Links to Exploration step
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae</title><author><name sortKey="Phillips, A J L" sort="Phillips, A J L" uniqKey="Phillips A" first="A. J. L." last="Phillips">A. J. L. Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, A" sort="Alves, A" uniqKey="Alves A" first="A." last="Alves">A. Alves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pennycook, S R" sort="Pennycook, S R" uniqKey="Pennycook S" first="S. R." last="Pennycook">S. R. Pennycook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnston, P R" sort="Johnston, P R" uniqKey="Johnston P" first="P. R." last="Johnston">P. R. Johnston</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramaley, A" sort="Ramaley, A" uniqKey="Ramaley A" first="A." last="Ramaley">A. Ramaley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> 7 Animas Place, Durango, CO 81301, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akulov, A" sort="Akulov, A" uniqKey="Akulov A" first="A." last="Akulov">A. Akulov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5"> Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V.N. Karasin National University of Kharkov, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkov 61077, Ukraine.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6"> CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20396576</idno><idno type="pmc">2846129</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846129</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2846129</idno><idno type="doi">10.3767/003158508X340742</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001248</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae</title><author><name sortKey="Phillips, A J L" sort="Phillips, A J L" uniqKey="Phillips A" first="A. J. L." last="Phillips">A. J. L. Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"> Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, A" sort="Alves, A" uniqKey="Alves A" first="A." last="Alves">A. Alves</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"> CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pennycook, S R" sort="Pennycook, S R" uniqKey="Pennycook S" first="S. R." last="Pennycook">S. R. Pennycook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnston, P R" sort="Johnston, P R" uniqKey="Johnston P" first="P. R." last="Johnston">P. R. Johnston</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"> Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramaley, A" sort="Ramaley, A" uniqKey="Ramaley A" first="A." last="Ramaley">A. Ramaley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4"> 7 Animas Place, Durango, CO 81301, USA.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akulov, A" sort="Akulov, A" uniqKey="Akulov A" first="A." last="Akulov">A. Akulov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5"> Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V.N. Karasin National University of Kharkov, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkov 61077, Ukraine.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6"> CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Persoonia : Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi</title><idno type="ISSN">0031-5850</idno><idno type="eISSN">1878-9080</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Species in the Botryosphaeriaceae are common plant pathogens and saprobes found on a variety of mainly woody hosts. Teleomorphs typically have hyaline, aseptate ascospores. However, some have been reported with brown ascospores and their taxonomic status is uncertain. A multi-gene approach (SSU, ITS, LSU, EF1-α and β-tubulin) was used to resolve the correct phylogenetic position of the dark-spored ‘<italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>’ teleomorphs and related asexual species. <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> and <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic> are reinstated for species with brown ascospores that are either 1-septate (<italic>Neodeightonia</italic>) or 2-septate (<italic>Phaeobotryon</italic>). <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> is reinstated for species with brown, aseptate ascospores that bear an apiculus at either end. The status of <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> is clarified and shown to be the anamorph of <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic>. Two new genera, namely <italic>Barriopsis</italic> for species having brown, aseptate ascospores without apiculi and <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> for species having brown, 1-septate ascospores with an apiculus at either end are introduced. Species of <italic>Dothiorella</italic> have brown, 1-septate ascospores and differ from <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> in the absence of apiculi. These six genera can also be distinguished from one another based on morphological characters of their anamorphs. Although previously placed in the Botryosphaeriaceae, <italic>Dothidotthia</italic>, was shown to belong in the Pleosporales, and the new family Dothidotthiaceae is introduced to accommodate it.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alfaro, Me" uniqKey="Alfaro M">ME Alfaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zoller, S" uniqKey="Zoller S">S Zoller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lutzoni, F" uniqKey="Lutzoni F">F Lutzoni</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alves, A" uniqKey="Alves A">A Alves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Correia, A" uniqKey="Correia A">A Correia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luque, J" uniqKey="Luque J">J Luque</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Ajl" uniqKey="Phillips A">AJL Phillips</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alves, A" uniqKey="Alves A">A Alves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Correia, A" uniqKey="Correia A">A Correia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Ajl" uniqKey="Phillips A">AJL Phillips</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alves, A" uniqKey="Alves A">A Alves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pw" uniqKey="Crous P">PW Crous</name></author><author><name sortKey="Correia, A" uniqKey="Correia A">A Correia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Ajl" uniqKey="Phillips A">AJL Phillips</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alves, A" uniqKey="Alves A">A Alves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Ajl" uniqKey="Phillips A">AJL Phillips</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henriques, I" uniqKey="Henriques I">I Henriques</name></author><author><name sortKey="Correia, A" uniqKey="Correia A">A Correia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arx, Ja Von" uniqKey="Arx J">JA von Arx</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, E" uniqKey="Muller E">E Müller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arx, Ja Von" uniqKey="Arx J">JA von Arx</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, E" uniqKey="Muller E">E Müller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barr, Me" uniqKey="Barr M">ME Barr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barr, Me" uniqKey="Barr M">ME Barr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burgess, Ti" uniqKey="Burgess T">TI Burgess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barber, Pa" uniqKey="Barber P">PA Barber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mohali, S" uniqKey="Mohali S">S Mohali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pegg, G" uniqKey="Pegg G">G Pegg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beer, W De" uniqKey="Beer W">W de Beer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wingfield, Mj" uniqKey="Wingfield M">MJ Wingfield</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carbone, I" uniqKey="Carbone I">I Carbone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kohn, Lm" uniqKey="Kohn L">LM Kohn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pw" uniqKey="Crous P">PW Crous</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palm, Me" uniqKey="Palm M">ME Palm</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pw" uniqKey="Crous P">PW Crous</name></author><author><name sortKey="Slippers, B" uniqKey="Slippers B">B Slippers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wingfield, Mj" uniqKey="Wingfield M">MJ Wingfield</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rheeder, J" uniqKey="Rheeder J">J Rheeder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marasas, Wfo" uniqKey="Marasas W">WFO Marasas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Ajl" uniqKey="Phillips A">AJL Phillips</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, A" uniqKey="Alves A">A Alves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burgess, T" uniqKey="Burgess T">T Burgess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barber, P" uniqKey="Barber P">P Barber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Groenewald, Jz" uniqKey="Groenewald J">JZ Groenewald</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Damm, U" uniqKey="Damm U">U Damm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pw" uniqKey="Crous P">PW Crous</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fourie, Ph" uniqKey="Fourie P">PH Fourie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Denman, S" uniqKey="Denman S">S Denman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pw" uniqKey="Crous P">PW Crous</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Je" uniqKey="Taylor J">JE Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, J C" uniqKey="Kang J">J-C Kang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, I" uniqKey="Pascoe I">I Pascoe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wingfield, Mj" uniqKey="Wingfield M">MJ Wingfield</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Glass, Nl" uniqKey="Glass N">NL Glass</name></author><author><name sortKey="Donaldson, Gc" uniqKey="Donaldson G">GC Donaldson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grossenbacher, Jg" uniqKey="Grossenbacher J">JG Grossenbacher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duggar, Bm" uniqKey="Duggar B">BM Duggar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gure, A" uniqKey="Gure A">A Gure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Slippers, B" uniqKey="Slippers B">B Slippers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stenlid, J" uniqKey="Stenlid J">J Stenlid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hillis, Dm" uniqKey="Hillis D">DM Hillis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bull, Jj" uniqKey="Bull J">JJ Bull</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Ka" uniqKey="Jacobs K">KA Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rehner, Sa" uniqKey="Rehner S">SA Rehner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Luque, J" uniqKey="Luque J">J Luque</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martos, S" uniqKey="Martos S">S Martos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Ajl" uniqKey="Phillips A">AJL Phillips</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miller, An" uniqKey="Miller A">AN Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huhndorf, Sm" uniqKey="Huhndorf S">SM Huhndorf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niekerk, Jm Van" uniqKey="Niekerk J">JM van Niekerk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pw" uniqKey="Crous P">PW Crous</name></author><author><name sortKey="Groenewald, Jz" uniqKey="Groenewald J">JZ Groenewald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fourie, Ph" uniqKey="Fourie P">PH Fourie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halleen, F" uniqKey="Halleen F">F Halleen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, K" uniqKey="O Onnell K">K O’Donnell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Page, Rd" uniqKey="Page R">RD Page</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pavlic, D" uniqKey="Pavlic D">D Pavlic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Slippers, B" uniqKey="Slippers B">B Slippers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coutinho, Ta" uniqKey="Coutinho T">TA Coutinho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gryzenhout, M" uniqKey="Gryzenhout M">M Gryzenhout</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wingfield, Mj" uniqKey="Wingfield M">MJ Wingfield</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petrak, F" uniqKey="Petrak F">F Petrak</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petrak, F" uniqKey="Petrak F">F Petrak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deighton, Fc" uniqKey="Deighton F">FC Deighton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Ajl" uniqKey="Phillips A">AJL Phillips</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Ajl" uniqKey="Phillips A">AJL Phillips</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alves, A" uniqKey="Alves A">A Alves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Correia, A" uniqKey="Correia A">A Correia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luque, J" uniqKey="Luque J">J Luque</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Punithalingam, E" uniqKey="Punithalingam E">E Punithalingam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramaley, Aw" uniqKey="Ramaley A">AW Ramaley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rannala, B" uniqKey="Rannala B">B Rannala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Z" uniqKey="Yang Z">Z Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rayachhetry, Mb" uniqKey="Rayachhetry M">MB Rayachhetry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blakeslee, Gm" uniqKey="Blakeslee G">GM Blakeslee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Webb, Rs" uniqKey="Webb R">RS Webb</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kimbrough, Jw" uniqKey="Kimbrough J">JW Kimbrough</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, F" uniqKey="Rodriguez F">F Rodriguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oliver, Jf" uniqKey="Oliver J">JF Oliver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marin, A" uniqKey="Marin A">A Marin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medina, Jr" uniqKey="Medina J">JR Medina</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ronquist, F" uniqKey="Ronquist F">F Ronquist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huelsenbeck, Jp" uniqKey="Huelsenbeck J">JP Huelsenbeck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rossman, Ay" uniqKey="Rossman A">AY Rossman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samuels, Gj" uniqKey="Samuels G">GJ Samuels</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saccardo, Pa" uniqKey="Saccardo P">PA Saccardo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saccardo, Pa" uniqKey="Saccardo P">PA Saccardo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schoch, Cl" uniqKey="Schoch C">CL Schoch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shoemaker, Ra" uniqKey="Shoemaker R">RA Shoemaker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seifert, Ka" uniqKey="Seifert K">KA Seifert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hambleton, S" uniqKey="Hambleton S">S Hambleton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spatafora, Jw" uniqKey="Spatafora J">JW Spatafora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, Pw" uniqKey="Crous P">PW Crous</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sivanesan, A" uniqKey="Sivanesan A">A Sivanesan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stevens, Ne" uniqKey="Stevens N">NE Stevens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sutton, Bc" uniqKey="Sutton B">BC Sutton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sutton, Bc" uniqKey="Sutton B">BC Sutton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Swofford, Dl" uniqKey="Swofford D">DL Swofford</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Theissen, F" uniqKey="Theissen F">F Theissen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sydow, H" uniqKey="Sydow H">H Sydow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Theissen, F" uniqKey="Theissen F">F Theissen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sydow, H" uniqKey="Sydow H">H Sydow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Jd" uniqKey="Thompson J">JD Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, Tj" uniqKey="Gibson T">TJ Gibson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plewniak, F" uniqKey="Plewniak F">F Plewniak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeanmougin, F" uniqKey="Jeanmougin F">F Jeanmougin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Higgins, Dg" uniqKey="Higgins D">DG Higgins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, Tj" uniqKey="White T">TJ White</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bruns, T" uniqKey="Bruns T">T Bruns</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, S" uniqKey="Lee S">S Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, J" uniqKey="Taylor J">J Taylor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Young, Nd" uniqKey="Young N">ND Young</name></author><author><name sortKey="Healey, J" uniqKey="Healey J">J Healey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zambettakis, Ce" uniqKey="Zambettakis C">CE Zambettakis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, S" uniqKey="Zhou S">S Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stanosz, Gr" uniqKey="Stanosz G">GR Stanosz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Persoonia</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Persoonia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Persoonia : Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0031-5850</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1878-9080</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraallbureau voor Schimmelcultures</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20396576</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2846129</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3767/003158508X340742</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>A.J.L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="COR1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pennycook</surname><given-names>S.R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johnston</surname><given-names>P.R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramaley</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Akulov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label> Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal;</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label> CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label> Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label> 7 Animas Place, Durango, CO 81301, USA.</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label> Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V.N. Karasin National University of Kharkov, Svobody sq. 4, Kharkov 61077, Ukraine.</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label> CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands.</aff><author-notes><corresp id="COR1">corresponding author e-mail: <email>alp@fct.unl.pt</email>.
</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>7</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>29</day><month>4</month><year>2008</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>4</day><month>7</month><year>2008</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2008 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode"><license-p>You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions:</license-p><license-p>Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).</license-p><license-p>Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes.</license-p><license-p>No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.</license-p><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode.</ext-link> Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><p>Species in the Botryosphaeriaceae are common plant pathogens and saprobes found on a variety of mainly woody hosts. Teleomorphs typically have hyaline, aseptate ascospores. However, some have been reported with brown ascospores and their taxonomic status is uncertain. A multi-gene approach (SSU, ITS, LSU, EF1-α and β-tubulin) was used to resolve the correct phylogenetic position of the dark-spored ‘<italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>’ teleomorphs and related asexual species. <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> and <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic> are reinstated for species with brown ascospores that are either 1-septate (<italic>Neodeightonia</italic>) or 2-septate (<italic>Phaeobotryon</italic>). <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> is reinstated for species with brown, aseptate ascospores that bear an apiculus at either end. The status of <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> is clarified and shown to be the anamorph of <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic>. Two new genera, namely <italic>Barriopsis</italic> for species having brown, aseptate ascospores without apiculi and <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> for species having brown, 1-septate ascospores with an apiculus at either end are introduced. Species of <italic>Dothiorella</italic> have brown, 1-septate ascospores and differ from <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> in the absence of apiculi. These six genera can also be distinguished from one another based on morphological characters of their anamorphs. Although previously placed in the Botryosphaeriaceae, <italic>Dothidotthia</italic>, was shown to belong in the Pleosporales, and the new family Dothidotthiaceae is introduced to accommodate it.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Barriopsis</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Diplodia</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Dothiorella</italic></kwd><kwd>EF1-α</kwd><kwd>ITS</kwd><kwd><italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic></kwd><kwd>LSU</kwd><kwd><italic>Neodeightonia</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Phaeobotryon</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic></kwd><kwd>phylogeny</kwd><kwd><italic>Spencermartinsia</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Sphaeropsis</italic></kwd><kwd>SSU</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="s1"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>The genus <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> based on the type species, <italic>B. dothidea</italic>, typically has ascospores that are hyaline and aseptate, although they can become brown and septate with age (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R38">Saccardo 1877</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">von Arx & Müller 1954</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">1975</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Denman et al. 2000</xref>). Because some species of <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> have ascospores that become brown with age, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">von Arx & Müller (1954)</xref> placed <italic>Dothidea visci</italic> with brown ascospores in <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> as <italic>B. visci</italic>. Later, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">von Arx & Müller (1975)</xref> also placed the dark-spored <italic>Neodeightonia subglobosa</italic> in <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>. Since this is the type species of <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> (1970), this genus was reduced to synonymy with <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> (1863). In recognising these synonymies, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">von Arx & Müller (1954</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">1975)</xref> broadened the concept of <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> to include species with brown ascospores.</p><p>At least 18 anamorph genera have been associated with <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Denman et al. (2000)</xref> recognised only two of these, namely <italic>Fusicoccum</italic> and <italic>Diplodia</italic>. However, in view of the range of morphologies found in <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> anamorphs, the proposal by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Denman et al. (2000)</xref> is probably too conservative. Although <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Denman et al. (2000)</xref> suggested that <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic> could be a synonym of <italic>Diplodia</italic>, authors of recent papers accept these as distinct genera (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R26">Pavlic et al. 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">Burgess et al. 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">Damm et al. 2007</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Alves et al. 2008</xref>).</p><p><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Phillips et al. (2005)</xref> resurrected the genus <italic>Dothiorella</italic> for species with 1-septate conidia that darken at an early stage of development, and teleomorphs that have brown, 1-septate ascospores. Phylogenetically (ITS+EF1-α) these species fell within the broad morphological concept of <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Phillips et al. 2005</xref>) as recognised by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">von Arx & Müller (1954</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">1975)</xref>. For these reasons, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Phillips et al. (2005)</xref> described the teleomorphs of <italic>Dothiorella</italic> as two new species of <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> with brown, 1-septate ascospores. Subsequently, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R21">Luque et al. (2005)</xref> described another dark-spored <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>, namely <italic>B. viticola</italic>, with a <italic>Dothiorella</italic> anamorph. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous et al. (2006)</xref> referred to the clade with <italic>Dothiorella</italic> anamorphs as <italic>Dothidotthia</italic> because of the strong resemblance of the teleomorphs to that genus. However, in a morphological study of <italic>Dothidotthia aspera</italic> from diverse hosts, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R32">Ramaley (2005)</xref> showed that the anamorph is a hyphomycete, <italic>Thyrostroma negundinis</italic>, and that this species and possibly <italic>D. symphoricarpi</italic>, type of <italic>Dothidotthia</italic>, are unrelated to the Botryosphaeriaceae (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R40">Schoch et al. 2006</xref>).</p><p>Although the teleomorphs of <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> tend to be morphologically conserved, the anamorphs display a wide range of morphologies. Based on the morphological diversity of the anamorphs linked to species of <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous et al. (2006)</xref> suggest that these taxa represent more than a single genus. By including teleomorphs with brown ascospores in <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Phillips et al. (2005)</xref> broadened the concept of the genus even further. Through a study of partial sequences of the LSU gene, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous et al. (2006)</xref> showed that <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> s.l. is composed of 10 phylogenetic lineages that correspond to different anamorph genera. To avoid the unnecessary introduction of new generic names, they opted to use existing anamorph generic names for most of the lineages, and restricted the use of <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> to <italic>B. dothidea</italic> and <italic>B. corticis</italic>. In their phylogeny, a large clade consisting of <italic>Diplodia</italic> and <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic> species was largely unresolved. Within this clade are species known to have hyaline ascospores, e.g. <italic>B. corticola</italic>, <italic>B. stevensii</italic>, and others reported to have dark ascospores, e.g. <italic>B. subglobosa</italic> and <italic>B. visci</italic>.</p><p>The aim of the present study was to use a multigene approach to determine the correct taxonomy and phylogeny of the dark-spored <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>-like teleomorphs and their associated anamorphs and to resolve the phylogenetic position of the genus <italic>Dothidotthia</italic>.</p></sec><sec id="s2" sec-type="methods"><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><sec id="s2a"><title>DNA isolation, PCR amplification and sequencing</title><p>Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium following the method of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">Alves et al. (2004)</xref>. PCR reactions were carried out with <italic>Taq</italic> polymerase, nucleotides and buffers supplied by MBI Fermentas (Vilnius, Lithuania) and PCR reaction mixtures were prepared according to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">Alves et al. (2004)</xref>, with the addition of 5 % DMSO to improve the amplification of some difficult DNA templates. All primers used were synthesised by MWG Biotech AG (Ebersberg, Germany).</p><p>A portion of the nuclear ribosomal SSU gene was amplified with primers NS1 and NS4 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">White et al. 1990</xref>). The amplification conditions were as follows: initial denaturation of 5 min at 95 °C, followed by 35 cycles of 45 s at 94 °C, 45 s at 48 °C and 90 s at 72 °C, and a final extension period of 10 min at 72 °C. The nucleotide sequence of the SSU region was determined using the above primers along with the internal sequencing primers NS2 and NS3 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">White et al. 1990</xref>).</p><p>Part of the nuclear rRNA cluster comprising the ITS region plus the D1/D2 variable domains of the ribosomal LSU gene was amplified using the primers ITS1 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">White et al. 1990</xref>) and NL4 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R24">O’Donnell 1993</xref>) as described by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">Alves et al. (2005)</xref>. Nucleotide sequences of the ITS and D1/D2 regions were determined as described previously (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">Alves et al. 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">2005</xref>) using the primers ITS4 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R49">White et al. 1990</xref>) and NL1 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R24">O’Donnell 1993</xref>) as internal sequencing primers.</p><p>The primers EF1-688F (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">Alves et al. 2008</xref>) and EF1-986R (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">Carbone & Kohn 1999</xref>) and Bt2a and Bt2b (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">Glass & Donaldson 1995</xref>) were used to amplify and sequence part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) gene and part of the β-tubulin gene, respectively. Amplification and nucleotide sequencing of the EF1-α and β-tubulin genes was performed as described previously (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">Alves et al. 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">2008</xref>).</p><p>The amplified PCR fragments were purified with the JETQUICK PCR Purification Spin Kit (GENOMED, Löhne, Germany). Both strands of the PCR products were sequenced according to the procedures described previously (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">Alves et al. 2004</xref>), while some were sequenced by STAB Vida Lda (Portugal). The nucleotide sequences were read and edited with FinchTV 1.4.0 (Geospiza Inc. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.geospiza.com/finchtv">http://www.geospiza.com/finchtv</ext-link>). All sequences were checked manually and nucleotide arrangements at ambiguous positions were clarified using both primer direction sequences.</p></sec><sec id="s2b"><title>Phylogenetic analyses</title><p>Sequences were aligned with ClustalX v. 1.83 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R48">Thompson et al. 1997</xref>), using the following parameters: pairwise alignment parameters (gap opening = 10, gap extension = 0.1) and multiple alignment parameters (gap opening = 10, gap extension = 0.2, transition weight = 0.5, delay divergent sequences = 25 %). Alignments were checked and manual adjustments were made where necessary. Phylogenetic information contained in indels (gaps) was incorporated into the phylogenetic analyses using simple indel coding as implemented by GapCoder (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R50">Young & Healy 2003</xref>).</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses of sequence data were done using PAUP v. 4.0b10 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R45">Swofford 2003</xref>) for Maximum-parsimony (MP) analyses and Mr Bayes v. 3.0b4 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003</xref>) for Bayesian analyses. Trees were visualised with TreeView (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R25">Page 1996</xref>).</p><p>Maximum-parsimony analyses were performed using the heuristic search option with 1 000 random taxa addition and tree bisection and reconnection (TBR) as the branch-swapping algorithm. All characters were unordered and of equal weight and gaps were treated as missing data. Branches of zero length were collapsed and all multiple, equally parsimonious trees were saved. The robustness of the most parsimonious trees was evaluated from 1 000 bootstrap replications (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">Hillis & Bull 1993</xref>). Other measures used were consistency index (CI), retention index (RI) and homoplasy index (HI).</p><p>Bayesian analyses employing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method were performed. The general time-reversible model of evolution (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">Rodriguez et al. 1990</xref>), including estimation of invariable sites and assuming a discrete gamma distribution with six rate categories (GTR+Γ+G) was used. Four MCMC chains were run simultaneously, starting from random trees for 1 000 000 generations. Trees were sampled every 100th generation for a total of 10 000 trees. The first 1 000 trees were discarded as the burn-in phase of each analysis. Posterior probabilities (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R33">Rannala & Yang 1996</xref>) were determined from a majority-rule consensus tree generated with the remaining 9 000 trees. This analysis was repeated three times starting from different random trees to ensure trees from the same tree space were sampled during each analysis.</p><p>In this study we assessed the possibility of combining the individual datasets by comparing highly supported clades among trees generated from the different datasets to detect conflict. High support typically refers to bootstrap support values ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 95 % (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">Alfaro et al. 2003</xref>). If no conflict exists between the highly supported clades in trees generated from these different datasets, it is likely that the genes share similar phylogenetic histories and phylogenetic resolution and support could ultimately be increased by combining the datasets (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R22">Miller & Huhndorf 2004</xref>).</p></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><title>RESULTS</title><sec id="s3a"><title>Phylogenetic analyses</title><p>Partial nucleotide sequences of the SSU ribosomal DNA (1134 bp), the ITS region (500–600 bp), the D1/D2 variable domains of the LSU ribosomal DNA (614 bp), β-tubulin (approx. 400 bp) and EF1-α genes (approx. 300 bp) were determined for several isolates. The other sequences used in the analyses were retrieved from GenBank (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>). Sequences of the five genes were aligned and analysed separately by MP and Bayesian analyses, and the resulting trees were compared. No conflicts were detected between single gene phylogenies indicating that the datasets could be combined. New sequences were deposited in GenBank (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>) and the alignments in TreeBASE (SN 3881).</p><p>Combined SSU and LSU rDNA sequences of <italic>Dothidotthia symphoricarpi</italic> isolates were aligned with a set of sequences retrieved from GenBank (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>) representing several orders in the Dothideomycetes, as well as two Sordariomycetes sequences that were selected as outgroup taxa (<italic>Sordaria fimicola</italic> and <italic>Xylaria hypoxylon</italic>). The combined SSU+LSU alignment consisted of 38 taxa and contained 1742 characters including coded alignment gaps. Indels were coded separately and added to the end of the alignment as characters 1682–1742. Of the 1742 characters, 1203 were constant, while 168 were variable and parsimony uninformative. Maximum parsimony analysis of the remaining 371 parsimony informative characters resulted in a single tree with TL = 1443, CI = 0.5038, RI = 0.7056 and HI = 0.4962. The overall topology of the 50 % majority-rule consensus tree of 10 000 trees sampled during the Bayesian analysis was similar to the MP tree. The MP tree is presented in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref> with bootstrap support above the branches. The Bayesian tree is available in TreeBASE (SN 3881).</p><p>Within the ingroup taxa six well-supported clades could be identified, which correspond to known orders belonging to the Dothideomycetes, namely the Dothideales, Myriangiales, Capnodiales, Hysteriales, Botryosphaeriales and Pleosporales. The isolates identified as <italic>D. symphoricarpi</italic> formed a distinct and well-supported subclade (MP bootstrap = 89 %, posterior probability = 1.00) within the Pleosporales clade. The <italic>D. symphoricarpi</italic> clade was clearly separated from all families included in the analyses. In both MP and Bayesian analyses the isolates grouped close to <italic>Didymella cucurbitacearum</italic> and <italic>Phoma herbarum</italic> (family incertae sedis; de Gruyter et al. in prep.).</p><p>The object of the multigene dataset (SSU, LSU, ITS, β-tubulin and EF1-α) analyses was to determine the phylogenetic relationships of the species with brown ascospores. Therefore <italic>Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum</italic> was used as outgroup because it lies basal to the Botryosphaeriaceae (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous et al. 2006</xref>). The alignment of 76 isolates consisted of 3470 characters including alignment gaps. Indels were coded separately and added to the end of the alignment as characters 3255–3470. In the analyses, alignment gaps were treated as missing data.</p><p>The combined dataset contained 3470 characters, of which 83 were variable and parsimony-uninformative and 2555 were constant. Maximum parsimony analysis of the remaining 832 parsimony-informative characters resulted in eight equal, most parsimonious trees (TL = 1966 steps, CI = 0.6175, RI = 0.9103, RC = 0.5621, HI = 0.3825). The 50 % majority-rule consensus tree of 10 000 trees sampled during the Bayesian analysis had an overall topology similar to the MP trees. One of the MP trees is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref> with bootstrap support at the branches. The Bayesian tree is available in TreeBASE (SN 3881). In both analyses 11 clades were identified within the ingroup. For convenience these clades are numbered 1–11 in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>. All of the clades received high bootstrap (87–100 %) and posterior probabilities (0.99–1.00) support.</p></sec></sec><sec id="s4"><title>TAXONOMY</title><sec id="s4a"><title>Position of Dothidotthia</title><p>Until now the genus <italic>Dothidotthia</italic> has been regarded as a member of the Botryosphaeriaceae (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">Barr 1987</xref>). One species of <italic>Dothidotthia</italic>, <italic>D. aspera</italic>, was recently shown to have a hyphomycetous anamorph in <italic>Thyrostroma</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R32">Ramaley 2005</xref>), quite unlike the pycnidial anamorphs of members of the Botryosphaeriaceae. The type species of <italic>Dothidotthia</italic>, <italic>D. symphoricarpi</italic>, was included in an analysis of the Dothideomycetes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>). These data show that <italic>Dothidotthia</italic> belongs in the Pleosporales, outside any of the known families, and thus a new family in the Pleosporales is introduced.</p><p><bold><italic>Dothidotthiaceae</italic></bold> Crous & A.J.L. Phillips, <italic>fam. nov.</italic> — MycoBank MB511706</p><p>Ascomata aggregata, erumpescentia, globosa, atrobrunnea. Pseudoparaphyses hyalinus, septatis. Asci octisporis, bitunicati, clavati. Ascosporae brunneae, uniseptatae, ellipsoidae.</p><p><italic>Typus. Dothidotthia</italic> Höhn.</p><p><italic>Anamorph. Thyrostroma</italic>.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> in gregarious clusters, rarely solitary, erumpent, globose, dark brown; wall consisting of 3–6 layers of dark brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>; basal region giving rise to dark brown, thick-walled hyphae, that extend from the bottom of the ascomata into the substrate. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, septate, branched in upper part above asci. <italic>Asci</italic> 8-spored, bitunicate, sessile, clavate, straight to curved. <italic>Ascospores</italic> brown, ellipsoid, transversely 1-septate. <italic>Anamorph</italic> hyphomycetous, <italic>Thyrostroma</italic>.</p><p><bold><italic>Dothidotthia</italic></bold> Höhn., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 36: 312. 1918</p><p><italic>Type species. Dothidotthia symphoricarpi</italic> (Rehm) Höhn.</p><p><bold><italic>Dothidotthia symphoricarpi</italic></bold> (Rehm) Höhn., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 36: 312. 1918. — <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Fig. 3</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref></p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>. <italic>Pseudotthia symphoricarpi</italic> Rehm, Ann. Mycol. 11: 169. 1913.</p><p>≡ <italic>Dibotryon symphoricarpi</italic> (Rehm) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 25: 301. 1927.</p><p>≡ <italic>Gibbera symphoricarpi</italic> (Rehm) Arx, Acta Bot. Neerl. 3: 85. 1954.</p><p><italic>Anamorph</italic>. <italic>Thyrostroma negundinis</italic> (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) A.W. Ramaley, Mycotaxon 94: 131. (2005) 2006.</p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>. <italic>Coryneum negundinis</italic> Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Grevillea 2: 153. 1874.</p><p>For additional synonyms see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R32">Ramaley (2005)</xref>.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, in gregarious clusters, rarely solitary, erumpent, up to 550 μm diam and 500 μm high; apex somewhat papillate to depressed; wall consisting of 3–6 layers of dark brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>, 20–80 μm wide, giving rise to dark brown, thick-walled hyphae, 4–6 μm wide, that extend from the bottom of the ascomata into the substratum; reduced to short lateral projections (10–15 μm long) elsewhere on the outer ascomatal wall. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, septate, 2–3 μm wide, generally not constricted at septa, and branched in upper part above asci. <italic>Asci</italic> 8-spored, bitunicate, sessile, clavate, 70–120 × 15–22 μm, straight to curved. <italic>Ascospores</italic> uniformly pale brown, (20–)22–23(−26) × (8–)9–10(−11) μm, ellipsoid, tapering towards subacutely rounded ends, medianly 1-septate, prominently constricted at septum, widest just above septum, smooth.</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>. <italic>Dothidotthia symphoricarpi</italic>. USA, North Dakota, on branches of <italic>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</italic>, holotype of <italic>D. symphoricarpi</italic> herb. NY; Colorado, San Juan Co, c. 0.5 mile up Engineer Mountain Trail from turnoff at mile 52.5, Hwy 550, dead twigs of <italic>Symphoricarpos rotundifolius</italic>, 24 June 2004, <italic>A.W. Ramaley 0410</italic>, epitype designated here as BPI 871823, culture ex-epitype CPC 12929 = CBS 119687.</p><p>Notes — <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">Barr (1989)</xref> introduced the combination <italic>Dothidotthia aspera</italic>, but incorrectly listed <italic>D. symphoricarpi</italic> as synonym. <italic>Dothidotthia aspera</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 6</xref>) has ascospores that are ellipsoidal with rounded ends, constricted at the medium septum, widest just above the septum, medium brown, smooth to finely verruculose, (20–)32–35(−37) × (12–)13–14(−15) μm. Ascospores of <italic>D. symphoricarpi</italic> are much smaller, namely (20–)22–23(−26) × (8–)9–10(−11) μm, ellipsoid with rounded ends, constricted at the median septum, widest above septum, finely verruculose, pale brown, and not medium brown as in <italic>D. aspera.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R32">Ramaley (2005)</xref> collected several specimens in this complex, one of which, BPI 871823, is selected to serve as epitype of <italic>D. symphoricarpi</italic>. Given the new circumscription of this species, the other specimens treated by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R32">Ramaley (2005)</xref> appear to represent <italic>D. aspera</italic>, which is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from both <italic>D. symphoricarpi</italic> based on the larger ascospores.</p><p><bold><italic>Dothidotthia aspera</italic></bold> (Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 34: 519. 1989 — <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Fig. 6</xref></p><p><italic>Basionym. Amphisphaeria aspera</italic> Ellis & Everh., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 52. 1900.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, gregarious in groups, rarely solitary, erumpent, up to 600 μm diam, 500 μm high; apex rounded, short papillate to depressed; wall consisting of 3–6 layers of dark brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>, 20–80 μm wide, giving rise to dark brown, thick-walled hyphae, 4–6 μm wide, that extend from the bottom of the ascomata into the substratum; reduced to short lateral projections elsewhere on the outer ascomatal wall. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, septate, 2–3 μm wide, not constricted at the septa, branched in the upper parts. <italic>Asci</italic> 8-spored, bitunicate, sessile, clavate, 65–140 × 10–23 μm. <italic>Ascospores</italic> medium brown, ellipsoidal with rounded ends, 1-septate, constricted at the median septum, smooth to finely verruculose, (20–)32–35(−37) × (12–)13–14(−15) μm.</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>. <italic>Dothidotthia aspera</italic>. USA, Colorado, E. Bethel 517, holotype of <italic>Amphisphaeria aspera</italic> herb. NY. – <italic>Dothidotthia</italic> spp. USA, Colorado, Durango, 7 Animas Place, dead twigs of <italic>Euonymus alatus</italic>, 29 June 2004, <italic>A.W. Ramaley 0411</italic>, BPI 871820, culture CPC 12930 = CBS 119688; Colorado, Durango, between Animas Place and Animas River, dead twigs of <italic>Acer negundo</italic>, 8 July 2004, <italic>A.W. Ramaley 0414</italic>, BPI 871819, anamorph culture CPC 12933 = CBS 119691, teleomorph CPC 12932 = CBS 119690; Colorado, La Plata Co, c. 1.75 mile up Carbon Junction Trail, dead twigs of <italic>Fendlera rupicola</italic>, 11 May 2004, <italic>A.W. Ramaley 0403</italic>, BPI 871821, culture CPC 12928 = CBS 119686.</p></sec><sec id="s4b"><title>Taxonomy of species with brown ascospores in the Botryosphaeriaceae</title><p>The multigene phylogeny revealed 11 clades within the dataset of isolates studied (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>). Valid generic names are available and currently in use for clade 1 (<italic>Diplodia</italic>), clade 3 (<italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic>), clade 7 (<italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>), clade 8 (<italic>Dothiorella</italic>) and clade 11 (<italic>Neofusicoccum</italic>). <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> and <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic> are reinstated for clades 2 and 4, respectively. <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> is reinstated for clade 6 and shown to be the teleomorph of <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic>, the status of which is clarified. No generic names are available for the remaining clades and for this reason <italic>Barriopsis</italic> and <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> are introduced for clades 5 and 9, respectively. The status of clade 10 remains unresolved.</p><p><bold><italic>Barriopsis</italic></bold> A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous, <italic>gen. nov.</italic> — MycoBank MB511712</p><p>Ascomata pseudothecia, brunnea vel nigra. Pseudoparaphyses hyalinae, septatae. Asci clavati, stipitati, octospori, bitunicati cum loculo apicali bene evoluto. Ascosporae ellipsoides, unicellulares, ovoidea, brunnea.</p><p><italic>Type species. Barriopsis fusca</italic> A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous.</p><p><italic>Etymology.</italic> Named in honour of Margaret E. Barr, who dedicated a large part of her career to resolving the taxonomy of the Dothideomycetes.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, scattered or clustered, brown to black, wall composed of several layers of <italic>textura angularis</italic>, ostiole central. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, smooth, multiseptate, constricted at septa. <italic>Asci</italic> bitunicate, clavate, stipitate, thick-walled with thick endotunica and well-developed apical chamber. <italic>Ascospores</italic> aseptate, ellipsoid to ovoid, brown when mature, without terminal apiculi.</p><p>Note — The absence of apiculi differentiate this genus from <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> and <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic>. The aseptate, brown ascospores without apiculi are unique in the Botryosphaeriaceae.</p><p><bold><italic>Barriopsis fusca</italic></bold> (N.E. Stevens) A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous, <italic>comb. nov.</italic> — MycoBank MB511713; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Fig. 7</xref></p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>. <italic>Physalospora fusca</italic> N.E. Stevens, Mycologia 18: 210. 1926.</p><p>= <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria fusca</italic> Petr., Sydowia 6: 317. 1952.</p><p>= <italic>Botryosphaeria disrupta</italic> (Berk. & Curtis) Arx & E. Müll., Beitr. Kryptogamenfl. Schweiz 2, 1: 37. 1954.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> scattered, immersed, brown to black, separate or aggregated, wall composed of <italic>textura angularis</italic>, uniloculate, ostiole single, central. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, smooth, 3–4.5 μm wide, multiseptate with septa 14–18 μm apart. <italic>Asci</italic> bitunicate, clavate, 8-spored, stipitate, thick-walled with thick endotunica and well-developed apical chamber, 125–180 × 30–36 μm. <italic>Ascospores</italic> biseriate, aseptate, ellipsoid to oval, straight or slightly curved, apex and base obtuse, without terminal apiculi, wall externally smooth, internally finely verruculose, brown, widest in the middle, (30–)31–36.5(−38.5) × (15.5–)16–18.5(−21) μm, 95 % confidence limits = 32.6–33.4 × 17.0–17.5 μm (<inline-graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-i001.jpg"></inline-graphic> ± S.D. = 33.0 ± 1.5 × 17.2 ± 1.0 μm, L/W ratio = 1.9 ± 0.15).</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>. <sc>Cuba</sc>, Herradura, on twigs of <italic>Citrus</italic> sp., 15 Jan. 1925, <italic>N.E. Stevens</italic>, holotype BPI 599052, culture ex-type CBS 174.26. – USA, Florida, Orlando, on twigs of <italic>Citrus</italic> sp., 20 Feb. 1923, <italic>C.L. Shear</italic>, BPI 599054.</p><p>Notes — The ex-type culture could not be induced to sporulate, no doubt because it has been in culture for more than 80 years. According to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">Stevens (1926)</xref> the anamorph is lasiodiplodia-like and he described it as follows: “conidia initially hyaline, aseptate and thick-walled becoming dark brown and septate with irregular longitudinal striations, (20–)23–25(−28) × (11–)12–13(−16) μm”. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">Stevens (1926)</xref> placed this species in <italic>Physalospora</italic>, but he was obviously hesitant to do so, judging from his statement “To place in the genus <italic>Physalospora</italic> a fungus with coloured ascospores is of course to do violence to the ideas of that genus”. On account of the bitunicate asci and brown ascospores of this species, <italic>Physalospora</italic> is clearly unsuitable. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R28">Petrak & Deighton (1952)</xref> transferred this species to <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> as <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria fusca</italic>, presumably on account of its dark ascospores. We examined the type species of <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> (<italic>P. yerbae</italic>) and found it to have terminal apiculi on the ascospores. Therefore, <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> would also appear to be unsuitable. For this reason we propose the new genus <italic>Barriopsis</italic> for this fungus. The brown, aseptate ascospores without terminal apiculi are characteristic of this new genus.</p><p><bold><italic>Dothiorella</italic></bold> Sacc., Michelia 2: 5. 1880</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>. <italic>Dothiorella pyrenophora</italic> Sacc.</p><p><bold><italic>Dothiorella pyrenophora</italic></bold> Sacc., Michelia 2: 5. 1880</p><p>Notes — The genus <italic>Dothiorella</italic> has been the source of much confusion in the past and the name has been used in more than one sense. <italic>Dothiorella</italic> has been used for anamorphs with hyaline, aseptate conidia similar to those normally associated with <italic>Fusicoccum</italic> and <italic>Neofusicoccum</italic>. Presumably this confusion started when <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">Petrak (1922)</xref> transferred <italic>F. aesculi</italic> to <italic>Dothiorella</italic>, citing the species as the conidial state of <italic>B. berengeriana</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R44">Sutton 1980</xref>). In later years, <italic>Dothiorella</italic> has been used for fusicoccum-like anamorphs with multiloculate conidiomata (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">Grossenbacher & Duggar 1911</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">Barr 1987</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R34">Rayachhetry et al. 1996</xref>). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R41">Sivanesan (1984)</xref> confused matters further by placing <italic>Dothiorella pyrenophora</italic> in synonymy with <italic>Dothichiza sorbi</italic>, which has small, hyaline, aseptate conidia and is the anamorph of <italic>Dothiora pyrenophora</italic> (Fr.) Fr. However, he was referring to <italic>Dothiorella pyrenophora</italic> Sacc. (1884), which is a later homonym of <italic>Dothiorella pyrenophora</italic> Sacc. (1880) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R43">Sutton 1977</xref>). The taxonomic history of <italic>Dothiorella</italic> has been explained by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R43">Sutton (1977)</xref> and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">Crous & Palm (1999)</xref>, and is illustrated by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">Crous & Palm (1999)</xref>.</p><p><italic>Dothiorella</italic> was reduced to synonymy under <italic>Diplodia</italic> by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">Crous & Palm (1999)</xref>, who used a broad morphological concept for <italic>Diplodia</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Phillips et al. (2005)</xref> re-examined the type of <italic>Dothiorella pyrenophora</italic> Sacc. (K 54912) and stated that it differed from <italic>Diplodia</italic> by having conidia that are brown and 1-septate early in their development, while they are still attached to the conidiogenous cells. In <italic>Diplodia</italic> conidial darkening and septation takes place after discharge from the pycnidia. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous et al. (2006)</xref> re-examined the types of both <italic>Diplodia</italic> and <italic>Dothiorella</italic> and confirmed these morphological differences. Teleomorphs of <italic>Dothiorella</italic> have pigmented, septate ascospores.</p><p><bold><italic>Dothiorella sarmentorum</italic></bold> (Fr.) A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & J. Luque, Mycologia 97: 522. 2005</p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>. <italic>Sphaeria sarmentorum</italic> Fr., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl., n.s. 39: 107. 1818.</p><p>≡ <italic>Diplodia sarmentorum</italic> (Fr.) Fr., Summa Veg. Scand. 2: 417. 1849.</p><p>= <italic>Diplodia pruni</italic> Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23–24: 169. (1869–1870) 1870.</p><p><italic>Teleomorph</italic>. <italic>Botryosphaeria sarmentorum</italic> A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & J. Luque, Mycologia 97: 522. 2005.</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>. <sc>England</sc>, Warwickshire, on <italic>Ulmus</italic> sp., Aug. 1956, <italic>E.A. Ellis</italic>, holotype of <italic>Otthia spiraeae</italic>, IMI 63581b, culture ex-holotype IMI 63581b. – <sc>Sweden</sc>, Lund, Botanical Garden, on <italic>Menispermum canadense</italic>, 1818, <italic>E.M. Fries</italic> (holotype of <italic>Sphaeria sarmentorum</italic>) Scleromyc. Suec. 18, isotype K(M) 104852.</p><p><bold><italic>Dothiorella iberica</italic></bold> A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves, Mycologia 97: 524. 2005 — <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Fig. 8</xref></p><p><italic>Teleomorph</italic>. <italic>Botryosphaeria iberica</italic> A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves, Mycologia 97: 524. 2005.</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>. <sc>Spain</sc>, Aragon, Tarazona, on dead twigs of <italic>Quercus ilex</italic>, 18 Dec. 2002, <italic>J. Luque</italic>, holotype of <italic>B. iberica</italic> LISE 94944, culture ex-type CBS 115041, LISE 94942 = CBS 115035.</p><p>Notes — This species is similar to <italic>Dothiorella sarmentorum</italic> but can be distinguished on characteristics of the asci, ascospores and conidia. Thus, in <italic>D. iberica</italic> the asci are shorter and more clavate, the ascospores characteristically taper towards the base, and on average the conidia are slightly longer.</p><p>Within the <italic>Dothiorella</italic> clade there is a subclade consisting of <italic>Diplodia coryli</italic> (CBS 242.51) and <italic>Diplodia juglandis</italic> (CBS 188.87). However, neither of these two isolates is authentic, and neither could be induced to sporulate. Thus, their identity and distinction from other species could not be determined. Two other isolates (CAP187 from <italic>Prunus dulcis</italic> in Portugal, and JL599 from <italic>Corylus avellana</italic> in Spain) identified as <italic>Dothiorella</italic> spp. formed two further clades. However, these clades are represented by single isolates and were not considered any further. Nevertheless, it is clear that <italic>Dothiorella</italic> is genetically diverse and further collections will undoubtedly yield more species.</p><p><bold><italic>Neodeightonia</italic></bold> C. Booth, Mycol. Pap. 119: 17. (1969) 1970.</p><p><italic>Type species. Neodeightonia subglobosa</italic> C. Booth.</p><p><bold><italic>Neodeightonia subglobosa</italic></bold> C. Booth, Mycol. Pap. 119: 19. (1969) 1970.</p><p><italic>Anamorph. Sphaeropsis subglobosa</italic> Cooke, Grevillea 7: 95. 1879, as ‘<italic>subglobosum</italic>’.</p><p><italic>Specimens examined.</italic><sc>Sierra Leone</sc>, Njala (Kori), on dead culms of <italic>Bambusa arundinacea</italic>, 17 Aug. 1954, <italic>F.C. Deighton</italic>, holotype IMI 57769 (c). – <sc>Unknown location</sc>, human, keratomycosis of eye, Aug. 1991, <italic>Kirkness</italic>, CBS 448.91.</p><p>Note — We examined the type specimen of <italic>Neodeightonia subglobosa</italic> and found only immature asci with hyaline ascospores. However, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R31">Punithalingam (1969)</xref> clearly described and illustrated the ascospores as brown and 1-septate. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">Von Arx & Müller (1954)</xref> transferred <italic>N. subglobosa</italic> to <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>, and because this is the type species of the genus, they reduced <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> to synonymy under <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>. However, morphologically (based on the dark, 1-septate ascospores) and phylogenetically, this genus is distinguishable from <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>, and the genus is therefore reinstated here. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R31">Punithalingam (1969)</xref> referred to a germ slit in the conidia. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous et al. (2006)</xref> suggested that this is in fact a striation on the conidial wall, and that more than one could occur per conidium, a feature confirmed in the present study (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Fig. 9</xref>). Such striate walls suggest an affinity to <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic>. Nevertheless, <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> can be distinguished from <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic> by the absence of pycnidial paraphyses. Thus, conidial striations distinguish <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> from <italic>Diplodia</italic>, and the absence of pycnidial paraphyses distinguishes it from <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic>.</p><p><bold><italic>Neodeightonia phoenicum</italic></bold> A.J.L. Phillips & Crous, <italic>sp. nov.</italic> — MycoBank MB511708; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Fig. 10</xref></p><p>Conidiomata brunnea vel nigra, in contextu hospitis inclusa, multilocularia, globosa. Cellulae conidiogenae holoblasticae, hyalinae, cylindricae, percurrenter cum 1–2 proliferationibus prolificentes, vel in plano eodem periclinaliter incrassatae. Conidia (14.5–)17–21(−24) × (9–)10–12.5(−14) μm ovoidea vel ellipsoidea, apicibus rotundato, in fundo rotundato, parietibus crassis, primaria hyalinae, cum maturitate brunnea, longitudinaliter striata et unum septa formantia.</p><p><italic>Anamorph</italic>. <italic>Macrophoma phoenicum</italic> Sacc., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 4: 195. 1890.</p><p>≡ <italic>Diplodia phoenicum</italic> (Sacc.) H.S. Fawc. & Klotz, Bull. Calif. Agric. Exp. Station 522: 8. 1932.</p><p>≡ <italic>Strionemadiplodia phoenicum</italic> (Sacc.) Zambett., Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. France 70: 235. (1954) 1955.</p><p><italic>Conidiomata</italic> formed on pine needles in culture pycnidial, multiloculate, dark brown to black, immersed in the host, becoming erumpent when mature. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, swollen at base, holoblastic, proliferating percurrently to form one or two annellations, or proliferating at same level giving rise to periclinal thickenings. <italic>Conidia</italic> ovoid to ellipsoid, apex and base broadly rounded, widest in middle to upper third, thick-walled, initially hyaline and aseptate, becoming dark brown and 1-septate some time after discharge from pycnidia, with melanin deposits on inner surface of wall arranged longitudinally giving a striate appearance to conidia, (14.5–)17–21(−24) × (9–)10–12.5(−14) μm, 95 % confidence limits = 18.6–19.5 × 11.2–11.8 μm (<inline-graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-i001.jpg"></inline-graphic> ± S.D. = 19.1 ± 1.7 × 11.5 ± 1.1 μm, l/w ratio = 1.7 ± 0.2).</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>. <sc>Spain</sc>, Catalonia, Tarragona, Salou, on <italic>Phoenix</italic> sp., <italic>F. Garcia</italic>, holotype CBS H-20108, culture ex-type CBS 122528; Catalonia, Barcelona, Vilanova i la Geltrú, on <italic>Phoenix canariensis</italic>, 17 May 2004, <italic>M. Rojo</italic>, CBS 123168. – USA, California, on <italic>Phoenix dactylifera</italic>, Mar. 1934, <italic>H.S. Fawcett</italic>, CBS 169.34.</p><p>Notes — <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R51">Zambettakis (1955)</xref> placed this species in <italic>Strionemadiplodia</italic> (based on the striate conidia). However, the teleomorphic genus <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> is available for this species. The absence of pycnidial paraphyses distinguishes <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> from <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic>, while the striate conidia distinguish it from <italic>Diplodia</italic>. Although <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R31">Punithalingam (1969)</xref> reported that the teleomorph of <italic>N. subglobosa</italic> forms in culture, our isolates of <italic>N. phoenicum</italic> failed to do so, even after long periods of incubation (> 3 mo).</p><p><bold><italic>Phaeobotryon</italic></bold> Theiss. & Syd., Ann. Mycol. 13: 664. 1915</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>. <italic>Phaeobotryon cercidis</italic> (Cooke) Theiss. & Syd.</p><p><bold><italic>Phaeobotryon cercidis</italic></bold> (Cooke) Theiss. & Syd., Ann. Mycol. 13: 664. 1915. — <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">Fig. 11</xref></p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>. <italic>Dothidea cercidis</italic> Cooke, Grevillea 13: 66. 1885, as ‘<italic>Dothidea</italic> (<italic>Bagnisiella</italic>)’.</p><p>≡ <italic>Bagnisiella cercidis</italic> (Cooke) Berl. & Voglino, Add. Syll. Fung. 1–4: 223. 1886.</p><p>≡ <italic>Auerswaldia cercidis</italic> (Cooke) Theiss. & Syd., Ann. Mycol. 12: 270. 1914.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>. USA, Carolina, on bark of <italic>Cercis canadensis</italic>, ex Herb. MC Cooke No 795, K134204.</p><p>Notes — In the original description of <italic>Dothidea cercidis</italic>, ascospores were reported as hyaline. However, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R46">Theissen & Sydow (1914)</xref> observed them to become brown with age, 32–38 × 12–13 μm. Subsequently <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R47">Theissen & Sydow (1915)</xref> introduced the genus <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic> Theiss. & Syd. to accommodate this species. The asci are clavate, bitunicate, approx. 150–170 × 30–35 μm. The pseudoparaphyses are branched, septate, constricted at septa, anastomosing, 4–5 μm wide. The ascospores are ellipsoidal, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown, turning brown at maturity, 2-septate (cells equal in length), with a characteristic punctiform outgrowth (conical apiculus) at each end of the spore, (27–)30–35(−38) × (8–)12–14(−15) μm. The latter features, namely 2-septate, brown ascospores with a conical apiculus at each end, are considered characteristic for the genus.</p><p><bold><italic>Phaeobotryon quercicola</italic></bold> (A.J.L. Phillips) Crous & A.J.L. Phillips, <italic>comb. nov.</italic> — MycoBank MB511711; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">Fig. 12</xref></p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>. <italic>Botryosphaeria quercicola</italic> A.J.L. Phillips, Mycologia 97: 526. 2005 (based on <italic>Otthia quercus</italic> Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk., 23–24: 170. (1869–1870) 1870.</p><p>Notes — As illustrated by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Phillips et al. (2005)</xref>, <italic>Phaeobotryon quercicola</italic> has brown, 2-septate ascospores with a conical apiculus at each end, thus suggesting that it would be better accommodated in <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic> than <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>.</p><p><bold><italic>Phaeobotryon mamane</italic></bold> Crous & A.J.L. Phillips, <italic>sp. nov.</italic> — MycoBank MB506581; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">Fig. 13</xref></p><p><italic>Phaeobotryon cercidis</italic> similis sed ascosporae majoribus, (30–)37–40(−45) × (11–)13–15(−16) μm.</p><p><italic>Anamorph</italic>. Dothiorella-like, but with up to two transverse septa.</p><p><italic>Etymology.</italic> Named for its host, <italic>Sophora chrysophylla</italic>, which is known as ‘mamane’ in Hawaii.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, dark brown to black, stromatic, globose, aggregated in botryose clusters or separate, immersed, becoming erumpent, ostiolate, up to 350 μm diam; wall consisting of 4–6 cell layers of dark brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, smooth, multiseptate, with septa 10–23 μm apart, constricted at septa, 3–4 μm wide. <italic>Asci</italic> bitunicate, 8-spored, stipitate, thick-walled with thick endotunica and well-developed apical chamber, 120–150(−200) × 25–30 μm, with biseriate ascospores. <italic>Ascospores</italic> ellipsoid to ovate, (30–)37–40(−45) × (11–)13–15(−16) μm, 2-septate, with 3 cells of equal length, not constricted at septa, finely verruculose, widest in middle with conical apiculus at one or both ends. <italic>Spermatogonia</italic> morphologically similar to conidiomata, also formed in culture. <italic>Spermatia</italic> hyaline, rod-shaped with rounded ends, 3–5 × 2 μm. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, ostiolate, separate or aggregated, globose, black, immersed to erumpent, unilocular, up to 350 μm diam; wall consisting of 4–6 layers of brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> cylindrical to doliiform, hyaline, smooth, proliferating percurrently near apex, 10–14 × 4–8 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> ellipsoid to oblong or subcylindrical or obovoid, brown, smooth to finely verruculose, moderately thick-walled, granular, guttulate, ends rounded, 1(−2)-septate, base with inconspicuous scar, slightly flattened, (30–)35–38(−43) × (12–)14–15(−16) μm.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined.</italic><sc>Hawaii</sc>, Manna Koa Park, Saddle Road, on stems of <italic>Sophora chrysophylla</italic>, July 2005, <italic>W. Gams</italic>, holotype CBS H-20109, culture ex-type–CPC 12440 = CBS 122980.</p><p><bold><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic></bold> Speg., Ann. Inst. Rech. Agron. 17, 10: 120. 1908.</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>. <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria yerbae</italic> Speg.</p><p><italic>Anamorph. Sphaeropsis</italic> Sacc., Michelia 2: 105. 1880, nom. cons.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, brown to black, unilocular, thick-walled. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, septate. <italic>Asci</italic> bitunicate, 8-spored, thick-walled with thick endotunica and well-developed apical chamber. <italic>Ascospores</italic> brown, aseptate with small apiculus at either end. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> pycnidial, eustromatic, immersed to erumpent, thick-walled, wall composed of several layers of dark brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>. <italic>Ostiole</italic> single, central, papillate. <italic>Paraphyses</italic> hyaline, aseptate, thin-walled. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, proliferating internally to form periclinal thickenings. <italic>Conidia</italic> oval, oblong or clavate, straight, aseptate, moderately thick-walled.</p><p><bold><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria yerbae</italic></bold> Speg., Ann. Inst. Rech. Agron. 17, 10: 120. 1908 — <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">Fig. 14</xref></p><p><italic>Anamorph</italic>. Not reported but presumably a <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> species.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, brown to black, multiloculate, immersed, becoming erumpent, ostiolate, papillate, up to 500 μm diam, wall composed of several layers of dark brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, smooth, 4–6 μm wide, multiseptate, with septa 10–18(−22) μm apart, constricted at septa. <italic>Asci</italic> bitunicate, clavate, 8-spored, ascospores biseriate in the ascus, stipitate, thick-walled with thick endotunica and well-developed apical chamber, 120–150 × 25–30 μm. <italic>Ascospores</italic> dark brown when mature, ovoid, (32–)34–42(−48) × (14–)16–18(−20) μm, aseptate, externally smooth, internally finely verruculose, widest in middle with a hyaline apiculus at either end.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>. <sc>Argentina</sc>, Misiones, Campo das Cuias, y San Pedro, on branches of <italic>Ilex paraguayensis</italic>, Feb. 1907, <italic>C. Spegazzini</italic>, holotype LPS 2926.</p><p><bold><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria visci</italic></bold> (Kalchbr.) A.J.L. Phillips & Crous <italic>comb. nov.</italic> — MycoBank MB512100; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F15">Fig. 15</xref></p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>. <italic>Dothidea visci</italic> Kalchbr., Hedwigia 8: 117. 1869.</p><p>≡ <italic>Phaeobotryon visci</italic> (Kalchbr.) Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. kl., Abt I 128: 591. 1919.</p><p>≡ <italic>Botryosphaeria visci</italic> (Kalchbr.) Arx & E. Müll., Beitr. Kryptogamenfl. Schweiz, Band II, Heft I: 41. 1954.</p><p><italic>Anamorph</italic>. <italic>Sphaeropsis visci</italic> (Fr.) Sacc., Michelia 2: 105. 1880.</p><p>For synonyms see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R44">Sutton (1980)</xref>.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, brown to black, uni- or multiloculate, separate, immersed, ostiolate, up to 500 μm diam, wall composed of several layers of dark brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, smooth, 4–6 μm wide, multiseptate, with septa 11–19(−26) μm apart, constricted at septa. <italic>Asci</italic> bitunicate, 8-spored, ascospores biseriate in the ascus, stipitate, thick-walled with thick endotunica and well-developed apical chamber, 180–230 × 35–50 μm. <italic>Ascospores</italic> pale-brown when mature, ovoid, (27.5–)31–37.5(−38.5) × (14.5–)15–19(−19.5) μm, aseptate, externally smooth, internally finely verruculose, widest in middle with an apiculus at either end. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> immersed to erumpent and superficial, unilocular, up to 300 μm wide, wall composed of dark brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>. <italic>Paraphyses</italic> hyaline, aseptate, up to 40 μm long and 4 μm wide with a bulbous tip 5 μm diam. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete proliferating internally to form periclinal thickenings, (4–)8.5–11 × 4–6.5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> (27–)29–33(−50) × (14.5–)15.5–19(−22) μm, oval, apex obtuse, base obtuse or truncate, moderately thick-walled, initially hyaline, becoming brown, externally smooth, internally finely verruculose.</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>. <sc>Germany</sc>, Klein Ziethen, near Angermünde, on fallen twigs of <italic>Viscum album</italic>, 22 July 1996, <italic>T. Graefenhan</italic>, CBS 186.97. – <sc>Luxembourg</sc>, Weilenbach, near Echternach, on fallen twigs of <italic>Viscum album</italic>, 14 June 1997, <italic>H.A. van der Aa</italic>, CBS 100163. – <sc>Ukraine</sc>, National Nature Park ‘Svjatie Gory’, Donetsk district, on branches of <italic>Viscum album</italic>, 10 Mar. 2007, <italic>Á. Akulov</italic>, CWU (MYC) AS 2271, cultures CBS 122526, CBS 122527.</p><p>Note — Until now the connection between <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> and its anamorph has not been proven. On the specimen examined here there is a <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>-like ascomycete with brown ascospores. Single ascospore isolations from this specimen resulted in cultures of <italic>S. visci</italic>, thus proving the connection between the two states. Features that distinguish this teleomorph from others with brown ascospores in the Botryosphaeriaceae are the aseptate ascospores with an apiculus at either end.</p><p><bold><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria citrigena</italic></bold> A.J.L. Phillips, P.R. Johnst. & Pennycook, <italic>sp. nov.</italic> — MycoBank MB511714; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">Fig. 16</xref></p><p><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria visci</italic> similis sed ascosporae rufus-brunneae, et conidiae minoribus, (27–)28–33(−34) × (14.5–)15–18.5(−19) μm.</p><p><italic>Anamorph</italic>. <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> sp.</p><p><italic>Etymology.</italic> Named for its association with <italic>Citrus</italic>.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, brown to black, separate or aggregated, immersed, becoming erumpent, ostiolate, wall composed of several layers of dark brown <italic>textura angularis</italic>. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> hyaline, smooth, 4–6 μm wide, multiseptate, with septa 11–26 μm apart; constricted at septa. <italic>Asci</italic> bitunicate, 8-spored, stipitate, thick-walled with thick endotunica and well-developed apical chamber, 180–230 × 35–43(−50) μm, with biseriate ascospores. <italic>Ascospores</italic> reddish brown when mature, ellipsoid to ovoid with both ends rounded, (27.5–)29–37.5(−38.5) × (14.5–)15.5–18(−19.5) μm, with an apiculus at either end, aseptate, externally smooth, internally finely verruculose, widest in middle to upper third. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> immersed to erumpent and superficial, unilocular, up to 500 μm wide, wall composed of several layers of dark brown <italic>textura angularis. Paraphyses</italic> hyaline, aseptate, up to 25 μm long and 3–3.5 μm wide. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> hyaline, discrete, proliferating internally to form periclinal thickenings, 8–11 × 4–6.5 μm. <italic>Conidia</italic> (27–) 28–33(−34) × (14.5–)15–18.5(−19) μm, oval, apex obtuse, base obtuse or truncate, moderately thick-walled, initially hyaline, becoming brown, externally smooth, internally finely verruculose, aseptate.</p><p><italic>Specimens examined</italic>. <sc>New Zealand</sc>, Northland, Kerikeri, Davies Orchard (#2), Inlet Road, on recently dead bark-covered twigs of <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>, 6 Sept. 2006, <italic>S.R. Pennycook</italic>, <italic>P.R. Johnston & B.C. Paulus</italic>, holotype PDD 89238, culture ex-type ICMP 16812; Northland, Kerikeri, Davies Orchard (#3), Inlet Road, on recently dead bark-covered twigs of <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>, 6 Sept. 2006, <italic>S.R. Pennycook</italic>, <italic>P.R. Johnston & B.C. Paulus</italic>, PDD 89239, culture ICMP 16818.</p><p>Notes — Conidia of <italic>P. citrigena</italic> remained hyaline for long periods and only rarely did we observe dark conidia. Conidial dimensions of this species are similar to <italic>S. visci</italic>, but its ascospores are reddish brown in contrast to the pale brown ones of <italic>S. visci</italic>.</p><p><bold><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria porosa</italic></bold> (Van Niekerk & Crous) Crous & A.J.L. Phillips, <italic>comb. nov</italic>. — MycoBank MB511715; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">Fig. 17</xref></p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>. <italic>Diplodia porosum</italic> Van Niekerk & Crous, Mycologia 96: 790. 2004.</p><p><italic>Specimen examined</italic>. <sc>South Africa</sc>, Western Cape Province, Stellenbosch, on shoots of <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic>, 2002, <italic>J.M. van Niekerk</italic>, holotype CBS H-12039, culture ex-type CBS 110496.</p><p>Notes — <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R23">Van Niekerk et al. (2004)</xref> did not mention pycnidial paraphyses, but these were clearly seen when these isolates were re-examined (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">Fig. 17</xref>). This species is unique within the Botryosphaeriaceae because of its large, thick-walled conidia with large pores (1 μm wide) that are clearly visible by light microscopy. However, the pitted walls, although unique and distinctive, should be regarded as informative at the species level in the same way that this character was regarded in the original description.</p><p><bold><italic>Spencermartinsia</italic></bold> A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous, <italic>gen. nov</italic>. — MycoBank MB511762.</p><p>Ascomata pseudothecia, ostiolati. Asci bitunicati, octo-spori, clavati, stipitati, pseudoparaphysibus multis filiformibus, septatis, latis interspersi. Ascosporae biseriati, uniseptati cum terminali apiculi. Conidiomata stromatiformia. Cellulae conidiogenae holoblasticase, proliferatione percurrenti, ut videtur annellationibus, vel inplano eodem periclinaliter incrassate. Conidia brunnea, uniseptata.</p><p><italic>Type species</italic>. <italic>Spencermartinsia viticola</italic> (A.J.L. Phillips & J. Luque) A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous.</p><p><italic>Etymology.</italic> Named in honour of Prof. dr Isabel Spencer-Martins, founder of the Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos in Portugal.</p><p><italic>Ascomata</italic> pseudothecial, ostiolate. <italic>Pseudoparaphyses</italic> thin-walled, hyaline, septate, constricted at septa. <italic>Asci</italic> bitunicate, 8-spored, clavate, stipitate, developing amongst thin-walled, septate pseudoparaphyses, with biseriate ascospores. <italic>Ascospores</italic> hyaline when young, brown when mature, uniseptate with an apiculus at each end. <italic>Conidiomata</italic> stromatic. <italic>Conidiogenous cells</italic> lining inner surface of conidiomata, holoblastic, proliferating internally producing periclinal thickenings, or pro-liferating percurrently to form annellations. <italic>Conidia</italic> brown, 1-septate.</p><p>Note — <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> differs from <italic>Dothiorella</italic> in having 2-celled ascospores with an apiculus at either end of the ascospores.</p><p><bold><italic>Spencermartinsia viticola</italic></bold> (A.J.L. Phillips & J. Luque) A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous, <italic>comb. nov</italic>. — MycoBank MB511763; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">Fig. 18</xref></p><p><italic>Basionym</italic>. <italic>Botryosphaeria viticola</italic> A.J.L. Phillips & J. Luque, Mycologia 97: 1116. (2005) 2006.</p><p><italic>Anamorph. Dothiorella viticola</italic> A.J.L. Phillips & J. Luque, Mycologia 97: 1116. (2005) 2006.</p><p><italic>Specimens examined.</italic><sc>Spain</sc>, Catalonia, Vimbodí, near the Monastery of Poblet, on pruned canes of <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> cv. Garnatxa Negra, 12 Aug. 2004, <italic>J. Luque & S. Martos</italic>, holotype LISE 95177, culture ex-type CBS 117009; ditto, 28 May 2003, <italic>J. Luque & Mateu</italic>, LISE 95178, culture CBS 117006.</p><p>Notes — The ex-type isolate of <italic>Spencermartinsia viticola</italic> (CBS 117009) clustered with an isolate previously identified as <italic>Diplodia spegazziniana</italic> (CBS 302.75). The latter isolate is misidentified and is not representative of this species. An additional isolate originally identified by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R21">Luque et al. (2005)</xref> as <italic>B. viticola</italic> (CBS 117006), exhibited some differences in culture morphology from the ex-type strain and other strains (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R21">Luque et al. 2005</xref>). For example, the reverse side of cultures of CBS 117006 became red-brown after 3–5 d on PDA at 25 °C with a progressive darkening of the pigment after 6–10 d. Furthermore, there were some differences in ITS and EF1-α sequences between CBS 117006 and CBS 117009 (one substitution and one deletion in ITS and nine substitutions in EF1-α). Although these morphological and phylogenetic differences may reflect species differences, no name was applied to CBS 117006 because only one isolate was available for study.</p><p>Also contained within <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> was a single isolate of ‘<italic>Diplodia</italic>’ <italic>medicaginis</italic> (CBS 500.72), which formed a unique clade. Again, only a single isolate was available, the name of which is unresolved. Isolates ICMP 16827 and ICMP 16828 from <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic> in New Zealand formed another subclade, and thus would be regarded as a distinct phylogenetic species. However, neither of the isolates could be induced to sporulate, and no morphological data are available. Therefore, no names will be applied until their morphology can be determined.</p><p>Isolates ICMP 16819 and ICMP 16824, also from <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic> in New Zealand, formed a sister clade to <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> that was supported by a high MP bootstrap value (100 %). Neither of these two isolates has been induced to sporulate. In view of the lack of morphological data, the status of these two isolates remains uncertain.</p></sec></sec><sec id="s5"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>In this paper the phylogenetic position and taxonomy of species of Botryosphaeriaceae with brown ascospores were studied. The taxonomic position of <italic>Dothidotthia</italic> was resolved, and within the Botryosphaeriaceae we recognise a number of genera with brown ascospores. For some of these genera we reinstate old names, while others are described as new. In keeping with the proposal to use a single name for pleomorphic fungi (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R37">Rossman & Samuels 2005</xref>) we propose a single generic name for each clade. For example, since <italic>Dothidotthia</italic> was shown to fall in the Pleosporales, this name is no longer available for the teleomorph of <italic>Dothiorella</italic>, and therefore we propose that the anamorph genus name, <italic>Dothiorella</italic>, be used for both the anamorph and the teleomorph of this clade.</p><p>Within the Botryosphaeriaceae, species with brown ascospores are found in three separate lineages, which lead to at least six genera. These lineages are dispersed randomly in different branches of the phylogenetic tree. Considering that brown ascospores are a common feature in other families in the Dothideomycetes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">von Arx & Müller 1954</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">1975</xref>), it is possible that this character has been retained in these lineages from the ancestors of the family, rather than being a character that has evolved at different times.</p><p>Other morphological features that were used to differentiate genera were the presence or absence of apiculi on ascospores, septation of ascospores, striations on conidia, and the presence or absence of paraphyses in conidiomata. It is interesting to note that striations are strongly developed in <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic>, weaker in <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> and absent from <italic>Diplodia</italic>. Furthermore, conidiomatal paraphyses are found in <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic> but are absent from <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> and <italic>Diplodia</italic>.</p><p>Two of the lineages with brown ascospores lie within a clade that was previously regarded to contain species with <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic> and <italic>Diplodia</italic> anamorphs (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous et al. 2006</xref>). In their phylogenetic study (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous et al. 2006</xref>), based on LSU sequences, this clade could not be resolved. In the present study it could be resolved only by combining sequences of two protein coding genes with sequences of three ribosomal genes. In this way this clade was resolved into six genera, four of which have dark ascospores.</p><p>One lineage (clade 2, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>) clustered between <italic>Diplodia</italic> and <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic>. The name <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> already exists for this genus and it is reinstated in this paper. This genus was introduced by Booth (in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R31">Punithalingam 1969</xref>) for a single species, namely <italic>N. subglobosa</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">Von Arx & Müller (1975)</xref> transferred this species to <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> within their broad concept of the genus. When <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Crous et al. (2006)</xref> reassessed <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>, reducing it to <italic>B. corticis</italic> and <italic>B. dothidea</italic>, their isolate of <italic>B. subglobosa</italic> resided in an unresolved clade consisting of <italic>Diplodia</italic>, <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic> and <italic>Tiarosporella</italic>. From the data presented here it is clear that <italic>Neodeightonia subglobosa</italic>, type of <italic>Neodeightonia</italic>, is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from other genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae. <italic>Diplodia phoenicum</italic> was shown to be another species in this genus. Rather than introduce a new anamorph genus to accommodate <italic>Diplodia phoenicum</italic> we followed the procedures suggested by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R37">Rossman & Samuels (2005)</xref> and used the teleomorph genus name for this species. Conidia of both <italic>N. subglobosa</italic> and <italic>N. phoenicum</italic> have striations on the conidial wall similar to those seen in <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic>, albeit somewhat less distinct. However, anamorphs of <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> do not have paraphyses, which are typical of <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic>, and the striate conidial wall distinguishes <italic>Neodeightonia</italic> from <italic>Diplodia</italic>.</p><p>A second lineage, basal to <italic>Diplodia</italic>, <italic>Lasiodiplodia</italic> and <italic>Neodeightonia</italic>, was resolved into three clades (clades 4–6) that could be distinguished from one another on the morphology of the teleomorphs, especially septation of the ascospores and the presence or absence of ascospore apiculi. These genera can also be differentiated on morphology of the anamorphs. <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic> is available for one of these clades, <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> for another, but as far as we could tell, no suitable names are available for the third one, and <italic>Barriopsis</italic> is introduced to accommodate <italic>Physalospora fusca</italic>, which has aseptate ascospores without apiculi. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">Von Arx & Müller (1954</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">1975)</xref> placed <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic> in synonymy with <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>. However, as determined here, <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic> is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from all the other genera we studied. For this reason we have reinstated the generic name <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic> for isolate CBS 122980, and for other isolates in the same clade. The 1–2-septate ascospores of these fungi with an apiculus at either end correspond with <italic>Bagnisiella cercidis</italic> K134204, which is the basionym of <italic>Phaeobotryon cercidis</italic> and type species of the genus <italic>Phaeobotryon</italic>. Ascospores of the isolates from <italic>Sophora chrysophylla</italic> are larger than <italic>P. cercidis</italic> and for this reason these isolates were described as a new species. Although <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">Von Arx & Müller (1954)</xref> considered <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> a synonym of <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic>, in this study we show that it is morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from the other two genera in this clade and the name is reinstated for species with brown, aseptate ascospores with terminal apiculi.</p><p>The anamorph of <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> was shown to correspond to <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic>. Although we have adopted to follow the system of one name for one genus, it is important to clarify some of the controversy surrounding the genus <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic>. This genus has been the subject of considerable debate, much of which has revolved around the question of a suitable genus name for the pine pathogen sometimes referred to as <italic>Sphaeropsis sapinea</italic>. The main point of debate has been whether this species should revert to its older name of <italic>Diplodia pinea</italic> or whether it should remain in <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic>. From the literature it seems that this species has been regarded as typical of the genus <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic>, both morphologically and phylogenetically. For example, the phylogenetic studies of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Jacobs & Rehner (1998)</xref> and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Denman et al. (2000)</xref> placed <italic>Sphaeropsis sapinea</italic> in the <italic>Diplodia</italic> clade, which prompted <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Denman et al. (2000)</xref> to suggest that <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> is a synonym of <italic>Diplodia</italic>. This decision was also supported by subsequent studies (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R52">Zhou & Stanosz 2001</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">Alves et al. 2004</xref>). When <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R44">Sutton (1980)</xref> stated that percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells are a feature of <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> that are not found in <italic>Diplodia</italic> it is not clear if he was referring to <italic>S. visci</italic> or <italic>S. pinea</italic>. Nevertheless, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Denman et al. (2000)</xref> referred to percurrent proliferations in <italic>Diplodia</italic>, further confirming their suggestion that <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> is a synonym of <italic>Diplodia</italic>. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R29">Phillips (2002)</xref> and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">Alves et al. (2004)</xref> confirmed that this type of conidiogenesis occurs in <italic>Diplodia mutila</italic>. However, it is important to point out that when <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R39">Saccardo (1880)</xref> established <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> for species of <italic>Diplodia</italic> with dark conidia, he cited <italic>S. visci</italic> as the type species. We examined a number of strains isolated from <italic>Viscum album</italic> that correlate in all ways with the original description of <italic>S. visci</italic> and could find only internal proliferation of the conidiogenous cells, resulting in periclinal thickenings and typical phialides (sensu <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R44">Sutton 1980</xref>). Moreover, this was the only type of conidiogenesis that we could detect in the other species that we consider to belong in <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> (<italic>D. porosum</italic> and <italic>S. citrigena</italic>). As we illustrate here, the anamorphs of <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> are morphologically (pycnidial paraphyses) and phylogenetically distinct from <italic>Diplodia</italic>. Thus, as revealed by the phylogeny presented here, <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic>, typified by <italic>S. visci</italic>, is a valid and distinct genus. Moreover, the pine pathogen often referred to as <italic>S. sapinea</italic> resides in <italic>Diplodia</italic>.</p><p>The other species in <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic> deserve some mention. <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria porosa</italic> is distinct in the large pits in the conidial wall. When this species was described from grapevines in South Africa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R23">van Niekerk et al. 2004</xref>) it was placed in <italic>Diplodia</italic>, although the authors suggested that its unique conidial morphology might necessitate a new genus. At that time <italic>Sphaeropsis</italic> was not clearly defined and indeed had been suggested as being a synonym of <italic>Diplodia</italic>. Despite the unique character of conidial pits, <italic>D. porosum</italic> has features that place it within the morphological concept of <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic>. These features include relatively large, thick-walled conidia, phialidic conidiogenous cells with periclinal thickenings, and pycnidial paraphyses. Phylogenetically (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>) it also falls within <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic>. Thus, it seems that conidial pits are of taxonomic significance at species level only, in the same way as they were regarded when this species was first described by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R23">van Niekerk et al. (2004)</xref>. Finally, a third species is described in <italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria</italic>, namely <italic>P. citrigena</italic> from dead citrus twigs in New Zealand.</p><p>The third lineage (clades 8–10) is sister to <italic>Neofusicoccum</italic>, and the name <italic>Dothiorella</italic> has been used for the anamorphs of these species. This lineage was resolved into at least two, possibly three genera. Clades 8 and 9 could be distinguished from one another on the morphology of their ascospores. No teleomorph is yet known for clade 10. <italic>Dothiorella</italic> is already available for clade 8, and a new genus <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> is introduced for clade 9. <italic>Dothiorella</italic> is based on <italic>D. pyrenophora</italic>, but no cultures are available for this species. When <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Phillips et al. (2005)</xref> reinstated <italic>Dothiorella</italic>, they determined that <italic>D. sarmentorum</italic> corresponded in all ways with the concept for this genus.</p><p>A clade sister to <italic>Dothiorella</italic> was composed of two subclades (clades 9 and 10). It is not entirely clear if these two clades represent two genera or a single genus. <italic>Spencermartinsia viticola</italic> was considered to be a species of <italic>Dothiorella</italic> by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R21">Luque et al. (2005)</xref>, who pointed out that some morphological aspects of the anamorph (colony morphology) differentiated this species from others in <italic>Dothiorella</italic>. A more detailed examination of this species revealed that the ascospores bear an apiculus at either end. This feature, together with the phylogenetic difference indicates that this clade represents another genus closely related to <italic>Dothiorella</italic>, and for which we introduce the name <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic>. The distinct apiculi differentiate this genus from <italic>Dothiorella</italic>, and for this reason we propose it as a new genus. This clade (9) is phylogenetically diverse and appears to be composed of several species. The type species (<italic>S. viticola</italic>) is represented in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref> by the ex-type culture of <italic>Do. viticola</italic> (CBS 1187009). Another isolate with this name (CBS 117006) resides in a separate clade, and thus probably represents another species. Since we have only a single example of this species we decline at this stage to apply a species name to it. Similarly, CBS 500.72 (<italic>D. medicaginis</italic>) is another distinct species represented by a single isolate, which we also decline to name. The two isolates from <italic>Citrus</italic> (ICMP 16827 and ICMP 16828) did not sporulate in culture during the course of this work and thus cannot be fully characterised. Nevertheless, they too represent a third species in <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic>. The conidia from which these isolates were grown match closely those illustrated by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">Gure et al. (2005)</xref> from an isolate from <italic>Podocarpus falcatus</italic> seeds, which these authors referred to <italic>Dothiorella</italic>. We are continuing to study these isolates with the aim of applying species epithets.</p><p>Isolates ICMP 16819 and ICMP 16824 form a further clade (clade 10). These isolates were grown from 1-septate, dark brown, striate conidia collected from twigs of <italic>Citrus.</italic> The conidia become pigmented and septate while still attached to the conidiogenous cell, a characteristic of <italic>Dothiorella</italic> and <italic>Spencermartinsia</italic>. This fungus failed to sporulate in culture, and has yet to be linked to a teleomorph. For this reason we were unable to determine if these two isolates form a distinct genus and such a decision will have to wait until more isolates in this clade have been studied.</p></sec></body><back><ack><p>This work was financed by the European Regional Development Fund and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under project POCI/AGR/56140/2004. A. Alves was supported by grant No. SFRH/BPD/24509/2005 from FCT, and a visit to CBS by a SYNTHESIS grant (No. NL-TAF-1876). A. Phillips was supported by grant No. SFRH/BCC/15810/2006 from FCT. J. Luque (IRTA, Barcelona, Spain) kindly supplied isolates of <italic>Diplodia phoenicum</italic>. Prof. Antonio Graniti, Università di Bari, Italy helped trace the original description of <italic>Macrophoma phoenicum</italic>. The various herbaria cited are acknowledged for making material available for study.</p></ack><ref-list><title>REFERENCES</title><ref id="R1"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alfaro</surname><given-names>ME</given-names></name><name><surname>Zoller</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Lutzoni</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2003</year>
<article-title>Bayes or Bootstrap? A simulation study comparing the performance of Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence</article-title>.
<source>Molecular Biology and Evolution</source><volume>20</volume>:
<fpage>255</fpage>–
<lpage>266</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12598693</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R2"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Correia</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Luque</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>AJL</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2004</year>
<article-title>Botryosphaeria corticola, sp. nov. on Quercus species, with notes and description of Botryosphaeria stevensii and its anamorph, Diplodia mutila</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>96</volume>:
<fpage>598</fpage>–
<lpage>613</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R3"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Correia</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>AJL</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2006</year>
<article-title>Multi-gene genealogies and morphological data support Diplodia cupressi sp. nov., previously recognized as D. pinea f. sp. cupressi, as a distinct species</article-title>.
<source>Fungal Diversity</source><volume>23</volume>:
<fpage>1</fpage>–
<lpage>15</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R4"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>PW</given-names></name><name><surname>Correia</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>AJL</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2008</year>
<article-title>Morphological and molecular data reveal cryptic species in Lasiodiplodia theobromae</article-title>.
<source>Fungal Diversity</source><volume>28</volume>:
<fpage>1</fpage>–
<lpage>13</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R5"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>AJL</given-names></name><name><surname>Henriques</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Correia</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2005</year>
<article-title>Evaluation of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) as a method for the identification of Botryosphaeria species</article-title>.
<source>FEMS Microbiology Letters</source><volume>245</volume>:
<fpage>221</fpage>–
<lpage>229</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15837376</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R6"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Arx</surname><given-names>JA von</given-names></name><name><surname>Müller</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1954</year>
<article-title>Die Gattungen der amerosporen Pyrenomyceten</article-title>.
<source>Beiträge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz</source><volume>11</volume>:
<fpage>1</fpage>–
<lpage>434</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R7"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Arx</surname><given-names>JA von</given-names></name><name><surname>Müller</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1975</year>
<article-title>A re-evaluation of the bitunicate ascomycetes with keys to families and genera</article-title>.
<source>Studies in Mycology</source><volume>9</volume>:
<fpage>1</fpage>–
<lpage>159</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R8"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barr</surname><given-names>ME</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1987</year>
<source>Prodromus to Class Loculoascomycetes</source>
<publisher-loc>Amherst, Massachusetts</publisher-loc>:
<publisher-name>Published by the author</publisher-name></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R9"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barr</surname><given-names>ME</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1989</year>
<article-title>The genus Dothidotthia (Botryosphaeriaceae) in North America</article-title>.
<source>Mycotaxon</source><volume>34</volume>:
<fpage>517</fpage>–
<lpage>526</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R10"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Burgess</surname><given-names>TI</given-names></name><name><surname>Barber</surname><given-names>PA</given-names></name><name><surname>Mohali</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Pegg</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Beer</surname><given-names>W de</given-names></name><name><surname>Wingfield</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2006</year>
<article-title>Three new Lasiodiplodia spp. from the tropics, recognized based on DNA sequence comparisons and morphology</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>98</volume>:
<fpage>423</fpage>–
<lpage>435</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17040071</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R11"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Carbone</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Kohn</surname><given-names>LM</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1999</year>
<article-title>A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>91</volume>:
<fpage>553</fpage>–
<lpage>556</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R12"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>PW</given-names></name><name><surname>Palm</surname><given-names>ME</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1999</year>
<article-title>Reassessment of the anamorph genera Botryodiplodia, Dothiorella and Fusicoccum</article-title>.
<source>Sydowia</source><volume>52</volume>:
<fpage>167</fpage>–
<lpage>175</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R13"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>PW</given-names></name><name><surname>Slippers</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Wingfield</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Rheeder</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Marasas</surname><given-names>WFO</given-names></name><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>AJL</given-names></name><name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Burgess</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Barber</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Groenewald</surname><given-names>JZ</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2006</year>
<article-title>Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae</article-title>.
<source>Studies in Mycology</source><volume>55</volume>:
<fpage>235</fpage>–
<lpage>253</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18490983</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R14"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Damm</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>PW</given-names></name><name><surname>Fourie</surname><given-names>PH</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2007</year>
<article-title>Botryosphaeriaceae as potential pathogens of Prunus in South Africa, with descriptions of Diplodia africana and Lasiodiplodia plurivora sp. nov</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>99</volume>:
<fpage>664</fpage>–
<lpage>680</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18268901</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R15"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Denman</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>PW</given-names></name><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>JE</given-names></name><name><surname>Kang</surname><given-names>J-C</given-names></name><name><surname>Pascoe</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Wingfield</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2000</year>
<article-title>An overview of the taxonomic history of Botryosphaeria, and a re-evaluation of its anamorphs based on morphology and ITS rDNA phylogeny</article-title>.
<source>Studies in Mycology</source><volume>45</volume>:
<fpage>129</fpage>–
<lpage>140</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R16"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Glass</surname><given-names>NL</given-names></name><name><surname>Donaldson</surname><given-names>GC</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1995</year>
<article-title>Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes</article-title>.
<source>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</source><volume>61</volume>:
<fpage>1323</fpage>–
<lpage>1330</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7747954</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R17"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Grossenbacher</surname><given-names>JG</given-names></name><name><surname>Duggar</surname><given-names>BM</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1911</year>
<article-title>A contribution to the life-history, parasitism and biology of Botryosphaeria ribis</article-title>.
<source>New York Agricultural Experimental Station, Technical Bulletin</source><volume>18</volume>:
<fpage>113</fpage>–
<lpage>190</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R18"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gure</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Slippers</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Stenlid</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2005</year>
<article-title>Seed-borne Botryosphaeria spp. from native Prunus and Podocarpus trees in Ethiopia, with a description of the anamorph Diplodia rosulata sp. nov</article-title>.
<source>Mycological Research</source><volume>109</volume>:
<fpage>1005</fpage>–
<lpage>1014</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16209306</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R19"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hillis</surname><given-names>DM</given-names></name><name><surname>Bull</surname><given-names>JJ</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1993</year>
<article-title>An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis</article-title>.
<source>Systematic Biology</source><volume>42</volume>:
<fpage>182</fpage>–
<lpage>192</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R20"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jacobs</surname><given-names>KA</given-names></name><name><surname>Rehner</surname><given-names>SA</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1998</year>
<article-title>Comparison of cultural and morphological characters and ITS sequences in anamorphs of Botryosphaeria and related taxa</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>90</volume>:
<fpage>601</fpage>–
<lpage>610</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R21"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Luque</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Martos</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>AJL</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2005</year>
<article-title>Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov. on grapevines: a new species with a Dothiorella anamorph</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>97</volume>:
<fpage>1111</fpage>–
<lpage>1121</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16596961</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R22"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Miller</surname><given-names>AN</given-names></name><name><surname>Huhndorf</surname><given-names>SM</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2004</year>
<article-title>Using phylogenetic species recognition to delimit species boundaries within Leptosphaeria</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>96</volume>:
<fpage>1106</fpage>–
<lpage>1127</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R23"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Niekerk</surname><given-names>JM van</given-names></name><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>PW</given-names></name><name><surname>Groenewald</surname><given-names>JZ</given-names></name><name><surname>Fourie</surname><given-names>PH</given-names></name><name><surname>Halleen</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2004</year>
<article-title>DNA phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria species on grapevines</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>96</volume>:
<fpage>781</fpage>–
<lpage>798</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R24"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>O’Donnell</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1993</year>
<article-title>Fusarium and its near relatives</article-title>. In:
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Reynolds</surname><given-names>DR</given-names></name><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>JW</given-names></name></person-group> (eds),
<source>The fungal holomorph: Mitotic, meiotic and pleomorphic speciation in fungal systematics: 225–233</source>
<publisher-name>CAB International</publisher-name>,
<publisher-loc>Wallingford, UK</publisher-loc></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R25"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Page</surname><given-names>RD</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1996</year>
<article-title>TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers</article-title>.
<source>Computer Applications in the Biosciences</source><volume>12</volume>:
<fpage>357</fpage>–
<lpage>358</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8902363</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R26"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pavlic</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Slippers</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Coutinho</surname><given-names>TA</given-names></name><name><surname>Gryzenhout</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Wingfield</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2004</year>
<article-title>Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis sp. nov., a new Botryosphaeria anamorph from native Syzygium cordatum in South Africa</article-title>.
<source>Studies in Mycology</source><volume>50</volume>:
<fpage>313</fpage>–
<lpage>322</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R27"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Petrak</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1922</year>
<article-title>Beiträge zur kenntnis der Piltzflora der südlichen Alpenländer und Norditaliens</article-title>.
<source>Annales Mycologici editi in notitam scientiae mycologicae universalis</source><volume>20</volume>:
<fpage>126</fpage>–
<lpage>159</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R28"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Petrak</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Deighton</surname><given-names>FC</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1952</year>
<article-title>Beiträge zur Pilzeflora von Sierra Leone</article-title>.
<source>Sydowia</source><volume>6</volume>:
<fpage>309</fpage>–
<lpage>322</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R29"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>AJL</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2002</year>
<article-title>Botryosphaeria species associated with diseases of grapevines in Portugal</article-title>.
<source>Phytopathologia Mediterranea</source><volume>41</volume>:
<fpage>3</fpage>–
<lpage>18</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R30"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>AJL</given-names></name><name><surname>Alves</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Correia</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Luque</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2005</year>
<article-title>Two new species of Botryosphaeria with brown, 1-septate ascospores and Dothiorella anamorphs</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>97</volume>:
<fpage>513</fpage>–
<lpage>529</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16396358</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R31"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Punithalingam</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1969</year>
<article-title>Studies on Sphaeropsidales in culture</article-title>.
<source>Mycological Papers</source><volume>119</volume>:
<fpage>1</fpage>–
<lpage>24</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R32"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ramaley</surname><given-names>AW</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2005</year>
<article-title>The connection of Dothidotthia aspera (Botryosphaeriaceae) to a hyphomycetous anamorphic fungus, Thyrostroma negundinis</article-title>.
<source>Mycotaxon</source><volume>94</volume>:
<fpage>127</fpage>–
<lpage>132</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R33"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rannala</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1996</year>
<article-title>Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference</article-title>.
<source>Journal of Molecular Evolution</source><volume>43</volume>:
<fpage>304</fpage>–
<lpage>311</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">8703097</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R34"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rayachhetry</surname><given-names>MB</given-names></name><name><surname>Blakeslee</surname><given-names>GM</given-names></name><name><surname>Webb</surname><given-names>RS</given-names></name><name><surname>Kimbrough</surname><given-names>JW</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1996</year>
<article-title>Characteristics of the Fusicoccum anamorph of Boryosphaeria ribis, a potential biological control agent for Melaleuca quinquernervia in South Florida</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>88</volume>:
<fpage>239</fpage>–
<lpage>248</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R35"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rodriguez</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Oliver</surname><given-names>JF</given-names></name><name><surname>Marin</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Medina</surname><given-names>JR</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1990</year>
<article-title>The general stochastic model of nucleotide substitutions</article-title>.
<source>Journal of Theoretical Biology</source><volume>142</volume>:
<fpage>485</fpage>–
<lpage>501</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2338834</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R36"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ronquist</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Huelsenbeck</surname><given-names>JP</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2003</year>
<article-title>MrBayes3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models</article-title>.
<source>Bioinformatics</source><volume>19</volume>:
<fpage>1572</fpage>–
<lpage>1574</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12912839</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R37"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Rossman</surname><given-names>AY</given-names></name><name><surname>Samuels</surname><given-names>GJ</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2005</year>
<article-title>Towards a single scientific name for species of fungi</article-title>.
<source>Inoculum</source><volume>56</volume>:
<fpage>3</fpage>–
<lpage>6</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R38"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Saccardo</surname><given-names>PA</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1877</year>
<article-title>Fungi Veneti novi vel critici vel Mycologiae Venetae addendi</article-title>.
<source>Michelia</source><volume>1</volume>:
<fpage>1</fpage>–
<lpage>72</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R39"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Saccardo</surname><given-names>PA</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1880</year>
<article-title>Fungi gallici, ser. II</article-title>.
<source>Michelia</source><volume>2</volume>:
<fpage>38</fpage>–
<lpage>135</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R40"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Schoch</surname><given-names>CL</given-names></name><name><surname>Shoemaker</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name><name><surname>Seifert</surname><given-names>KA</given-names></name><name><surname>Hambleton</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Spatafora</surname><given-names>JW</given-names></name><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>PW</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2006</year>
<article-title>A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear loci</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>98</volume>:
<fpage>1041</fpage>–
<lpage>1052</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17486979</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R41"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sivanesan</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1984</year>
<source>The bitunicate ascomycetes and their anamorphs</source>
<publisher-name>Cramer</publisher-name>,
<publisher-loc>Vaduz, Liechtenstein</publisher-loc></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R42"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Stevens</surname><given-names>NE</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1926</year>
<article-title>Two species of Physalospora on Citrus and other hosts</article-title>.
<source>Mycologia</source><volume>18</volume>:
<fpage>206</fpage>–
<lpage>217</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R43"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sutton</surname><given-names>BC</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1977</year>
<article-title>Coelomycetes. IV. Nomenclature of generic names proposed for Coelomycetes</article-title>.
<source>Mycological Papers</source><volume>141</volume>:
<fpage>1</fpage>–
<lpage>253</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R44"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sutton</surname><given-names>BC</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1980</year>
<source>The Coelomycetes, Fungi imperfecti with acervuli, pycnidia and stromata</source>
<publisher-name>Commonwealth Mycological Institute</publisher-name>,
<publisher-loc>Kew, UK</publisher-loc></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R45"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Swofford</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2003</year>
<source>PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods) Version 4</source>
<publisher-loc>Sunderland, Massachusetts</publisher-loc>:
<publisher-name>Sinauer Associates</publisher-name></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R46"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Theissen</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Sydow</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1914</year>
<article-title>Dothideazeen studien II</article-title>.
<source>Annales Mycologici</source><volume>12</volume>:
<fpage>268</fpage>–
<lpage>281</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R47"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Theissen</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Sydow</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1915</year>
<article-title>Die Dothideales</article-title>.
<source>Annales Mycologici</source><volume>13</volume>:
<fpage>149</fpage>–
<lpage>746</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R48"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Thompson</surname><given-names>JD</given-names></name><name><surname>Gibson</surname><given-names>TJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Plewniak</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Jeanmougin</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Higgins</surname><given-names>DG</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1997</year>
<article-title>The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools</article-title>.
<source>Nucleaic Acids Research</source><volume>25</volume>:
<fpage>4876</fpage>–
<lpage>4882</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R49"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname><given-names>TJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Bruns</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1990</year>
<article-title>Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics</article-title>. In:
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><name><surname>Innis</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name><name><surname>Gelfand</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Sninsky</surname><given-names>JJ</given-names></name><name><surname>White</surname><given-names>TJ</given-names></name></person-group> (eds),
<source>PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications: 315–322</source>
<publisher-name>Academic Press</publisher-name>,
<publisher-loc>San Diego, California, USA</publisher-loc></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R50"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Young</surname><given-names>ND</given-names></name><name><surname>Healey</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2003</year>
<article-title>GapCoder automates the use of indel characters in phylogenetic analysis</article-title>.
<source>BMC Bioinformatics 4: art</source>
<fpage>6</fpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R51"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zambettakis</surname><given-names>CE</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>1955</year>
<article-title>Recherches anatomiques et biologiques sur les Sphaeropsidales Phaeodidymae des Fungi imperfecti</article-title>.
<source>Archives du Museum National Histoire Naturelle (Paris)</source><volume>7</volume>:
<fpage>7</fpage>–
<lpage>145</lpage></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R52"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Stanosz</surname><given-names>GR</given-names></name></person-group>
<year>2001</year>
<article-title>Primers for amplification of mt SSU rDNA, and a phylogenetic study of Botryosphaeria and associated anamorphic fungi</article-title>.
<source>Mycological Research</source><volume>105</volume>:
<fpage>1033</fpage>–
<lpage>1044</lpage></mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Isolates studied in this paper.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Species</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Accession number<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-21-29"><sup>1</sup></xref></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Host</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Locality</th><th colspan="5" align="center" rowspan="1">GenBank<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-21-29"><sup>2</sup></xref><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SSU</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LSU</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ITS</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EF1-α</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">β-tubulin</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Barriopsis fusca</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 174.26</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cuba</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673182</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377857</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673330</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673296</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673109</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Bimuria novaezelandiae</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 107.79</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">soil</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY016338</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY016356</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Botryosphaeria corticis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS119047</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vaccinium corymbosum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673175</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673244</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ299245</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EU017539</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673107</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ATCC 22927</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vaccinium</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673176</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673245</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ299247</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673291</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673108</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Botryosphaeria dothidea</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 115476</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Prunus</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673173</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928047</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY236949</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY236898</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY236927</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 110302</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Portugal</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673174</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673243</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY259092</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573218</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673106</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>‘Botryosphaeria’ tsugae</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 418.64</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Tsuga heterophylla</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673208</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377867</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458888</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458873</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458855</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Byssothecium circinans</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 675.92</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY016339</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY016357</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Capnodium coffeae</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 147.52</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Coffea robusta</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zaire</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ247808</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ247800</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cochliobolus heterostrophus</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 54</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Zea mays</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544727</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544645</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Davidiella tassiana</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1591</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">man, skin, foot</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678022</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678074</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Delitschia winteri</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1599</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">dung of rabbit</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678026</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678077</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Didymella cucurbitacearum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 373225</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY293779</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY293792</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia acerina</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 910.73</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acer pseudoplatanus</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673160</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673234</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673315</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673282</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673139</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia corticola</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 112549</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus suber</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Portugal</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673206</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928051</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY259100</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573227</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458853</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 112546</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus ilex</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673207</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673262</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY259090</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673310</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673117</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia coryli</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 242.51</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673162</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673235</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673317</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673284</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673105</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia cupressi</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 168.87</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cupressus sempervirens</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Israel</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673209</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673263</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458893</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458878</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458861</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 261.85</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Cupressus sempervirens</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Israel</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673210</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673264</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458894</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458879</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458862</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia juglandis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 188.87</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Juglans regia</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673161</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377891</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673316</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673283</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673119</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia mutila</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 112553</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Portugal</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673213</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928049</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY259093</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573219</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458850</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 230.30</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoenix dactylifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673214</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673265</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458886</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458869</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458849</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia pinea A</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 393.84</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus nigra</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673219</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377893</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458895</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458880</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458863</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 109727</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus radiata</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673220</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673269</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458897</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458882</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458865</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia pinea C</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 109725</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus patula</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673222</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673270</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458896</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458881</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458864</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 109943</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus patula</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Indonesia</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673221</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673271</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458898</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458883</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458866</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia rosulata</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 116470</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Prunus africana</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ethiopia</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673211</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377896</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EU430265</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EU430267</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673132</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 116472</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Prunus africana</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ethiopia</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673212</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377897</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EU430266</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EU430268</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673131</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia scrobiculata</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 113423</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus greggii</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673217</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673267</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458900</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458885</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458868</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 109944</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus greggii</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mexico</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673218</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673268</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458899</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458884</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458867</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Diplodia seriata</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 112555</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Portugal</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673215</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928050</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY259094</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573220</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458856</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 119049</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673216</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673266</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458889</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458874</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458857</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothidea sambuci</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 274</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544722</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544681</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothidotthia</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12928</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Fendlera rupicola</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673225</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673272</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothidotthia</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12930</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Euonymus alatus</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673226</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673274</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothidotthia</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12932</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acer negundis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673227</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673275</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothidotthia</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12933</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acer negundis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673228</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673276</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothidotthia symphoricarpi</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12929</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Symphoricarpos rotundifolia</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673224</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673273</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothiora cannabinae</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1359</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Daphne cannabina</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">India</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ479933</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ470984</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothiorella iberica</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 115041</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus ilex</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673155</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928053</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573202</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573222</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673096</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 113188</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus suber</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673156</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673230</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573198</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673278</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673097</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothiorella sarmentorum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IMI 63581b</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ulmus</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">United Kingdom</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673158</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928052</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573212</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573235</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673102</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 115038</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Malus pumila</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673159</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377860</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573206</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573223</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673101</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothiorella</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CAA 005</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pistacia vera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673157</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673231</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673312</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673279</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673098</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothiorella</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CAP 187</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Prunus dulcis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Portugal</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673163</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673232</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673313</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673280</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673100</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Dothiorella</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">JL 599</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Corylus avellana</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673164</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673233</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673314</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673281</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673099</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Elsinoë veneta</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1360</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Rubus</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678007</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678060</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Guignardia bidwelli</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 111645</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Parthenocissus quinquefolia</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673223</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377876</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Hysteropatella clavispora</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1305</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Salix</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678006</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY541493</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lasiodiplodia crassispora</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 110492</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673189</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673251</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622086</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622066</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673134</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 118741</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Santalum album</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Australia</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673190</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377901</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ103550</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673303</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673133</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 115812</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Syzygium cordatum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673193</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377902</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458892</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458877</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458860</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 116355</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Syzygium cordatum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673194</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673252</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY639594</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ103567</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673126</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lasiodiplodia parva</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 356.59</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Theobroma cacao</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sri Lanka</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673200</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673257</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622082</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622062</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673113</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 494.78</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cassava-field soil</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Colombia</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673201</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673258</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622084</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622064</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673114</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 447.62</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus aurantium</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Suriname</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673198</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673255</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622081</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622060</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673112</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 116459</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Gmelina arborea</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Costa Rica</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673199</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673256</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622077</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>EF622057</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673111</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lasiodiplodia rubropurpurea</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 118740</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus grandis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Queensland</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673191</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377903</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ103553</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673304</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673136</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 124.13</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673195</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928054</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458890</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458875</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458858</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 164.96</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fruit along coral reef coast</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Guinea</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673196</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673253</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY640255</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY640258</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673110</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CAA 006</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673197</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673254</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458891</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458876</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458859</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 118739</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Acacia mangium</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venezuela</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673192</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377904</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ103547</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673305</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673129</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lepidosphaeria nicotiae</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 559.71</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">sandy desert soil</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Algeria</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ384068</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ384106</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Leptosphaeria maculans</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 277</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ470993</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ470946</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lewia eureka</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 267</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago rugosa</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Australia</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ677994</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678044</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Lophiostoma crenatum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1581</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Prunus spinosa</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678017</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678069</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Massaria platani</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1574</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Platanus occidentalis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678013</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678065</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Massarina arundinacea</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 619.86</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phragmites australis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Switzerland</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ813513</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ813509</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Montagnula opulenta</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1734</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Opuntia</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AF164370</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678086</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycosphaerella punctiformis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 942</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Quercus robur</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ471017</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ470968</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Myriangium duriaei</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 260.36</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Chrysomphalus aonidium</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Argentina</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY016347</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY016365</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neodeightonia phoenicum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 169.34</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoenix dactylifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673203</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673259</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673338</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673307</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673138</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 123168</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoenix canariensis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673204</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673260</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673339</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673308</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673115</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 122528</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoenix dactylifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673205</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673261</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673340</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673309</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673116</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neodeightonia subglobosa</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 448.91</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">keratomycosis in eye</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">United Kingdom</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673202</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377866</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673337</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673306</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673137</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neofusicoccum luteum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 110299</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Portugal</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673148</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928043</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY259091</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573217</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ458848</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 110497</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Portugal</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673149</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673229</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673311</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673277</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673092</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neofusicoccum mangiferum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 118531</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mangifera indica</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Australia</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673153</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377920</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY615185</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ093221</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY615172</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 118532</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mangifera indica</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Australia</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673154</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377921</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY615186</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ093220</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY615173</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neofusicoccum parvum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CMW 9081</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pinus nigra</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673151</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928045</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY236943</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY236888</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY236917</italic></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 110301</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Portugal</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673150</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928046</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY259098</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY573221</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673095</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Neofusicoccum ribis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS115475</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Ribes</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673152</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY928044</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phaeobotryon mamane</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12264</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sophora chrysophylla</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hawaii</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673183</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377898</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673331</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673297</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673125</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12440</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sophora chrysophylla</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hawaii</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673184</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673248</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673332</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673298</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673121</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12442</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sophora chrysophylla</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hawaii</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673185</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377899</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673333</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673299</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673124</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12443</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sophora chrysophylla</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hawaii</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673186</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673249</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673334</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673300</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673120</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12444</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sophora chrysophylla</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hawaii</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673187</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377900</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673335</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673301</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673123</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CPC 12445</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sophora chrysophylla</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hawaii</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673188</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673250</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673336</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673302</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673122</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria citrigena</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICMP 16812</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673180</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673246</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673328</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673294</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673140</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICMP 16818</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673181</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673247</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673329</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673295</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673141</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria porosa</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 110496</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673179</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377894</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY343379</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY343340</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673130</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria visci</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 100163</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viscum album</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Luxembourg</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673177</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377870</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673324</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673292</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673127</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 186.97</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viscum album</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673178</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377868</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673325</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673293</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673128</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 122526</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viscum album</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ukraine</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673326</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 122527</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Viscum album</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ukraine</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673327</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phaeosphaeria avenaria</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 280</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544725</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544684</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Phoma herbarum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1575</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678014</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678066</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Piedraia hortae</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 480.64</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">man, hair</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY016349</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY016366</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pleomassaria siparia</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 1600</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Betula verrucosa</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678027</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ678078</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Preussia terricola</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 282</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544726</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544686</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 117448</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus hybrid</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venezuela</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673146</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377931</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY693974</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY693975</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673094</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 117449</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Eucalyptus hybrid</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Venezuela</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673147</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377932</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ436935</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ436936</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673093</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Sordaria fimicola</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unknown</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY545724</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY545728</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Spencermartinsia vitícola</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 117009</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673165</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>DQ377873</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY905554</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY905559</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673104</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 117006</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Vitis vinifera</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673166</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673236</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY905555</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY905562</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673103</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Spencermartinsia sp. (as Diplodia medicaginis)</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 500.72</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Medicago sativa</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Africa</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673167</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673237</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673318</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673285</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673118</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Spencermartinsia sp. (as Diplodia spegazziniana)</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CBS 302.75</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Poniciana gilliesii</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">France</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673168</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673238</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673319</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673286</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673135</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICMP 16827</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673171</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673241</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673322</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673289</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673144</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICMP 16828</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673172</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673242</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673323</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673290</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673145</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICMP 16819</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673169</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673239</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673320</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673287</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673142</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Spencermartinsia</italic> sp.</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICMP 16824</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">New Zealand</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673170</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673240</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673321</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673288</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">EU673143</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Xylaria hypoxylon</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AFTOL 51</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">downed rotting wood</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">USA</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544692</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>AY544648</italic></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-21-29"><p><sup>1</sup> Acronyms of culture collections: AFTOL – Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life; CAA – A. Alves, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal; CAP – Alan J.L. Phillips, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal; CBS – Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands; CMW – M.J. Wingfield, FABI, University of Pretoria, South Africa; IMI – CABI Bioscience, Egham, U.K.; JL – J. Luque, IRTA, Spain.</p></fn><fn id="tfn2-21-29"><p><sup>2</sup> Sequence numbers in <italic>italics</italic> were retrieved from GenBank. All others were obtained in the present study.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Single most parsimonious tree resulting from maximum parsimony analysis of combined SSU and LSU sequence data for 38 taxa. MP bootstrap values are given at the nodes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>One of eight most parsimonious trees resulting from maximum parsimony analysis of combined SSU, LSU, ITS, β-tubulin and EF1-α sequence data for 76 isolates in the Botryosphaeriaceae. MP bootstrap values are given at the nodes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 3</label><caption><p><italic>Pseudotthia symphoricarpi</italic> holotype NY. a. Ascomata; b. immature asci; c. asci and pseudoparaphyses; d. mature ascus with pale brown 1-septate ascospores; e. brown 1-septate ascospores; f. base of sessile ascus; g. brown 1-septate ascospores; h–j. conidia of <italic>Thyrostroma</italic> anamorph in association with ascomata. — Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b–h = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 4</label><caption><p><italic>Dothidotthia symphoricarpi</italic> epitype BPI 871823. a. Longitudinal section through an ascoma; b. detail of a section through the ascoma wall; c, d. asci with pale brown, 1-septate ascospores; e. pale brown, 1-septate ascospores. — Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 5</label><caption><p><italic>Thyrostroma</italic> sp. CBS 119691, anamorph of <italic>Dothidotthia aspera</italic>. a–d. Conidia and conidiophores. — Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g005"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 6</label><caption><p><italic>Amphisphaeria aspera</italic> holotype NY. a. Ascomata; b, c. asci with ascospores; d. pseudoparaphyses and ascospores; e. ascospores; f. ascospore and two conidia; g. conidia. — Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b–g = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g006"></graphic></fig><fig id="F7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 7</label><caption><p><italic>Barriopsis fusca</italic> BPI 599052. a. Immature asci; b. mature asci with brown ascospores; c. ascus with ascospores; d. ascospores. — Scale bars: a, b = 20 μm; c, d = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g007"></graphic></fig><fig id="F8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 8</label><caption><p><italic>Dothiorella iberica</italic>. a–g: LISE 94944; h–n: CBS 115041. a. Vertical section through an ascoma; b. ascus with brown, 1-septate ascospores; c. immature asci and one ascus with four ascospores; d. details of ascoma wall; e. pseudoparaphyses; f. ascospores; g. ascospore; h. young conidiogenous cells; i. conidiogenous cells with developing conidia; j, k conidia viewed at two different levels of focus to show internally verruculose wall; l, m. conidia; n. germinating conidia. — Scale bars: a = 50 μm; b–n: 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g008"></graphic></fig><fig id="F9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 9</label><caption><p><italic>Neodeightonia subglobosa</italic> CBS 448.91. a. Globose conidiomata; b, c. conidiogenous cells; d. hyaline conidia; e. mature brown conidia. — Scale bars: a = 250 μm; b–e = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g009"></graphic></fig><fig id="F10" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 10</label><caption><p><italic>Neodeightonia phoenicum</italic> CBS 122528. a. Conidiogenous layer; b–e. conidiogenous cells; f. hyaline, aseptate conidia; g, h. brown, 1-septate conidia with longitudinal striations. — Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g010"></graphic></fig><fig id="F11" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 11</label><caption><p><italic>Bagnisiella cercidis</italic> K 134204. a. Ascomata; b. immature ascus; c. asci with immature ascospores; d. hyaline ascospores; e–g. hyaline, aseptate ascospores with terminal apiculi (arrows); h. broken, brown, 2-septate ascospore. — Scale bars: a = 400 μm; b–h = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g011"></graphic></fig><fig id="F12" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 12</label><caption><p><italic>Phaeobotryon quercicola</italic> Fungi Rehnani 534 in G. a. Vertical section through an ascoma; b. immature ascus; c. mature, 2-septate brown ascospores. — Scale bars: a = 100 μm; b, c = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g012"></graphic></fig><fig id="F13" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 13</label><caption><p><italic>Phaeobotryon mamane</italic>. a–h: CBS H-20109; i–o: CBS 122980. a–c. Asci and ascospores; d–h. ascospores with terminal apiculi (arrows); i. conidiomata forming on pine needle; j–m. conidiogenous cells with developing conidia; n. aseptate and 1-septate conidia; o. 2-septate conidium. — Scale bars: a–h, j–o = 10 μm; i = 350 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g013"></graphic></fig><fig id="F14" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 14</label><caption><p><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria yerbae</italic> LPS 2926. a. Immature (left) and mature (right) asci; b. mature ascus with brown, aseptate ascospores; c. septate pseudoparaphyses; d. dark brown, aseptate ascospores; e, f. dark brown, aseptate ascospores with apiculi. — Scale bars = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g014"></graphic></fig><fig id="F15" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 15</label><caption><p><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria visci</italic>. a–f: CWU (MYC) AS 2271; g–l: CBS 122527. a. Immature asci; b. mature ascus with brown, aseptate ascospores; c–f. brown, aseptate ascospores with apiculi (arrows); g. conidioma formed in culture on a pine needle; h, i. conidia forming on conidiogenous cell between paraphyses (arrows); j. developing conidia; k. paraphyses; l. conidia. — Scale bars: a, b = 20 μm; c–f, h–l = 10 μm; g = 50 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g015"></graphic></fig><fig id="F16" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 16</label><caption><p><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria citrigena.</italic> a–g: PDD 89238; h–j: ICMP 16812. a–c. Asci with brown ascospores; d. pseudoparaphyses; e–g. brown, aseptate ascospores with apiculi (arrows); h. conidium developing on a conidiogenous cell; i. hyaline, aseptate conidia; j. conidiomatal paraphyses. — Scale bars: a = 50 μm; b–d = 20 μm; e–j = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g016"></graphic></fig><fig id="F17" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 17</label><caption><p><italic>Phaeobotryosphaeria porosa</italic> CBS 110496. a. Pycnidium with elongated neck; b. conidium developing between paraphyses; c. paraphyses; d. conidia and conidiogenous cells; e, f. immature conidium at two different levels of focus to show pores in the conidium wall; g, h. mature conidium at two different levels of focus to show verruculose inner surface of the wall. — Scale bars: a = 500 μm, b–h = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g017"></graphic></fig><fig id="F18" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 18</label><caption><p><italic>Spencermartinsia viticola</italic>. a–h: LISE95177; i–k: CBS 117009. a. Ascomata erumpent through host bark; b. ascoma cut through horizontally showing the white contents with dark spots corresponding to asci with ascospores; c. vertical section through an ascoma; d. septate pseudoparaphyses; e. clavate ascus containing eight biseriate, dark brown, 1-septate ascospores; f. ascospores; g. ascospores with small rounded apiculi (arrows); h. conidiomata partially erumpent through the host bark; i. conidiogenous cells; j. conidiogenous cells with annellations. The cell on the right has a dark brown, 1-septate conidium attached; k. conidia. — Scale bars: a, h = 500 μm; b = 250 μm; c = 50 μm; d–g, i–k = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="per-21-29-g018"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Bois/explor/OrangerV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 0012480 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 0012480 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Bois
|area= OrangerV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé=
|texte=
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. |  |