687.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 687.94</ext-link>; same substr., prov. Zuid-Holland, Wassenaar, Ganzenhoek, 8 Aug. 1995, G. Verkley 307, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21239&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21239</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=187.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 187.96</ext-link>; same substr., prov. Utrecht, Baarn, Eemnesserweg, 7 May 1996, H.A. van der Aa 12120, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-14665&link_type=cbs">CBS H-14665</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=183.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 183.97</ext-link>; <bold>USA</bold>, Oregon, Lane Co., Proxy Falls Trail, on living leaves of <italic>Acer circinatum</italic>, 11 Oct. 1996, J. K. Stone & G. Verkley 480, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21236&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21236</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=655.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 655.97</ext-link>.</p><p id="P410"><italic>Notes</italic>: This is the oldest septoria-like species described from members of the family <italic>Aceraceae</italic>. It occurs on several species of the genus <italic>Acer</italic>. In the original diagnosis of Libert, three host species were mentioned, viz., <italic>A. campestre, A. pseudoplatanus</italic> and <italic>A. platanoides</italic>. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) treated forms on <italic>A. platanoides</italic> with conidia 26-60 × 2-2.5 μm as <italic>S. apatela</italic> All. (synonyms <italic>S. seminalis</italic> var. <italic>platanoidis</italic> All., <italic>Phleospora platanoidis</italic> Kabát & Bubák, <italic>Phloeospora samarigena</italic> Bubák & Krieg.), while those on <italic>A. campestre</italic> remained unsettled. According to Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) conidia of <italic>S. aceris</italic> are 24-43 × 2-3 μm, with 3 septa, which agrees well with the sizes observed in the type specimen available in the present study. This material also showed a small proportion of 4-septate conidia in one of the fruitbodies. More species with conidia longer than 60 μm have been described from <italic>A. platanoides</italic>, and these need to be critically assessed in a comprehensive study including isolates of all <italic>Septoria</italic> occurring on the genus <italic>Acer</italic>. No isolates from the the type host <italic>A. campestre</italic> that would be most suitable as epitype, were available, hence no epitypification is proposed here. The ultrastructure of conidiogenesis and conidia of <italic>S. aceris</italic> was studied by Verkley (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R71">1998b</xref>), who showed that in a single cell percurrent as well as sympodial proliferation can occur.</p><p id="P411">A description of the sexual morph known as <italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic> was provided by Kuijpers & Aptroot (2002), but their species concept included several discrete entities that are distinguishable by their conidial states and occur on distantly related host plants. It is unlikely that these entities can be distinguished at all by the morphology of the sexual state (Verkley & Starink-Willemse 2004).</p><p id="P412"><bold><italic>Sphaerulina cornicola</italic></bold> (DC.: Fr.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804474&link_type=mb">MB804474</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F44">Fig. 44</xref>.</p><fig id="F44" position="float"><label>Fig. 44.</label><caption><p><italic>Sphaerulina cornicola</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102324&link_type=cbs">CBS 102324</ext-link>. A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig44"></graphic></fig><p id="P413"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Depazea cornicola</italic> DC.: Fr., in De Candolle & Lamarck, Flore Française VI: 146. 1815.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Septoria cornicola</italic> (DC.: Fr.) Desm., Pl. crypt. Fr., Fasc. 7, no 342. 1828; Index Pl. crypt. Fr.: 24. 1851.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>S. cornicola</italic> var. <italic>ampla</italic> H. C. Greene, Amer. Midl. Nat. 41: 755. 1949 (fide <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Farr 1991</xref>).</p></list-item></list><p id="P414">For extended synonymy see Farr (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">1991</xref>). Neotype on <italic>Cornus sanguinea,</italic> France (BPI, designated by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Farr 1991</xref>), not seen.</p><p id="P415"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> starting as red discolorations of the leaf lamina and margin, which develop to scattered, circular to irregular, hologenous leaf spots, that later become pale brown, and surrounded by a dark brown to black bordering zone and a distinct red or purple periphery. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, numerous scattered in each leaf spot, subglobose to globose, brown to black, immersed or semi-immersed, 55-100(-120) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, initially circular and 25-40 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 60 μm wide, surrounding cells concolorous to pale brown. <italic>Conidiomatal wall</italic> about 10-15 μm thick, composed of a outer layer of hyphal to irregular cells 3.0-8 μm diam with brown walls, and an inner layer of hyaline cells 3-5 μm diam; <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, doliiform, or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, sometimes also percurrently with indistinct annellations, 5-12.5(-15) × 3-4(-8) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, regularly curved, attenuated gradually to a rounded or somewhat pointed apex and a narrowly truncate base, (0-)1-3(-5)-septate, distinctly constricted around the septa only in the fresh state, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with amorphous material and granular contents in the rehydrated state, (20-)24-40 × 3-4 μm (living; rehydrated, 2-3 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P416"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 4-7mm diam in 2 wk (12-16 mm in 6 wk), with an even, glabrous, buff margin; colonies spreading, the surface first plane, then somewhat pustulate, immersed mycelium a mixture of fawn and rosy-buff tinges, locally darker olivaceous, the surface largely covered by a rosy-buff to vinaceous buff masses or a film of conidial slime produced directly by the mycelium; reverse rosy-buff with isabelline to hazel areas, later darker in the centre. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 3-4 mm diam in 2 wk (8-12 mm in 6 wk), as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 4.5-7 mm diam in 2 wk (9-14(-16) mm in 6 wk), restricted, the entire surface of the colony regularly cerebriform with large masses of conidial slime (also covering the margin), first salmon, later darkening to ochreous or umber, eventually even chestnut; reverse sienna to bay. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 4-6 mm diam in 2 wk (11-14 mm in 6 wk), as on MEA.</p><p id="P417"><italic>Conidia</italic> (OA) as <italic>in planta,</italic> but showing secondary conidiation, 1-8(-16)-septate, conidia germinating from intermediate cells (laterally) or the basal cells (axially) to form new conidial fragments of variable length, or branched complexes, rendering a heterogeneous mixture.</p><p id="P418"><italic>Host</italic>: <italic>Cornus sanguinea</italic>.</p><p id="P419"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Baden-Württemberg, Kussa-Rheinheim, 3 Sep. 1999, A. Aptroot 46371, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21191&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21191</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Noord Brabant, Eindhoven, Milieu- & Educatiecentrum Eindhoven, on living leaves of <italic>Cornus sanguinea</italic>, 4 Sep. 1999, A. van Iperen (G. Verkley 918), <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21237&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21237</ext-link>, living cultures <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102324&link_type=cbs">CBS 102324</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102332&link_type=cbs">102332</ext-link>; same substr., prov. Limburg, Gulpen, near Stokhem, 28 June 2000, G. Verkley 963, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21238&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21238</ext-link>. <bold>USA</bold>, Maryland, Prince Georges Co., on <italic>C. sanguinea</italic>, 14 Sep. 2004, A. Y. Rossman 4089 (BPI), living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116778&link_type=cbs">CBS 116778</ext-link>.</p><p id="P420"><italic>Notes</italic>: The material examined has the typical conidia of <italic>Sphaerulina cornicola</italic>, agreeing with those described by Farr (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">1991</xref>). <italic>Septoria cornina</italic> can be distinguished from <italic>Sphaer. cornicola</italic> by more variously curved, most commonly hooked, falcate or lunate conidia (23-)32-90(-110) × 2-4(-5) μm with rounded apex (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Farr 1991</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">Shin & Sameva 2004</xref>). The phylogenetic relationship with <italic>S. cornina</italic> remains to be clarified.</p><p id="P421"><bold><italic>Sphaerulina frondicola</italic></bold> (Fr.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804477&link_type=mb">MB804477</ext-link>.</p><p id="P422">Basionym: <italic>Septoria populi</italic> Desm, Annls Sci. Nat., sér 2, Bot., 19: 345. 1843. nom. nov. pro <italic>Depazea frondicola</italic> Fr., Observationes mycologicae, 2: 365, t. 5: 6-7. 1818.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Sphaeria frondicola</italic> (Fr.) Fr., Syst. Mycol. 2: 529. 1822.</p></list-item></list></list-item><list-item><p>= <italic>Sphaerella populi</italic> Auersw., in Gonnermann & Rabenhorst, Mycol. eur. Abbild. Sämmtl. Pilze Eur. 5-6: 11 .1869.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Mycosphaerella populi</italic> (Auerw.) J. Schroet., in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien (Breslau) 3.2 (3): 336. 1894.</p></list-item></list></list-item></list><p id="P423"><italic>Description in vitro (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.59</ext-link>)</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 3-5 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even or slightly ruffled, colourless, glabrous margin; colonies restricted and up to 2 mm high after 2 wk, immersed mycelium mostly olivaceous to dark herbage green, with moderately developed, greyish white, woolly-floccose aerial mycelium; numerous large, simple or complex, olivaceous to reddish brown stromatic conidiomata formed that open widely to release masses of rosy-buff conidial slime; reverse mostly olivaceous-black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 2-3(-4) mm diam in 2 wk, with a ruffled, buff, glabrous margin; colonies restricted, up to 2 mm high, irregularly pustulate, the surface appearing dark brown to black, but with numerous hemispherical stromata at the surface which are fawn to vinaceous brown, some of which start sporulating directly from the surface forming masses of rosy-buff conidial slime after 2 wk; aerial mycelium scarce, locally denser, white; reverse almost black. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 4-6 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, rosy-buff margin covered by pure white, woolly aerial mycelium; colonies restricted, up to 2 mm high, immersed mycelium entirely hidden under a dense mat of pure white, high, woolly aerial mycelium; reverse brown-vinaceous in the centre, surrounded by a rosy-buff to buff marginal zone.<italic>Conidiomata</italic> not well-developed. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> observed holoblastic, some cells with a single percurrent proliferation. <italic>Conidia</italic> showing signs of degeneration. In addition, cylindrical to dumpbell-shaped spermatia or microconidia, (5.5-)7.5-13.5(-14.5) × 1.2-1.7 mm, are formed from phialides in the same fruitbodies.</p><p id="P424"><italic>Host</italic>: <italic>Populus pyramidalis</italic>.</p><p id="P425"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Berlin-Kladow, on living leaves of <italic>Populus pyramidalis</italic>, Dec. 1959, R. Schneider <italic>s.n.</italic>, BBA 8987, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-18150&link_type=cbs">CBS H-18150</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.59</ext-link></p><p id="P426"><italic>Notes</italic>: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.59</ext-link> groups in a subclade of the <italic>Sphaerulina</italic>-clade (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>), that was named after the type species <italic>Sphaerulina myriadea</italic> that resides in it (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> 2013</xref>). Closest relatives are the other poplar pathogens <italic>Sphaer. populicola</italic> (syns <italic>Septoria populicola</italic> Peck, <italic>Mycosphaerella populicola,</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=100042&link_type=cbs">CBS 100042</ext-link>) and several isolates of <italic>Sphaer. musiva</italic> (synonyms <italic>Septoria musiva, Mycosphaerella populorum</italic>). <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=391.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 391.59</ext-link> now only develops atypical sporulating structures not described in detail here.</p><p id="P427"><bold><italic>Sphaerulina gei</italic></bold> (Roberge ex Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804475&link_type=mb">MB804475</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F45">Fig. 45E-G</xref>.</p><fig id="F45" position="float"><label>Fig. 45.</label><caption><p>A-D. <italic>Sphaerulina hyperici</italic>. A-C. Colonies <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102313&link_type=cbs">CBS 102313</ext-link>. A. On OA. B. On CHA. C. On MEA. D. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21194&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21194</ext-link>, epitype). E-G. <italic>Sphaerulina gei</italic>. E. Colony on OA (KACC 44051 = <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128632&link_type=cbs">CBS 128632</ext-link>). F. Conidia and conidiogenous cells <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21194&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21194</ext-link>, epitype). G. Ibid., on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102318&link_type=cbs">CBS 102318</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig45"></graphic></fig><p id="P428"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Septoria gei</italic> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 2, Bot. 19: 343. 1843.</p><p id="P429"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions irregular, greyish brown, well-delimited by a dark brown line, surrounding leaf tissue often yellowish; <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, amphigenous though predominantly epiphyllous, numerous in each lesion, subglobose to cupulate, brown to black, 35-80 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, initially 35-60 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 80 μm wide, surrounding cells dark brown; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-15 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells 2.5-6.5 μm diam, the outermost cells pale brown with slightly thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely also integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores, cylindrical or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, often with a relatively narrow and elongated neck, proliferating percurrently several times with distinct annellations, rarely also sympodially, 6-10(-15) × 3.5-5(-6) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform, slightly curved to flexuous, rarely straight, narrowly rounded at the apex, narrowly truncate at the base, (0-)2-5(-8)-septate (septa very thin and easily overlooked), not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with several minute oil-droplets and granular material in each cell in the living state, with minute oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, 33-65(-75) × 2-2.8(-3) μm (living; rehydrated, 1.8-2.5 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P430"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 6-8(-15) mm diam in 3 wk, with an even, glabrous, colourless to buff margin; colonies spreading, immersed mycelium at first buff to rosy-buff, tardily becoming olivaceous to olivaceous-black, occassionally some sectors remaining buff; aerial mycelium mostly wanting, but sometimes with a few greyish tufts, the surface of the colony centre soon covered by rosy-buff masses of conidial slime, produced from conidiogenous cells directly on the mycelium or in pycnidial conidiomata; reverse olivaceous-black, margin buff. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 7-9 mm diam in 3 wk, as on OA, but green pigmentation developing more rapidly. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 7-9(-11) mm diam in 3 wk, with an irregular, glabrous, rosy-buff margin; a reddish pigment diffusing into the agar; colony spreading to restricted, the surface cerebriform to irregularly lobed, up to 2 mm high, very dark, but locally covered either by grey, felted aerial mycelium or masses of salmon conidial slime, produced directly from hyphae or in superficial stromatal conidiomata; reverse rust to chestnut. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 6-7(-10) mm diam in 3 wk, colony features and sporulation as on MEA, but the margin covered by whitish aerial mycelium; diffusing pigment also present. Sporulating structures on OA very similar to those <italic>in planta</italic>, but conidia up to 85 μm long.</p><p id="P431"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Geum</italic> spp.</p><p id="P432"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Bohemia, near Tábor, on living leaves of <italic>Geum urbanum</italic>, 20 July 1903, F. Bubák, distributed in Kabát & Bubák, Fungi imperfecti exsicc. 114, PC 0084558. <bold>France</bold>, Caen, on living leaves of <italic>G. urbanum,</italic> “Col. Desmazieres 1863, no. 8, 58”, “Jun-Sep. 1842”, <bold>isotype</bold> PC 0084556; forest near Caen, on living leaves of <italic>G. urbanum,</italic> 1841, Roberge, PC 0084555. <bold>Germany</bold>, Brandenburg, Buchmühle near Lagow, on living leaves of <italic>G. urbanum</italic>, 10 Sep. 1909, P. Sydow, PC 0084559. <bold>Korea</bold>, Hoengseong, on living leaves of <italic>G. japonicum,</italic> H.D. Shin, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128616&link_type=cbs">CBS 128616</ext-link> =KACC 43029 = SMKC 22748; same substr., Pyeongchang, H.D. Shin, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128632&link_type=cbs">CBS 128632</ext-link> =KACC 44051 = SMKC 23686. <bold>Latvia</bold>, prov. Vidzeme, Kr. Riga, Ogre, on living leaves of <italic>G. urbanum</italic>, 19 July 1936, J. Smarods, PC 0084557. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Limburg, Schimperbosch, SW of Vaals, on the same substr., 29 Aug. 1999. H.A. van der Aa <italic>s.n.</italic>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21168&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21168</ext-link>; Prov. Noord Holland, Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen, Panneland, on living leaves of <italic>G. urbanum</italic>, 31 Aug. 1999, G. Verkley & A. van Iperen 914, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21167&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21167</ext-link> “MBT175360”, living culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102318&link_type=cbs">CBS 102318</ext-link>. <bold>Romania</bold>, distr. Prahova, Muntenia, Cheia, on living leaves of <italic>G. rivale</italic>, T. Săvulescu & C. Sandhu, distributed in Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Romanicum 8, 377, PC 0084560. <bold>Sweden</bold>, Gotland, Endre parish, Hulte, on living leaves of <italic>G. urbanum</italic>, 16 July 1898, T. Vestergren, PC 0084561.</p><p id="P433"><italic>Notes</italic>: The type material from PC studied contains one leaf showing the typical symptoms, and although only old empty fruitbodies were observed in it, it is almost certain that these are the product of this well-known and common “<italic>Septoria”</italic> species. The other material studied here was in much better condition and proved highly homogeneous in both symptoms and morphology of the sporulating structures, including the collection from <italic>Geum rivale,</italic> with most conidia observed below 70 μm long. Some authors found conidia up to about 75 μm long in various European collections (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">Jørstad 1965</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> 1997</xref>). In the fresh material from The Netherlands, conidia were no longer than 65 μm on the host plant, but the isolates obtained from it produced conidia up to 85 μm long. This material is chosen here to epitypify <italic>Sphaer. gei</italic> because it is geographically the closest one for which also a culture is available.</p><p id="P434">Several authors have recognised <italic>Septoria gei</italic> f. <italic>immarginata</italic> for material on <italic>Geum urbanum</italic> with smaller conidia, <italic>viz.</italic> Radulescu <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">1973</xref>), reporting conidia as continuous, 33-56 × 1.1-1.5 μm (in majority 40-46 × 1.5 μm), and Teterevnikova-Babayan (1983), reporting 20-33 × 1.5 μm. Shin & Sameva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">2004</xref>) considered this <italic>forma</italic> a synonym of <italic>S. gei,</italic> for which they noted the wide range of conidial sizes. In Asian collections identified as <italic>S. gei</italic> the conidia appear to be longer than in material from elsewhere (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">Shin & Sameva 2004</xref>), but the Korean isolates included here are genetically very close to the ex-epitype strain <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102318&link_type=cbs">CBS 102318</ext-link>, and regarded as conspecific. Sequence analyses of the cultures of <italic>Sphaer. gei</italic> indicate a close relationship with species such as <italic>Sphaer. patriniae</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128653&link_type=cbs">CBS 128653</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=129153&link_type=cbs">129153</ext-link>), from <italic>Patrinia scabiosaefolia</italic> and <italic>P. villosa</italic> (<italic>Valerianaceae</italic>) and <italic>Sphaer. cercidis</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> 2013</xref>).</p><p id="P435"><bold><italic>Sphaerulina hyperici</italic> (</bold>Roberge ex Desm.) Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804476&link_type=mb">MB804476</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F45">Fig. 45A-D</xref>.</p><p id="P436"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Septoria hyperici</italic> Roberge ex Desm., Annls Sci. Nat., sér. 2, Bot.17: 110. 1842.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>≡ <italic>Phleospora hyperici</italic> (Roberge ex Desm.) Westend., Bull. Acad. r. Bruxelles 12 (9): 251. 1845.</p></list-item></list><p id="P437"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions indefinite, usually starting to develop from the tip of leaf lamina and progressing towards the basis, irregular, reddish brown, surrounding leaf tissue often yellowish; <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, amphigenous, densly dispersed in each lesion, only partly immersed, subglobose to globose or flask-shaped, brown to black, 55-90(-130) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, often lifted above the leaf surface, 25-35(-50) μm wide, surrounded by concolorous or somewhat darker cells; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-22 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells 2-5.5 μm diam, the outermost cells pale brown with slightly thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete or integrated in 1-2-septate conidiophores, terminal ones narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, producing a single conidium or proliferating sympodially, 6-8(-10) × 3.5-5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight, more often slightly curved or flexuous, broadly rounded at the apex, narrowing slightly to the truncate base, 1-3(-5)-septate, not or slightly constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents with a few oil-droplets and minute granular material in each cell in the living state, with oil-droplets and granular contents in the rehydrated state, 24-55(-63) × 2.5-3.5 μm (living; rehydrated, 1.8-2.8 μm wide). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown (see notes).</p><p id="P438"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 4-7 mm diam in 2 wk, with an even, glabrous, colourless margin; centre and some outgrowing sectors entirely pale luteous to buff, where conidia are formed directly on the immersed and superficial mycelium; submarginal area blackish, due to dark pigmented hyphae and superficial pycnidia, covered by diffuse, white tufty to woolly aerial mycelium; reverse concolourous. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 3-7 mm diam in 2 wk (32-40 mm in 6 wk), with an irregular, glabrous margin; a reddish pigment diffusing into the agar; colony restricted, the surface cerebriform to irregularly lobed, up to 2 mm high, immersed mycelium dark, mostly covered by dense, pure white, woolly aerial mycelium, or salmon to saffron by masses of conidia; reverse cinnamon to brick. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 3-5 mm diam in 2 wk, with an irregular, glabrous margin; colony restricted, the surface cerebriform to irregularly lobed, up to 2 mm high, dark but mostly covered by salmon to saffron conidial masses, and some areas with a dense, pure white, woolly-floccose aerial mycelium; reverse dark brick.</p><p id="P439"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Hypericum</italic> spp.</p><p id="P440"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Bulgaria</bold>, Camkorije, on leaves of <italic>Hypericum quadrangulum</italic>, 31 Aug. 1907, Fr. Bubák, distributed in Kabát & Bubák, Fungi imperfecti exsicc. 469 (PC 0084544). <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Bohemia, Bukovina, on leaves of <italic>H. perforatum</italic>, 9 June 1906, J. Kabát, distributed in Kabát & Bubák, Fungi imperfecti exsicc. 421 (PC 0084542); same substr., E. Moravia, M. Weisskirchen, Aug. 1941, F. Petrak (PC 0084545). <bold>France</bold>, loc. unknown, on leaves of <italic>H. perforatum</italic>, <bold>isotype</bold> PC 0084532; Lighhouse of Libisey near Caen, same substr., June 1841, M. Roberge, PC 0084531; same substr., Bois de Plaisir, 16 July 1935 (Herb. G. Viennot-Bourgin), PC 0084533; same substr., Allier, Gennetines, 5 Apr. 1959, A. Lachmann, PC 0084535; Landes, Etang near Seignosse, on <italic>H. helodes</italic>, 5 Aug. 1964, G. Durrieu, PC 0084536; Seine-et-Marne, Fontainebleau forest, on leaves of <italic>H. hirsutum</italic>, July 1888, Feuilleaubols, PC 0084537, 0084540. <bold>Germany</bold>, Hessen-Nassau, Dillkreis, Langenaubach, on leaves of <italic>H. quadrangulum</italic>, 12 July 1931, A. Ludwig, distributed in Sydow, Mycotheca germanica 2570, PC 0084538; Brandenburg, Sadowa, on leaves of <italic>H. perforatum</italic>, 4 Aug. 1907, P. Sydow, distributed in Sydow, Mycotheca germanica 625, PC 0084543. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, Prov. Utrecht, Soest, along railroad between Lange Duinen and De Zoom, on living leaves of <italic>Hypericum</italic> sp., 28 July 1999, G. Verkley 900, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21194&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21194</ext-link> “MBT175361”, living culture ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102313&link_type=cbs">CBS 102313</ext-link>. <bold>Romania,</bold> Moldova, distr. Iaşi, Poeni, on leaves of <italic>H. hirsutum</italic>, 1 Aug. 1948, C. Sandu-Ville & I. Rădulescu, distributed in Tr. Săvulescu, Herb. Mycol. Romanicum, fasc. 29, no. 1445, PC 0084534, 0084546. <bold>Sweden</bold>, E. Götland, Gryt parish, ca. 300 m E.-S.E. of Strömmen, on leaves of <italic>H. maculatum</italic>, 18 July 1947, J.A. Nannfeldt 9386, distributed in S. Lundell & J.A. Nannfeldt, Fungi exsicc. Suecici, praes. Upsal. 1910, PC 0084547.</p><p id="P441"><italic>Notes</italic>: According to Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>), the pycnidia of <italic>Sphaer. hyperici</italic> are immersed hypophylously, but in most collections investigated here they protrude with their ostioli from either side of the leaf in about equal numbers. Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) further noted that the conidial sizes varied considerably between collections, with extreme values ranging between 15 and 57 μm for length and 1.5-2.5 μm for width of conidia. Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">1997</xref>) reported conidia 21.5-54 × 2-3.2 μm. In the type specimen, which is rich in conidiomata with protruding dry spore-masses, conidia are mostly 1-3-septate, 25-50 × 2-2.5 μm, thus in good agreement with the collection V900, which is designated as epitype.</p><p id="P442">Four varieties of <italic>Septoria hyperici</italic> and a few more <italic>Septoria</italic> species have been described on species of the genus <italic>Hypericum</italic>. Most of these taxa have conidia in the size range given here for <italic>Sphaer. hyperici</italic>, indicating that these might be conspecific. However, more strains should be isolated from the different species of <italic>Hypericum</italic> and compared with type material of these taxa, before firm conclusions about their status can be drawn. <italic>Septoria hypericorum</italic>, which was described from <italic>H. perforatum</italic> with conidia reported 15-35 × 4-6 μm, is likely to belong in <italic>Stagonospora</italic> or another related asexual morph. The ex-epitype strain of <italic>Sphaer. hyperici</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102313&link_type=cbs">CBS 102313</ext-link> is closely related to strains identified as <italic>S. menispermi</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128666&link_type=cbs">CBS 128666</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=128761&link_type=cbs">128761</ext-link>), and somewhat more distant from species such as <italic>Sphaer. gei</italic>, and <italic>Sphaer. cercidis</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=501.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 501.50</ext-link>).</p><p id="P443">Petrak (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R37">1925</xref>) stated that <italic>Mycosphaerella hyperici</italic> is the sexual morph of <italic>Septoria hyperici</italic>, but this has not been confirmed by culture studies. The only culture available of <italic>M. hyperici</italic> for comparison, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=280.49&link_type=cbs">CBS 280.49</ext-link>, was sequenced by Zalar <italic>et al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R78">2007</xref>) and shown to group with isolates of <italic>Cladosporium halotolerans</italic>, so it may be a culture contaminant. No strain is available for <italic>M. hypericina</italic>, a species originally described from <italic>Hypericum prolificum</italic> in the US. No asexual morph is known for this taxon which, according to Aptroot (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2006</xref>), is morphologically indistinguishable from <italic>M. punctiformis</italic> (anam. <italic>Ramularia endophylla</italic>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R75">Verkley <italic>et al.</italic> 2004c</xref>).</p><p id="P444"><bold><italic>Sphaerulina socia</italic></bold> (Pass.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, <bold>comb. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804478&link_type=mb">MB804478</ext-link>.</p><p id="P445"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Septoria socia</italic> Pass., Funghi Parm. Septor.: no. 74; Atti Soc. crittog. ital. 2: 33. 1879.</p><p id="P446"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions circular to irregular, single or confluent to form irregular extended lesions, pale to dark brown, usually surrounded by a red or purple zone, mostly visible on both sides of the leaf. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, mostly epiphyllous, a few to many in each lesion, immersed, globose, brown to black, 80-100(-110) μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, 15-25 μm wide, surrounding cells darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-17 μm thick, composed 2-3 layers of isodiametric cells, 2-3.5(-5) μm diam, the cells in the outermost layer(s) pale brown with slightly thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1(-2)-septate conidiophores, globose, or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently and/or sympodially, sometimes with indistinct annellations on an elongated neck, 4-8.5(-12) × 2-3(-3.5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight to slightly curved, rarely flexuous, attenuated in the upper cell to a pointed to narrowly rounded tip, attenuated gradually or more abruptly towards a sub-truncate base, 1-3(-5)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents minute oil-droplets and granular material in the rehydrated state, (19-)22-34 × 1-1.5(-2) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> unknown.</p><p id="P447"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic> and other wild or cultivated <italic>Chrysanthemum</italic> spp.</p><p id="P448"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Torstedt near Harburg, Sep. 1957, R. Schneider <italic>s.n.</italic>, BBA 8514, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=357.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 357.58</ext-link>. <bold>New Zealand</bold>, North Island, Coromandel, Tairua Forest, along roadside of St. Hway 25, near crossing 25A, on living leaves of <italic>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</italic>, 23 Jan. 2003, G. Verkley 1842a, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21243&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21243</ext-link>.</p><p id="P449"><italic>Additional material examined</italic>: <bold>Netherlands</bold>, on leaf of <italic>Rosa</italic> sp., isolated June 1958 by Plant Protection Service, Wageningen, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=355.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 355.58</ext-link> (preserved as <italic>S. rosae</italic>; possibly infection of a fungus originally identified as <italic>S. rosae</italic>).</p><p id="P450"><italic>Notes</italic>: Punithalingam (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R43">1967d</xref>) described the conidiogenous cells as obpyriform, undifferentiated cells producing blastospores, while Muthumary (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">1999</xref>) also observed sympodially proliferating cells in a collection from India; the present material from New Zealand clearly showed both percurrent and sympodial conidiogenesis, even in a single conidiogenous cell. In this respect, <italic>S. socia</italic> is similar to <italic>S. chrysanthemella</italic>, for which both these proliferations were observed with transmission electron microscopy (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R70">Verkley 1998a</xref>).</p><p id="P451">According to Teterevnikova-Babayan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">1987</xref>) conidia are 21-35 × 1-1.5 μm, so with these measurements the present observations are in good agreement. Verkley & Starink-Willemse (2004) noted that the ITS sequence of <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=357.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 357.58</ext-link> identified as <italic>S. socia</italic> suggested a relatively distant relationship with other <italic>Septoria</italic> species on the family <italic>Asteraceae</italic>, and that it was more closely related to species such as the maple pathogen <italic>Sphaerulina aceris</italic> (syn. <italic>Septoria aceris, Mycosphaerella latebrosa)</italic> and poplar pathogen <italic>Sphaerulina populicola</italic>. Multilocus sequencing performed here confirms that <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=357.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 357.58</ext-link> groups in the <italic>Sphaerulina</italic>-clade, and that <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=355.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 355.58</ext-link> originally identified as <italic>S. rosae</italic> likely got infected with <italic>S. socia. Septoria rosae</italic> is a large spored species (70-90 × 3.5-4 μm) for which the name of the presumed sexual morph <italic>Sphaerulina rehmiana</italic> would be accepted (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al</italic>. 2013</xref>). Based on the huge difference in conidial size it seems very unlikely that it was confused with <italic>S. socia.</italic> The material from New Zealand studied here failed to grow in culture, so a genetic comparison was not possible. More isolates will be required to determine the affinities of <italic>Sphaerulina rehmiana</italic>.</p><p id="P452"><bold><italic>Sphaerulina tirolensis</italic></bold> Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>sp. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804479&link_type=mb">MB804479</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F46">Fig. 46</xref>.</p><fig id="F46" position="float"><label>Fig. 46.</label><caption><p><italic>Sphaerulina tirolensis</italic>. A. Conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21232&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21232</ext-link>, holotype). B. Conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109017&link_type=cbs">CBS 109017</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig46"></graphic></fig><p id="P453"><italic>Etymology</italic>: named after the region in Austria where the type material was collected, Tirol.</p><p id="P454"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions numerous, circular to irregular, mostly single, or confluent, dull brown, amphigenous but on the lower surface barely visible due to the white hairs of the host; <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, many in each lesion, immersed, subglobose to globose, brown to black, 55-100 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, initially 15-30 μm wide, later up to 50 μm wide, surrounding cells somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 15-22 μm thick, composed of an outer layer of pale brown angular to irregular cells, 8-12 μm wide with walls thickened to 1.5 μm, and an inner layer of hyaline, angular to globose, thin-walled cells. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, cylindrical or narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, some proliferating percurrently 1-several times with indistinct annellations and forming an elongated neck, rarely proliferating sympodially, 5-12.5(-15) × 3.5-4(-5) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> cylindrical, straight, slightly curved to flexuous, narrowly to broadly rounded at the apex, truncate or slightly narrowed at the base, (1-)3-7(-9)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, with granular contents and minute oil-droplets, 40-70(-78) × 2.5-3(-3.5) μm (rehydrated). <italic>Sexual morph</italic> not observed.</p><p id="P455"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 2.5-4(-5) mm diam in 2 wk; 16-20 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous, colourless or buff to rosy-buff margin; immersed mycelium dark green or dull green, showing some salmon or rosy-buff colours only after more than 6 wk of incubation; colonies restricted, but with irregular elevations in the centre on which complexes of stromatic conidiomata and single pycnidia are formed, releasing whitish conidial slime; aerial mycelium variable, almost wanting, to well developed as a dense, white, woolly-floccose mat; reverse mostly olivaceous-black, locally buff to rosy-buff. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 3-4.5(-5) mm daim in 2 wk, 6-8 mm in 3 wk (22-25 mm in 7 wk), as on OA, but with a narrower colourless margin. Conidial slime also milky white, as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 2-4(-6) mm diam in 2 wk, 6-9 mm in 3 wk (16-22 mm in 7 wk), with an even, glabrous colourless to buff margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate to hemispherical, sometimes with rather high, subglobose outgrowths; immersed mycelium buff to honey usually only near the margin, olivaceous-black in the centre; almost entirely covered by a dense, appressed mat of white or grey aerial mycelium; a diffusable pigment staining the surrounding agar more or less ochreous; reverse usually dark umber or olivaceous-black in the centre, surrounded by ochreous, which later becomes fulvous to apricot. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 3-4 mm diam in 2 wk, 5-6 mm in 3 wk (12-16 mm in 7 wk), with an even but later more irregular, glabrous, buff, rosy-buff or flesh margin; colonies pustulate to almost hemispherical, the surface olivaceous-black to dark slate blue, glabrous, or covered by diffuse, greyish or flesh aerial mycelium, some colonies later covered by a pure white, dense mat of aerial mycelium; diffusable pigment not observed; reverse blood colour to umber. Cultures produce large masses of pale flesh conidial slime, aggregating around the colony margin.</p><p id="P456"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial or merged into stromatic complexes. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta. Conidia</italic> straight to curved or flexuous, narrowly to broadly rounded at the apex, narrowly truncate at the base, 3-7(-9)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents granular with minute oil-droplets, 54-96(-108) × 2.5-3 μm.</p><p id="P457"><italic>Host</italic>: <italic>Rubus idaeus</italic>.</p><p id="P458"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Austria</bold>, Tirol, Pitztal, Arzl, on living leaves of <italic>Rubus idaeus</italic>, 30 July 2000, G. Verkley 1021, <bold>holotype</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21232&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21232</ext-link>, living cultures ex-type <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109017&link_type=cbs">CBS 109017</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109018&link_type=cbs">109018</ext-link>.</p><p id="P459"><italic>Notes</italic>: <italic>Sphaerulina tirolensis</italic> differs from another septoria-like fungus described on <italic>R. idaeus, viz. Rhabdospora rubi</italic> var. <italic>rubi-idaei</italic> described from stems of <italic>R. idaeus</italic> in Romania, with conidia (36-)40-50(-60) × 2(-2.5) μm. Demaree & Wilcox (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">1943</xref>) studied Septoria leaf-spot diseases of raspberry (<italic>R. idaeus</italic>) in North America. <italic>Cylindrosporium rubi,</italic> of which the sexual morph is <italic>Sphaerulina rubi</italic> cf. Demaree & Wilcox (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">1943</xref>), is also different. The sequences of the various protein-coding genes fully support <italic>Sphaer. tirolensis</italic> as a separate species from the next taxon, <italic>Sphaer. westendorpii</italic>. The latter can be distinguished from <italic>Sphaer. tirolensis</italic> by the smaller conidia <italic>in planta</italic> [24-45(-50) × 1.8-2.2 μm] and also in culture [30-68(-80) × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm].</p><p id="P460"><bold><italic>Sphaerulina westendorpii</italic></bold> Verkley, Quaedvlieg & Crous, <bold>comb. et nom. nov.</bold> MycoBank <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=MB804480&link_type=mb">MB804480</ext-link>. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F47">Fig. 47</xref>.</p><fig id="F47" position="float"><label>Fig. 47.</label><caption><p><italic>Sphaerulina westendorpii</italic>. A. conidia <italic>in planta</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21229&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21229</ext-link>, epitype); B. conidia on OA (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102327&link_type=cbs">CBS 102327</ext-link>). Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="213fig47"></graphic></fig><p id="P461"><italic>Basionym</italic>: <italic>Septoria rubi</italic> Westend., in Westend. & Wallay, Herb. crypt. Belge, Fasc. 19, no. 938. 1854; Kickx, Fl. crypt. Flandr. 1: 432. 1867.</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p><italic>= Mycosphaerella rubi</italic> Roark, Phytopathology 11: 329. 1921.</p></list-item></list><p id="P462"><italic>Description in planta</italic>: <italic>Symptoms</italic> leaf lesions numerous, circular to irregular, single or confluent, pale yellowish brown to greyish brown, partly well-delimited by a dark red brown line or zone. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, epiphyllous, several in each lesion, immersed, subglobose to globose, brown to black, 55-90 μm diam; <italic>ostiolum</italic> central, circular, initially 20-40 μm wide, later becoming more irregular and up to 70 μm wide, surrounding cells somewhat darker; <italic>conidiomatal wall</italic> 10-15 μm thick, composed of a homogenous tissue of hyaline, angular cells 2.5-3.5 μm diam, the outermost cells pale brown with slightly thickened walls, the inner cells thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, rarely integrated in 1-septate conidiophores, narrowly to broadly ampulliform, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently several times with indistinct annellations thus forming a relatively elongated neck, rarely also sympodially, 5-10(-15) × 2.5-3.5(-4) μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> filiform-cylindrical, straight, slightly curved to flexuous, narrowly to broadly rounded at the apex, narrowly truncate at the base, (0-)2-3(-5)-septate, not constricted around the septa, hyaline, contents granular material, sometimes with minute oil-droplets both in the living and rehydrated state, 24-45(-50) × 1.8-2.2 μm (living; rehydrated, 1.5-2.0 μm wide).</p><p id="P463"><italic>Description in vitro</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 8-10 mm diam in 19 d, with an even, glabrous, colourless or buff to rosy-buff margin; immersed mycelium dark green or dull green, but sectors or other parts of colonies may be only olivaceous-buff or rosy-buff to salmon; colonies spreading, with irregular elevations in the centre on which conidiomata are formed, releasing a whitish conidial slime; aerial mycelium almost absent to well developed and forming a dense, white, woolly-floccose mat; reverse olivaceous-black, locally buff to rosy-buff. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CMA 5-7(-10) mm diam in 19 d, as on OA, but more distinctly elevated and restricted. In faster growing sectors salmon to ochreous pigmentation (due to weak production of red pigment?) in a peripheral zone preceedes the formation a dominant greens. Conidial slime also milky white, as on OA. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 9-12 mm diam in 19 d, with an even, glabrous colourless to buff margin; colonies restricted, irregularly pustulate to hemispherical; immersed mycelium buff to honey near the margin, olivaceous-black in the centre, sometimes mostly honey; almost entirely covered by a dense, appressed mat of white or grey aerial mycelium; a diffusable pigment staining the surrounding agar more or less ochreous; reverse usually dark umber or olivaceous-black in the centre, surrounded by ochreous, which later becomes fulvous to apricot. <italic>Colonies</italic> on CHA 7-9 mm diam in 19 d, with an even but later more irregular, glabrous, buff, rosy-buff or flesh margin; colonies pustulate to almost hemispherical, the surface ochreous to sienna, glabrous, or covered by diffuse, greyish or flesh aerial mycelium; diffusable pigment not observed; reverse blood colour to umber.</p><p id="P464"><italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial or merged into stromatic complexes, as <italic>in planta. Conidiogenous cells</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic>, mostly cylindrical and proliferating percurrently, rarely also sympodially, 7-15(-18) × 2.5-3.5(-4) μm; <italic>Conidia</italic> as <italic>in planta</italic> but mostly 3-5-septate and considerably longer, 30-68(-80) × 1.5-2(-2.5) μm.</p><p id="P465"><italic>Hosts</italic>: <italic>Rubus</italic> spp.</p><p id="P466"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Belgium</bold>, Oostacker, near Gand, on leaves of <italic>Rubus</italic> sp., <bold>isotype</bold> BR-MYCO 159265-88, also distributed in Westend. & Wallay, Herb. crypt. Belge, Fasc. 19, no. 938. <bold>Czech Republic</bold>, Mikulov, on living leaves of <italic>Rubus</italic> sp., 15 Sep. 2008, G. Verkley 6002, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21257&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21257</ext-link>. <bold>Netherlands</bold>, prov. Limburg, Gerendal, on living leaves of <italic>R. fruticosus s.l.</italic>, 28 June 2000, G. Verkley 964, <bold>epitype designated here</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21229&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21229</ext-link> “MBT175362”, living cultures ex-epitype <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109002&link_type=cbs">CBS 109002</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109003&link_type=cbs">109003</ext-link>; Prov. Limburg, Mookerheide, in mixed forest, on living leaves of <italic>R. fruticosus s.l.</italic>, 9 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 923, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21205&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21205</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102327&link_type=cbs">CBS 102327</ext-link>; same loc. and substr., 23 Aug. 2004, G. Verkley & M. Starink 3036, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21263&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21263</ext-link>, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=117478&link_type=cbs">CBS 117478</ext-link>; same substr., Prov. Limburg, St. Jansberg near Plasmolen, in mixed forest, G. Verkley 924, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21206&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21206</ext-link>; Prov. Flevoland, Erkemeder strand, in sandy dunes, on living leaves of <italic>R. fruticosus s.l.</italic>, 8 Sep. 1999, G. Verkley 930, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21210&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21210</ext-link>.</p><p id="P467"><italic>Notes</italic>: Jørstad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">1965</xref>) discussed the problems regarding the taxonomy of <italic>Septoria</italic> species described from <italic>Rubus</italic>. Some of the later described taxa have been placed in synonymy with <italic>Septoria rubi</italic>, but most still need to be reevaluated based on fresh material, culture studies, and molecular characterisation. The type material in BR contains several well-preserved leaves of the <italic>R. fruticosus</italic> complex, showing typical symptoms. Fruitbodies investigated contained mostly 1-3-septate conidia, 17.5-40 × 1-1.5 μm, and with the typical shape of this common fungus on <italic>Rubus</italic> spp. The specimen <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=-21229&link_type=cbs">CBS H-21229</ext-link> from <italic>R. fruticosus</italic> in the south of the Netherlands, is chosen as epitype. This species is nested within the <italic>Sphaerulina</italic>-clade, and a new name in <italic>Sphaerulina</italic> should therefore be proposed for it. <italic>Sphaerulina rubi</italic> Demaree & Wilcox is already in use for another fungus with a <italic>Cylindrosporium</italic> sexual state (<italic>C. rubi</italic> Ellis & Morgan, conidia 40-55 × 2.5 μm cf. Saccardo), so <italic>Sphaer. westendorpii</italic> is proposed here as nomen novum. <italic>Sphaerulina rehmiana</italic> has been associated with <italic>Septoria rosae</italic><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=355.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 355.58</ext-link>, which has been identified as <italic>S. rosae,</italic> is genetically distinct from <italic>Sphaer. westendorpii</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> 2013</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="S16"><title>Insufficiently known species</title><p id="P468">For the following species no host material was available and these have only been studied in culture, mostly based on older isolates, for which details are not described when the strain is regarded as degenerate.</p><p id="P469"><bold><italic>Septoria hippocastani</italic></bold> Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 5: 379. 1850.</p><p id="P470"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Germany</bold>, Pfälzer Wald, on <italic>Aesculus hippocastanum</italic>, Sep 1961, deposited Nov 1961, W. Gerlach, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=411.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 411.61</ext-link> (= BBA 9619).</p><p id="P471"><italic>Note</italic>: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=411.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 411.61</ext-link> is degenerated and sterile, but based on multilocus sequence analysis it can be concluded that it is a <italic>Septoria s. str.</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>).</p><p id="P472"><bold><italic>Septoria limonum</italic></bold> Pass., Atti Soc. crittog. ital., 2: 23. 1879.</p><p id="P473"><italic>Description in vitro (18 °C, near UV)</italic>: <italic>Colonies</italic> on OA 20-29 mm diam in 3 wk, with an even, colourless margin; colonies plane, spreading, immersed mycelium in the centre flesh, surrounded by a broad zone of dark vinaceous to brown-vinaceous, aerial mycelium absent, or scarce, with few tufts of pure white aerial hyphae; reverse concolorous. No sporulation observed. <italic>Colonies</italic> on MEA 25-32 mm diam in 3 wk, with an even to somewhat ruffled, buff to colourless margin; colonies spreading, somewhat elevated in the centre, immersed mycelium appearing grayish, the colony surface almost entirely covered by a dense mat of white to grey, woolly-floccose aerial mycelium; reverse in the centre rust, surrounded by a broad zone of olivaceous-grey to greenish grey, which is sharply bordered by the narrow buff to luteous margin. No sporulation observed.</p><p id="P474"><italic>Material examined</italic>: <bold>Italy</bold>, <italic>Citrus limonium</italic>, isolated Mar. 1951, deposited by G. Goidanich, living culture <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=419.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 419.51</ext-link>.</p><p id="P475"><italic>Notes</italic>: In the multilocus sequence analysis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>) this strain groups with <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=356.36&link_type=cbs">CBS 356.36</ext-link> (<italic>S. citricola</italic>) and few other strains in a weakly supported clade close to the plurivorous <italic>Septoria protearum</italic> and isolates of <italic>Septoria citri</italic>. Due to the lack of morphological information linked to this strain, its identity remains uncertain.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="S17"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p id="P476">The type species of the genus <italic>Septoria, S. cytisi</italic>, could not be included in the multilocus analysis due to the fact that only LSU and ITS sequences were available for this species. However, as shown by Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R47">2011</xref>), the position of this taxon is beyond doubt central to the clade indicated here as the main <italic>Septoria</italic> clade. Several “typical” <italic>Septoria</italic> species infecting herbaceous plants proved genetically distant from <italic>S. cytisi</italic> and its relatives, and can best be classified in separate genera, <italic>Sphaerulina</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">Quaedvlieg <italic>et al.</italic> 2013</xref>) and <italic>Caryophylloseptoria</italic>.</p><p id="P477">The identification of <italic>Septoria</italic> has thus far mainly relied on host taxonomy and morphological characters of the shape, size, and septation of conidia (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">Jørstad 1965</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R68">Teterevnikova-Babayan 1987</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">Andrianova 1987</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R69">Vanev <italic>et al.</italic> 1997</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">Muthumary 1999</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R57">Shin & Sameva 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Priest 2006</xref>). Taxonomists have noted that conidial width is generally a more reliable character for species identification than conidial length, which is more variable. Some also noticed that <italic>Septoria</italic> material collected from the same location and host species, but under different environmental conditions or at different times in the same season, can differ considerably in average conidial sizes, particularly length (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">Jørstad 1965</xref>). These findings are also confirmed in our study. Reliable identification based on morphological comparison alone is not possible for many <italic>Septoria</italic> species, and reference sequences will have to be produced for many more taxa in future. This will require critical studies of type specimens and also require the recollection of fresh material. It is crucial that the types of the oldest names available for <italic>Septoria</italic> on certain hosts will need to be studied as part of such work, and where necessary epitypes designated to fix the genetic application of these names. Although hardly practised thus far by taxonomists, isolation and study in culture is a valuable and indispensable tool for <italic>Septoria</italic> species delimitation and identification. We noted that the shape of conidia on OA generally agree best with those in the source material on the natural substrate. Under standardised incubation conditions on standard media cultures originating from deviant voucher material, for example because it developed under adverse conditions, show again their “normal” phenotypes which is better for comparison purposes. Extracting DNA from axenic cultures is straight-forward and less prone to errors caused by contaminants, a problem often encountered when extracting DNA from plant tissue.</p><p id="P478">The K2P results show that the five protein coding genes used during this research should all theoretically be able to distinquish every species in this dataset as their average inter- to intraspecific distance ration is over 10:1. The problem is that these are average numbers, not absolute numbers. For example, the Btub K2P graph in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref> starts at 0 and not at at 0.29, meaning that there actually are a few species in our dataset that are not distinguishable by Btub alone (although obviously by far most species in fact are). To avoid this, we recommend using at least two of the protein coding loci used in this study for identification of <italic>Septoria</italic> and allied genera. Because EF and Btub both have very high PCR success rates and have the highest species resolution percentage of all the loci used in this study, we recommend using these two loci for species identification purposes. It is advisable, however, to first sequence the ITS and LSU for a preliminary genus identification by blasting in GenBank and other useful databases.</p><p id="P479">The multilocus sequence dataset generally provided good resolution, with maximum to high bootstrap support for almost all terminal and most of the deeper nodes of the phylogenetic tree. The intraspecific variation in the genes investigated is limited for most taxa, even if specimens originate from such distant geographic origins as New Zealand, Korea and Europe (<italic>S. convolvuli, S. leucanthemi, S. polygonorum</italic>). Strains assigned to <italic>Septoria citri</italic> possibly represent a species complex, one of few groups within the main <italic>Septoria</italic> clade that was not resolved. One case of cryptic speciation is revealed in the <italic>S. chrysanthemella</italic> complex, where at least two genetically discrete entities can be found that are phenotypically difficult to distinguish.</p><p id="P480">Our results confirm that most species of <italic>Septoria</italic> have narrow host ranges, being limited to a single genus or a few genera of the same plant family. There were a few notable exceptions, however. We demonstrated that the supposed single-family host ranges of <italic>Septoria paridis</italic> (<italic>Liliaceae</italic>) and <italic>S. urticae</italic> (<italic>Urticaceae</italic>), each actually included one additional family (<italic>Violaceae</italic> and <italic>Lamiaceae</italic>, respectively). More surprisingly <italic>Septoria protearum,</italic> previously only associated with <italic>Proteaceae</italic> (<italic>Protea</italic>) (Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2004), was now found to be also associated with <italic>Araceae</italic> (<italic>Zanthedeschia</italic>), <italic>Aspleniaceae</italic> (<italic>Asplenium</italic>), <italic>Rutaceae</italic> (<italic>Boronia</italic>), <italic>Boraginaceae</italic> (<italic>Myosotis</italic>), <italic>Oleandraceae</italic> (<italic>Nephrolepis</italic>), and <italic>Rosaceae</italic> (<italic>Geum</italic>). To our knowledge this is the first study to provide DNA-based evidence confirming that multiple family-associations occur for a single species in <italic>Septoria.</italic> It is to be expected that collecting and sequencing of more material will show more taxa to be plurivorous, and perhaps <italic>S. paridis</italic> and <italic>S. urticae</italic> will be among those.</p><p id="P481">Coevolution of plant pathogenic fungi and their hosts has been documented for several groups. Other possible patterns of evolution have already been suggested for septoria-like fungi in previous studies but the data available were not sufficient to fully understand the evolution of these fungi (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R22">Feau <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>). The robust phylogeny we inferred revealed polyphyletic distribution patterns over the entire range of the <italic>Septoria</italic> clade for no less than 10 (singletons excluded) of the host families represented. These results clearly reject the coevolution hypothesis for <italic>Septoria</italic>, as species do not seem to consistently coevolve with hosts from a single host family but frequently jump successfully to hosts in new families. <italic>Caryophylloseptoria</italic> seems an exceptional genus in that it only comprises species infecting <italic>Caryophyllaceae</italic>, but it should be noted that it now only contains four species, as three other species infecting this family cluster distant within the <italic>Septoria</italic> clade (<italic>S. cucubali, S. cerastii</italic>, and <italic>S. stellariae</italic>). In the other clades some single-host family clusters can be found, but they do not comprise more than six fungal species (<italic>S. chrysanthemella</italic> and close relatives of <italic>Asteraceae</italic> within subclade 4b).</p><p id="P482">We conclude that trans-family host jumping must be a major force driving the evolution of <italic>Septoria</italic> and <italic>Sphaerulina</italic>. Species like <italic>S. paridis</italic> and <italic>S. urticae</italic> infecting (at least) two plant families may in fact be cases in point, as they could be in a transitional period of gradually changing from one principal host family to another, unrelated one. The genetic basis for successful host jumping is unclear. It may involve horizontal gene transfer, transient phases of endophytic infections in “non-hosts” as a first step in a process of genetic adaptation to new optimal hosts, or perhaps a combination of both. Plant pathological research may shed more light on the mechanisms driving <italic>Septoria</italic> evolution which would be important, as it may in future allow accurate assessment of risks involved with the introduction of new crops in areas where <italic>Septoria</italic> species occur on the local flora.</p></sec><sec id="S18"><title>HOST FAMILY INDEX</title><p id="P483">The taxa fully described in the Taxonomy section of this study are listed below according to the host family.</p><p id="P484">Aceraceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Sphaerulina aceris</p></list-item></list><p id="P485">Apiaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria aegopodii</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. aegopodina</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. anthrisci</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. apiicola</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. heraclei</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. petroselini</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. sii</p></list-item></list><p id="P486">Araceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria protearum</p></list-item></list><p id="P487">Aspleniaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria protearum</p></list-item></list><p id="P488">Asteraceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria chromolaenae</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. chrysanthemella</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. ekmanniana</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. erigerontis</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. hypochoeridis</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. lactucae</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. leucanthemi</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. matricariae</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. putrida</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. senecionis</p></list-item><list-item><p>Sphaerulina socia</p></list-item></list><p id="P489">Betulaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Sphaerulina betulae</p></list-item></list><p id="P490">Boraginaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria protearum</p></list-item></list><p id="P491">Campanulaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria campanulae</p></list-item><list-item><p><italic>S. citri</italic> complex</p></list-item></list><p id="P492">Caryophyllaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Caryophylloseptoria lychnidis</p></list-item><list-item><p>C. silenes</p></list-item><list-item><p>C. spergulae</p></list-item><list-item><p>Septoria cerastii</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. cucubali</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. stellariae</p></list-item></list><p id="P493">Convolvulaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria convolvuli</p></list-item></list><p id="P494">Cornaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Sphaerulina cornicola</p></list-item></list><p id="P495">Cucurbitaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria cucurbitacearum</p></list-item></list><p id="P496">Dipsacaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria scabiosicola</p></list-item></list><p id="P497">Fabaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria astragali</p></list-item></list><p id="P498">Hypericaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria hyperici</p></list-item></list><p id="P499">Iridaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria sisyrinchii</p></list-item></list><p id="P500">Lamiaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria galeopsidis</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. lamiicola</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. melissae</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. stachydis</p></list-item></list><p id="P501">Liliaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria paridis</p></list-item></list><p id="P502">Oleandraceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria protearum</p></list-item></list><p id="P503">Onagraceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria epilobii</p></list-item></list><p id="P504">Passifloraceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria passifloricola</p></list-item></list><p id="P505">Polemoniaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria phlogis</p></list-item></list><p id="P506">Polygonaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria polygonorum</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. rumicum</p></list-item></list><p id="P507">Primulaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria lysimachiae</p></list-item></list><p id="P508">Ranunculaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria clematidis</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. lycoctoni</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. napelli</p></list-item></list><p id="P509">Rosaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p><italic>Septoria citri</italic> complex</p></list-item><list-item><p>Sphaerulina gei</p></list-item><list-item><p>Sphaer. tirolensis</p></list-item><list-item><p>Sphaer. westendorpii</p></list-item></list><p id="P510">Rubiaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria cruciatae</p></list-item><list-item><p>S. coprosmae</p></list-item></list><p id="P511">Rutaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria protearum</p></list-item></list><p id="P512">Salicaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Sphaerulina frondicola</p></list-item></list><p id="P513">Scrophulariaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria digitalis</p></list-item></list><p id="P514">Urticaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria urticae</p></list-item></list><p id="P515">Verbenaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria verbenae</p></list-item></list><p id="P516">Violaceae</p><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>Septoria paridis</p></list-item></list></sec></body><back><ack><p>We thank the technical staff of the CBS Collection for their support during this project. Arien van Iperen (cultures) and Marjan Vermaas (photographic plates) are acknowledged for their invaluable assistance. Huub van der Aa is thanked for his help during collecting and identifying material. Simeon Vanev is gratefully acknowledged for his support with collecting bibliographic data and translating Russian diagnoses. 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